2017高考英语总复习(专题攻略)之阅读理解 解题技巧之细节理解
高考英语阅读理解解题技巧之细节理解
在2008年高考阅读理解中，对细节理解类题型的考查同往年一样，依然占了较大的比例，全国及各省、市均有对此题型的考察，无一例外。
细节理解题要求考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节进行理解。它们大都是根据文章中的具体信息如事实、例证、原因、过程、论述等进行提问的。有些问题可以在文章中直接找到答案，有些则需要我们在理解的基础上将有关内容系统化才能找到，比如计算、排序、是非判断、图形比较等。
常见的命题方式通常有：
1.特殊疑问句形式。以when, where, what, which, who, how much/many等疑问词开头引出的问题；
2. 以是非题的形式。true /false, not true / false或EXCEPT；
3. 以According to… 开头提问方式；
4. 以填空题的形式，如：
（1）To avoid attracting mountain lions, people are advised.
（2）By the first sentence of the passage author means that.
（3）It seems that now a country’s economy depends much on.
（4）If you are interested in knowing about what people’s life will be, you may visit.
（5）The policemen were told “to look the other way” (the underlined part in Paragraph 2) so that .
（6）The policeman who sai d “Good evening” to Rolls wanted to.
5. 就文中数字、排序、识图等提问。
做细节理解题时，大多数学生易出现的问题是阅读速度太慢，缺乏一定的快速阅读技巧，考生要培养自己快速获取信息的能力。解答此类试题时，不必通篇细看原文，而常常可采取“带着问题找答案”的方法．先从问题中抓住关键性词语。然后以此为线索。要快速地辨认和记忆事实或细节，就要恰当地运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句．仔细品味，对照比较．确定答案。除了运用扫读法(scanning)外，还可以兼用排除法．将“无此细节”和“与此细节相反”的选项排除。
了解细节题干扰选项的特点也有助于考生提高答题的正确率。一般情况下，干扰项有如下几个特点：（1）是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容；（2）符合常识，但不是文章内容；
（3）与原文的内容极其相似，只是在程度上有些变动；（4）在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反；（5）部分正确，部分错误。
有的细节理解题只要直接辨认不要求读者对客观的事实作出解释或判断，只要求从阅读材料中直接获取信息。同时还要求读者记住重要细节，在必要的时候（做判断、推断或结论的时候）能够准确而迅速地将他们回忆起来。解此类题要求考生快速抓住原文中的关键信息，直接得出答案，但要注意往往答案与原文中的语句并非一模一样，而是用不同的词语或句型结构表达相同的意思。有的细节理解题就需要通过有关词语和句子的转换。利用主要事实、图表、图形来获取信息，然后利用因果、类比、时间、空间等关系将零碎的细节经过一系列加工、整理，方能做出正确的判断．此类试题在高考中占大多数。
值得一提的是，有时原文中的信息可能只是一个短语，甚至一个单词，因此需要我们在阅读中特别仔细才能捕捉到真正有用的信息。
细节理解题大致有如下几种常考题型：
1．描写类细节题
描写类细节题，常常考察考生对文中有关人物动作、思想感情、心理活动、观点，或事件的起因、发展、过程、结果等方面的理解。这类描写信息往往较直接，一般不太需要考生对它们进行较深入的理解，对于该类题，考生一般都可以较直接地从原文中找到与题目对应的有关信息。
例题
You either have it, or you don’t—a sense of direction, that is. But why is it that some people could find their way across the Sahara without a map, while others can lose themselves in the next street?
Scientists say we’re all born with a sense of direction, but it is not properly understood how it works. One theory is that people with a good sense of direction have simply worked harder at developing it. Research being carried out at Liverpool University supports this idea and suggests that if we don’t use is, we lose it.
“Children as young as seven have the ability to find their way around,” says Jim Martland, Researc h Director of the project. “However, if they are not allowed out alone or are taken everywhere by car, they never develop the skills.”
Jim Martland also emphasizes that young people should be taught certain skills to improve their sense of direction. He makes the following suggestions:
●If you are using a map, turn it so it relates to the way you are facing.
●If you leave your bike in a strange place, put it near something like a big
stone or a tree. Note landmarks on the route as you go away from your bike. When you return, go back along the same route.
●Simplify the way of finding your direction by using lines such as streets in
a town, streams, or walls in the countryside to guide you. Count your steps so that you know how far you have gone and note any landmarks such as tower blocks or hills which can help to find out where you are.
Now you need never get lost again!
65. Scientists believe that_______.
A. some babies are born with a sense of direction.
B. people learn a sense of direction as they grow older
C. people never lose their sense of direction
D. everybody possesses a sense of direction from birth
66. What is true of seven-year-old children according to the passage?
A. They never have a sense of direction without maps
B. They should never be allowed out alone if they lack a sense of direction
C. They have a sense of direction and can find their way around
D. They can develop a good sense of direction if they are driven around in
a car.
