最新暨南大学研究生英语读写译答案
《研究生英语读写译教程》练习参考答案及参考译文
注意：
《研究生英语读写译教程》第二次印刷做了以下更改：
1 PP95倒数第四行的edi f ion 改成edition；并将练习全部移至第96页
2 PP87 省略法
第一句话去掉，改为：
省略是指在翻译时按意义、修辞和句法等方面的需要省略或减少部分词语使译文更加精炼、更符合汉语的表达习惯。
去掉（一）中的第二个例句，用下句替换：
John had many wonderful ideas, but he only put a few into practice.约翰有很多好想法，但是只有少数付诸实践。
3 PP97 将LEAD-IN QUESTION部分4A换成下句：
Science is nothing but developed perception, interpreted intent, common sense rounded out and minutely articulated. (George Santayana)
参考译文：
科学只不过是发展了的知觉（科學只不過是深化了的洞悉），经过诠释的含义，经过整理、表达详细的常识。
4 PP106 Comprehension第一题中的"humanity"改为“the humanities“
第一部分：各课练习答案
UNIT ONE STAY HUNGRY. STAY FOOLISH. COMPREHENSION
1 He dropped out of Reed College because he did not see the value of it. (The answer to the second part of the question is open.)
2 Life was tough –he slept on the floor in friends’ rooms, he returned coke bottles and he walked 7 miles to get one good free meal…
3 He cited the example to demonstrate that what he had learned in his calligraphy class worked when designing the first Macintosh computer.
4 Jobs’ first story tells that the dots will somehow connect in your future. (What you have learned/experienced might help in your future career.)
5 He was publicly out. (The company that he and Woz established dismissed him.) The fact that he still loved what he did made him start over again.
6 He has learned a good lesson from his failure.
7 Do the things we love to do.
8 Open.
9 Open.
10 Open. (We should always want more, never be content and when we want to do something that others say is foolish, do it anyway.)
VOCABULARY AND STRUCTURE
A
1 naively
2 curiosity
3 combination
4 let down
5 vision
6 baton
7 creative
8 mirror
9 trap 10 invention
B
1 drowned out
2 tuition
3 Commencement
4 deposit
5 typography
6 make way for
7 animation
8 intuition
9 destination 10 diverge
C
1 follow: orders, rules, advice, fads, an ideal, one’s instinct
2 trust in: honesty, the Lord, power, intuition, sixth sense
3 wear out, fade out, put out, make out, get out, break out
4 play writer/playwright, speedwriter, blog writer, letter writer, editorial writer
5 habitual, textual, accentual, sexual, spiritual, conceptual
6 shocking, stunning, eye-catching, astonishing, striking, dazzling
D 1 an 2 great 3 the 4 to 5 √ 6 that 7 √8 been 9 been 10 in
TRANSLATION
A
1热烈的鼓掌2波涛汹涌的海面3熟睡4烟瘾大的人5油腻而难消化的食物6烈酒7悲痛的消息8沉闷冗长的读物9〈化〉重水
10他在一家法国银行拥有外国人账户。
11那老实的男孩毫无隐讳地说明了他的行为。
12他突然感到一阵莫明其妙的不安情绪。
13脚踩两条凳,早晚要坠地（即：脚踏两条船）。
14骄者必败。
15 我们遇到一对从巴黎来的夫妇，他们很有趣。
B 见译文部分。
P.19 EX. A
1.I was asked to do the assignment. So I think there are three reasons for the failure in the
experiment.
2.Although I worked hard to acquire more knowledge, I couldn’t improve my English.
3.Though…..
4.therefore---However
5.If we compare the number of people who worked in this department between 2001 and 2003,
it only increased from five people to twenty but the orders were twice more.
6.We have three ways of recruitment. The first is the recruitment agency, which we used two
years ago. The expenditure was very high and the people provided were not very suitable.
The second is online recruitment. We have never used this method before, so we cannot say this is good or not. However, online recruitment is risky because of the unbelievable resources of the applicants.
7.are-is
8.including---include
9.has a negative impact,
have a positive and powerful effect
10. There never seems to be anything worth watching on television. Young people tend to listen to the radio more than older age groups while older people find it more enjoyable to chat with people of their age.
UNIT TWO TWO TRUTHS TO LIVE BY COMPREHENSION
1.According to Rabbi Alexander Schindler, we should hold fast to many gifts such
as beauty, love.
2.The author exploits the parable of open and closed hand in the very beginning of
the text to control the idea of the whole text. “Life is a paradox”, because it encourages us to grasp its many gifts although it predetermines their final
disappearance.
3.The author tells the audience his experience in hospital to prove the fact that
people are indifferent to the grandeur of each day, and nobody sees the beauty of sunlight or responds to it.
4.According to the author, people are reluctant to accept losses and failures because
they think that the world is theirs to command especially when they are young. 5.Since all of us will perish in the end, we must seek a wider perspective, viewing
our lives as through windows that open on eternity, whereby to reconcile on life’s paradoxical demands. Though our lives are finite, our deeds on earth weave a timeless pattern.
6.Life is a process. During the process, we should hold fast to life, but not so fast
that we cannot let go; we must accept our losses, and learn how to let go.
7.According to the author, we should pursue the ideal, for ideals alone invest life
with meaning and are of enduring worth.
8.Alexander Schindler encourages the students to exalt above their personal
considerations and to perfect the present world.
