全新主题大学英语

Unit One

Powerful Words

Section A

Pre-reading Questions

1. What do you think is the purpose of college education?

2. Do you think college is an indispensable part of one’s education? Why?

3. Have you heard of Harvard University? Why do you think it is so famous?

Almost a household name, Harvard sets standards for top universities in the world. When its president Lawrence H. Summers speaks, his words become powerful in defining what it means to be an educated person today.

2006 Harvard Commencement Address

1The world that today’s Harvard’s graduates are entering is a profoundly different one than the world administrators like me, the faculty, and all but the most recent alumni of Harvard entered.

2It is a world where opportunities have never been greater for those who know how to teach children to read, or those who know how to distribute financial risk; never greater for those who understand the cell and the pixel; never greater for those who can master, and navigate between, legal codes, faith traditions, computer platforms, and political viewpoints.

3Scientific and technological advances are enabling us to comprehend the furthest reaches of the cosmos, the most basic constituents of matter, and the miracle of life. They offer the prospect of liberating people from drudgery on an unprecedented scale and of eliminating dreaded diseases.

4Globalization is making the world smaller, faster and richer.

One-third of human beings now live in places where the standards of living may increase 30 fold in a single human lifespan — a transformation that dwarfs what we call the Industrial Revolution. Still, 9/11, avian flu, Darfur, and Iran remind us that a smaller, faster world is not necessarily a safer world.

5Our world is bursting with knowledge — but desperately in need of wisdom. Now, when sound bites are getting shorter, when instant messages crowd out essays, and when individual lives grow more frenzied, college graduates capable of deep reflection are what our world needs.

6For all these reasons I believed — and I believe even more strongly today — in the unique and irreplaceable mission of universities.

7Universities are where the wisdom we cannot afford to lose is preserved from generation to generation. Among all human institutions, universities can look beyond present norms to future possibilities, can look through current considerations to emergent opportunities.

8And among universities, Harvard stands out. With its great tradition, its international reputation, its remarkable network of 300,000 alumni, its unmatched capacity to attract brilliant students and faculty, its scope for physical expansion in Allston and its formidable financial resources, Harvard has never had as much potential as it does now. Thanks to your generosity and the endowment’s strong performance, our resources have increased in just the last three years by nearly seven billion dollars.

This is more than the total endowment of all but four other universities in the world.

9So I say to you that our University today is at a turning point in its history. At such a moment, there is temptation to elevate comfort and consensus over progress and clear direction, but this would be a mistake.

The University’s matchless resources —human, physical, financial —demand that we seize this moment with vision and boldness. To do otherwise would be a lost opportunity, not only for Harvard but also for humanity. We can spur great deeds that history will mark decades and even centuries from now. If Harvard can find the courage to change itself, it can change the world.

10Science

11Ponder this. Within the next 25 years, it is more likely than not that genomics will have led us towards a cure for many cancers; that stem cell research will transform treatment of diabetes, that basic research will make possible a vaccine for Alzheimer’s, and that we will have means to control AIDS and malaria.

12Draw a circle with a five-mile radius from this point and you encompass the greatest concentration of biomedical talent on earth, and, almost as remarkable, the undeveloped urban real estate capable of making Harvard the world’s epicenter of biomedical progress.

13Recognizing the potential, we have in the last five years created a Stem Cell Institute to fill the gap left by federal policy and so ensure that this research area —with its promise for diabetes, Parkinson’s and much else — is fully explored.

14We have launched the Broad Institute for Genomics in collaboration with MIT, and embarked on planning and construction of more than 20 football fields’ worth of laboratory space to be devoted to interdisciplinary science in Cambridge and Allston. We have expressed

our commitment to scientific education in new undergraduate courses that cut across scientific disciplines, and that focus, too, on the economic, social, and ethical aspects of scientific discovery. And we are on the verge of creating, at last, a new school for engineering and applied science.

15All this represents a significant, and rapid, expansion of Harvard’s prior investment in science. But there is much more for Harvard to do.

