大学英语四级写作资料
大学英语四级写作资料
一、大学英语四级考试大纲（2006 修订版）对写作的要求
写作选用考生所熟悉的题材。考生根据规定的题目和所提供的提纲、情景、图片或图表等，写出一篇不少于120词的短文。写作要求是思想表达准确、意义连贯、无严重语法错误。考试时间30分钟。
写作部分要求考生用英语进行短文写作，思想表达准确、意义连贯、无重大语法错误。写作部分考核的技能是：
A.思想表达
1.表达中心思想
2.表达重要或特定信息
3.表达观点、态度等
B.篇章组织
4.围绕所给的题目叙述、议论或描述，突出重点
5.连贯地组句成段，组段成篇
C.语言运用
6.运用恰当的词汇
7.运用正确的语法
8.运用合适的句子结构
9.使用正确的标点符号
10.运用衔接手段表达句间关系（如对比、原因、结果、程度、目的等）
D.写作格式
11.运用正确的符合英语表达习惯的写作格式
大学英语四级考试写作部分要求考生达到《教学要求》中的一般要求，即“能完成一般性写作任务，能描述个人经历、观感、情感和发生的事件等，能写常见的应用文，能就一般性话题或提纲在半小时内写出至少120词的短文，内容基本完整，用词恰当，语意连贯。能掌握基本的写作技能。”
二、四级考试写作评分标准
（1）本题满分为15分。
（2）阅卷标准共分四等：2分、5分、8分、11分及14分。各有标准样卷1-2份。
（3）阅卷人根据阅卷标准，对照样卷评分，若认为与某一分数（如8分）相似，即定为该分数（即8分）；
若认为稍优或稍劣于该分数，则可以加一分（即9分）或减一分（即7分）。但不得加或减半分。（4）评分标准
?2分：条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或绝大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。
?5分：基本切题。思想表达不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重语法错误。
?8分：基本切题。思想表达清楚，文章尚连贯，但语法错误较多，其中有一些是严重错误。
?11分：切题。思想表达清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语法错误。
?14分：切题。思想表达清楚，文字通顺，连贯性较好，基本上无语法错误。仅有个别小错误。
?注：白卷、所写内容与题目毫不相关或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想，则给0分。
（5）字数不足应酌情扣分。
题目中给出主题句、起始句和结束句，均不得记入所写字数。
只写一段者：0-4分；只写两段者，0-9分（指规定三段的作文）
（6）各档作文相当于百分制的得分，列表如下，称为得分率。其中9分的得分率为60分（相当于百分制的60分）。
三、四级考试作文最低分规定
教育部高等教育司及全国大学英语四、六级考试委员会，于1996年11月作出了“大学英语作文将要从1997年6月开始实行英语作文最低分”的若干规定。具体记分方法如下：
1. 根据目前考生的作文均值，将作文分的最低分定为6分。
2. 作文分为0分，总分若高于60分，报分时一律作为59分不及格处理；若低于60分，报分时一律再减6分；
3. 作文分大于0分，小于6分，则按下式计算成绩：
例（1）原计算总分为63分，实得作文分为2分，最后报分：63-6+2=59分
例（2）原计算总分为80分，实得作文分为4分，最后报分：63-6+4=78分
例（3）原计算总分为55分，实得作文分为3分，最后报分：55-6+3=52分
四、本期训练重点题型（期末考试题型）
体裁：论说文
模式：
1、现象分析型
现象分析型作文主要是以当前社会上存在的热门现象为话题，如98年1月的“My View on Fake Commodities”，03年1月的“It Pays to Be Honest”，05年6月的“Say No to Pirated Products”等等。由此可见，标题的核心大都是当今社会存在的某种问题，如“假冒伪劣产品”、“盗版”等。面对此种作文，在描述现象之后，则可能具体分析该现象产生的根源（原因）、影响（正面影响和/或负面影响）、解决方案或发展方向等。那么，具体从哪一方面入手，如何组织文章的内容，详略如何布局等问题，则需要根据具体的提纲而定。
例如：
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Student Use of Computers. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the chart and the outline given below:
1.上图所示为某校大学生平均每周使用计算机的时间: 1990年（2 hours）、1995年(4 hours)、2002年(14 hours)，请描述其变化；
2. 请说明发生这些变化的原因（可从计算机的用途、价格或社会发展等方面加以说明）；
3. 你认为目前大学生在计算机使用中有什么困难或问题。
[参考范文] Student Use of Computers
Students tend to use computers more and more nowadays. Reading this chart, we can find that the average number of hours a student spends on the computer per week has increased sharply. In 1990, it was less than 2 hours; and in 1995, it increased to almost 4 hours; while in 2000, the number soared to 20 hours.
Obviously computers are becoming more and more popular. There are several reasons for this. First, computers facilitate us in more aspects of life. Also, the fast development of the Internet enlarges our demands for using computers. We can easily contact with friends in remote places through the Internet. Besides, the prices of computers are getting lower and lower, which enables more students to purchase them.
Along with the time spent on computers, there arise some problems. The most serious one is that many students are spending so much time playing PC games so that they ignore their studies. It is urgent to let the students use computers in a proper way.
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic It Pays to Be Honest.
You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:
1．当前社会上存在许多不诚实的现象
2．诚实利人利已，做人应该诚实
[参考范文] It Pays to Be Honest
Honesty is a cherished Chinese traditional virtue. But nowadays there are many dishonest cases in society. Some businessmen cheat their customers for higher profits. Some employees cheat their bosses for higher positions. Some people cheat their friends for more money. Even some government officials cheat their people for more interests. These phenomena anger every person of integrity. Then, why do they come into being?