68. According to the passage, the best way to find your way around is to ________.
A. ask policemen for directions.
B. use walls, streams, and streets to guide yourself
C. remember your route by looking out for steps and stairs
D. count the number of landmarks that you see
【答案与解析】
65.选D。根据第二段首句可知：科学家认为我们生来就有方向感。
66.选C。根据第三段首句可知，七岁大的小孩就具备了辨别方向的能力。
68.选B。根据Jim Martland所给的第三条建议中的“… by using lines such as streets in a town, streams, or walls in the countryside to guide you.”即可得出答案。
2．数据计算题
此类试题一般要求考生能根据阅读材料中给出的有关数据，找出计算关系，通过计算，得出正确的结论。这类计算一般来说比较简单，关键是要弄清各数据间的逻辑关系，选准比较的数据，弄清单位换算关系，确定计算方法，问题便迎刃而解了。对于数据较多、项目复
杂用时间或空间跨度较大的短文，通常可采用“列表法”，即按一定的规律将数据分门别类地列出，化模糊为清晰，为计算打下基础。对于相对不太复杂的数据，可采用“推算法”，即以有关数据为基准，进行简单的运算就可得出。
例题
…
Tuition Fees (学费)
Tuition fees are different from department to department, generally from $5,000 to $6,000 a year. For further information: tui @ waikato．ac．nz.
Accommodation (住宿)
You can have a room in a 4-bedroom flat, which will cost about $100 a month with other regular living costs of about $150 a month for one person. For further information: acc@ waikato．ac．nz
…
69. You have to pay at least ______ a year if you study at the University of Waikato.
A. $5,250
B. $8,000
C. $9,000
D. $11,000
【答案与解析】选B。本篇是介绍新西兰Waikato大学的广告。从Tuition Fees (学费)：Tuition fees are different from department to department．generally from$5，000 to$6，000 a year. For further information：tui @https://www.360docs.net/doc/2b10295645.html, . Accommodation(住宿)：You can have a room in a4- bedroom fiat, which will cost about$100 a month with other regular living costs of about$150 a month for one person. For further information：acc @ waikato．ac．nz．可知答案为B。$5000(学费)+$100(住宿费)x12(months)+$150(生活费)x12=$8000．
3．排序题
这种试题要求考生根据事情发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件的正确顺序。做此类试题时可采用“首尾法定位法”，即找出事件发展的首与尾，迅速缩小范围，从而快速选出正确选项。或直接逐一用排除法按顺序排除，得出正确选项。
例题
…
People can use a home computer to make their shopping lists. Once at the store, a shopper can use a preferred customer card to start a system (系统) that will organize
the trip around the store. If you're looking for toothpicks, you type in the word or pick it from a list, and a map will appear on the screen showing where you are and where you can find them.
…
54. Which of the following is the correct order of shopping with the computerized shopping carts?
a. Start the system.
b. Make a shopping list.
c. Find the things you want.
d. Go to a self-checkout stand.
A. abdc
B. bacd
C. acbd
D. bcad
4．信息寻找题、广告阅读题
信息寻找题一般在应用文体中较常见，体现于查字典、阅读广告、公告、演出海报、车船航班时间表等之中。这类阅读材料包含的某一方面的信息非常全面，能满足各种人对信息的需求，但在高考试题中，常常是就某一方面提问，考生完全没有必要从头到尾仔细阅读，因为材料中有很多冗余无效信息。做此类题时，宜采用“题干定全法”。即：先阅读题干，然后根据问题要求，有针对性地阅读相关部分快速寻找有效信息。
广告是阅读理解题常考的一种题材。广告属应用文体。严格来说广告属快速寻找信息题。但是广告有着其他快速寻找信息题不同的特点。广告文体简洁明快，省略了大量的词语，达到了篇幅小、信息多的目的。同时具有语言精练，形象性、鼓动性强的良好效果。广告阅读题多为细节理解题，关键在于正确理解广告内容。考生必须具备较强的语言运用能力，熟悉文化背景，利用各种手段（如：补全、联想、推测等）正确解读广告的内容。通常运用“补全成分法”和“联想推测法”两种方法来解读广告的内容。做题方法同样采用“题干定向法”。
（1）补全成分法
省略名在广告体阅读材料中大量出现，可以说广告阅读理解材料中大多数句子都是省略句。我们应结合全文语境及逻辑关系将省略句补全，从而更加准确地理解。如：Driver wanted. 根据文义，可将该句补充为：A driver will be wanted. (招聘一名司机)。
（2）联想推测法
在些广告时间、日期、地点、电话、票价等用了缩略词，甚至一概没有提及，这就需要考生前后连贯，充分想象，整体理解。搜寻已知信息，推断语篇意义。
为节省篇幅，特别是在商业广告中，常使用缩写词，尽管有些缩写不太规范，但却常用，常见的缩写词有：
Tel. =telephone number
Ph. =phone Add (r). =address
co. =company Ltd=Limited
Max=maximum Min=minimum
hr=hour t=time
fig=figure ft=foot
ml=mile doz=dozen
Mt=Mountain P=page
prof. =professor Dr. =doctor
s=south n=north
w=west Sta=Station
pop=popular vs=versus
Xmas=Christmas info=information
VIP=very important persons hrs=hours
aft=after ad=advertisement
p/t=part time exp=experienced
PC=personal computer MA=Master of Arts
BS degree=bachelor's degree (学士学位)
例题
Welcome to Adventureland!