We owe to the next generation, and to our own, every effort we can make.

16I look forward to the time when because of Harvard’s bold investments and its magnetic power, Boston is to this century what Florence was to the 15th— not the richest or most powerful, but the city that through its contribution to human thought shone the brightest light into the future.

17I look forward to the lives we will save.

18The World

19America today misunderstands the world and is misunderstood in the world in ways without precedent since World War II. A great university like ours has a profoundly important role to play in promoting international understanding.

20I know that my own professional path was set by the summer during graduate school I spent in Indonesia. There is no substitute for living abroad if one is to understand another country or even, I dare say, one’s own. The number of Harvard College students studying or working abroad has sharply increased over the past few years: now nearly two-thirds of a Harvard class —1,100 students —will work or study abroad this year.

21I look forward to the day when Harvard sets a standard for future leaders of our country by assuring that all students have meaningful international experiences before they graduate.

22There is much more to be done, too, in truly integrating Harvard with the world. Students from abroad coming here to study return home changed people, and those they meet here are changed by them.

Remember a few years ago the rescue of a doomed Russian submarine crew? This rescue was only made possible by a contact between a Russian admiral and an American admiral — two who never would have communicated if they had not met in a Kennedy School joint military program.

23And yet, we are still short of realizing the truly great curriculum our students are waiting for.

24I believe that to realize this curriculum, the faculty of the college will need to put individual preferences behind larger priorities and to embrace new structures and norms of teaching and learning. To provide the closer student-faculty contact our students deserve, faculty will need to take a greater role in leading discussions, in responding to student writing, in advising student concentrators.

25They will need to provide the broad introductions to large bodies of knowledge the students are right to demand. They will need to think with vision, and with generosity, across disciplinary borders and their particular fields to craft a compelling description of just what, in the 21st century, it means to be an educated person. I look forward to the day when Harvard is not just the greatest research university in the world, but is also recognized for providing the best undergraduate education in

the world —the day when once again what we do here in this yard defines the ideal of liberal education.

26Conclusion

27We owe it to those who come after us to become for this city, this region, this nation and this world a center of human improvement.

28Our long preeminence must become a spur, not a bar, to our constant transformation.

29I am honored to have served as your president during the early days of what I hope — and believe —will be Harvard’s greatest epoch. I have loved my work here, and I am sad to leave it. There was much more I wanted, felt inspired, to do. I know, as you do, that there are many within this community who have the wisdom, the love of Harvard, the spirit of service, and the energy that will be necessary to mount the collective efforts that this moment in history demands.

30I bid you farewell with faith that even after 370 years, with the courage to change, Harvard’s greatest contributions lie in its future.

(1372 words)

New Words

（黑正体表示一般要求，加★符号表示较高要求，加▲符号表示更高要求，黑斜体表示纲外词汇。）

administrator / / n.[C] manager of a business, public affairs, or a person’s estate 行政人员，管理人员；管理他人财产者

alumnus/ / n.[C] (pl.alumni / /) (mainly AmE) (fml.) former pupil or student 校友；毕业生pixel / / n. [C] smallest unit of an image on a computer screen 像素

viewpoint / / n.[C] 1point of view 观点，看法2 place from which one can see something 观察位置

comprehend▲/ / v.(fml.) grasp mentally; understand 领会；理解

reach / / n.1(pl.) parts of an area or a place that are a long way from the centre 边缘地带；边远地区2[U] extent to which a hand etc. can be reached out 伸手可及的距离3(sing.) limit to which someone or something has the power or influence 权力；影响力

constituent★/ / n. [C] 1 component part 成分，要素2 member of a constituency 选民，选区居民a. composing or helping to make a whole 组成的，构成的；有助于形成的

liberate / / vt.1 free someone from something that restricts their enjoyment of life 使自由；使摆脱约束（或限制）2 free (a country etc.) from an oppressor or enemy 解放（国家等）

drudgery / / n.[U] hard boring work 单调乏味的苦差事；繁重无聊的工作unprecedented★/ / a.never having happened or existed before 前所未有的；史无前例的