9.There is strong religious color in the text. Alexander Schindler asks us to hold fast
to God’s gifts, to be reverent before each dawning day, to view our lives as through windows that open on eternity, and to add religion to the humblest of edifices.
10.The author delivers this speech to the university students in order to teach them
how to cope with life’s paradoxical problems in a wise way, and what to pursue. VOCABULARY AND STRUCTURE
A
1. renounce
2. tender
3. petty
4. relish
5. gleaned
6. abounds in
7. parable
8. evanescent
9. redeem 10. sanctuary
B
1. indifference to
2. Preoccupied
3. redeem
4. cling ing to
5. relentless
6. paradox
7. ordained
8. wanes
9. exalted
10. dawn/have dawned on
C
1.the meaning the opportunity the door happiness the purpose
2. the question the jokes the advertisement the film the lecture
3. run drive speak sail stick
4. arrival survival refusal approval renewal
5. restless priceless endless homeless aimless
6. widen quicken deepen lengthen shorten
D
1. on
2. CORRECT
3. for
4. of
5. CORRECT
6. supply
7. CORRECT
8. there
9. have 10. down
TRANSLATION
A
1成功与否取决于她的努力。2她把窗子打开，让新鲜空气进来。
3他不抽烟，但他父亲烟抽得很凶
4人们之所以关注历史研究的方法，主要是因为史学家们内部分歧过大，其次才是因为外界并不认识历史是一门学科。
5由于人口的猛增或大量人口流动（现代交通工具使大量人口流动变得相对容易）所造成的种种问题也会增加社会压力。
6只要拨对了号码，你就可以在家里电视机上选看到有远方城市一座图书馆发出的预先录制的一出戏、一堂打高尔夫球的讲课，或者一次物理学演讲。
7只要一发现有可能反对他的人，他就本能地要用他的魅力和风趣将这人争取过来。
8她苍白的脸色清楚地表明了她那时的心情。
9独立思考对学习是绝对必需的。
10新主席有礼貌地前来拜访受害者，获得了他们的一些好感。
B 见译文部分。
TEXT B
READING COMPREHENSION
1. The Chinese view of life and things presented in the passage is expressed by the
best and wisest Chinese minds in their folk wisdom and their literature.
2. Chinese poets and scholars present a view of life through their common sense, their realism and their sense of poetry.
3. The nature of Chinese philosophy is an idle philosophy born of an idle life.
4. The Chinese philosopher’s waking life is characterized by a dream-world quality,
and he sees the happenings and his own efforts as futile.(or useless)
5. The highest ideal of Chinese culture is represented by a sense of detachment toward
life and high-mindedness.
6. The sense of detachment toward life results in the sense of freedom, love of vagabondage, pride and nonchalance.
7. “Wake up and live” implies that a wise proportion of Americans dream the hours
away.
8. The national mind of Chinese is so racially different and historically isolated that
new answers to the problems of life, new methods of approaches and new posing of problems are expected.
9. For most people, the Chinese mind is intensely practical, hard-headed; for the lovers of Chinese art, it is profoundly sensitive; and for a smaller proportion of people, it is poetic and philosophical.
10. The Chinese as a nation has survived for four thousand years because the Chinese
have a light, an almost gay philosophy rather than an efficient life.
UNIT THREE THE FUTURE OF BOOKS
COMPREHENSION
1.Umberto Eco classifies memory into three types: organic memory represented by
human brain; mineral memory represented by clay tablets, obelisks and electronic memory of today’s computer; and vegetal memory represented by the first papyruses and books made of paper.
2.According to Umberto Eco, the libraries function as the places for conservation of
books and have been the most important way of keeping our collective wisdom. 3.“Universal brain” means a place where we can retrieve what we have forgotten
and what we still do not know.
4.According to paragraph 2, humans invent libraries because they know that they do
not have divine powers, but they try to do their best to imitate them.
5.In the computer and Internet era, libraries should not be abolished because they
should survive as museums conserving the past.
https://www.360docs.net/doc/2e15570334.html,pared with reading on a computer screen, reading printed books is the better
way for us to read carefully, to speculate and to reflect about what we are reading.
https://www.360docs.net/doc/2e15570334.html,pared with computers, books have brought a lot of conveniences to humans
computers can’t: books still represent the most economical, flexible way to transport information at a very low cost; books travel with you and at your speed;
it is a valuable instrument and the best companions for a shipwreck.
8.Two industrially exploited inventions are as follows: one is printing on demand,
namely, every book will be tailored according to the desires of the buyer; the other is the e-book which is useful for consulting information.
9.“The idea that a new technology abolishes a previous one is frequently too
simplistic.”What the author means is that there are a lot of new technological devices that have not made previous ones obsolete, that in the history of culture it has never been the case that something has simply killed something else. Rather, a new invention has always profoundly changed an older one.
10.In the computer and internet era, people fear the physical disappearance of books
and printed material;but printed books have a future because computers encourage the production of printed material.