This may be because these people believe that nobody will find out their dishonesty. However, eventually their customers will come to purchase their products no more, their bosses will dismiss them, their friends no longer help them in case of their crisis, and their people will remove them from office. They pay the price for their own behavior. Therefore, everyone should be honest, which benefits not only himself but also others.
1．有些大学校园浪费现象日益严重
2．浪费的危害
3．杜绝浪费，从我做起
Reduce Waste on Campus
Nowadays, there is an increasingly serious phenomenon on campus-waste. Rows of lights glare in studentless classrooms, residue of rice and dishes jam in the waste buckets, taps of water weep with nobody doing washing around...
Such sights are so common yet so serious that it is high time that they were eliminated, because now we are living in a world short of fresh water and it is not exaggerating to say that every drop of water is precious. And although many of us don't have to worry about lack of food any more, there are still millions who are starving somewhere in the world. If we do not cherish things we have today, sooner or later we will be short of them, since many resources cannot be recycled.
To reduce waste on campus, everyone should discipline himself: Turn off the light when you are the last to leave the classroom. Use metal or plastic chopsticks instead of disposable ones--and eat up! Keep a teacup in your school bag rather than throw each bottle away after it becomes empty!
Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Say No to Pirated Products. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below:
1. 目前盗版的现象比较严重
2. 造成这种现象的原因及其危害
3. 我们应该怎么做
Say No to Pirated Products
At present, piracy is becoming unprecedentedly visible in China. Any products, like tapes, CDs and hi-tech devices, can be copied, not to mention books. Shortly after a newly-published book hits the shelves, people will unsurprisingly find its pirated counterparts in the stores.
It has been widely believed that piracy has caused a great loss to legitimate producers, inventors and authors in many ways. To start with, pirated products often cost much less than the original ones, so they enjoy unbeatable advantage in price in spite of their relatively poor quality. The original ones, on the contrary, sell badly. As far as pirated books are concerned, they do great' harm to the authors' reputation due to their misprints. In the long run, pirated products may also have a negative impact on customers since those legitimate producers' enthusiasm may be greatly hurt by the fact that some customers are more inclined to purchase pirated products.
In my opinion, it's high time that the government called on everyone to start the battle against piracy.
Besides, as customers, we should develop our consciousness to resist pirated products. And laws should be strictly carried out to ban piracy from spreading any further. Only in this way can we put an end to piracy and create a healthy environment for both customers and producers.
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Traveling Abroad. You should write at least 150 words based on the chart and outline given below:
Number of people in City X traveling abroad in 1995, 2000 and 2005
1．近十年来X市有越来越多的人选择出境旅游
2．出现这种现象的原因
3．这种现象可能产生的影响
Travelling Abroad
The diagram shows the numbers of people in City X traveling abroad in 1995, 2000 and 2005. As indicated in the table, in 1995, about 10,000 people in the city went sightseeing abroad. Five years later, in the year of 2000, the number increased greatly to 40,000. Another five years later, in 2005, the number dramatically tripled, reaching a surprising peak of more than 120,000. We can see clearly more and more people traveling abroad in the last ten years.
One reason for this drastic increase can be attributed to the booming of Chinese economy in these years, which has significantly raised the income of the people. With more savings in their bank accounts, people no longer regard traveling abroad as a luxury which they could hardly afford before. This may also be due to the rapid development in the social culture in China, which have greatly broaded the horizons of the Chinese people and have made them more interested in the outside world. Indeed, few people now can resist the temptation of the sunlight in Thailand, the mysteries in Egypt and the beaches in Australia.
This rapid development in traveling abroad is very rewarding. More Chinese tourists traveling abroad will surely promote China's economic and cultural exchange with other countries. And also, with increased contacts, there will be better mutual understanding between people of these countries. But the greatest benefit travel brings about is that it has greatly improved the quality of cultural life of the Chinese people.
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Digital Age. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.
1. 如今数字化产品得到越来越广泛的使用，例如……
2. 数字化产品的使用对人们工作、学习和辞海产生的影响
The Digital Age
分析：
由上可见，此种模式的作文的第一段一般都是某一社会现象的描述。在描述时不妨使用主题句加例子的模式，且略写较佳。第二（三）段详写，一般都是分析现象背后的原因（causes）或者该现象产生的影响（effects）。有时，这一现象可能是一坏现象——问题时，则可能要求分析解决这一问题的手段或方式（如2005年6月六级作文）。这时，现象分析型作文与下边的问题解决型作文则融合在一起（作文的例子参见历年真题范文）。
2、问题解决型
问题解决型作文的特点是：作文题目中一般就直截了当地给出了文章应该说明的主要内容——问题解决的办法，如“How to Solve the Housing Problems in Big Cities”，“How I Finance My Education”，“How to Succeed in a Job Interview”等等。此类作文在谋篇布局时，一般按照一个提纲一个段落来布局；但是到底哪个（些）段落详写，哪个（些）段落略写，则视具体情况而定。以2000年1月四级作文为例，作文给了
两个提纲，这时，不妨两个提纲都详写。提纲1可以采用“主题句+how1（方式一）+how2+how3”的方式，提纲2则可以采取“主题句（问题的解决方案）+why1（原因一）+why2+why3”的方式。而对于2001年1月四级作文，同样可以两段布局且都详写。其中，第一段采用“主题句（作用）+waht1（什么作用）+waht2+what3”的方式，第二段则可以采用如下图示的复合模式来写作，从而避免简单例举各种解决方案的单调（作文的例子参见历年真题范文）。
How1 why
主题句How2 why
How3 why
例如：
Directions: For this part ,you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic How I Finance my College Education.9 You should write at least 100 words ,and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1.上大学的费用（tuition and fees）可以通过多种途径解决
2.哪种途径适合我（说明理由）
[参考范文] How I Finance My College Education
College education plays a very important role in people's life. With more and more people entering the university, how to finance the college education has been an issue in debate. In fact, the problem can be dealt with in many ways. The easiest way is to get all the money from parents. If that is impossible, students can apply for a loan from the bank. Or, making money by doing a full-time job in summer and winter holidays is another solution. Maybe, the most possible way is to ask parents for the greater part of tuitions and fees with the rest paid by students themselves by doing a part-time job.