dreaded / / a.frightening or worrying 吓人的；令人担心的

globalization / / n.[U] idea that the world is developing a single economy and culture as a result of improved technology and communications and the influence of very large multinational companies 全球化

lifespan / / n.[C] length of time that something is likely to live, continue or function 寿命；可持续年限；有效期

dwarf / / vt. make something seem small or unimportant 使相形见绌；胜过n.[C] imaginary creature in children’s stories that looks like a very small old man 小矮人

flu▲/ / n. [U] infectious disease which is like a bad cold but more serious 流感，流行性感冒

burst / / vi.1 be full to overflowing 充满，

满得几乎要溢出2make one’s way suddenly or by force 突然闯入v. (cause to) break violently apart or open forcibly from within （使）爆炸；（使）爆裂；（使）胀破n.[C] sudden short period of great activity, loud noise, strong feeling; outbreak 爆发；突发

desperately/ / https://www.360docs.net/doc/301063583.html,ed to emphasize the extreme degree of something 极度地

frenzied/ / a.full of uncontrolled excitement and/or wild activity; mad 疯狂的；充满激情的

irreplaceable/ / a. that cannot be replaced 无法替代的

emergent/ / a.new and still developing 新兴的；处于发展初期的unmatched/ / a.better than all others 无比的；无双的

scope / / n.[U] 1space or chance for action or thought; opportunity （供采取行动、思考等的）天地，机会，余地2 area within the limits of a question, subject, action, etc.; range 范围

formidable★/ / a.1inspiring dread, awe, or respect 可怕的；令人敬畏的；令人惊叹的；令人钦佩的2hard to overcome or deal with 难以克服的；难以对付的

generosity★/ / n.[U] kindness, esp. in giving things to people 慷慨；大方endowment / / n.[C] amount of money that someone gives to an institution 捐款

temptation / / n.1[U] strong feeling of wanting to have or do something 引诱；诱惑2 [C] attractive thing or course of action 诱惑物

consensus / / n. [U](sing.) general agreement or opinion 意见一致，看法相同matchless/ / a.(fml.) better than

anyone or anything else 无与伦比的；无敌的；无双的

seize / / vt.1take advantage of (an opportunity etc.) 利用（时机等）2 take hold of forcibly or suddenly （猛力或突然地）抓住3take possession of forcibly or by legal power 武力夺取；攻占；没收

stem / / n.[C] 1central part of something from which other parts can develop or grow, or which forms a support 干，主干2long thin central part of a plant from which the leaves and flowers grow （植物的）茎，柄，梗vt. check or stop 堵住；阻挡；遏止diabetes▲/ / n.[U] disease in which sugar and starch are not properly absorbed by the body 糖尿病

malaria▲/ / n.[U] serious illness caused by being bitten by a mosquito, usu. in a hot country 疟疾

radius★/ / n.[C] (pl.radii / / or radiuses) 1(length of) straight line going from the side of a circle to the centre 半径2distance from a centre 半径距离；半径范围

undeveloped/ / a.1(usu.of a place) in its natural state, esp. not having industry, mines, building, modern farming, etc. （一般指地方）未开发的；未发展的，不发达的2 not grown to full size 发育不良的，未充分发育的

collaboration★/ / n. 1[U] process of working with someone to produce something 合作；协作2 [C] something that people produce by working together 合作成果

embark★/ / vi.set out on a venture; commence 着手，开始做v.put or go on board a ship or aircraft (to a destination) 登机；登船interdisciplinary / / a. involving different areas of knowledge or study 跨学科的；学科间的

verge★/ / n. [C] edge or border 边，边缘，边沿vi.be very close to a harmful or extreme state 接近；濒于

precedent★/ / n.[C/U] similar action or event that happened earlier 先前出现的事例；前例；先例

admiral▲/ / n. [C] high-ranking naval officer, commander 海军将官

joint / / a. held, done by, or belonging to, two or more persons etc. 共同的，共有的n. [C] 1 place at which two or more things or parts of a structure are joined 接头；接缝；结点；接合处2 point at which two bones fit together 关节