VOCABULARY AND STRUCTURE
A
1. organic
2. designate
3. emulate
4. abolish
5. speculated
6. shipwreck
7. manuscript
8. masterpiece
9.obsolete 10. contribute to
B
1. option
2. flexible
3. reproduce
4. preservation
5. retrieve
6. divine
7. diffuse
8. on the verge of
9. browse 10. memory
C
1. poverty errors enemies a possibility inequality
2. a group an organization a club an association a tribe
3. act for answer for stand for long for prepare for
4. eyepiece timepiece showpiece seapiece centerpiece
5. predictable preschool prewar previous preliminary
6. reproduce revise remove review rewrite
D
1. CORRECT
2.have
3.from
4.CORRECT
5.in
6. a
7. of
8. CORRECT
9. to 10. look TRANSLATION
A
1晚上在参加宴会，出席音乐会，观看乒乓球表演之后，他得起草最后公报。
2这些早期的汽车速度缓慢，行动笨拙，效率不高。
3遗憾的是，过去我们总的目标方面意见是一致的，但涉及各个具体目标时，意见就不一致了，因而也就根本不能采取什么行动。
4我真替她万分担忧，但此时此地既不宜教训她一番，也不宜与她争论一通。
5他们的主人，又是割啊，又是倒啊，又是上菜啊，又是切面包啊，又是说啊，又是笑啊，又是敬酒啊，忙个不停。
6如果对自己的错误都不认识，怎么能悔恨和改正呢？
7 欢迎他的只有几下轻轻地、零零落落、冷冷淡淡的掌声。
8 勇敢过度，即成蛮勇；疼爱过度，即成溺爱；俭约过度，即成贪婪。
B 见译文部分。
TEXT B
READING COMPREHENSION
1.Texts differ from dictionaries in that dictionaries are a linguistic or an
encyclopedic system, while texts reduce the infinite possibilities of a system.(or...give many possible items, while texts are a closed universe.)
2.The Arabian Nights, Little Red Riding Hood and Finnegan’s Wake are cited in the
passage to clarify the point that despite many possible ways to interpret them, the texts are finite and limited.
3.One mistaken belief of the deconstructionists is that you have any freedom to
interpret the text.(or you can do anything you want with a text)
4.The first possibility of using hypertextual strategies to “open”up a finite and
limited text is to enrich the story by successive contributions of different authors.(or allow different authors to develop the story)
5.Another way to make a text infinite is that at narrative disjunction, many authors
can make many different choices.
6.The production of unlimited texts differs from already-produced texts in that the
latter may be interpreted in infinite ways but are physically limited.
7.In a more liberated society, free creativity will coexist with the interpretation of
the already written text.
8.Because the pre-established sequences of words and pages in the text stop us from
inventing anything.
9.Readers can’t modify the fate of the characters in the already written book
because it is decided by repressive authorial decision.
10.The purpose of this article is to clarify the difference between free creativity in
producing texts and limited freedom in interpreting the already-produced texts.
UNIT FOUR ENGLISH NEXT COMPREHENSION
1 because our modern understanding of medieval life has been distorted through a 19th-century lens.
2 English
3 Dry den and Shakespeare’s words, Issac Newton and his contemporaries’ scientific writings and dictionaries
4 It used to be the dominating language in Europe.
5 Not directly. Because this happens before the rise of English.
6 Chinese, Spanish, Arabic and English
7 Japanese: declining; Chinese: rising
8 Open (It is expanding.)
9 Open (through media – film, TV, publications or through political/economic/cultural influence
10 No. The number of people who use it as a second language will be more important. VOCABULARY AND STRUCTURE
A
1 exploration
2 reappraisal
3 emerge
4 integrity
5 identity
6 displaced
7 diversity
8 challenge
9 reminiscent 10 aspired
B
1 triumph
2 acquired
3 diverse
4 alternative
5 embrace
6 account
7 integrity
8 reverse
9 awareness 10 permeates
C
1 acquire: title, riches, knowledge, skill, good habits
2 derive from, arise from, date from, differ from, refrain from
3 be sick of, be weary of, be glad of, be tired of, be slow of
4 ad hoc, status quo, hors d'oeuvre, loudspeaker, baby-sit
5 professional, vocational, exceptional, traditional, conditional
6 distrust, disarm, disable, disown, discharge
D
1 he
2 be
3 as
4 access
5 √
6 who
7 a
8 √
9 is 10 been
TRANSLATION
A
1 凡是犯了错就应勇于承认。
2没有下雪，但叶落草枯。
3人生的意义不在于已经获取的，而在于渴望得到什么样的东西。
4读书只能给智能提供知识的材料，思想才能把我们所读的东西变成自己的。
5仍然具有这种信念，普通的人要比自然的力量或人类造出来的机器更伟大，而且最终会控制它们。
6她的黑发蓬蓬松松地飘拂在前额上，脸是短短的，上唇也是短短的，露出一排闪亮的牙齿，眉毛又直又黑，睫毛又长又黑，鼻子笔直。
B 见本课ppt。
TEXT B
1 imho, imo: in my humble opinion, in my opinion
2 idk: I don't know
3 thx: thanks
4 plz: please
5 rofl: rolling on the floor laughing
6 brb: be right back
7 jk: just kidding
8 ttyl: talk to you later
9 g2g: got to go
10 btw: by the way
Unit five Scientists, scholars, knaves and fools Comprehension
1(a). What relationship between science and the humanities(此处课本中有误，见P106) can you learn from the first paragraph?
To some degree, science and the humanities have the same concern: The question raised by science is the most important that can be asked in philosophy and religion. In his book Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge,Wilson shows how various fields of inquiry, and especially the
humanities and sciences, intersect with each other.
1(b). Do you think science and religion can be reconciled? (Open.)
2(a). What criteria does Author apply when distinguishing science from pseudoscience?
In para.2, the author mentions five diagnostic features as the criteria to distinguish science from pseudoscience: repeatability, economy, mensuration, heuristics and consilience.