Everyone loves Adventureland! The Parks and Exhibitions were built for you to explore (探索) , enjoy, and admire their wonders. Every visit will be an unforgettable experience. You will go away enriched, longing to come back. What are you going to do this time?
The Travel Pavilion
Explore places you have never been to before, and experience different ways of life.
Visit the Amazon jungle village, the Turkish market, the Tai floating market, the Berber mountain house and others. Talk to the people there who will tell you about their lives, and things they make. You can try making a carpet, making nets, fishing …
The Future Tower
This exhibition shows how progress will touch our lives. It allows us to look into the future and explore the cities of the next century and the way we’ll be living then. Spend some time in our space station climb into our simulator (模拟装置) for the Journey to Mars!
The Nature Park
This is not really one park but several.
In the Safari Park you can drive among African animals in one of our Range Cruisers; see lions, giraffes, elephants in the wild. Move on to the Ocean Park to watch the dolphins and whales. And then there is still the Aviary to see…
The Pyramid
This is the center of Adventureland. Run out of film, need some postcards and stamps? For all these things and many more, visit our underground shopping centre. Come here for information and ideas too.
63. The Travel Pavilion is built to help visitors ________.
A. realize the importance of traveling
B. become familiar with mountain countries
C. learn how to make things such as fishing nets
D. learn something about different places in the world
64. If you are interested in knowing about what pe ople’s life will be, you may visit _______.
A. the Travel Pavilion
B. the Future Tower
C. the Safari Park
D. the Pyramid
65. If you want to get a toy lion to take home, where will you most likely go?
A. The Pyramid
B. The Nature Park.
C. The Future Tower
D. The Travel Pavilion
5. 图文转换题
此类试题要求根据短文中的描写找出相应的图形，或根据图形选出相应的文字。可采用“文字锁定法”，即找出描述图形的句段，按“文”锁“图”，迅速锁定相关图形，或用“图形标示法”，在图形中标出相应的内容，以便做题。
例题
The Home of My People
When Lewis and Clark stepped onto the Weippe Prairie in present-day Idaho in
September 1808, they met the Nez Perce Indians. In the following years, the white explorers（探险者）began to fight with the Indians for their land. Some Nez Perce chiefs signed agreements with the U.S. government, selling part of their lands. But the government always broke those agreements and demanded more land.
Other chiefs refused to go along with the government’s plans. The most famous was Chief Joseph, whose people lived in the Wallowa Valley（present-day Oregon）.
“In order to have all people understand how much land we owned, ”he once explained, “my father planted poles around it and said: ‘Inside is the home of my people…It circled around the graves（坟墓）of our fathers, and we will never give up these graves to any man. ’”
But in 1874, the U.S. government declared the valley open for white settlement and ordered the Nez Perce onto a reservation（保留地）. Seeing that resistance was useless, Chief Joseph agreed to move.
Later, fighting broke out between the Nez Perce and U.S. soldiers. Chief Joseph tried to lead his people to Canada, winning several battles against the soldiers during their flight. But finally, he was forced to give in.
56. Which historic site （on the map）lies in the south of today’s Nez Perce Reservation?
A. Buffalo Eddy.
B. Dug Bar.
C. Joseph Canyon Viewpoint.
D. Chief Looking Glass Camp.
57. What can we learn about the Nez Perce lands from the map?
A. They were in the state of Oregon.
B. They have become a historic site.
C. They have become much smaller.
D. They were limited to the Wallowa Valley.
6．表格理解题
表格阅读题需正确理解表格中所提供的内容，看懂行和列分别代表的意义，在正确理解的基础上才能做出正确的选择。通常情况下需要对表格的项目进行比较，找准正确的计算关系尤为重要。由于表格具有信息量大的特点，而有些信息与题干无关，如通篇阅读，既缺少针对性又浪费时间，一般采用“首读题干法”为上策，即先读题目要求，带着问题在表格里查找相关信息，去伪存真。如考查有关数据的相互关系，这就需要对各数据进行分析，找出隐含规律，此时常用“文表分析法”来提示其规律。
The above chart shows Japanese direct investment in Asian countries or areas (A、B、C、D, and E) from 1951 till 2003. The value of Japanese investment in manufacturing was roughly the same in Hong Kong and in the mainland of China, but in commerce and services Hong Kong was over China by seventy billion. In resources development, Japan didn’t show interest in Singapore and even smaller attention was paid to Taiwan, which received exactly one third as much money as Singapore. In total, the biggest investment by Japan was made in Indonesia.