priority / / n.1[C] thing that is regarded as more important than others 优先考虑的事，重点2[U] high(est) place among various things to be done 居先；在前concentrator/ / n. [C] student who is concentrated on the study of a specific field选定某专业方向的学生

disciplinary★/ / a.1of or relating to a particular area of study 学科的，科目的2 connected with the punishment of people 纪律的；惩戒性的

liberal / / a.1concerned with increasing somebody’s general knowledge and experience rather than particular skills 通识（教育）的 2 open-minded 心胸宽广的 3 (societies, institutions, etc.) allowing a lot of personal freedom （社会或机构等）思想开放的，自由的

region / / n. [C] 1 geographical area or division, having definable boundaries or characteristics 地区，区域2 particular part of the body （身体的）部位

improvement / / n.1[C/U] (sign or result of) act of improving or state of being

improved 改进，改善，增进（的迹象或结果）2 [C] change or addition that improves something 改进之处

preeminence / / n.[U] (fml.) quality of being more important, powerful, or capable than other people or things in a group 杰出；卓越

epoch★/ / n.[C] long period of time in the history of a people or place 时代；纪元collective / / a. of, by or relating to a group or society as a whole 整体的，集体的；共同的

bid / / vt.utter (a greeting or farewell) to 致（问候或告别）v.(esp.at an auction) make an offer (of) （尤指拍卖时）出价n. [C] 1 offer to pay a certain price at a sale, esp. at an auction （尤指拍卖时）出价2(colloq.) attempt; effort 企图；努力

farewell / / int. &n.[C/U] (fml.) goodbye 再见；告别，告辞

Phrases and Expressions

all but everything or everyone except something or somebody 除…外全

都

avian flu illness that kills birds and can sometimes pass from birds to people

禽流感

sound bite short part of a speech or a statement, esp. one made by a politician,

which is broadcast on radio or television, e.g. as part of a news

program （尤指广播或电视中政治人物的）演说录音片段crowd out keep out because of lack of space 把…挤出，排挤

for all despite 虽然，尽管

stand out be much better or the best 比…好得多；杰出；出色

turning point time when an important change takes place 转折点；转机

stem cell cell, esp. one taken from a person or animal in a very early stage of

development, that can develop into any other type of cell 干细胞real estate property in the form of land or buildings 房地产，不动产

embark on begin 开始从事，着手做

cut across go beyond or across the limits of 超出…的界限

on the verge of very near to (the stated condition or action) 濒于，接近

short of not quite reaching 尚未达到

Proper Names

Darfur / /

Iran / /

Allston / / Alzheimer’s / /

Stem Cell Institute Parkinson’s / /

the Broad Institute for Genomics

Florence / / Indonesia / / Kennedy / / School 达尔富尔（苏丹西部地区）

伊朗

奥尔斯顿（波士顿市一地区）

阿尔茨海默病；早老性痴呆症（此疾病会侵袭并逐渐破坏人的大脑，使他们失去记忆及自理能力）

干细胞研究所

帕金森病（一种神经系统疾病，尤见于老年人，患者四肢颤抖不能自控）

布罗德基因组研究所（2004年由哈佛大学和麻省理工学院联合建立，美国著名生物医学研究所之一）

佛罗伦萨（意大利城市，以其艺术和精巧的建筑闻名）印度尼西亚

肯尼迪学院（哈佛大学的研究生院之一）

Unit One

Section B

Pre-reading Questions

1. Which American president do you admire most? Why?

2. If you were a newly-elected president, what would you say in the inaugural ceremony?

3. How much do you know of the campaign process of becoming an American president?

On January 20, 2009, Barack Obama changed history by becoming the first African-American President of the United States.

President Barack Obama’s Inaugural

Address

1My fellow citizens:

2I stand here today humbled by the task before us, grateful for the trust you have bestowed, mindful of the sacrifices borne by our ancestors. I thank President Bush for his service to our nation, as well as the generosity and cooperation he has shown throughout this transition.