2(b). Some label Acupuncture, Qigong, and Chinese Medicine as pseudoscience. Do you agree? Open.
3(a). What point does Author make in paragraph 4 and paragraph 5?
The author gives the topic sentence "The work of real science is hard and often for long intervals frustrating" at the beginning of para.4.
3(b). How does he backup his viewpoint?
In para.4, the author lists and analyses the reasons why it’s hard. In Para.5, the author develops the point by drawing on his own experience and quoting.
3(c). What example and quote does he use?
The example is from his own experience of counseling new Ph.D.'s in biology.
The quotation is from Percy Bridgman: "The scientific method is doing your damnedest, no holds barred."
4. Paragraph 6-8 discuss original discovery. How do these paragraphs relate to one another? Para.6 first introduces the topic sentence "Original discovery is everything" and then explains how the priority of making original discovery defines the process of scientific research.
Para7 and para.8 are about the importance of original discovery and they are related by two sentences of the same structure which introduce two opposite conditions and thus form a sharp contrast (make an important discovery, and ...; Fail to discover, and...).
5(a). According to Alfred North Whitehead, why do scientists learn what they need to know while remaining poorly informed about the rest of the world?
It’s because scientists are mainly concerned about making discovery. They have to concentrate on the part that is needed in the discovery while ignoring the rest.
5(b). What does the greeting question "What are you working on" reveal?
It reveals the fact that what they are doing are of the same nature (making discoveries) and scientists are quite aware what is common among them.
6(a). Will scientists content themselves with the discoveries they have made? Why?
No, they won't. Scientists who have already made some important discoveries are always strongly motivated and they are ready to set new goals and make continuous efforts.
6(b). What's the difference between scientists and scholars in humanities?
According to Wilson, their research is of different nature: for scholars in the humanities the most valuable work is interpreting and explaining the existing factual knowledge while for scientists original discovery is everything.
7. Can scientists be defined as a social group with a set of beliefs, characters and motivations peculiar to them?
No, they can't. No particular beliefs, characters and motivations can be identified as the defining features. (See Para. 9-11)
8(a). In what sense is scientific research an art?
There is no limitation on how to make a discovery. Scientists enjoy the freedom of applying different thinking skills and styles just like an artist.
8(b). What scientists should do in order to be highly successful?
A scientist who wants to achieve great success should not be afraid of trying new research areas where no previous research can be referred to and he has to decide everything by himself in the exploration.
8(c). According to the author, what intelligence level does normal science require? Why?
The author mentions it as optimum intelligence: On the one hand he should have the adequate intelligence which allows him to do some basic scientific research; on the other, his intelligence level should not be above the one for normal science, otherwise, he would find the mediocre work intolerably boring.
9(a). What advice does the author give to the novice scientists?
The author gives a lot of advice in the last paragraph. It's mainly about how to do scientific research and how to make your work known to and accepted by other scientists.
9(b). Suppose you have the plan to pursue academic study, what difficulties do you think you would have? (Open.)
10. Paraphrase the following figurative sentences:
a. Science is the sword in the stone that humanity finally pulled.
Science is the tool that the human race finally possesses. It has great potentials and is believed to empower and benefit mankind.
b. They spread out like foragers on a picket line, each alone or in small groups probing a carefully chosen, narrow sector.
Similar to those who scatter around the rope along which horses are tied and begin to search widely for food or provisions, scientists, with particular research tasks in their minds, either working individually or cooperating with others, are desperate to make discoveries.
c. They are fellow prospectors pressing deeper into an abstracted world, content most of the time to pick up an occasional nugget but dreaming of the mother lode.
Like those who work together to search for minerals, they push themselves forward and explore deeply into their research areas. They feel satisfied whenever there is a clue to their research, but they would not stop moving forward until real breakthroughs are made.
d. Some are as stolid as tax accounts in April.
Just like the tax accounts taxpayers generally receive in April, some scientists are not very easily aroused or excited. They tend to act in a businesslike way.
e. To be highly successful the scientist must be confident enough to steer for blue water, abandoning sight of land for a while.
A scientist who wants to achieve great success should have trust in his own abilities and be keen on doing pioneering work which is full of risks and uncertainties, without any help from previous research.
Vocabulary and structure
A
1) diagnostic 2) at most 3) spreading out 4) elitists 5) driven
6) set foot on 7) at large 8) utilitarian 9) for its own sake 10) ethos
B
1) sift 2) Admittedly 3) diagnostic 4) counseled 5) notwithstanding
6) steer 7) probed 8) presumptuous 9) strewn with 10) follows up
C
1) ambition, objective, success, goal, victory
2) treasure, collector, critic, gallery, work
3) acquire, apply, broaden, extend, improve
4) experimental, natural, medical, behavioral, social
5) symmetry, parasite, pregnancy, science, gene
6) presumptuous, gregarious, generous, courageous, ferocious
7) productive, reclusive, compulsive, decisive, exclusive
8) marine, merge, oceanic, soil, plot, division,
D
1. the
2.on
3.for
4. which
5. and
6. correct
7. back 8. correct 9. to 10. so 11. is 12. correct
Text B
Reading Comprehension
1.Some anthropologists were criticized for their involvement in military actions.
2.Because CIA wants them to collaborate with the U.S. government’s war on terror. The role
social scientists play in the war is too early to assess though some reports show they succeeded in reducing attacks from the Taliban.