1. We learn from the passage that the “A” in the chart stands for _____.
A. China
B. Singapore
C. Indonesia
D. Hong Kong
2. In total, Japan invested about 70 billion dollars more in Hong Kong than in ____.
A. Singapore
B. Indonesia
C. Taiwan
D. China
3. Japanese investment in resources development in Singapore was _____times that in Taiwan.
A. three
B. four
C. five
D. six
4. In manufacturing, Indonesia ranked ________.
A. first
B. second
C. third
D. fourth
5. According to the chart, we know _______ attracted Japan most.
A. manufacturing
B. resources development
C. commerce and services
D. others
【答案与解析】考查学生理解图表和结合文字叙述摄取有关信息的做题能力。此题首先要清楚A、B、C、D、E所代表的国家或地区。从“The value of Japanese investment in manufacturing was roughly the same in Hong Kong and in the mainland of China, ”可以知道A、E代表香港和中国大陆，从后一句“but in commerce and services Hong Kong was over China by seventy billion.”可以进一步确定A代表香港，E代表中国大陆。从“In resources development, Japan didn’t show interest in Singapore and even smaller attention was paid to Taiwan, which received exactly one third as much money as Singapore.”可以知道C是新加坡，B是台湾，D无疑就是印度尼西亚了，从最后一句“In total, the biggest investment by Japan w as made in Indonesia”也可得到印证。确定了这五个国家和地区，问题就迎刃而解了。答案：1-5 DDAAC
7．代词指代题解题技能
代词指代题要求考生一定的上下文推测代词的指代意义。此类题一般是在人物或事物关系比较复杂的情况下使用的一种题型，所以理清人物及事物之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。
例题1
…
The theory is supported by the facts that, so far, none of the stolen cars have been returned. Also, the amount of money demanded-under 3,000 Taiwanese dollars
–seems too little for a car worth many times more.
Demands for pigeon-delivered money stopped as soon as the press reported the story. And even if they start again, Chen holds little hope of c atching the criminal. “We have more important things to do, ” he said.
52. The underlined word “they” in the last paragraph refers to _____.
A. criminals
B. pigeons
C. the stolen cars
D. demands for money
例题2
…
Many creative thinkers state that they have completely devoted themselves to the subject matter of the problem, often over fairly long periods of time. Indeed, it would be strange if they had not done this. Nothing in such statements supports the idea that there is anything very different about the problem solving that leads to discoveries of the great contributions to the society. The act of discovery, even in the relatively predictable (可以预见的) sense that it occurs in everyday learning, involves (涉及) a “sudden insight” which changes the pro blem situation into a solution situation. As we have seen, everyday discovery also requires that the learner have the knowledge of the rules gained in the past, which is involved in the solution.
54. What does the underlined word “this” refer to?
A. Great contributions to the society
B. Long-time study of the subject matter.
C. Various statements about problem solving.
D. Complete devotion to artistic creation.
【答案与解析】选B。这里的this指代前面的内容，从本段的第一句可以看出，其指代的是Long-time study of the subject matter。
2017年高考英语生态环保类阅读理解.
话题七:生态环保类 (一 The need to feed a growing population is putting much pressure on the world's supply of water. With 97% of the world's water too salty to be drunk or used in agriculture, the worldwide supply of water needs careful management, especially in agriculture. Although the idea of a water shortage(短缺 seems strange to someone fortunate enough to live in a high rainfall country, many of the world's agricultural industries experience constant water shortages. Although dams can be built to store water for agricultural use in dry areas and dry seasons, the costs of water redistribution(重新分配 are very high. Not only is there the cost of the engineering itself, but there is also an environmental cost to be considered. Where valleys(山谷 are flooded to create dams, houses are lost and wildlife homes destroyed. Besides, water may flow easily through pipes to fields, but it cannot be transported from one side of the world to the other. Each country must therefore rely on the management of its own water to supply its farming requirements. This is particularly troubling for countries with agricultural industries in areas dependent on irrigation (灌溉 . In Texas, farmers' overuse of irrigation water has resulted in a 25% reduction of the water stores. In the Central Valley area of southwestern USA, a huge water engineering project provided water for farming in dry valleys, but much of the water use has been poorly managed. Saudi Arabia's attempts to grow wheat in desert areas have seen the pumping of huge quantities of irrigation water from underground reserves. Because there is no rainfall in these areas, such reserves can only decrease, and it is believed that fifty years of pumping will see them run dry. 1. From the first two paragraphs we learn that________.