3Forty-four Americans have now taken the presidential oath. The words have been spoken during rising tides of prosperity and the still waters of peace. Yet, every so often, the oath is taken amidst gathering clouds and raging storms. At these moments, America has carried on not simply because of the skill or vision of those in high office, but because we the People have remained faithful to the ideals of our ancestors, and true to our founding documents.

4So it has been. So it must be with this generation of Americans.

5That we are in the midst of crisis is now well understood. Our nation is at war, against a far-reaching network of violence and hatred. Our economy is badly weakened, a consequence of greed and irresponsibility on the part of some, but also our collective failure to make hard choices and prepare the nation for a new age. Homes have been lost; jobs shed; businesses shuttered. Our health care is too costly; our schools fail too many; and each day brings further evidence that the ways we use energy strengthen our adversaries and threaten our planet.

6These are the indicators of crisis, subject to data and statistics. Less measurable but no less profound is a sapping of confidence across our land —a nagging fear that America’s decline is inevitable, and that the next generation must lower its sights.

7Today I say to you that the challenges we face are real. They are serious and they are many. They will not be met easily or in a short span of time. But know this, America: They will be met.

8On this day, we gather because we have chosen hope over fear, unity of purpose over conflict and discord.

9On this day, we come to proclaim an end to the petty grievances and false promises, the recriminations and worn-out dogmas, that for far too long have strangled our politics.

10We remain a young nation, but in the words of Scripture, the time has come to set aside childish things. The time has come to reaffirm our enduring spirit; to choose our better history; to carry forward that precious gift, that noble idea, passed on from generation to generation: the

God-given promise that all are equal, all are free, and all deserve a chance to pursue their full measure of happiness.

11In reaffirming the greatness of our nation, we understand that greatness is never a given. It must be earned. Our journey has never been one of shortcuts or settling for less. It has not been the path for the faint-hearted —for those who prefer leisure over work, or seek only the pleasures of riches and fame. Rather, it has been the risk-takers, the doers, the makers of things — some celebrated, but more often men and women obscure in their labor —who have carried us up the long, rugged path toward prosperity and freedom.

12For us, they packed up their few worldly possessions and traveled across oceans in search of a new life.

13For us, they toiled in sweatshops and settled the West; endured the lash of the whip and plowed the hard earth.

14For us, they fought and died, in places like Concord and Gettysburg; Normandy and Khe Sanh.

15Time and again, these men and women struggled and sacrificed and worked till their hands were raw so that we might live a better life. They saw America as bigger than the sum of our individual ambitions; greater than all the differences of birth or wealth or faction.

16This is the journey we continue today. We remain the most prosperous, powerful nation on Earth. Our workers are no less productive than when this crisis began. Our minds are no less inventive, our goods and services no less needed than they were last week or last month or last year. Our capacity remains undiminished. But our time of standing pat, of protecting

narrow interests and putting off unpleasant decisions —that time has surely passed. Starting today, we must pick ourselves up, dust ourselves off, and begin again the work of remaking America.

17For everywhere we look, there is work to be done. The state of the economy calls for action, bold and swift, and we will act —not only to create new jobs, but to lay a new foundation for growth. We will build the roads and bridges, the electric grids and digital lines that feed our commerce and bind us together. We will restore science to its rightful place, and wield technology’s wonders to raise health care’s quality and lower its cost. We will harness the sun and the winds and the soil to fuel our cars and run our factories. And we will transform our schools and colleges and universities to meet the demands of a new age. All this we can do. And all this we will do.

18Now, there are some who question the scale of our ambitions — who suggest that our system cannot tolerate too many big plans. Their memories are short. They have forgotten what this country has already done; what free men and women can achieve when imagination is joined to common purpose, and necessity to courage.

