英语句子成分划分的基本概述附配套练习和答案
英语句子成分
定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；
主要成分：主语和谓语
次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语
I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.
主语：句子的主体
Students study English.
Smoking is bad for health.
What he has said is true. 从句做主语（主语从句）
It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（It是形式主语，从句that...tree才是真正主语）（主语从句）
练习：划出句中主语
The sun rises in the east.
Twenty years is a short time in history.
The poor are now living in the shelter.
Seeing is believing.
To see is to believe.
What he needs is a book.
谓语：动词或者动词词组
1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：Students study English
2、复合谓语：
（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。
如：He can speak English. He has caught a bad cold.
（2）由系动词加表语构成。
如：We are students.
练习：选出下列句子中的谓语
I don't like the picture on the wall.
I usually go to school by bus.
Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?
Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.
What I want to tell you is this.
We had better send for a doctor.
He is interested in music.
He can speak English well.
表语：系动词后面的成分
名词作表语I am a student. My father is a teacher.
形容词作表语This table is long. You look young. It gets cold. It sounds interesting. 副词作表语Everyone is here.
介词短语作表语They are in the park.
不定式作表语My job is to teach them English.
动名词作表语Her job is training the nurses.
从句作表语（表语从句）That is why he didn’t come to school yesterday.
系动词：
(1) 状态: be 动词
(2) 持续：表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep,remain,stay,rest,lie,stand.
(3) 表像：表示“看起来好像”,主要有seem,appear,look
(4) 感官：表示“……起来”,有feel（摸起来,感觉）,smell（闻起来）,sound（听起来）,taste （尝起来,吃起来）等
(5) 变化：表示主语变成什么样,主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run
(6) 终止：主要有prove, turn out（结果是,证明是）等.如：
His story proved false.他讲的情况原来是假的.
My intuition turned out to be correct.我的直觉证明是对的.
练习：划出句中表语
The speech is exciting.
They seem to know the truth.
Time is precious.
I’m tired today.
That remains a puzzle.
I don’t feel sad.
That’s why he came here.
宾语：动作承受者
名/代词作宾语He never forgives others. He often helps me.
不定式作宾语He likes to sleep in the open air.
动名词作宾语The Americans enjoyed living in China.
从句做宾语（宾语从句）I believe that they can finish the work in time.
We found it necessary to study English.（it形式宾语，to do是真正宾语）
宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语. 直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人.
Please pass me the book. （me是间接宾语，the book是直接宾语）
练习：划出句中宾语
Show your passport, please.
She didn't say anything.
How many do you want? - I want two.
They sent the injured to hospital.
They asked to see my passport.
I enjoy working with you.
Did you write down what he said?
I succeeded in passing the exam.
宾语补足语：有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，才能
使句子的意义完整，否则就不完整。宾补主要用来说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足。
I found the book interesting.
I make my students intertested in my class.
She asked me to lend her a hand.
We made him monitor in our class.
We found him in trouble now.
We found it necessary to study English.（it形式宾语，to do是真正宾语necessary是宾补）
练习：划出句中宾补
She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.
He asks her to take the boy out of school.
She find it difficult to do the work.
They call me Lily sometimes.
I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.
注：直接宾语和宾补的区分：前面宾语和宾补有主谓逻辑关系，而间接宾语和直接宾语没有主谓逻辑关系，例如
1.We made him monitor in our class. 我们选他做我们班的班长。（宾语him与monitor是主谓关系He is monitor他是班长，所以这里monitor是宾补）
2.He bought his girlfriend some flowers. 他买给他女朋友一些花。（宾语his girlfriend与some flowers没有逻辑关系，不能说“他女朋友是花”所以some flowers是直接宾语）
定语：用来修饰名词或代词的成分
形容词作定语The black bike is mine.
代词作定语What’s your name?
名词作定语They made some paper flowers.
介词短语作定语The boys in the room are in Class Three, Grade One.
不定式作短语I have lots of homework to do
从句作定语（定语从句）The tall boy who is standing there is Peter.
练习：划出句中定语
He is a clever boy.
There are 54 students in our class.
Do you know Betty’s sister?.
There is a sleeping baby in bed.
His spoken language is good.
The girl in red is his sister.
We have a lot of work to do.
The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.
Do you know the man who spoke just now?
同位语：当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时,一个成分用来说明或解释另一个
成分。下面例句中黑体和横线部分互为同位语。其中前项与后项所指内容相同, 句法功能（即在句中作主谓宾等成分）也相同，并常常紧挨在一起。
We have two children, a boy and a girl. 我们有两个孩子, 一男一女。（都在句中作宾语）We young people should respect the old. 我们年轻人应该尊敬老人。（都在句中作主语）They all wanted to see him. 他们都想见他. （都在句中作主语）
Let’s you and me go to work, Oliver. 咱们俩去工作吧. （都在句中作主语）
Are you two ready?你们俩准备好了吗? （都在句中作主语）
The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true.