From my point of view, I will choose the last way to pay my tuitions and fees. If my parents provide most of tuitions and fees for my college education, I can be absorbed in my study and don't worry too much about my life. Meanwhile, a part-time job in my spare time can supply me with some working experience, and make me know more about the society. Therefore, this way is the best one for me.
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic How to Succeed in a Job Interview? You should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below:
1 面试在求职过程中的作用
2 取得面试成功的因素：仪表、举止谈吐、能力、专业知识、自信、实事求是……
[参考范文] How to Succeed in a Job Interview?
Nowadays, students must seek jobs by themselves. Job interview is the only way to have access to the doom of the employers. So succeeding in a job interview is very important.
But how can one succeed in a job interview? Firstly, you should be very well prepared. Bring along as much information about yourself as possible: your diploma certification, your credit records, certification about your awards, your publications, and the most important of all, an excellently-designed resume, in both Chinese and English. Secondly, you must pay much attention to your appearance. In order to prove yourself a well-educated person, you must first of all be dressed properly. While talking with the interviewer, you should look at the one you are talking to with understanding eyes. While standing, you should stand firm, never making big gestures. While sitting, you should never sit cross-legged. Always remember to listen attentively to the person talking. A slight nod of your head is always timely to show your willingness to communicate. Thirdly, you must be confident about
yourself. Never be nervous. Let your smiling face show friendliness first. While talking about your strong points, be honest, never beast or even tell a lie.
Are you sure you are well prepared? You can go now, and you will succeed, without doubt.
五、现象分析型作文的可套用句式
开头：
? 1 Nowadays, we often hear that (提出现象).
? 2 This phenomenon is not accidental, and there is social and individual background.
正文：
? 3 A number of factors, both physical and psychological affect/both individual and social contribute to ? 4 For one thing, (原因1). 5 For another,
(原因2). 6 For instance, (举例说明). 7 From that, 8 we .
结尾：
?9 As far as I am concerned, I agree that . 10 I think that (作者本人的观点). 11 .
?结尾或为：9 We should take measures to . 10 First, (措施1). Second, (措施2). 11 Finally, (措施3).
六、问题解决型作文的可套用句式
开头：
? 1 Today, with , a serious social problem has arisen —.(目前的现象及存在的问题). 2 Many ways can contribute to (要解决的问题), but the following ones may be effective.
正文：
? 3 How can we solve this problem? I think there are three approaches. First of all, (方法1). 4 At first thought, the problem seems far too involved (复杂的), but it can certainly be solved when seriously dealt with. Besides, (方法2). 5 Finally, (方法3).
结尾：
? 6 In conclusion/ To sum up, the ways I have mentioned above should never be separated from each other. 7 (希望).
（备注：1、2、3表示文章句子的序号）
提示
该略写（一般情况下，根据文章的标题和具体的提纲来确定文章的详略。）
写些什么内容（what, why 还是how; 有时可能是其中两个的综合，比如，凡是“我的看法”之类，我们必须先给出明确的答案——我的看法是什么，然后简介理由——我为什么这么认为；因此，“我的看法”就
是“what + why”的融合）
做到语言顺畅，书写美观。
审视作文优劣的标准为：
1、结构（段落布局正确否，详略得当否，段落之间和段落内部衔接自然否）
2、内容（内容是否简洁精当、紧扣提纲）
3、语言（语句顺畅否）
4、书写（书写美观否）
五.四级写作高分策略
新四级考试并没有改变对写作的测试标准和要求，但在出题顺序上却做了明显的调整：写作作为第一项考查的内容，被提到新四级试卷的最开头，这令许多考生感觉不适应，部分网友甚至认为这是在折腾考生。其实，提高写作能力虽然较难，但写作教学却是一片大有可为的沃土。在过去十多年的英语写作辅导中，笔者坚持认为：考生如果坚持做到如下几点，就不难在规定的时间内写出一篇成功的英语作文。