19Our challenges may be new. The instruments with which we meet them may be new. But those values upon which our success depends —hard work and honesty, courage and fair play, tolerance and curiosity, loyalty and patriotism — these things are old. These things are true. They have been the quiet force of progress throughout our history. What is demanded then is a return to these truths. What is required of us now is a new era of responsibility — a recognition, on the part of every American,

that we have duties to ourselves, our nation and the world; duties that we do not grudgingly accept but rather seize gladly, firm in the knowledge that there is nothing so satisfying to the spirit, so defining of our character, than giving our all to a difficult task.

20This is the price and the promise of citizenship.

21 This is the source of our confidence — the knowledge that God calls on us to shape an uncertain destiny.

22This is the meaning of our liberty and our creed —why men and women and children of every race and every faith can join in celebration across this magnificent Mall, and why a man whose father less than 60 years ago might not have been served at a local restaurant can now stand before you to take a most sacred oath.

23So let us mark this day with remembrance, of who we are and how far we have traveled. In the year of America’s birth, in the coldest of months, a small band of patriots huddled by dying campfires on the shores of an icy river. The capital was abandoned. The enemy was advancing. The snow was stained with blood. At a moment when the outcome of our revolution was most in doubt, the father of our nation ordered these words be read to the people:

24“Let it be told to the future world ... that in the depth of winter, when nothing but hope and virtue could survive ... that the city and the country, alarmed at one common danger, came forth to meet it.”

25America. In the face of our common dangers, in this winter of our hardship, let us remember these timeless words. With hope and virtue, let us brave once more the icy currents, and endure what storms may come.

Let it be said by our children’s children that when we were tested, we refused to let this journey end, that we did not turn back, nor did we falter; and with eyes fixed on the hor izon and God’s grace upon us, we carried forth that great gift of freedom and delivered it safely to future generations.

(1355 words)

New Words

inaugural▲/ / a.of or for an inauguration 就职的；开幕的

humble / / vt. make somebody feel that they are not as good or important as they thought they were 贬低；使感到卑微bestow▲/ / vt. (fml.) give 给予，赠给；授予

mindful/ / a. giving thought (to) 想着的

cooperation / / n.[U] 1 willingness to work together or help 协助；配合2 act of working together for a shared purpose 合作

presidential★/ / a.relating to a president 总统的

prosperity / / n.[U] prosperous state 繁荣，富足

amidst / / prep. (fml.) in the middle of, among; amid 在…之中，在…中间gathering / / a. gradually increasing 逐渐增加的

rage / / vi. (of wind, battle, etc.) be violent （风）狂吹

raging / / a. happening with a lot of force or violence 狂暴的；猛烈的violence / / n.[U] 1violent behaviour 暴力行为2 physical or emotional force and energy 狂热；激情；激烈的行动badly / / ad.1severely 严重地，厉害地2 in a bad manner 坏，差；拙劣地3 very

much 很，非常

weaken / / v.1make or become less strong or powerful （使）虚弱，衰弱；减弱；削弱2 make or become less determined or less certain （使）动摇；（使）犹豫不决greed▲/ / n.[U] excessive desire, esp. for wealth 贪心，贪婪

shutter★/ / vt. close a business, office, etc. for a short time or permanently 关（店）；关闭（办事处）；（暂时或永久性地）停止（营业）

strengthen / / v. make or become stronger 加强；增强

adversary▲/ / n.[C] (fml.) enemy, opponent 敌人，对手

indicator / / n. [C] something that can be regarded as a sign of something else 指示物；指标

measurable★/ / https://www.360docs.net/doc/301063583.html,rge or important enough to have a definite effect 重大的；重要的；明显的

sap / / vt. weaken 使虚弱；削弱

nagging / / a.making you worry or feel pain all the time 无法摆脱的；烦人的；让人头痛的

span / / n.[C] 1amount of time that something lasts 持续的时间2width of something 宽度vt.1last all through a period of time or cover the whole of it 持续；贯穿2 cover or cross an area completely 覆