明天放假的消息不确. （都在句中作主语）（同位语从句）
练习：找出句中互为同位语的成分，并指出它们在句中的句法功能
Mrs.Brown, John's mother is a kind lady.
Word came that her husband was killed in an accident.
I am sorry to hear the news that his grandfather is dead.
状语: 按用途可分为时间、地点、方式、原因、结果、目的、条件、让步、程度、方式、
伴随等
(1). 时间状语
Shall we do the shopping today ?
(2). 地点状语
There are plenty of fish in the sea.
(3). 原因状语
I eat potatoes because I like them.
(4). 结果状语
She spoke so softly that I couldn’t hear what she said.
(5). 目的状语
In order to get into a good school, I must study even harder.
(6). 条件状语
If he were to come, what should we say to him?
(7). 让步状语
He helped me although he didn’t know me.
(8). 程度状语
The lecture is very interesting.
(9). 伴随状语
My train starts at six, arriving at Chicago at 10.
练习：划出句中状语
① There was a big smile on her face.
② Every night he heard the noise upstairs.
③ He began to learn English when he was eleven.
④ The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast.
⑤ W ith the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off
句子成分划分课后巩固练习题
1. The students got on the school bus.
2. He handed me the newspaper.
3. I shall answer your question after class.
4. His job is to train swimmers.
5. He took many photos in Beijing.
6. His wish is to become a scientist.
7. He told me that his brother is a world-famous doctor.
8. He found it important to master English.
9. He sat there, reading a newspaper.
10. The apples tasted sweet.
11. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.
12. I love you．
13. Trees turn green when spring comes.
14. Grandma told me an interesting story last night.
15. Lily is cleaning the desk now.
16. Her garden is the best in our town
17. We heard her singing a song.
18. I like this book very much.
19. The girl on the blue bike is Jane’s sister.
20. She didn’t come to my party because she was ill.
21. Wang Ping does his homework carefully.
22. We will go to the Children’s Palace once a week.
23. They are in the classroom.
24. We enjoy listening to the music.
25. I see her dance.
26. We always go to school early.
27. I always find her happy
28. The children bought their parents a car
29. He likes to play basketball.
30. Yesterday I talked to my English teacher, Mr.James.
随堂练习参考答案：
主语：
The sun rises in the east.
Twenty years is a short time in history.
The poor are now living in the shelter.
Seeing is believing.
To see is to believe.
What he needs is a book.
谓语：
I don't like the picture on the wall.
I usually go to school by bus.
Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.
What I want to tell you is this.
We had better send for a doctor.
He is interested in music.
He can speak English well.
表语：
The speech is exciting.
They seem to know the truth.
Time is precious.
I’m tired today.
That remains a puzzle.
I don’t feel sad.
That’s why he came here.
宾语：
Show your passport, please.
She didn't say anything.
How many do you want? - I want two.
They sent the injured to hospital.
They asked to see my passport.
I enjoy working with you.
Did you write down what he said?
I succeeded in passing the exam.
宾补：
She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. He asks her to take the boy out of school.
She find it difficult to do the work.
They call me Lily sometimes.
I saw Mr.Wang get on the bus.
定语：
He is a clever boy.
There are 54 students in our class.
Do you know Betty’s sister?
There is a sleeping baby in bed.
His spoken language is good.
The girl in red is his sister.
We have a lot of work to do.
The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.
Do you know the man who spoke just now?
同位语：
Mrs.Brown, John's mother is a kind lady. （主语）
Word came that her husband was killed in an accident.（主语）
I am sorry to hear the news that his grandfather is dead. （宾语）
状语：
There was a big smile on her face.
Every night he heard the noise upstairs.
He began to learn English when he was eleven.
The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast.
With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.
课后练习参考答案：
1.主谓定宾
2.主谓间宾直宾
3.主谓定宾时状
4.定主系表（系动词+表语=谓语）
5.主谓宾地状
6.定主系表
7.主谓间宾直宾（宾语从句）
8.主谓形式宾语宾补真正的宾语
（To master English is important“掌握英语很重要”有逻辑关系，所以是宾补）
9.主谓地状伴随状语
10.主系表
11.定主谓间宾直宾
12.主谓宾
13.主系表时间状语（从句）
14.主谓间宾定直宾时状
15.主谓宾时状
16.定主系表地状
17.主谓宾宾补（She was singing a song.“她在唱歌”有逻辑关系）
18.主谓宾状
19.主定系定表
20.主谓宾原因状语（从句）
21.主谓宾状
22.主谓定宾时状
23.主系表
24.主谓宾
25.主谓宾宾补（She is dancing.“她在跳舞”有逻辑关系）
26.主状谓宾时状
27.主状谓宾宾补（She is happy.“她很高兴”有逻辑关系）
28.主谓定间宾直宾
29.主谓宾
30.时状主谓定定宾同
划分句子成分划分英语句子成分经典练习
划分句子成分练习 练习1.分析下列句子成分，在下面标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种。 1）Tree s turns green when spring comes. 2）The old man was feeling very tired. 3）His job is to train swimmers. 4）Where he was buried remained unknown. 5）What he said proved true. 6）We must keep quiet. 7）The shop stayed open until eleven. 8）She appeared younger than she really was. 9）His face went red. 10）He fell ill last week. 11）The cake I ate yesterday taste delicious. 从上面我们可以看出，常见的系动词有，_____、_____、______、______、______、_____、_______、________等，它们下面一般跟________词作表语。 练习 2.分析下列句子成分，在下面标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种。口译，体会it的替代性用法。 1）It is very plain to me that he is round and tall like a tree. 2）It is a fact that English is being accepted as an
international language. 3）It worried her a bit than her hair was turning grey. 4）The chairman thought it necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting. 5）She made it her duty to look after all the other people’s affaires in that town. 6）I don’t think it possible to master a foreign language without much memory work. 7）He made it known to his friends that he didn’t want to enter politics. 8）I leave it to your own judgment whether you should do it. 从上面我们可以看出，作形式主语和宾语一般用代词______,真正的主语或宾语通常是________或__________，放在下面。 练习 3. 分析下列句子成分，在下面标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种。口译，留意定语是什么词性或结构充当，并留意定语的位置。 1）Comrades in her group often help her with grammar. 2）The women on the left are making shirts for the neighbors. 3）The letter on the desk is for Mr. Wu.