1.了解英语写作的测试目的，准确把握题目的要求
英语写作测试，其实主要还是要考查学生组织英语语言的能力，和用英语表达思想的能力，体裁不外乎议论文，说明文和应用文，主题也是在大学生熟知话题基础上的翻新或扩展。综观历年的四级作文真题，变化趋势是从三段论的议论文向实用性更强的应用文体，尤其是书信写作方面倾斜。考生平时应有意识地就他们感兴趣的一些话题进行思考和拓展，争取在实践中磨练敏锐的审题能力。
2.迅速梳理写作的思路，列出并借助提纲进行写作
到了大学阶段，学生还是非常善于思考的，他们不仅想象力非常丰富，晚上做梦，还经常daydream, 各有独特的思维和写作思路。但是，如何将千头万绪的思路梳理清楚，学生则必须有真工夫。为此，在进行四级写作时，考生一定要首先形成自己的观点，之后合理运用一些手段，如常用的有四种：陈述理由、举例说明、提供数据、下定义等，之后充分就此展开论说。这样通过高效思考，严密组织，再辅以提纲形式的文章架构，考生一定会写出较符合规范的文章。
3.扩展写作提纲，草拟文稿，表述主要观点
在利用提纲展示个人写作思路的基础上，学生还应充分利用现有的英语水平，按照一定的逻辑思路，充分表达个人的观点。写作之初，学生不必字斟句酌，只要脉络清楚，具备轮廓就可以了。草拟文章的过程实际是把思维结果外在化的过程，学生应力争使文章具有连贯性和流畅性。草拟过程的顺利与否，在很大程度上取决于平时训练所达到的水平。许多考生畏惧作文，经常懒于动笔;还有一些考生认为写作很难提高，干脆放弃平时的训练。这些想法都是错误的。为真正提高写作水平，笔者建议大家从开始准备四级的那天起，就应有针对性地分体裁、分话题、分阶段地进行实战模拟，强迫自己一气呵成将文章写完，不必追求完美，不必在乎自己的文稿到底语言有多么不地道或出现多少语法错误。熟能生巧。只要坚持多写、多练，平时注意扩大阅读，写作的水平自然就会提高。
4.在反复揣摩的基础上，完善文章的草稿
自己修改作文是个好习惯，从训练之初就应注重在这个方面下功夫。修改作文必须从下面几个方面把握：注意句式结构的变化(要背诵一定的经典句型，而且要能够注意套改这样的优美句型)。例如：Not because I love Caesar less, but because I love Rome more(不是我不爱凯撒，而是我更爱
罗马)。需要指出的是，虽然习作中应注意使用优美或地道的句子，但不可简单地堆砌;句子长短也要错落有致，应包含一些相对复杂的句式，同时避免犯一些基础性的语言错误。
另外，学生还要注意文中运用的英语表达必须是简单且地道的(即easy but right English)。实际上，所谓这类的表达法界于词汇与句子之间，可称为语汇(英语中可用chunk来表达)。为了提高书面语言表达的地道性，学生应经常记忆这样的语汇，如an effective system for environmental protection和an effective system to protect the environment等。笔者在此处提出这个概念，且希望同学们加强这方面语汇的记忆，是因为太多的中国考生经常使用汉语的语法、英语的单词来组合一些中式(chinglish)表达。例如：高手(high hand)地道的英语表达是master hand; 老手(old hand)地道的英语表达则是seasoned hand;能手(can hand)的地道表达则是skillful hand, 以及you go me go, you no go me no go 等。
5. 正确把握遣词造句的原则
正确选择词汇非常重要，考生切不可盲目地追求大词、生词。其实，四级作文要求考生选词范围尽可能灵活宽泛，但非常忌讳以辞害义，如果能够用decrease，就别用plummet(也是下降的意思)。那么考生到底怎样才能利用有限的词汇资源，写出比较鲜活的英语作文呢?笔者在此推荐如下使用词汇技巧：
(1)尽量使用同义词避免简单重复
如“增加”可用increase, rise, grow, climb, go up, soar等;“重要”可用important, critical, vital, significant, crucial等。
(2)尽量使用词性变化来丰富自己的表达手段
和汉语一样，变化词性也是丰富英语表达的重要途径，是学习者提高英语水平的重要标志。英语学习者如果能够用to voice some different opinions 来替代to give/express some different opinions; 或to double/triple 来表示翻倍或增加三倍则会使文章在表达上更为形象而生动。
(3)尽量使用派生形式来点缀文章亮点
英语的构词特点就是使用前缀、后缀来完成灵活多变的语言特色。例如，it is of great importance/help/use/significance 来替代it is very important/significant/helpful/useful 本身就是英语水平的一个综合展示。另外，考生作文如果能够出现not unnecessary/not unimportant 来表达非常重要或者必要，则更能显示考生的英语功底。
6. 灵活运用句式变化的规则
前面也提过，四级作文长度要求不少于120个词，按考生作文句子的平均长度11个词估算，一般需要10—12 个句子。在四级作文评分标准里，对于句子长度虽然没有具体描述和量化给分，但是阅卷老师一般都会给文章里使用正确的长句子加上印象分，也会给错落有致的句式变化以奖励分数，如果考生能够在作文中恰当地使用一定难度的复杂句子，则更能起到锦上添花的作用。在写作训练中，考生其实可以欣赏范文，摘录名句，改装结构，模仿使用，直到熟练运用。笔者认为只要努力，下面的策略可以帮助立志争取作文高分的学生可以通过下面的几个措施来提高作文水平。
(1)欣赏范文，但不要囫囵吞枣式地整篇背诵。准备一个写作专用的笔记本，从范文欣赏中摘抄自己喜欢的、老师讲评的、值得推荐的句式结构。比如：I love you not because who you are, but because who I am when I am with you.(我爱你，并不是因为你是谁，而是因为我跟你在一起时的感觉。) Few People today, if any at all, would risk their lives swimming across the river dominated by flesh-eating crocodiles.(今天已经很少有人，如果还有的话，愿意冒生命危险游过那条鳄鱼出没的河流。), If you fail to plan, you plan to fail.(如果你没能做计划，你就是计划着去失败。)
(2)模仿名句，但不要生搬硬套。准备足够的草稿纸，把自己摘抄来的名句，(如有不懂，应当向明白人求教)拆卸八块，然后重新组合，如是反复数次，直到熟练，甚至于可以自如组装，灵活运用。比如：上面的句子学生就可以在熟练掌握的基础上分别演绎出：I suggest that you choose English as your major not because it is easier to learn, but because it is promising when you take better prospect of employment into account.(我建议你选择英语专业，并不是因为她学起来更容易，而是因为她更有前景，如果你考虑到更好的就业机会。);Most of the students, if not all, are likely to be absorbed in PC games such as counterstrike, which is more frequently known as CS(大多数学生，如果不是所有的学生，很可能被诸如反击这样的电脑游戏所吸引，这种游戏经常被更多的人叫做CS。).