盖；遍布；贯穿3 stretch from side to side of 跨越

unity / / n.[U] situation in which people, groups, or countries join together or agree about something 联合；统一；团结；一致

discord▲/ / n. [U] (fml.) disagreement; quarrelling 不一致；不和；纷争

proclaim / / vt.1announce or declare publicly or officially 宣告；宣布；声明 2 be a clear sign of something 清楚表明；显示

grievance / / n.[C/U] real or fancied cause for complaint 不满；委屈；怨恨recrimination / / n. [U] act of quarrelling and blaming one another 相互指责

worn-out / / a. too old or damaged to use any longer 破旧的

Scripture / / n. [U] the Bible 《圣经》childish / / a. 1immature, silly 幼稚的；愚蠢的2 of, like, or proper to a child 孩子的；孩子般的；适合于孩子的

reaffirm / / vt. formally and officially state something again 重申；再次声明

given / / n. [C] basic fact that you accept as the truth 基本事实；不争的事实shortcut / / n.[C] quick method 便捷方法，捷径

faint-hearted / / a.cowardly, timid 怯懦的，胆小的

riches / / n. (pl.) valuable possessions 财富，财宝

risk-taker / / n. [C] someone who takes risks to achieve a benefit 冒险者

doer / / n. [C] person who acts rather than theorizing 实干家

obscure★/ / a.1(of a person) undistinguished, hardly known （人）默默无闻的，无名的2 difficult to understand 费解

的，难以理解的vt. make it difficult to see, hear or understand something 使模糊；使隐晦；使费解

possession / / n.1 [C] piece of personal property 个人财产，私人财物2[U] (fml.) state of having or owning something 具有，拥有

sweatshop / / n.[C] place where people work for low wages in poor conditions 血汗工厂（工资低、工作环境恶劣的地方）lash★/ / n.[C] sharp blow made by a whip etc. 鞭打vt. beat with a whip etc. 鞭打plow / / AmE v. turn over the soil before putting seeds into it 犁（地），耕（地）vi. force a way or make a track, sometimes violently 奋力前进n.[C] piece of farm equipment used for turning over the soil before putting seeds into it 犁

faction▲/ / n. [U] (fml.) disagreement or fighting between small groups within a larger group 内讧；派系斗争

prosperous / / a.successful; rich; thriving 成功的；富足的；繁荣的inventive/ / a.able to invent; imaginative 有发明才能的；富于想象力的remake / / vt.make again or differently 再制；翻新

swift / / a.1prompt 敏捷的；迅疾的2 quick, rapid 快速的；迅速的

grid★/ / n. [C] 1 set of wires that carries the electricity supply 输电网；电力网2 pattern of straight lines that cross each other to form squares 格子；方格；网格

rightful / / a. (fml.) officially or legally accepted as right or correct 合法的；正当的wield▲/ / https://www.360docs.net/doc/301063583.html,mand, exert (a weapon, tool, power, etc.) 掌握（武器、工具）；行使（权力等）

tolerate / / vt.1find or treat as endurable 容许；宽恕2endure (suffering etc.) 经受，忍受（痛苦等）3 be able to be

affected by a drug, difficult conditions, etc. without being harmed （对药物）有耐受性；能经受（困难条件）

honesty / / n.[U] quality of being honest 诚实，坦率

patriotism★/ / n.[U] strong feelings of love, respect, and duty towards your country 爱国主义

grudgingly / / ad.in an unwilling way 不情愿地，勉强地

uncertain / / a.1changeable, not predictable 易变的，无常的；无法预知的2 not certainly knowing or known 不确定的；不确知的；不能断定的

creed▲/ / n.[C] (fml.) set of principles or beliefs 信条，信念

celebration/ / n.[U] act of celebrating 庆祝

sacred★/ / a.1very important and treated with great respect 受尊重的；受崇敬的2connected with God or a god; considered to be holy 上帝的；神的；神圣的remembrance / / n. [U] act of remembering 记忆，回忆

patriot★/ / n.[C] person devoted to and ready to defend his or her country 爱国者，爱国主义者

huddle★/ / v.crowd together; nestle closely 聚在一起；挤成一堆

campfire / / n.[C] fire built outside by people who are camping 营火，篝火

icy / / a.covered with or abounding in ice 被冰覆盖的；结满冰的

stain / / v. leave marks that are difficult to remove 沾污，污染vt.spoil, damage (a reputation, character, etc.) 玷污，败坏（名誉、品格等）n. [C] dirty mark that is difficult to remove 污点；污渍

depth / / n.1 [C] (usu. pl.) deepest, most extreme or serious part of something 最深