高考英语阅读理解专项训练100篇(附答案)
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3．对症下药，各个击破。了解全文的大概意思之后，再把短文的问题简单看一遍，弄懂题意，然后带着问题再去寻读全文。这次阅读过程中要善于抓文章中的关键词句。寻读也就是迅速的查找需要了解的信息，是为某些特定的问题而阅读，因此阅读时要有较强的针对性，对与问题有关的数据，词句等仔细阅读，认真理解，同时结合不同考查内容的题型，采取如下解题对策： （1）事实询问题：这类试题通常是以疑问词what，who，when，where，why，how 等引起的特殊问句，就文章中某一词语、某一句子、某一段落或某一具体细节和事实进行提问。解答此类试题首先要弄清题目和每一个选项的含义，然后按题目要求寻找与之相关的细节，正确估计答案来源，同时注意题目和文章中的暗示作用。特别注意辨别各种信息，确认各种信息。 （2）推理判断题：此题要求我们通过表面文字信息去推测文章隐含的意思，对文章的发展情节及作者的态度、意图等做出合乎逻辑的的推理判断。这种题要求我们在阅读时要抓住文章的主题和细节、从分析文章的结构入手，根据上下文的内在联系，充分挖掘文章的深层含义。对暗含在文章中事件的因果关系，人物的动机，以及作者未言明的倾向、态度、意图、观点进行合乎逻辑的推理、分析和判断。同时善于抓住文中实质性的东西，不要被带假象的表面信息或似是而非的东西所迷惑。并且注意推断作者态度时要力求从作者的态度、观点去思考，切勿想当然，凭个人的观点习惯看法来回答的问题。 （3）数据推算题：此题要求我们就文章提供的数据，以及数据与文章中其他信息的关系做出计算和推断，然后做出选择。这就要求我们解题时，要在理解好题意的前提下去对与数据有关的信息认真分析，若数据信息较多，还要注意弄清数据之间的关系，同时分清有用与无用信息，最终作出正确判断。 （4）主旨大意题：此题用以考查我们对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。在解答此类试题时要注意每段的中心句，抓住每一段的主题句。一般主题句都用来表达一段主旨大意，因此，只要找准每段的主题句，文章的中心思想和文章的最佳标题也就不难确定了。
高考英语阅读理解中的提问方式及解题方法
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高考英语阅读理解解题技巧及经典题型
（一）阅读是获得更综合、更复杂、更精确信息的必要手段，考生在做阅读理解时，不仅要看懂文章的字面意思，还需要针对不同题材和体裁的篇目运用不同的方法作出正确的选择。一般来说，词汇、阅读速度和理解能力是阅读理解中三个最重要且有相互联系的因素。 阅读的方法可以使用以下几种： 1.跳读：就是快速的一步阅读法。实际上是有选择阅读，找关键词。用这种阅读方法回答who、what、when、where之类的问题最为有效。 2.略读：指比跳读慢些的二步阅读法。即泛泛地、粗略地快速阅读，目的是了解大意，对文章有个总的概念。此种阅读方法能回答why、how之类的问题。 3.精读：即最细致、最慢的深层阅读方法，目的是求得对所读文章的全部意义的理解与掌握。 在使用阅读技巧时尽量做到以下几点： 1.带着问题阅读短文。 2.找出主题句、确定中心思想。 3.推断单词、句子和文章的含义。 4.尽快选择答案。 （二）不同体裁文章的特点及解题技巧 1.记叙文 记叙文又可分传记类和故事类。传记类文章在阅读中时间是全文的关键，根据时间我们可以找到相关的事件，抓住文章的主要内容。故事类文章情节性较强，阅读时要注意故事中的时间、地点、人物和发生的事件，这些都是文章中的主要内容和信息，对于准确理解文章十分重要。 2.说明文 说明文是对事物的形状、性质、特征、成果或功用等进行介绍，解释或阐述的文章。把握所说明事物的特征和本质是理解说明文的关键。说明事物特征的方法很多，主要有定义法、解释法、比较法、比喻法、数字法、图表法、引用法和举例法等。 ●数字说明文 在阅读数字说明文时要特别注意文中数字的含义，从这些数字中可以找到文章的主要内容。 ●解释说明文
高考英语阅读理解解题方法(四个方法)
高考英语阅读理解——出题与解题方法（杨老师） 应用文（抓题干）广告、通知记叙文（划时、人、事）说明文（找主题句）特点：分值重，知识广，篇幅大，用时多。题型上主要有细节题、推理题、主旨题、猜词题等。 开卷准备：九字真诀不要怕，划一划（划主题，难句，划核心词），X一X（答题时） 一、细节理解题（标记定位法） 一般只针对某个特定的细节，题型可以多种多样。此类题型一般分两种。第一种是直接理解题(细1)，在原文中可以直接找到答案。第二种是词义转换题(细2)，正确选项是原文有关词语和句子的转换。做此类试题一定要抓住事件发生的时间、地点、人物、发展过程和结局等环节，所选答案切不可望文生义。特别注意句子的逻辑关系。如：表因果的because, since, as等；表转折的but, however ,on the contrary, on the other hand等等。 二、推理判断题（用细节推） 考查考生根据已知信息做出合理的推断或判断，包括要求考生体会作者的态度、观点、意图等。常用提问方式有：We can infer/learn from the（last） paragraph that. It can be concluded from the passage that. The passage implies/suggests that. What can be concluded from the passage? The author's purpose of writing the passage is.这需要学生读懂原文，完全理解文中的细节信息，对其进行分析、推算，从而得出正确的结论。 三、语义猜测题（构词法、语境法） 要注意从以下三个方面着手： 1）标点符号或同位语部分，and或or猜 2）根据对比、因果关系猜 but，however，yet，otherwise，though这些表转折，because, since与as是连接原因状语从句的从属连词， 3）根据构词法知识猜测词义：UN- IN- IM-- dis mis 派生，合成，转化，缩略，知道词根和前缀或后缀的意义，就可猜出组成的新词词义。 Because you can’t see or even hear the person, it would be easy for someone to misrepresent himself/herself. 四、主旨大意题（重点）哪怕没读懂全文，懂了中心句，一样能做对题 （寻找主题句）文章主题与段落主题 一般来说，文章主题都在第一段或最后一段表明。某一段的主题句也常出现在段首或段尾，而且常有一些表归纳关系的信号词，如in short, In a word, in brief, to sum up, to conclude等。 其常用提问方式主要有：What is the main idea/topic of the passage? The central point of the selection is that. The author is mainly concerned with. The passages mainly about等。
(完整版)2017年高考英语阅读理解练习题7.
