词汇学期末复习题(附参考答案)

名词解释（10选5，一个4分）

词=The minimal free form of a language, which has a given sound, meaning and syntactic function.

词根=The basic unchangeable part of a word, and covers the main lexical meaning of the word.

词缀=Affixes are forms that are attached to words or word elements to modify meaning or function.

一词多义=Polysemy means that one single word has two or more senses at the same time.

同形异义=Homonyms are different words with the same form (spelling or pronunciation)

完全同形异义=Perfect homonyms are different words identical both in sound and spelling, though different in meaning.

同音异形异义=Homophones are different words identical in sound but different in spelling and meaning.

同形异音异义=Homographs are different words identical in spelling, but different in sound or meaning.

同义关系=Synonymy is a relationship of “sameness of meaning” that may hold between two words.

反义关系=Antonymy is a relationship of “meaning opposition” that may hold between two words.

上下义关系=Hyponymy is the sense relationship that relates words hierarchically. The underlying observation is that some words have a more general meaning, while others have a more specific meaning, while referring to the same entity.

问答题（6选3，一题10分）

1.(1)What does onomatopoetic motivation mean?

(2)What does semantic motivation mean?

(3)Dose it contradict the statement that there is no natural

connection between sound and meaning?

Answer:

(1)Onomatopoeic motivation means defining the principle of

motivation by sound.

(2)Semantic motivation means that motivation is based on

semantic factors.

(3)Facts have proved this argument to be valid. W ords that

convey the same meaning have different phonological forms in different languages – (for example, English meat / mi:t /,Chinese ròu. Alternatively, the same phonological forms may convey different meanings - for example, sight, site, cite.)

2.How many kinds of meaning are there in English?

Answer: There are 8 kinds of meaning in English, including grammatical meaning, lexical meaning, denotative meaning, associative meaning, connotative meaning, social (stylistic) meaning, affective meaning, collocative meaning.

3.(1)What is context?

(2)What role dose context play in linguistic communication?

（以下答案摘自网络，回答稍冗长，请适当精简）Answer:

(1)Context in its traditional sense refers to the lexical items that

precede or follow a given word. And there is linguistic context, refers to the words, clauses, sentences, paragraphs, or whole books in which a word appears. And extra-linguistic context, which refers to a particular time, space, or culture in which a word appears. There also is lexical context: the lexemes that co-occur with the word in question. The meaning of the word is affected or determined by the neighboring lexemes.

(2)Context can function as followed: eliminating ambiguity;

conveying emotional overtones; indicating referents and the range of the meaning of a word.

5.(1)What are the major types of synonymy?

(2)(3)Explain those types with examples.

Answer:

(1)In general, English synonyms can be divided into two types:

complete synonyms and relative synonyms.

(2)Absolute synonyms are words whose meaning is fully

identical in any context so that one can always be substituted for the other without the slightest change in meaning. For example: （例子自己找）

(3)Relative synonyms refers to which denote different shades of

meaning or different degrees of a given quality. This kinds of synonyms are the same in some degree such as （例子自己找）

6.(1)What are the major types of antonymy?

(2)(3)(4)(5)Explain those types with examples.

Answer:

(1)There are four types of antonymy, including complementaries,

gradable antonyms, relational opposites and semantic incompatibles

(2)Complementaries refer to pairs of words that represent an

either/or relation. （例子找书去）

(3)Antonyms of this type are best viewed in terms of a scale

running between two poles or extremes. The two opposites are gradable. （例子找书去）

(4)The substitution of one member for the other does not change

the meaning of a sentence if it is accompanied by the change of subject and object. （例子找书去）

(5) The words in a group of semantic incompatibles are in

contrast to the other members of the group, showing a contrastingness relationship between word and word （例子找书去）

7.What are the possible causes of language change?

(由于网上答案太泛，思路混乱，因此直接将课本原话翻译过来作为答案。)

Answer:

The possible causes of language change are as followed: (1) V arious social causes (including the change of social evolution, social environment, social level, national sentiment, racial sentiment, gender differences, social values and gobbledygook).