处；深渊；极限2 [C/U] deepness 深度3 [U] wisdom 明智，智慧

virtue / / n.1[U] moral excellence; goodness 高尚的品德；德性2 [C] particular form of this 美德，德行3[C] good quality 优点，长处

alarm / / vt. frighten or disturb 使惊恐；使焦虑n.1 [U] sudden fear and anxiety 惊恐，惊慌2 [C] warning of danger etc. （危险等的）警报3 [C] warning device报警器hardship / / n.[C/U] (example of) difficult conditions of life 困苦，苦难；贫困timeless / / a.not affected by the passage of time 不受时间影响的

falter▲/ / vi. lose courage 丧失勇气

Phrases and Expressions

every so often

at war

on the part of subject to

set aside

carry forward

full measure of sth.

settle for

pack up

worldly possessions time and again stand pat

pick oneself up dust off

call for

fair play

call on

in doubt

fix on occasionally 偶尔，有时

engaged in a war 处于交战状态

made or done by 就…而言

depending on whether something happens 取决于…的；有待于…的

not consider something, because other things are more important 暂时不考虑

develop; continue 发展；继续

(fml.) all of something or something at its strongest, most powerful, etc. 某物的全部；某物的最大程度

accept or agree to (esp. a less desirable alternative) （无奈地）同意接受（尤指非首选的替代方案）

put things into a bag, case, or box so that you can take or send them somewhere 把物品装进（包、箱子、盒子以便携带或寄送）

all the things that someone owns 某人的全部财产

on many occasions 反复，多次

AmE refuse to change your decision or opinion 固执己见

raise oneself after a fall or failure （跌倒后）再爬起来

wipe dust or dirt off the surface of something 擦去/拍去/拂去…的灰尘

need 需要

fair and honest treatment of people 公平竞争

ask or demand that somebody do something 请求，要求（某人做某事）

open to question 不确定的；可争论的

look at or think about something with great attention 注视，凝视；集中

Proper Names

Barack Obama / /

the West

Concord / / Gettysburg / / Normandy / / 巴拉克·奥巴马（1961～，美国第44任总统）

美国西部地区

康科德（马萨诸塞州的一个小镇，美国革命中著名战役康科德战役的战场）

葛底斯堡（宾夕法尼亚州的一个小镇，美国南北战争中著名战役葛底斯堡战役的战场）

诺曼底（法国北部地区，第二次世界大战中盟军士兵在诺曼底登陆，开辟了第二战场）

Khe Sanh / /

Mall / /

溪山（越南地区，曾是越南战争时期美国海军基地，越战中著名的溪山战役的战场）

草地广场（华盛顿特区的一个公园，在白宫对面，其中有林肯纪念堂、华盛顿纪念碑等著名建筑）

Unit Two Famous Figures

Section A

Pre-reading Questions

1. What contribution does charity work make to the society?

2. Have you ever done any voluntary work? If so, talk about it.

3. What do you think is the best way to help the poor or the sick?

What would American Presidents do after they leave office? Bill Clinton chose to help people who really need his help and thus became even more “powerful ” than when he was the President.

The Power of Philanthropy

1 Welcome to the world of the Clinton Foundation — which, it should be said at the outset, is not a foundation at all in the

traditional sense, because it has no money of its own. What it does have, of course, is Bill Clinton and all he brings with him: what Dr. Richard

Feachem, executive director of the Global Fund, calls his “personal bully pulpit” ; what Bob Carson, outgoing chairman of the American Heart Association, calls his “mind -boggling convening power”; what Doug Band, who began as Clinton?s personal aide in the White House and now carries the ti tle of counselor, calls his “ability to motivate people and move mountains.”