3.Montgomery McFate is a navy anthropologist. She is an advocate of the collaboration.
Roberto Gonzalez is an associate professor of anthropology at San Jose State University and leading member of the Network of Concerned Anthropologists. He think in this kind of collaboration anthropology will become just another weapon.
4.“Subject” means a person who is subjected to experimental or other observational procedures;
“fervent petitioning” refers to the earnest and formal request AAA received from some of its members to ban the involvement in the collaboration.
5.They find it difficult to be loyal to two communities.
6.Because civilian anthropologists have experienced ethical dilemmas, they would not fully
cooperate in military actions. Washington needs social scientists trained in the agency’s own unique culture. But David Price argues that social scientists thinking in an agency-like way would not be as helpful as civilian anthropologists.
7.First, it’s difficult to build a military education system to train experts in the social sciences.
Second, it takes longer to train them when compared to training general officers.
8.The Administration did not take the expert s’ advice very seriously.
第一课
标题有各种翻译，包括“物有所不足，智有所不明”，以及“饥渴求知，虚怀若愚”，或直译“保持饥饿，保持愚蠢”。（请各位同仁指正）
1 斯坦福是世界上最好的大学之一，今天能参加各位的毕业典礼，我备感荣幸。
我从来没有从大学毕业，说句实话，此时算是我离大学毕业最近的一刻。今
天，我想告诉你们我生命中的三个故事。
2 第一个故事，是关于串起小小的点点。（原文为“connecting the dots”漂亮的
字体是用高级的算法把点连在一起的，如专于此的Adobe公司的PostScript 字体——译注）
3 我在里德大学呆了6个月就退学了，但之后仍作为旁听生混了18个月后才最
终离开。我为什么要退学呢？
4 17岁时，因为年幼无知，我选择了一所和斯坦福一样昂贵的大学，我的父母
都是工人阶级，他们倾其所有资助我的学业。在6 个月之后，我发现自己完全不知道这样念下去究竟有什么用。当时，我的人生漫无目标，也不知道大学对我能起到什么帮助，所以我决定退学。我相信车到山前必有路。当时作这个决定的时候非常害怕，但现在回头去看，这是我这一生所做出的最正确的决定之一。从我退学那一刻起，我就再也不用去上那些我毫无兴趣的必修课了，我开始旁听那些看来比较有意思的科目。
5 这件事情做起来一点都不浪漫。因为没有自己的宿舍，我只能睡在朋友房间
的地板上；可乐瓶的押金是5分钱，我把瓶子还回去好用押金买吃的；在每个周日的晚上，我都会步行7英里穿越市区，到Hare Krishna教堂去吃我一周里唯一的一顿大餐。那顿餐的味道美极了。我跟随好奇心和直觉所遇见的和做的事情，事后证明大多数都是极其珍贵的经验。我举一个例子：
6 那个时候，里德大学提供了全美国最好的字体学课程。整个校园的每一张海
报，每一个抽屉上的标签，都是漂亮的字体。我选择了一个字体学班，想学学如何能够做得到。在这个班上，我学习了各种衬线和无衬线字体，如何改变不同字体组合之间的字间距，以及如何做出漂亮的版式。那是一种科学永远无法捕捉的充满美感、历史感和艺术感的微妙，我发现这太有意思了。
7 当时，我压根儿没想到这些知识会在我的生命中有什么实际运用价值；但是
10年之后，当我们的设计第一款Macintosh电脑的候，这些东西全派上了用场。我把它们全部设计进了Mac，这是第一台可以排出好看版式的电脑。如果当时我大学里没有旁听这门课程的话，Mac就不会提供各种字体和等间距字体。
8 当然我在念大学的那会儿，不可能有先见之明，把那些生命中的点点滴滴都
串起来；但10年之后再回头看，生命的轨迹变得非常清楚。所以，你要坚信，你现在所经历的将在你未来的生命中串联起来。你不得不相信某些东西，你的直觉，命运，生活，因缘际会……正是这种信仰让我不会失去希望，它让我的人生变得与众不同。
9 我的第二个故事是关于爱与失去。
10 我是幸运的，在年轻的时候就知道了自己爱做什么。在我20岁的时候，就和
沃兹在我父母的车库里开创了苹果电脑公司。我们勤奋工作，只用了10年的时间，苹果电脑就从车库里的两个小伙子扩展成拥有4000名员工，价值达到20亿美元的企业。而在此之前的一年，我们刚推出了我们最好的产品Macintosh电脑，当时我刚过而立之年。然后，我就被炒了鱿鱼。一个人怎么可以被他所创立的公司解雇呢？这么说吧，随着苹果的成长，我们请了一个原本以为很能干的家伙和我一起管理这家公司，在头一年左右，他干得还不错，但后来，我们对公司未来的前景出现了分歧，于是我们之间出现了矛盾。
由于公司的董事会站在他那一边，所以在我30岁的时候，就被踢出了局。我失去了一直贯穿在我整个成年生活的重心，打击是毁灭性的。
11 在头几个月，我真不知道要做些什么。我觉得我让企业界的前辈们失望了，
我失去了传到我手上的指挥棒。我成了人人皆知的失败者，我甚至想过逃离硅谷。但曙光渐渐出现，我还是喜欢我做过的事情。在苹果电脑发生的一切丝毫没有改变我，一个比特（bit）都没有。虽然被抛弃了，但我的热忱不改。
我决定重新开始。