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项中,选出最佳选项。 A To American visitors, Iceland is a very interesting country, partly because it is different in so many ways from what he or she is used to seeing at home. There are quite a few things that are not done, or that do not exist on the island —quite a few "No's". There is no pollution, for instance. No dogs are permitted in Reykjavik, the capital. There is no television on Thursdays or during the entire month of July, and only three hours of black-and-white TV the rest of the time. There is no hard liquor on Wednesdays and no beer at any time. There are no handguns; only one jail of thirty-five cells in the entire land —an admirable figure, even for a small country of 313,376 people. There is no army, air force or navy. There is no tipping for anything. There are no large stores open on Saturdays or Sundays. Since Iceland is situated just under the Arctic Circle, there is no darkness in summer and no daylight in winter. But thanks to Gulf Stream, the climate is rather mild, with temperatures ranging from 34 degrees Fahrenheit to 52 degrees in July. The rules on television, liquor, and guns are the result of governmental decision. But the absence of pollution is due in great part to the fact that Iceland gets its power from the enormous geyser(间歇泉and the thousands of hot springs that come out of the ground. They provide all the energy needed by the country. In fact, Iceland uses only 3 percent of all its available power. Iceland has been described as a democratic independent country where more fish are caught and more books published per person than anywhere else in the world. The Icelanders have always felt a particular love for literature. They composed their first works in the ninth and tenth centuries AD. These works were poems and tales about the kings, heroes, and heroines of Iceland and Norway. At first the stories were memorized
(英语)高三英语阅读理解专项训练及答案
（英语）高三英语阅读理解专项训练及答案 一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 The setting was a packed gymnasium just before the start of a game against another school. There were five girls who were members of the Danville High School basketball team—all of them starters. They were not in uniform to play that night and would not be on the team for the rest of this season. They were there to admit their breaking of team rules. They were there to support their coach's decision to take them off the team. They were there to let the town know there was a problem in their little community that needed to be addressed. And they did it with sincere regret rather than defensiveness. While the school had been out for the New Year's holiday, the five girls had gone to the party with several of their friends. There was alcohol there. And they all drank some. Coach Rainville has a zero tolerance rule on drugs and alcohol for her members though it was a hard decision to make. When classes resumed and accounts of holiday parties were shared, rumors about the five girls began closing in on them. The coach said she couldn't back down on her rules. And the players—two junior students and three senior students—agreed. That night in the gym was part of their public support of the coach's decision. “We hope you will understand that we are not bad kids. What we did was definitely not worth it. We hope this event will make everyone realize that there is a big drug and alcohol problem in our community,” one of the senior students said, “And if you work with us to try to solve this problem, you will help us feel that we have not been thrown off our basketball team