(2) The evolution of the language (including loanword, analogy

and the simplifying of words)

词汇学考试题目

词汇学考试题型 Ⅰ.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket.（2×15=30%） 1.In Old English there was _______ agreement between sound form.（） A. more B. little C. less D. gradual 2.Both LDCE and CCELD are _______.（） A. general dictionaries B. monolingual dictionaries C. both A and B D. neither A and B 3.The word "MINISKIRT" is _______.（） A. morphologically motivated B. etymologically motivated C. semantically motivated D. none of the above 4.The most important way of vocabulary development in present-day English is _______.（） A. borrowing B. semantic change C. creation of new words D. all the above 5.Beneralization is a process by which a word that originally had a specialized meaning has now become ________.（） A. generalized B. expanded C. elevated D. degraded 6.Some morphemes have _______ as they are realized by more than one morph according to their position in word.（） A. alternative morphs B. single morphs C. abstract units D. discrete units 7.Old English vocabulary was essentially _______ with a number of borrowings from Latin and Scandinavian.（） A. Italic B. Germanic C. Celtic D. Hellenic https://www.360docs.net/doc/2f16520140.html,pounds are different from free phrases in all the following ways EXCEPT _______.（）

现代英语词汇学概论最强版复习资料chapter

现代英语词汇学概论最强版复习资料c h a p t e r 文件管理序列号：[K8UY-K9IO69-O6M243-OL889-F88688]

Chapter 9 Changes in Word Meaning 9.1 Causes of Changes in Word Meaning 9.2 Four Tendencies in Semantic Change 9.3 Semantic Development or Change Resulting from the Figurative Use of Words Definition: Change of meaning refers to the alteration of the meaning of existing words, as well as the addition of new meaning to established words. 9.1 Causes of Changes in Word Meaning A.Historical cause 历史原因 It often happens that though a word retains its original form ,its meaning has changed because the object which it denotes has changed . *Changes of meaning because of increased knowledge of the object described are common in the history of science. Eg. pencil ==is from a Latin word meaning “a little tail” or “a fine brush”, like our Chinese “pen”毛笔.Later, when it was made of wood and graphite ,it was still called a “pencil”. atom ==It was borrowed though Latin and French from Greek arouos,invisible. Thus atom meant originally “an particle too small to be divided”. This meaning is now out-of-date, because scientist have found out that atom can be split.

英语词汇学试题

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词汇学第一、二章课后习题及答案

2012级（1）班 Chaper1 The Basic Concepts Of Words and Vocabulary I.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement. 1. ______is the most important of all characteristics of the basic word stock. A.Productivity Stability C.Collocability D.All national character 2. Nonbasic vocabulary includes all of the following except_______ . A.slang B.Anglo-Saxon words C.argots D.neologisms 3. According to the origins of the words, English words can be classified into _______ . A.content words and functional words B.native words and borrowed words C.basic words and dialectal words D.loan words and dialectal words 4. Borrowings can be divided into________. A.liens, semantic loans, translationloans, denizens B.empty words, notional words, form words, content words C.blends, portmanteau words, acronyms, initializes D.derivatives, compounds, converted words and clipped words 5. Apart from the characteristics of basic vocabulary, native words have two other features, namely_________. A.Productivity and stability B.neutrality in style and high frequency in use C.collectability and polysemy D.formality and arbitrariness 6．The word beaver(meaning“girl”)is_______ . A.a dialectal word B.argot C.an archaism D.slang 7. AIDS as a nonbasic word is_______ . A.jargon B.an archaism C.aneologism D.slang 8.Form words include the following word classes except_______ . A.conjunctions B.auxiliaries C.prepositions D.adjectives 9. Vocabulary can refer to the following except_______ . A.the total number of the words in alanguage B.all the words used in a particular historical period C.all the words of a given dialect D.most words a person knows 10.Kimono is a loan word from_______ . A.German B.French C.Spanish D.Japanese 11. _______ form the mainstream of the basic word stock. A.Anglo-Saxon words B. Frenchwords C.Danish words https://www.360docs.net/doc/2f16520140.html,tin words 12.Black humor is_______ . A.a translation loan B.a semantic loan C.a denizen D.an alien 13.Pronouns and numerals are semantically_______ and have limited_______ . A.polysemous;use and stability B.monosemous;collocability and stability C.polysemous;use and productivity D.monosemous;productivity andcollectability 14.Indigestion is_______ . A.jargon B.slang C.terminology D.an archaism

词汇学试题(1)

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英语词汇学第九单元测试题2(附答案)

C9 Test-2 below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that I. Each of the statements would best complete the statement. 1. The fixity of idioms depends on A. idiomaticity B. structure C. grammaticality D. style