12 我当时没有看出来，但事实证明，我被苹果开掉是我这一生所经历过的最棒
的事情。成功的沉重被凤凰涅槃的轻盈所代替，每件事情都不再那么确定，我以自由之躯进入了我整个生命当中最有创意的时期。
13 在接下来的5年里，我开创了一家叫做NeXT的公司，接着是一家名叫Pixar
的公司，并且结识了后来成为我妻子的曼妙女郎。Pixar制作了世界上第一部全电脑动画电影《玩具总动员》，现在这家公司是世界上最成功的动画制作公司之一。后来经历一系列的事件，苹果买下了NeXT，于是我又回到了苹果。
我和劳伦斯也拥有了美满的家庭。
14 我非常肯定，如果没有被苹果炒掉，这一切都不可能在我身上发生。对于病
人来说，良药总是苦口。生活有时候就像一块板砖拍向你的脑袋，但不要丧失信心。热爱我所从事的工作，是一直支持我不断前进的唯一理由。你得找出你的最爱，对工作如此，对爱人亦是如此。工作将占据你生命中相当大的一部分，从事你认为具有非凡意义的工作，方能给你带来真正的满足感。而从事一份伟大工作的唯一方法，就是去热爱这份工作。如果你到现在还没有找到这样一份工作，那么就继续找。不要安于现状。
15 我的第三个故事是关于死亡。
16 在17 岁的时候，我读过一句格言，好像是：“如果你把每一天都当成你生命
里的最后一天，你将在某一天发现原来一切皆在掌握之中。”这句话从我读到之日起，就对我产生了深远的影响。在过去的33年里，我每天早晨都对着镜子问自己：“如果今天是我生命中的末日，我还愿意做我今天本来应该做的事情吗？”当一连好多天答案都否定的时候，我就知道做出改变的时候到了。
17 提醒自己行将入土是我在面临人生中的重大抉择时，最为重要的工具。因为
所有的事情——外界的期望、所有的尊荣、对尴尬和失败的惧怕——在面对死亡的时候，都将烟消云散，只留下真正重要的东西。在我所知道的各种方法中，提醒自己即将死去是避免掉入畏惧失去这个陷阱的最好办法。人赤条条地来，赤条条地走，没有理由不听从你内心的呼唤。
18 大约一年前，我被诊断出癌症。在早晨7：30我做了一个检查，扫描结果清
楚地显示我的胰脏出现了一个肿瘤。医生告诉我，几乎可以确定这是一种不治之症，顶多还能活3至6个月。大夫建议我回家，把诸事安排妥当，这是医生对临终病人的标准用语。我整天都想着诊断结果。那天晚上做了一个切片检查，我打了镇静剂，结果是一非常罕见的、可以通过手术治疗的胰脏癌。
我接受了手术，现在已经康复了。
19 这是我最接近死亡的一次，我希望在随后的几十年里，都不要有比这一次更
接近死亡的经历。在经历了这次与死神擦肩而过的经验之后，我能够更肯定地告诉你们死亡对我来说只是一个纯粹的理性概念。
20 没人想死。即使想去天堂的人，也是希望能活着进去。死亡是我们每个人的
人生终点站，没人能够成为例外。生命就是如此，因为死亡很可能是生命最好的造物，它是生命更迭的媒介，送走耋耄老者，给新生代让路。现在你们
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新视野大学英语（第三版）第二册读写教程课后答案 新视野大学英语（第三版）第二册读写教程课后答案Unit 1 Language in mission Text A An impressive English lesson Ex.1 Understanding the text 1、Because he is tired of listening to his father and he is not interested in grammar rules. 2、The civilization of Greece and the glory of Roman architecture are so marvelous and remarkable that they should be described at least in a brief account; however, what the student could do was only one single utterance :“whoa!” without any any specific comment. 3、Because the schools fail to set high standards of language proficiency. They only teach a little grammar and less advanced vocabulary. And the younger teachers themselves have little knowledge of the vital structures of language. 4、Because teaching grammar is not an easy job and most of the students will easily get bored if it’s not properly dealt with. 5、He familiarized his son with different parts of speech in a sentence and discussed their specific grammatical functions including how to use adverbs to describe verbs. 6、Because the son had never heard about the various names and functions of words in an English sentence before. 7、The author uses “road map”and “car”to describe grammar and vocabulary. Here,“road map”is considered as grammar and “car”as vocabulary. 