2020新译林版高一英语必修三第一单元语法讲解(讲练结合)

【单元语法】省略

省略的应用

应

用

语境感知边学边练

一在简单句中的应用1.祈使句的省略。在祈使句中通常省略主语。

(You)Do be careful of such things in the

future.今后一定要小心此类事情。

(You)Speak a little slower. I can't follow

you.你讲慢一点,我听不清楚。

2.在一些口语中可以省略某些句子成分。

(Is there) Anything else?(还有)其他东西吗?

3.疑问句的答语省略。为避免重复而省略疑

问句的答语,这也是常见的一种句式省略。

—Are you a student? ——你是一名学

生吗?

—Yes,I am (a student). ——是的,我是

(一名学生)。

4.感叹句的省略。目的是突出感叹的部分。

What a beautiful girl (she is)!(她是)多漂亮

的女孩呀!

(1)单句语法填空

①(天津高考政编)- Mary's been offered a job in a

university,but she doesn't want to take it.

—But ? It's a very good chance.

(2)写出下列句子的省略部分

②( )Any questions?

③—Are yo tired?

—Yes, I am( ).

④ What a hot day( )!

二在并列句中的应用在并列句中,如果后面的分句与前面的分句

有相同的部分,后一部分则常被省略掉,以免

重复。

He teaches English and his brother(teache

s) maths.

他教英语,他弟弟教数学。

Your advice made me happy, but (your a

dvice made)Tom angry.

你的建议使我高兴但使汤姆生气。

(1)单句语法填空

①(全国卷Ⅱ改编)Jane won' t join us for dinner ton

ight and Tom won't .

(2)合并句子

②My shirt is white. His shirt is blue.

③Tom turned on the radio.Tom listened to English.

三在主从复合句中的应用1.宾语从句中,连词that常省略,但当有多个并

列宾语从句时,只能省略第一个that。

I know(that) she Is a teacher and that she

is an excellent writer.

我知道她是一个老师,也是一个优秀的作家。

2.表示条件、时间、地点、方式或让步等的

状语从句的谓语含有be动词,且主语又和主

句的主语一致,或者主语是it时,常把从句的

主语连同be动词一起省略。

If so(=If it is so), you must go back and

get it

如果是这样的话,你必须回去把它拿来。

Look out for cars when crossing the street

(1)单句语法填空

①(福建高考改编) The climate here is quite pleasan

t,the temperature rarely, ever, reaching 30℃ in su

mmer.

②(湖南高考改编) Children,when (accompan

y) by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadiu

m.

(2)句型转换(每空一词)

③When you are listening to your teacher, you mus

t be careful.

→When careful your teacher, you must b

e careful.

④You shouldn't come to his party unless you are i

nvited.

→You shouldn't come to his party unless .

(=when you are crossing the street).

过街时要当心车辆。

3.定语从句中的省略。若引导限制性定语从句的关系代词在从句中作宾语,该关系代词一般可省略。

The car( which/that) his father gave him a s a birthday present was stolen.

他父亲送给他的作为生日礼物的那辆汽车被盗了。⑤I bought two books in the bookstore and they ar

e very Interesting.

→ The two books

in the bookstore are very interesting.

四不定式的省略1.并列的不定式可以省略后面的不定式符号

to。但若两个不定式之间表示对比关系时,不

能省略to。

The book is intended to be read and not

(to) be torn.

这本书是供人阅读的而不是供人撕毁的。

The purpose of new technologies is to ma

ke life easier,not to make it more difficult.

新技术的目的是要让生活更轻松自在,而不

是让生活更困难。

2.某些使役动词,如make,let,have等和感官动

词,如see, watch, notice, observe等后面作

宾补的不定式须省略to,但若这些动词用于

被动语态,则to不能省略。

My mother wouldn't let me go to see the fi

lm

我妈妈不会让我去看那部电影的。

He was noticed to leave the office.

有人注意到他离开了办公室。

3.不定式to后面的内容也可承前省略,此时所

省略的成分相当于do so,但一定要有上下文

语境。但倘若承前省略的不定式含有作助动

词用的have,be的任何形式,to后要保留原形

have和be。

—Would you like to study English with m

e?

—Yes, I'd like to (study English with yo

u).

(1)单句语法填空

①(全国卷Ⅰ改编) The driver wanted to park his c

arnear the roadside but was asked by the police no

t .

(2)完成句子

②H e w i l l g o t o B e i j i n g t o m o r r o w i f h

e (被允许).

③—Did you buy milk?

—No, (我本打算买的),but the shop was s

hut.

④The workers were

(被迫加班).

⑤We have nothing to do now

(除了等).

⑥I m really puzzled

.

(怎么想,怎么说).

——你愿意和我一起学英语吗?

——是的,我非常愿意(和你一起学英语)。

She has succeeded in the final examination but in fact,she ought to have( succeeded i n the final examination)

她在期末考试中取得了成功,而实际上,她本

就该获得成功。

4.介词but, except(除了)前有实义动词do的具体形式时,后面的不定式不带to。

He could do nothing but give in to the robb er.他只能屈服于劫匪了。

五替代性省略1.在一些交际用语中, think, suppose, expec

t,believe, guess,,hope等后常用so,not替代上

文出现的内容。

—Do you believe he lied? ——你相信

他撒谎了吗?

—I believe not/that he didn't lie. ——我

不相信。

2.so,nor, neither常用于句首替代前面提到的

情况。

If Joe's wife won't go to the party, neithe

r will he

如果乔的妻子不去参加晚会,那乔也不会去

3.if so; if any中的so和any用来替代前面的

情况。

完成句子

①—Everyone believes the plan is practical. What a

bout you?

— (我不这么认为).

②—Do you think he will win the game?

— (我希望不).

③Bill wasn't happy about the delay of the report

of Jason, and

(我也不满意).

【答案】

一、(1)①why (2)② Are there ③tired ④it is

二、(1)① either (2)②My shirt is white and his blue ③Tom turned on the radio and listened to English

三、(1)①if ②accompanied (2)③ listening to ④ invited ⑤I bought

四、(1)①to (2)② is allowed to ③ I meant to ④ made to overwork ⑤ but wait ⑥ how to think and

say

五、①I don' t think so ② I hope not ③ neither was I