(3)巧用心思，套用经典句型。鼓起勇气，说出自己想说的话，如果是母语，可能还好办，换成英语，大家最怕的是出错，出错扣分当然不好。但是利用经典句型组装一些长句子、靓句子和复杂句子对作文高分非常有帮助。比如作文开头常用句型：It is undoubted that …; there is no doubt that…; undoubtedly, there is…; It is beyond doubt that ….
(4) 写作是学生英语运用水平的具体体现，写作的功夫又是通过阅读、欣赏、模仿等具体手段训练出来的。写作过程中间很多实用技巧，需要读者舍得花时间、花精力、花心思去挖掘、去发现，只要你定期阅读我们的辅导专栏，相信你一定会收获N多的惊喜。
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◆无从下笔 ◆结构杂糅 ◆错误连篇 ◆逻辑混乱 ◆文不切题 ◆用语平淡 三、四大对策 ◆卷面设计 ◆写作内容 ◆行文逻辑 ◆遣词造句 四、真题回顾 ◆ 2006年6月 1、有些大学允许学生自由选择某些课程的任课教师； 2、学生选择教师时所考虑的主要因素； 3、学生自主任课教师的益处和可能产生的问题。 ◆ 2006年12月 1、许多人喜欢在除夕夜观看春节晚会； 2、但有些人提出取消春节晚会； 3、我的看法。 ◆ 2007年6月 1、本社团活动的主要内容； 2、参加本社团活动的好处； 3、如何加入本社团。 ◆ 2007年12月 1、各大学开设了各种各样的选修课； 2、学生因为各种原因选择了不同的选修课； 3、以你自己为例…。 ◆ 2008年6月 1、娱乐活动多种多样； 2、娱乐活动可能使人们受益，也可能有危害性； 3、作为大学生我的看法。 ◆ 2008年12月 1、一次性塑料袋曾广为使用； 2、由此带来的问题； 3、限制使用一次性塑料袋的意义。 ◆ 2009年6月 1、越来越多的博物馆免费开放，目的是什么； 2、也会带来一些问题；
2012大学英语四级考试写作辅导
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1. The Advantages and Disadvantages of Private Tutoring Private tutoring is “in”. A recent investigation shows that about 80 percent of pupils have private tutors. While private tutoring has both advantages and disadvantages, I feel that we should give more thoughts to its negative effects. Such a popular practice clearly indicates that people are attaching greater importance to education. Many parents either missed the chance of obtaining a good education themselves or have been too busy with their own business. When their children meet with difficulties in study, they are helpless. Private tutoring seems to be the only solution. As private tutoring is usually given on the one-to-one basis, the teacher knows the strong points as well as the weak points of the pupil; and teaching is, in most cases, directly to the point. Private tutoring benefits a lot of pupils, indeed. While on the other hand, private tutoring has its own disadvantages. For one thing, it takes up so much of the pupil’s time that they can hardly find enough time for rest or entertainment, which is essential for kids’ physical and mental health. Besides, some teachers, busy “shuttling” from one family to another, tend to neglect their regular teaching duties. What is more, some teachers are eager to help pupils do well on the test, offering the so-called tips for test-taking instead of helping them acquire
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这副眼镜我戴很好。 ★That's a bit expensive. That's a bit expensive.价钱有点贵。 A bit 表示“一点儿”，“有些”，在句中作定语或者状语，相当形容词或者副词。与a little 是同义词。例如： It's a bit cold today;you'd better put on more clothes. 今天有点冷，你最好多些穿衣服。 If you study a bit hard,you can pass the exam. 如果你多一点努力学习，你就能考试及格。 Please give me a little water. 请给我一点儿水。 ★The shop was quite new,for it had opened only the week before. The shop was quite new,for it had opened only the week before.因上周才开的，所以商店很新。 For 表示“因为”，相当于because 和as.表明原因，三个词中，because语气最强，for 语气最弱。For 表明的原因要写在后面。例如： I want to go to bed,for I feel tired. 我想去睡觉，因为我感到累了。 . . . .