高中英语句子成分详细归纳
英语五种基本句型列式如下： 一：ＳＶ（主＋谓） 二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表） 三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾） 四：ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） 五：ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） 主语：可以作主语的成分有名词（如boy），主格代词（如you），动词不定式，动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家！ 谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。不及物动词（vi.）没有宾语，形成主谓结构，如：We come.
此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 Ｓ│ Ｖ（不及物动词） 1. The sun │was shining.太阳在照耀着。 2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。 3. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。 4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。 5. Who │cares? 管它呢？ 6. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。 7. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。 8. The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类：be, look, keep, seem等属一类，表示情况；get, grow, become, turn等属另一类，
英语划分句子成分练习题及答案
英语划分句子成分练习题及答案 （一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。 句子的主要成分有主语，谓语，宾语； 次要成分有定语、状语、补语、表语、和同位语。 （二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在 there be结构、一般疑问句和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popula （名词） We often speak English in class.（代词） One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词） To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式） Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词） The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词） When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句）It is necessary to master a foreign language. （it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式） （三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下： 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如： He practices running every morning. 2、复合谓语： （1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如： You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students. （四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如： Our teacher of English is an American.（名词） Is it yours? （代词）The weather has turned cold.（形容词） The speech is exciting.（分词）Three times seven is twenty one? （数词） His job is to teach English.（不定式） His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词） The machine must be out of order.（介词短语） Time is up. The class is over.（副词） The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句） （五）宾语：宾语表示动作的承受着或对象，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如：They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词） The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（代词） How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词） They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词） He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语） I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语） I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句） 宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They elected him their monitor. （六）宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如： His father named him Dongming.（名词） They painted their boat white.（形容词） Let the fresh air in.（副词） You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语） We saw her entering the room.（现在分词） We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语） We will soon make our city what your city is now.（从句） （七）定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下成分表示：Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词） China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分词） There are thirty women teachers is our school.（名词） His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词） Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语） The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词） He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语）
高中英语句子成分划分详解(全)
Grammar of Unit 1 Different parts of a sentence 概念 句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的。组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。句子的成分包括:主语、谓语、表语、宾语(直接和间接宾语)、宾语补足语、定语和状语。主语和谓语是句子的主体部分(在英语中,一般句子必须有主语和谓语),表语、宾语和宾语的补足语是谓语里的组成部分。其他成份如定语和状语是句子的次要成分。 ▲句子成分分类 1.主语 主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当,也有从句充当的现象。大多数主语都在句首。如: 讲述“谁”We work in a big factory. 讲述“什么”The classroom is very big. 数词作主语Three are enough. 三个人就够了 不定式作主语To operate on the blind is one of the ORBIS Doctor’s job. 从句作主语What we need is food. 我们最需要的是食物. ▲在“There be …”句型中,主语的位置在中间。如:
There are some bottles of milk in the box. ▲在个别句型中,主语在整个句子后面,这时前面用it作形式主语。如: It is very interesting to play the game called “treat or trick”. It took two workers about three months to build the house. 2.谓语 谓语时用来说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”,谓语必须是动词,谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致。如: He is very generous. She looks very smart and cool We have finished the job. He can speak German. 3.表语 表语说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”,由名词、形容词、介词、副词、不定式及相当于名词的词或短语来充当,它的位置在系动词后面。 形容词作表语You look younger than before.名词作表语My father is a teacher. 副词作表语Everyone is here. 介词短语作表语They are at the theatre. 不定式作表语My job is to teach them English. 动名词作表语Her job is training the nurses. 从句作表语That is why he didn’t come to school yesterday.
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英语划分句子成分练习题及答案
英语划分句子成分练习 题及答案 Company Document number：WUUT-WUUY-WBBGB-
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