8、Since the subjunctive mood his son used is a fairly advanced grammar structure, the interjection“whoa!”reflects the tremendous pride the father had toward his son; it also reflects the author’s humor in using the word because it was once used by his student, tho ugh in two different situations and with two different feelings. Ex.3 Words in use 1.condense 2.exceed 3.deficit 4.exposure 5.asset 6.adequate https://www.360docs.net/doc/2e15570334.html,petent 8.adjusting 9.precisely 10.beneficial Ex.4 Word building -al/-ial: managerial/editorial/substance/survival/tradition/margin -cy : consistency/accuracy/efficient -y : recovery/ministry/assembly Ex.5 Word building 1.editorial 2.recovery 3.accuracy 4.substance 5.managerial 6.margin 7.assembly 8.Ministry 9.survival 10.tradition 11.consistency 12.efficient Ex.6 Banked cloze 1-5: L C J A I 6-10: O N E H F Ex.7 Expressions in use 1.feel obliged to 2.be serious about 3.run into 4.distinguish between 5.thrust upon 6.was allergic to 7.get lost 8.be attracted to 9.make sense 10.looked upon as Ex.8 Structured writing Some bookworms in my dormitory often spend hours reading their “Bible”, Practical English Grammar, and do a lot of exercises in that book , but I don’t care about it at all. My assumption is since I have never learned Chinese grammar, what’s the sense of l earning English grammar? In fact, English grammar has always been a big headache to me. English grammar is very complicated because, unlike Chinese, there are many verb tenses. Even
新视野大学英语第三版读写教程第三册课文翻译
第一单元永不放弃 1 英国的伟大首相温斯顿丘吉尔爵士，小时候在哈罗公学上学。当时他可不是个好学生，要不是出身名门，他可能早就因为违反纪律被开除了。谢天谢地，他总算从哈罗毕业了，在那里犯下的错误并没有影响到他上大学。后来，他凭着军旅生涯中的杰出变现当选为英国首相。他的才思、智慧、公民责任感以及在二战痛苦而黑暗的时期拒绝投降的无畏勇气，为他赢得了美名。他非凡的决心，不仅激励了整个民族，还鼓舞了全世界。 2在他首相任期即将结束时，他应邀前往母校哈罗公学，为满怀报国之志的同学们做演讲。校长说；校长说：“年轻的先生们，当代最伟大的演说家过几天就会你们演讲，他提出的任何中肯的建议，你们都要听从。”那个激动人心的日子终于到了。温斯顿伯爵站了起来——他只有5英尺5英寸高，体重却有107公斤。他做了言简意赅的讲话，永不放弃，永不，永不，永不，永不！“ 3 个人经历、教育机会、个人困境，这些都不能阻挡一个全力以赴追求成功的、有着坚强意志的人。任务再苦，准备再长，难度再大，都不能让他放弃自己的追求。就以本时代最有学问的两位科学家——阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦和托马斯·.爱迪生为例，他们都曾面临巨大的障碍和极端的批评，都曾被说成“不开窍”，被老师当成笨蛋，而放弃。托马斯爱迪生还曾逃学，老师因为嫌他问的问题太多而经常鞭打他。爱因斯坦一直到将近9岁才能流利的说话，学习成绩太差，有些人认为他都已经学不好了。然而，这两个男孩的父母都相信他们，他们坚持不懈的每天和儿子一起努力，孩子们也了解到，要想成功就绝不要怕付出长期而艰辛的努力。最终，爱因斯坦和爱迪生都摆脱了童年的困扰，进而做出了造福当今全世界的伟大发现。 4 再如亚伯拉罕·林肯这个英雄的典范，他一生面临了无数艰辛，失败和接二连三的不幸。他的出身和经历真是一点也算不上光鲜，他在一个非常贫困的家庭长大，只受过一年正规教育，轻伤两度失败初恋爱人的突然离世也使他精神崩溃，还在八次政治选举中落马。此后他的4个孩子有3个不幸去世，令他悲痛欲绝。然而坚强的意志鞭策着他推动他前进，使他二更加乐观，投入，坚毅，这让他得以全力以赴，一次次战胜生命中的巨大困难和挫折，一百年以后世界各地的人们都赞颂亚伯拉罕·林肯，认为他是有史以来最伟大的美国总统。 5 与丘吉尔和林肯一样，只有那些“执著的追求成功的人，那些保持始终如一的精神意志的人，才会通过自身的努力获得成功。许多艺术家、政治家、作家和发明家都有同样的经历。他们之所以能取得这样的成功，是因为他们拥有强烈的意愿，不懈的准备，并保持对成功的激情。他们取得了成功并不是因为成功很容易，而是因为他们拥有克服重重障碍的意志，为了追求目标而勤奋努力。 6 桑德拉·戴·奥康纳，成长于既没自来水也没电的养牛场，他努力学习也是自己接受到最好的教育，她的学习成绩在班上始终名列前茅，一路奋斗终于进入了斯坦福大学法学院，并以优异的成绩从法学院毕业，尽管奥康纳勤奋刻苦，但在20世纪50年代她仍然受到女人身份的制约。历史不叹服大学的学位有良好的声誉，她仍被整个法律界拒之门外，因为事务所名苑聘请才干稍逊的男性，也不愿冒险破例雇佣一位女律师。然而，桑德拉·戴·奥康纳并未放弃梦想，她执著的坚持下去，终于得到提名并任命为美国第一位女性最高法院大法官。她任职期间，对很多问题，例如堕胎的妇女权利都起到了极为关键的作用。 7 很多人只是嘴上说他们想要什么东西，但并不真正地付出大量努力去实现。很多人因为害怕失败而不敢全军心尝试。而成功的秘诀在于内心燃烧的欲望——一种坚定不移的意志和专注力，从而激发行动的决心，即使疲惫，即使失败，也会继续准备继续前进。正如一句箴言所说：“你摔倒了多少次并要紧；你能多少次重新站起来对成功才至关重要！” 8 专注于汲取更多的知识，争取持之以恒的渐进，保持永不言退的坚强意志，即使在你疲惫想要松懈的时候或者困难重重之时。“执著地追求成功，！”“有志者事竟成！”，只要刻苦努力，
研究生英语读写译教程--第5-marriage原文翻译及课后答案.