for nothing.” The five left the floor to deafening applause. The team may not win another game this year. But they've learnt something about personal responsibility, the effect of one's action on others, and honesty that will serve them well throughout life. （1）It can be inferred from the passage that the five girls who were kicked off the team were ________. A. very good players on the team B. addicted to alcohol and drugs C. three junior students and two senior students D. scolded by their parents for drinking alcohol （2）What did the girls do to support their coach's decision? A. They didn't fight for Danville High School any more. B. They all gave speeches to apologize in the local press. C. They admitted their mistake in public in the gymnasium. D. They would never drink any alcohol throughout their life. （3）Which word best describes the coach Rainville? A. Indifferent. B. Strict. C. Stubborn. D. Cruel. （4）Which would be the best title for the passage? A. Growing up with pain B. A bad mistake C. Team rules are everything D. Basketball girls in high school 【答案】（1）A
高三英语阅读理解-推理判断题解题策略+
高三英语阅读理解推理判断题命题方式与技巧点拨 高考英语阅读理解考纲关于阅读理解部分考纲要求： 阅读部分要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说 明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）理解文中具 体信息；（3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；（4）做出判断和推理；（5）理解文章的基本结构；（6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。 高考英语阅读理解常见的设题形式有：细节理解题、推理判断题、词意猜测题、主 旨大意题。本节主要解决推理判断题解题策略。 推理判断题解题指导： ■考点突破 一、命题方式： 推理判断是指在理解原文字面意义的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的 暗示，做出一定的判断和推理，从而得出文章的深层意义及隐含意义的过程。主要考查 考生理清上下文逻辑关系的能力以及考生的识别能力。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中 某一句话，也可能是某几句话，要求考生在遵循原文意义的基础上，对文章字面信息进 行分析、挖掘、逻辑推理，揭示其深层含义。 推理判断题的命题区间往往出现在以下几个方面： ◆文章或者段落的首尾部分。这一部分往往会引出文章的主题，总结全文或者全段 内容，通常也会设计推理判断题； ◆引言部分。议论文或者说明文中作者经常引用他人语言来支撑自己的观点，引用 的内容可能从正面或者反面来支持作者的观点，引文的字里行间隐含的渗透的内容往往 也是命题人设题的依据； ◆结论建议处。命题人往往在文章中出现the study suggests, the research indicates, the report shows 等类似结论、建议性表达方式时，此处通常是文章中提到的研究结果或者报 告的结论，命题人往往在此设置推理判断题 ◆表达观点态度处。在作者表达观点态度的地方往往设置推理判断题。文中出现 doubt, appreciate, hate, prefer ,against等表达观点态度的部分，以及一些带有感情色彩的特 殊句式，例如感叹句、反问句等。 1.细节推断 细节推断要求考生根据文章内容，推断具体的细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人 物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。考生 要把握文章的内在关系，理解文章的真正含义，然后作出判断。题干中常出现infer（推断），indicate（象征，暗示），imply（暗示），suggest（暗示）.conclude（作出结论），assume （假定，设想）等词。主要设题方式有： It can be inferred from the passage that________. The author strongly suggests that________ It can be concluded from the passage that________. The writer implies but not directly states that________
2011高考英语必看之-英语阅读理解技巧
英语阅读理解技巧 阅读理解始终是外语学习和考试重点。 一．阅读理解的测试要点如下： 1．理解主旨大意； 2．寻读具体信息； 3．理解细节； 4．根据上下文提供的语境，推测生词词义，进而加深对文段的理解； 5．简单的判断和理解； 6．理解文段的基本逻辑结构； 7．理解作者的意图和态度； 8．理解文段的文化信息； 9．理解图表信息； 10．理解指代关系。 从高考命题的实际情况看，命题者常用下述方法提问： 1．What is the purpose of the text? 2．What does the author mainly tell US about in the passage? 3．What can we infer from the passage? 4．What can be inferred from the passage? 5．It can be concluded from the text that ? 6．What can we learn from the text? 7．What is the general idea/main idea of the text? 8. The passage mainly focuses on ? 9. What is the main subject discussed in the text? 10. It can be inferred from the passage that? 11. It can be inferred from the that the author seems to? 12. What is the best title of the text/for the article? 13. The best title for this passage is? 14. What can we infer from the last/the first two paragraphs? 15. The meaning of the word/sentence in Paragraph X is related to? 16. In Paragraph X, "X X X" can be replaced by?