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大学英语四级写作资料 一、大学英语四级考试大纲（2006 修订版）对写作的要求 写作选用考生所熟悉的题材。考生根据规定的题目和所提供的提纲、情景、图片或图表等，写出一篇不少于120词的短文。写作要求是思想表达准确、意义连贯、无严重语法错误。考试时间30分钟。 写作部分要求考生用英语进行短文写作，思想表达准确、意义连贯、无重大语法错误。写作部分考核的技能是： A.思想表达 1.表达中心思想 2.表达重要或特定信息 3.表达观点、态度等 B.篇章组织 4.围绕所给的题目叙述、议论或描述，突出重点 5.连贯地组句成段，组段成篇 C.语言运用 6.运用恰当的词汇 7.运用正确的语法 8.运用合适的句子结构 9.使用正确的标点符号 10.运用衔接手段表达句间关系（如对比、原因、结果、程度、目的等） D.写作格式 11.运用正确的符合英语表达习惯的写作格式 大学英语四级考试写作部分要求考生达到《教学要求》中的一般要求，即“能完成一般性写作任务，能描述个人经历、观感、情感和发生的事件等，能写常见的应用文，能就一般性话题或提纲在半小时内写出至少120词的短文，内容基本完整，用词恰当，语意连贯。能掌握基本的写作技能。” 二、四级考试写作评分标准 （1）本题满分为15分。 （2）阅卷标准共分四等：2分、5分、8分、11分及14分。各有标准样卷1-2份。 （3）阅卷人根据阅卷标准，对照样卷评分，若认为与某一分数（如8分）相似，即定为该分数（即8分）； 若认为稍优或稍劣于该分数，则可以加一分（即9分）或减一分（即7分）。但不得加或减半分。（4）评分标准 ?2分：条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或绝大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。 ?5分：基本切题。思想表达不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重语法错误。 ?8分：基本切题。思想表达清楚，文章尚连贯，但语法错误较多，其中有一些是严重错误。 ?11分：切题。思想表达清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语法错误。 ?14分：切题。思想表达清楚，文字通顺，连贯性较好，基本上无语法错误。仅有个别小错误。 ?注：白卷、所写内容与题目毫不相关或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想，则给0分。 （5）字数不足应酌情扣分。 题目中给出主题句、起始句和结束句，均不得记入所写字数。 只写一段者：0-4分；只写两段者，0-9分（指规定三段的作文） （6）各档作文相当于百分制的得分，列表如下，称为得分率。其中9分的得分率为60分（相当于百分制的60分）。
大学英语四级考试作文范文(已编辑)
目录 1.Should We Help Strangers? 2.Don’t Rely Too Much on Computers https://www.360docs.net/doc/3116071384.html, Talent Show 4.Killing Time Indoors 5.Restrict Mobile Phone in Library 6.My Opinion on Micro-blog 7.Celebrities as Products’ Spokespersons 8.Spam Message 9.Internet Slang 10.How to Relieve Stress 11.Is Military Training Necessary Now 12.Whom Do You Turn to When in Trouble? 13.On Self-employment of College Graduates 14.Text Messages on TV Shows 15.Attending Your Classes Regularly 16. A Brief Introduction to the University 17. A Letter to a Friend 18.Student Consultant to the Dean Wanted 19. A Letter of Thanks 20.ＡLetter of Job Application 21.How to Succeed in Passing CET-4?
22.Protect Non-Material Cultural Heritage 23.Suspend Schooling to Work 24.Registering Online with Real Names 25.Create a Conservation-Oriented Campus 26.Should Chinese Athletes Serve Overseas？ 27.Low-carbon Lifestyle 28.The Real-name Train Ticket System Launched 29.On Vegetarian 30.Should We Resume The Traditional Chinese Characters? 31.Principals Recommending Students to PKU 32.On Professional Ethics of Doctors 33.Should We Trace and Reclaim Cultural Relics Lost Overseas? 34.Should Enterprises Hold an Annual Meeting? 35.Should Universities Lower Admission Requirements for Celebrities 36.Does Technology Widen the Gap between the Poor and Rich? 37.On Lottery 38.Dialects in Movies and TV Series 39.Should Parents Read Their Children’s Diaries?
大学英语四级复习资料(全)
英语四级复习资料 大学英语四级考试流程 8 ：50---9 ：00试音时间 - 9：00---9 ：10播放考场指令，发作文考卷 9：10取下耳机，开始作文考试 - 9：35发放含有快速阅读的试题册（但9：40才允许开始做） 9：40---9 ：55做快速阅读 - 9：55---10 ：00收答题卡一（即作文和快速阅读） 9：55---10 ：00重新戴上耳机，试音寻台，准备听力考试- 10：00开始听力考试，电台开始放音- 听力结束后完成剩余考项。- 11：20全部考试结束。 - 标准分满分 710分=听力 248.5 ＋阅读 248.5 ＋综合测试 106.5 ＋写作106.5 。 一、 100 个高频词汇。 - 1 accelerate vt. (使)加速，增速- 【例】 accelerate the rate of economic growth - 加速经济增长- 【派】 acceleration n.加速accelerating a. 加速的- 2 account n.账户、考虑- 【考】 take sth. into account把考虑在内- 3 accustom vt.使习惯-
【考】 be accustomed to - 4 adapt vi.适应- 【考】 adapt to适应- 5 adjust vi. 适应- 【考】 adjust to... 适应- 6 advocate vt.宣扬- 7 affluent a.富裕的- 【派】 affluence n. 富裕- 8 annoy vt. 使烦恼 , 使恼怒- 【派】 annoying a.令人恼人的; - annoyance n.烦恼; - annoyed a. 颇为生气的- 9 ascribe vt. 把归咎于- 【考】 ascribe..to归因于- 10 assess vt. 评估- 【派】 assessment n.评估- 11 assign vt. 指派，选派；分配，布置（作业）-【派】 assignment作业- 12 assume vt. 假象、假定- 13 attain vt.获得- 【考】attain one's ideal达到理想- 14 attribute vt.把归因于- 【考】attribute sth.? to把 ... 归咎于- 15 attribute vt.归咎于 【考】 be attributed to? attribute sth. to- 16 automatically ad.自动地- 17 boost vt.提高，推动，使增长n.推动，增长-【例】boost the economy推动经济增长- 【派】booster n.支持者，推动器-
大学英语四级要求写作技巧
大学英语四级要求写作技巧 一、审题 1.审体裁(议论文，说明文，描述文) 审题就是要审作文的题材和体裁。因为什么样的体裁就会用什么 样的题材去写。那么体裁包括那些呢?它包括议论文，说明文和描述文。从近些年看，四级作文不是单一的体裁，而是几种体裁的糅合体。例如： Directions： For this part, your are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Trying to Be A Good University Student。 You should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline(given in Chinese)below： 做合格大学生的必要性 做合格大学生的必备条件(能够从德智体方面谈) 很多人说这种类型的作文是议论文。这是片面的，因为， 第一段要求写“必要性”，则是议论文; 第二段要求写“必备条件”，则要求写说明文; 第三段要求写“这样做”，则要求写描述文。所以在绝大部分情 形下，四级作文是三种体裁的糅合体。 2.确定相对应的写作方法 我们审题的目的就是根据不同体裁确定不同的写作方法。通过审题，我们能够看出四级作文大都是三段式。如上例第一段为议论体， 第二段为说明体，第三段为描述体。而各种文体又有不同的写作方式：