婚姻何以失败 安·洛芙 [1] 如今，以离婚告终的婚姻如此之多，我们最神圣的誓约听上去都不再真实了。“从此永远幸福地生活着”和“直到死神将我们分开”这类话语似乎快过时了。夫妻长相守何以变得如此困难？哪儿出了问题？我们到底怎么了，竟然有差不多半数的婚姻注定要以离婚法庭为终点？有42%的儿童将在单亲家庭中长大，我们怎么把社会弄成这样了呢？如果统计数字能测量出孤独、懊悔、痛苦、失去自信和对未来恐惧的程度，这些数字会大得惊人。[2]虽然破裂的婚姻各有其独特的情况，但我们还是能找到致使婚姻无法维持下去的共同因素，即常见的危险。凡婚姻都有其危机时刻，都要考验持久力、考验既能亲密相处又善应对变化的能力。外部压力，如失业、疾病、不育、抚育孩子、赡养年迈的父母，以及生活中其他种种烦恼，都会如飓风横扫海岸那样对婚姻带来打击。有些婚姻经受住了这些风暴，有些则不然。但婚姻失败并不是简单地由外部天气造成的，而是由于内部气候变得过热或过冷，变得过于狂暴或过于麻木造成的。 [3]如果我们来看一下自己如何挑选配偶，看一下在爱情最初的温柔、浪漫阶段有着怎样的期待，婚姻触礁的一些原因便显而易见了。无意中我们都精确地选中了能和我们一起重建我们第一个家庭的情感模式的伴侣。婚姻心理治疗专家、威斯康星大学精神病学荣誉退职教授卡尔·A·威塔科尔解释说：“从幼年起，我们每一个人心里就对婚姻、女性气质、男性气质、为人母、为人父，以及其他各种家庭角色有了自己的模式。”我们每一个人都爱上具有自己父母气质的伴侣，能帮助我们在心理上重温以往生活中的欢乐与苦难的伴侣。我们或许会以为自己找的男人与爸爸不同，可是到头来，就像爸爸那样，他酗酒，或者吸毒，或者一次又一次失业，或者就像爸爸那样一言不发地坐在电视机前。男人或许会选择一个像自己母亲一样不喜欢孩子的女人，或者一个像自己母亲一样把家里的钱全都赌光的女人。或者他会选择一个苗条的妻子，与体态臃肿的母亲看上去似乎不一样，可结果发现那女子有其他的嗜好，这就毁了双方的幸福。 [4]男女双方都把意识到的和未意识到的对父母共同生活的混杂记忆带上婚床。人类总会不由自主地去重复并再现过去的生活模式。西格蒙德·弗洛伊德入木三分地描述了我们许多人所陷入的自设的不幸罗网：童年时期未能满足的欲望，多年前的挫折留下的愤怒情绪，信任极限以及旧日恐惧的重现。一个人一旦意识到自己陷入这样的困境，就可能渴望逃脱，其结果可能是婚姻破裂、分崩离析。 [5]当然，人们能够改变童年时期养成的习惯和形成的看法。我们都有潜在的优势，都有令人惊叹的能力使自己成长以及创造性地改变自己。然而，变化需要有所行动，如观察自己在失败模式中的作用，公开遇到的难处。然而行动却有悖于关于婚姻的神话：“若我与此人结了婚，我所有的烦恼就会烟消云散。到了那时我算是获得成功了，我将成为此人生活的中心，此人也将成为我生活的中心，我们将永远视对方为自己生活的全部。”这一维系所有婚姻的神话不久就被打破。孩子降生了，需要有人爱、需要有人花时间照料，这些拖累在相当程度上打击了那个说什么视对方为自己生活之全部，或者说什么夫妇融为一体解决生活中所有问题的神话。 [6]对金钱的关心以及由金钱造成的紧张关系使夫妻产生隔阂。对苛求的父母或仍需赡养的父母应尽的责任进一步加剧了紧张关系。如今，夫妻双方还必须应对近几年来妇女解放运动和性革命所带来的各种文化变革。角色的改变、责任的变更对婚姻都是极其严峻的考验。 [7]就像沙尘暴侵蚀岩石、海浪蚕食沙丘，这一切以及生活中其他现实问题逐渐毁灭对幸福婚姻的幻想。那些伴随着浪漫爱情而来的欣喜若狂的美妙感觉实际上都是自我欺骗、自我催眠的梦幻，而这种自欺、这种梦幻使我们得以去缔结良缘。现实生活、工作中的失败、失
新视野大学英语读写译(第三版)第二册Unit1课后习题答案
Because he is tired of listening to his father and he is not interested in grammar rules. The civilization of Greece and the glory of Roman architecture are so marvelous and remarkable that they should be described at least in a brief account; however, what the student could do was only one single utterance: "whoa!" without any specific comment. Because the schools fail to set high standards of language proficiency. They only teach a little grammar and less advanced vocabulary. And the younger teachers themselves have little knowledge of the vital structures of language Because teaching grammar is not an easy job and most of the students will easily get bored if it's not properly dealt with. He familiarized his son with different parts of speech in a sentence and discussed their specific grammatical functions including how to use adverbs to describe verbs. Because the son had never heard about the various names and functions of words in an English sentence before. The author uses "road map" and "car" to describe grammar and vocabulary. Here, "road map" is considered as grammar and "car" as vocabulary. Since the subjunctive mood his son used is a fairly advanced grammar structure, the interjection "whoa!" reflects the tremendous pride the father had toward his son; it also reflects the author's humor in using the word because it was once used by his student, though in two different situations and with two different feelings. ? Motivation. ? Family support. ? Peer pressure. ? Financial status. ? Future career goals