2. Idioms are generally felt to be A. formal B. informal C. casual D. intimate 3. In the idiom “ move heaven and earth ” , is used. A. simile B. metonymy C. personification D. juxtaposition 4. A large proportion of idioms were first created by . A. linguists B. poets C. working people D. ruling class 5. Forms and functions of idioms are . A. different B. identical C. not necessarily identical D. not identical at all 6. Slang expressions are often peculiar to and varieties. A. stylistic, affective B. social, regional C. professional, cultural D. cultural, social 7. The semantic unity of idioms is also reflected in the relationship between the literal meaning of each word and the meaning of the idiom. A. illogical B. lexical C. grammatical D. logical 8. Idioms nominal in nature function as . A. adverbs B. modifiers C. nouns D. adjectives 9. In “Fire and water are good servants, but bad masters ”, figure of speech is . A. simile B. personification

英语词汇学复习题5

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英语词汇学知识点归纳

英语词汇学知识点归纳 Standardization of sany group #QS8QHH-HHGX8Q8-GNHHJ8-HHMHGN#

English Lexicology(英语词汇学) Lexicology（词汇学）: is a branch of linguistics, inquiring into the origins and meanings of words. The Nature and Scope of English lexicology： English lexicology aims at investigating and studying the morphological structures of English words and word equivalents, their semantic structures, relations, historical development, formation and usages. The subjects that English Lexicology correlated with and extent to： English Lexicology is correlated with such linguistic disciplines as morphology(形态学), semantics(语义学), etymology(词源学),stylistics（文体论） and lexicography(词典学) The reason for a student to study English lexicology： According to the textbook, English Lexicology will definitely be beneficial for students of English. A good knowledge of morphological structures of English words and rules of word-formation will help learners develop their personal vocabulary and consciously increase their word power. The information of the historical development and the principles of classification will give them a deeper understanding of word-meaning and enable them to organize, classify and store words more effectively. The understanding and their sense relations will gradually raise their awareness of meaning and usage, and enable them use words more accurately and appropriately. A working knowledge of dictionaries will improve their skills of using reference books and raise their problem-solving ability and efficiency of individual study. Chapter 1--Basic concepts of words and vocabulary Word（词的定义）: A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function. (1)a minimal free form of a language (2)a sound unity (3)a unit of meaning (4)a form that can function alone in a sentence Sound and meaning（声音与意义）: almost arbitrary, “no logical relationship between the sound which stands for a thing or an idea and the actual thing and idea itself” Sound and form（读音和形式）:不统一的四个原因（1）the English alphabet was adopted from the Romans,which does not have a separate letter to represent each other （2）the pronunciation has changed more rapidly than spelling over the years（3）some of the difference were creates by the early scribes（4）the borrowings is an important channel of enriching the English vocabulary Vocabulary（词汇）: all the words in a language make up its vocabulary Classification of English Words： By use frequency:basic word stock&nonbasic vocabulary By notion:content words&functional words By origin:native words&borrowed words The basic word stock（基本词汇）: is the foundation of the vocabulary accumulated over centuries and forms the common core of the language. Though it constitute a small percentage of the EV, it is the most important part of vocabulary. The Fundamental Features of the Basic Word Stock(基本词汇的特征): 1)All-National character（全民通用性most important） 2)Stability（相对稳定性） 3)Productivity（多产性） 4)Polysemy（多义性） 5)Collocability（可搭配性）没有上述特征的words:(1)Terminology(术语) (2)Jargon（行话） (3)slang（俚语） (4)Argot（暗语）（5）Dialectal words(方言) (6) Archaisms（古语） (7) Neologisms（新词语）:Neologisms means newly-created words or expressions, or words that have taken on new meanings.(email) Content words/notional words实词(cloud, run walk, never, five, frequently) and functional words/empty words虚词(on, of, and, be, but) Native Words and Borrowed Words Native words（本族语词）: known as Anglo-Saxon words (50,000-60,000), are words brought to Britain in the 5th century by the Germanic tribes. (mainstream of the basic word-stocks).Two other features:(1)neutral in style (2)frequent in use

00832英语词汇学2014年04月真题及答案

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词汇学期末复习题(附参考答案)

词汇学考试题目

现代英语词汇学概论最强版复习资料chapter

英语词汇学试题

词汇学第一、二章课后习题及答案

词汇学试题(1)

最新英语词汇学期末复习资料资料

英语词汇学第九单元测试题2(附答案)

英语词汇学复习题5

英语词汇学知识点归纳

00832英语词汇学2014年04月真题及答案