议论文：要有论点和论据，而且往往从正反两方面来论述。例如上面 第一段的思路是：做合格大学生，会怎么样(这是从正面论述);不能做 合格的大学生，又会怎么样(从反面论述);所以我们要做合格的大学生(结论)。说明文：能够从几方面来说明一个问题，能够从德智体三方 面来说明合格大学生的必要性。描述文：以“人”为中心描述一个“做”的过程。与上两段相比，本段的主语多为人称代词，他要与第 二段相呼应实行描述。 二、确定主题句 审完题后，接下来就是如何写的问题。第一步就是确定主题句， 主题句既能保证你不跑题，又能协助你制定写作思路。而写主题句最 保险的方法就是直接翻译中文提纲，如上述之段主题句为： It is very necessary to be a good university student。(议 论体的主题句) There are several respects of necessities to be a good university student。(说明体的主题句) What I will do in the future is the following。(描述体的 主题句) 三、组织段落 确定主题句后，接下来的工作就是展开论述。很多考生真正犯难 的也是这个步。最基本的解决办法是扩大词汇量，丰富自己的语法存储。在写作时，语法和词汇都是最基本的。不过，组织段落的水平也 是尤为重要的(接下来的连贯与衔接部分，我们更为详细的为大家讲解)。行文时，不但仅提供一些information,还要学会使用一些examples, personal experiences, comparisons, descriptions等等，只有这样，才不会觉得无话可“写”。 四、连贯与衔接 1.列举法
大学英语四级考试作文模板
大学英语四级考试作文模板 考生要想发挥出自己的最高水平，就有必要弄清楚大学英语四级考试作文的结构要求、出题思路。历年大学英语四级考试作文都有较为固定的模式和结构，考生可以整理出一篇“句式文章”。想好文章的开头采用什么样的句式，中间每段的主题句应该放在什么位置，如何去写，最后怎么结束，把这些都弄清楚，整理好了，大学英语四级考试作文差不多就变成了一篇“完形填空”，考生只需针对不同的题目填充不同的内容即可。下面是一些大学英语四级考试各种类型作文的模板(其中一些模板有详细的说明和范文，以备考生联系和模仿)，希望这些作文模板能对考生在大学英语四级考试作文上取得高分助一臂之力。 一、提纲式作文模板 1．说明原因型 模板(1)
Nowadays，there are more and more XX in some big cities．It is estimated that (1). Why have there been so many XX? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows．The first one is that (2)．Besides，(3)．The third reason is (4)．To sum up，the main cause of XX is due to (5)． It is high time that something were done upon it．For one thing, (6)．On the other hand, (7)．All these measures will certainly reduce the number of XX. 注释:l (1) 用具体数据说明XX现象I (2) 原因一 (3) 原因二 (4) 原因三 (5) 指出主要原因 (6) 解决建议一 (7) 解决建议二
大学英语四级作文范文30篇
范例一 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Attend Your Classes Regularly。You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese. 1. 现在大学校园里，迟到、早退、旷课是常见的现象 2. 保证学生的出勤率对大学教育的重要性 3. 作为一个大学生应该怎样做 Attend Your Classes Regularly Nowadays it is a very common phenomenon that some university students are late for or even absent from classes. And still there are some students who slip out of the classroom before the class is over. Class attendance has become a thorny problem to both the students and teachers. In fact, it is very important for the students to attend their classes regularly. First, it will ensure you to catch up with the teachers in your learning. That is very helpful to you if you want to do a good job in your study. Second, attending classes regularly is a way of showing respect to your teachers ,too. Your teachers will feel bad if the students do not attend their classes, which, in turn, will affect their teaching and be no good for the students. Third, attending classes regularly will help to form a good habit of punctuality, which is of great importance for the students to do a good job in the future. Therefore, we university students should form the good habit of attending our classes regularly from now on. And some day we’ll benefit from it. 点评：2008年元月三日，中山大学博士发帖称遭导师虐待；2008年元月四日，中国政法大学爆“杨帆门”事件；近几年，中小学老师或打学生或猥亵学生、体罚学生等各类新闻不断曝光，进而引发了师生关系的大讨论。本范例题为四级考试传统的问题解决型的写作，与校园生活密切相关。 范例二 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Students’ Rating of Their Teachers。You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese. 1. 学生给老师打分已经普遍 2. 人们对其持不同态度 3. 我的看法 Students’ Rating of Their Teachers Nowadays, it has become as common in colleges and universities for students to grade teachers as for teachers to grade students. In some universities students’ rating has even become the only source of information on teaching effectiveness.. This, however, has caused great controversy. Some are in favor of the rating system, They hold that since students attend the teachers’ classes every day, they should have their opinion
英语四级 应用文辅导讲义
英文书信的起首语 I was glad to receive your letter of May 4 ... With great delight I learn that ... I have the pleasure to tell you that... We have received with many thanks your letter of 20 May, and take the pleasure of sending you our latest catalog. I’m writing to… 英文书信的结束语 I hope to hear from you very soon. I look forward to your early reply (your reply at your earliest conv enience. Your early reply will be highly appreciated. I look forward to our next meeting. Please let us know if you want more information. Any other particulars required I shall be pleased to give you. We enclose two copies of... Enclosed is a resume of my background and experience. 如何完美表达书信中的“谢谢” I sincerely (deeply) (warmly) appreciate ...
