国际经济学双语习题3说课材料

国际经济学双语习题

3

International Economics, 8e (Krugman)

Chapter 3 Labor Productivity and Comparative Advantage: The Ricardian Model

3.1

The Concept of Comparative Advantage

1) Trade between two countries can benefit both countries if

A) each country exports that good in which it has a comparative advantage.

B) each country enjoys superior terms of trade.

C) each country has a more elastic demand for the imported goods.

D) each country has a more elastic supply for the exported goods.

E) Both C and D.

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A

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2) In order to know whether a country has a comparative

advantage in the production of one particular product we need information on at least ________ unit labor

requirements

one

A)

two

B)

three

C)

four

D)

five

E)

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D

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3) A country engaging in trade according to the principles of

comparative advantage gains from trade because it is producing exports indirectly more efficiently than it

A)

could alternatively.

is producing imports indirectly more efficiently than it

B)

could domestically.

is producing exports using fewer labor units.

C)

is producing imports indirectly using fewer labor units.

D)

None of the above.

E)

B

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4) Given the information in the table above, if it is

ascertained that Foreign uses prison-slave labor to produce its exports, then home should

export cloth.

A)

export widgets.

B)

export both and import nothing.

C)

export and import nothing.

D)

E)

All of the above.

A

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5) Given the information in the table above, if the Home

economy suffered a meltdown, and the Unit Labor Requirements doubled to 30 for cloth and 60 for widgets then home should

A)

export cloth.

export widgets.

B)

C)

export both and import nothing.

export and import nothing.

D)

All of the above.

E)

A

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6) The earliest statement of the principle of comparative

advantage is associated with

David Hume.

A)

B)

David Ricardo.

Adam Smith.

C)

D)

Eli Heckscher.

Bertil Ohlin.

E)

B

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7) The Gains from Trade associated with the principle of

Comparative Advantage depends on

A)

the trade partners must differ in technology or tastes.

there can be no more goods traded than the number of

B)

trade partners.

there may be no more trade partners than goods traded.

C)

D)

All of the above.

None of the above.

E)

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A

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8) The Ricardian model demonstrates that

trade between two countries will benefit both countries.

A)

trade between two countries may benefit both regardless

B)

of which good each exports.

trade between two countries may benefit both if each

C)

exports the product in which it has a comparative

advantage.

trade between two countries may benefit one but harm the

D)

other.

None of the above.

E)

C

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3.

2

A One-Factor Economy

1) Given the following information:

(a) What is the marginal cost of a toy in each country?

(b) How might you demonstrate (quantitatively) that a

country with absolute productivity advantage in a product

may find that its production is more costly than in the

other (unproductive) country?

(c) Demonstrate the fact that trade produces imports

(indirectly) cheaper, even in the relatively unproductive

country.

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(a) 3 units of Soy in the U.S., and 1 Soy unit in

Croatia.

(b) The U.S. have absolute productivity advantage in

toys. Nevertheless, toys are three times more costly

than they are in Croatia.

(c) In Croatia, one unit of soy will cost one toy.

However, if the terms of trade fall between the two

autarkic price ratios (a condition necessary for both

countries to enjoy gains from trade), say at 2 Soy units

per toy, then Croatia will gain each Soy unit with less

of a sacrifice of toy production.

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3.

3

Trade in a One-Factor World

1) Given the information in the table above

neither country has a comparative advantage.

A)

Home has a comparative advantage in cloth.

B)

Foreign has a comparative advantage in cloth.

C)

Home has a comparative advantage in widgets.

D)

Home has a comparative advantage in both products.

E)

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B

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2) Given the information in the table above, if wages were to

double in Home, then Home should

A)

export cloth.

export widgets.

B)

export both and import nothing.

C)

export and import nothing.

D)

All of the above.

E)

A

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