最新2017高考英语阅读(完整版)
最新2017高考英语阅读(完整版)
高考英语阅读 文体类型及阅读理解答题技巧 一、英语阅读文体类型简析 高考英语阅读常见的文体类型有：记叙文、议论文、说明文和应用文。 1、记叙文 英语记叙文以描写叙述为主，主要描写人物、事件、地点、或过程。特点是，其主题往往潜伏在字里行间，没有直接地表白出来；文章主旨要透过体察所揭示的人物、事件来进行提炼。描写手法大多按时间跨度、空间顺序、上下顺序来展开。阅读记叙文体应采取略读和扫读的方法，快速抓住文中描写的主要内容，从整体上去把握文章的连贯性，进而大体上揣测出作者的写作意图及情感主线。高考阅读就记叙文设题大多以细节理解为主。 2、议论文 英语议论文通常为三段式，即“论点、论据、结论”三部份组成。首先借助某一现象引出论点，然后通过一定论据从各个层面上加以推理论证，最后得出结论。议论文体主要考查学生对论点及论据的把握。因此，遇到议论文体时，应采取抓主题句的方法来把握文章主旨，弄清作者的观点。一般来说，作者的论点通常在文章首段被引出，接着是对这一论点的逻辑推理和论证，最后为结论。还应注意的是：在对论点论证的过程中，每一段的首句都是该段的主题句。把握全文论点、弄清论证各段的主题句、理解文章层次、找出中心论点的位置是理解议论文的关键。 就议论文而言，其论证的常见结构方式有： 1，总分式总---分；分----总；总----分---总； 2，并列式几个论据之间属于平等关系； 3，递进式几个论据之间属于递进关系； 4，对照式把两种事物加以对比，以彰显其中一种。 3、说明文 英语说明文的总体结构通常为三部份，说明对象、说明过程和归纳总结。常见的说明方法： 1，定义与诠释说明； 2，举例与引用说明； 3，分类与图表说明； 4，比较与比喻说明； 5，分析与综合说明； 就高考英语说明文的阅读而言，首先要抓住文章说明的要点，也就是要抓住被说明对象的实质性特征；弄清作者从哪个角度、哪个层面开始说明；并明白文章最后的说明结论。高考说明文阅读材料通常介绍最新科技、重大成就、生活时尚、流行现象等。了解说明文的写作手法、说明方法，理清短文结构及段落中心思想是答题关键。 4、应用文
高考英语阅读理解专项训练及答案及解析
高考英语阅读理解专项训练及答案及解析 一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is gaining global popularity. According to a government white paper, TCM has been introduced in 183 countries and regions around the world. Westerners' understanding of TCM, however, may be limited to acupuncture, cupping and massage(针灸，拔罐和按摩). For instance, the purple, injury-like marks left on U. S. swimmer Michael Phelps，back from cupping for the purpose of relaxing his muscles and reducing pain became the center of attention during the Rio Olympics in 2016. As a matter of fact, Chinese herbs play a more important role in getting rid of diseases and keeping the body in good condition in the TCM treatment system than physical treatment. It is therefore disheartening to know that while 103 World Health Organization member countries have given approval to the practice of acupuncture, not many recognize Chinese herbal medicine. TCM falls far behind Western medicine owing partly to the slow development of Chinese herbs. Herbs are made into pills, powder and soup, and the kind of herbs used, their quality and quantity, and the processing of the ingredients (原材料) jointly determine the effectiveness of the prescription. Compared with Western medicine, which has standardized drug production processes and treatment methods, TCM lacks standardization, with the chemical composition and functions of its medicines being unclear and their effects being unstable. Fortunately, standardization has improved in recent decades, with an increasing number of factories producing patented TCM drugs. Another factor that has prevented the development of TCM prescription drugs is the lack of creativity. While Western medicine-making companies come up with new products every year, TCM drug producers tend to make medicines according to prescriptions handed down from the past. Chinese chemist Tu Youyou's winning the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for her research into malaria (疟疾) treatment may drive creativity to some extent in China's TCM industry. However, the current state of affairs cannot be changed within a short time. （1）Why does the author mention the example of Michael Phelps? A. Because he was injured in his swimming. B. Because cupping is a kind of important TCM treatment. C. Because westerners know a little about TCM. D. Because westerners attach great importance to TCM. （2）Why don't some member countries of WHO recognize Chinese herbal medicine? A. Because Chinese herbs can get rid of diseases. B. Because they only approve the practice of acupuncture. C. Because Western medicine is more effective. D. Because medicine made out of Chinese herbs develops slowly. （3）Compared with Western medicine, what is the weak point of TCM in Paragraph 4? A. The methods of planting herbs. B. The effectiveness of prescription. C. Lacking in standardization. D. Its stable functions.
【阅读】高中英语阅读理解题型及解题技巧
阅读理解能力测试的主要要求是： 1．阅读材料，理解材料的主旨大意，以及用以说明主旨大意的事实和细节。2．既理解具体的事实，也理解抽象的概念。 3．既理解文章的字面意思，也理解深层含义，包括作者的态度、意图等。 4．既理解某句、某段的含义，也理解全篇的逻辑关系，并据此进行推理和判断。5．既能根据所提供的信息去理解，也能结合中学生应具有的常识去理解判断。 根据这五项要求，我们可将阅读理解多项选择题归纳为以下几种题型：主题主旨大意，细节理解题，综合推理题，概括归纳题，观点归纳题，人物评价题，词义句义理解题，指代关系题，内容排序题等。 下面结合自己平时教学中的经验体会，谈一谈做英语阅读理解题的技巧与策略。 一．主旨大意题 阅读理解首先要做到的就是掌握所读材料的主旨和大意，它是全文的概括与总结。能否抓住这个中心，取决于读者的总结能力。每篇短文都有其主题思想，而作者表现主题思想的手法各不相同。这就需要我们挖掘相同点，寻找解题的方法。 常见题型： 1．主题型： What’s the main idea of this passage ? What does this passage mainly discuss? What’s the topic of this passage ? 2．标题型： What’s the best title? The best title for this text is (to tell ) ————. 3．目的型： The main purpose of this text is ————. The author’s purpose o f writing this text is to ————. What’s the main purpose of the passage?