[英语四级作文]英语四级写作要求
四六考试中，让考生十分苦恼的问题之一就是英语写作，想要自己的作文拿到高分不是投机取巧就能做到的，最主要还是与考生平时的练习息息相关，下面为大家总结的英语四级写作要求，希望对大家的复习有所帮助。 一.写作的目的及要求 目的：测试学生用英语书面表达思想的能力，能够直接有效地测出考生综合使用语言的能力，较准确地反映考生的英语水平。 要求：大学英语作文测试要求考生能够运用学到的语言知识，按规定的题目要求，在30分钟内写出一篇120个词左右的短文，语义连贯，表达正确，无重大语法错误。题目的内容包括科技，社会，文化，或日常生活等方面的一般常识。题目形式多种多样，有提纲作文，段首句作文，关键词作文，图表作文，书信作文，和规定情景作文等。 二.评分原则 1.四级作文题采用总体评分方法。阅卷人员就总的印象给出奖励分，而不是按语言点的错误数目扣分。 2.从内容和语言两个方面对作文进行综合评判。内容和语言是一个统一体。作文应表达题目所规定的内容，而内容要通过语言来表达。要考虑作文是否切题，是否充分表达思想，也要考虑是否用英语清楚而适切的表达思想，也就是要考虑语言上的错误是否造成理解上的障碍 三.写作的标准 14(99)分文章切题。文字通顺，条理清楚，无重大语言错误，仅有个别小错。 11(78)分文章切题。文字通顺，条理清楚，但有少量语言错误。 8(56)分基本切题。有些地方表达不清，文字勉强连贯，语言错误相当多，有些是严重错误 5(35)分基本切题。思想表达不清，连贯性差，有较多的语言严重错误。 2(14)分条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎，大部分有错误，且多数为严重错误 英语四级写作需要注意的问题 一、基本语法问题 通过对很多考生的试卷分析，发现在写作方面，基本语法层面的问题依然层出不穷，所以语法是四级作文写作的常见扣分点之一。例如：无法保持时态在全文的一致，这一现象很普遍，往往是紧接的两句，在没有任何时间状语的情况之下，就出现了时态的不一致;
大学英语四级作文终极版
大学英语四级写作专题（内部资料） 模板1：对比观点型 (1) 要求论述两个对立的观点并给出自己的看法。 1. 有一些人认为。。。 2. 另一些人认为。。。 3. 我的看法。。。 The topic of ①-----------------(主题)is becoming more and more popular recently. There are two sides of opinions of it. Some people say A is their favorite. They hold their view for the reason of ②-----------------(支持A的理由一)What is more, ③-------------理由二). Moreover, ④---------------(理由三). While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons. Firstly,-----------------(支持B的理由一). Secondly (besides),⑥------------------(理由二). Thirdly (finally),⑦------------------(理由三). From my point of view, I think ⑧----------------(我的观点). The reason is that ⑨--------------------(原因). As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. For me, the former is surely a wise choice . (2) 给出一个观点，要求考生反对这一观点 Some people believe that ①----------------(观点一). For example, they think ②-----------------(举例说明).And it will bring them ③-----------------(为他们带来的好处). In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point. For one thing,④-------------(我不同意该看法的理由一). For another thing, ⑤-----------------(反对的理由之二). Form all what I have said, I agree to the thought that ⑥------------------(我对文章所讨论主题的看法). 模板2：彻底批判型 With the prosperity of economy in modern society, _______主题has become a problem we have to face.The problem reflected is not rare nowadays,as we always read news that _______新闻出处.Reasons why this kind of _______现象occurs from time to time are various.One of possible causes is _______原因.It is also owing to the fact that . In any causes,however, _______这种事情可能会出现的原因could never be excuse for _______这种事情.Hence citizens/the public should _______采取什么样的措施to prevent _______这种事情的发生from occurring.Additionally,efforts of individuals/one/the public should be supplemented by _______方法,for example, _______举例说明(可有可无) ,which would be of great significance to . 模板3：说明利弊题型 说明利弊这种题型往往要求先说明一下现状，再对比事物本身的利弊，有时也会单从一个角度(利或弊)出发，最后往往要求考生表明自己的态度(或对事物前景提出预测)