高三英语复习基础知识解读UnitEnvironmentalProtection教师用书北师大版
Unit 22 Environmental Protection
(对应学生用书第151页)
[单词拼写应用]
Ⅰ.考纲单词——会拼写、要识记
1．trap vt. 使困住
2．principle n. 原则，道德准则
3．beyond prep. 超出
4．relevant adj.有关的
5．coincidence n. 巧合
6．condemn vt.迫使(某人)陷于不幸的境地；宣判
7．advocate vt.主张，提倡
8．recycle vt.回收利用
9．substitute n. 代替品，代用品
10．seize vt.依法没收；(用武力)夺取
11．means n. 方式，方法；手段
12．potential n. 可能性，潜在性
13．botanical adj.植物(的)
14．corrupt adj.贪污受贿的，腐败的15．conservation n. 保护
16．consensus n. 一致的意见
17．sacrifice vt.& vi.牺牲，献出
18．catastrophe n. 巨大的灾难19．negative adj.消极的，负面的
20．fragile adj.脆弱的；易毁的
21．valid adj.有充分理由的
22．evolution n. (生物)进化
Ⅱ.派生单词——能辨别
1．adopt vt.采用
→adoption n. 收养；采用2．reserve vt.保留；预约
n. 保护区
→reserved adj.预订的；保留的
→reservation n. 保护3．agriculture n. 农业
→agricultural adj.农业的
4．threat n. 威胁
→threaten vt.威胁
5．change v．&n. 变化
→changeable adj.多变的
6．separate v. 分开
adj.分开的
→separation n. 分离，分开7．construct vt.建造
→construction n. 建造8．finance n. 资金
→financial adj.财政的；金融的9．allocate vt.分配，配给
→allocation n. 分配，配给10．politics n. 政治(活动) →political adj.政治的
→politician n. 政治家11．sharp adj.锋利的
→sharpen vt.& vi.削尖
→sharpener n. 卷笔刀12．consider v. 思考；认为→considerate adj.想得周到的，体贴的→consideration n. 考虑；思考→considering prep. 考虑到；鉴于13．calculate vt.计算，算出
→calculation n. 计算
→calculator n. 计算器
Ⅲ.语境应用(用所给词的适当形式填空)
1．We supported each other financially(finance) and by showing up at events.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)
2．Agricultural(agriculture) development simply must precede economic development. 3．Some members of the committee expressed reservations(reserve) about the proposal. 4．The incident threatened(threat) to ruin his chances in the election. 5．Market is an effective means in allocation (allocate) of resources.
6．My calculation(calculate) is based on notional figures，since the actual figures are not yet available.
7．Considering his young age，it is quite considerate of him to consider other people before making decisions.(consider)
8．After a long separation，they both lived a separate life and in the end they separated peacefully.(separate)
9．A new bridge is being constructed over the river and its construction will be finished next year.(construct)
10．It is not safe to let the child sharpen his pencil using the sharpsharpener．(sharp)
[拓展联想]
Ⅰ.短语回顾——会默写
1．a number of 一些
2．beyond one's control 超出……的控制，不受……的控制
3．in turn 依次；反过来
4．lead to 引起，导致
5．ahead of 在……前面
6．apart from 除……以外
7．answer for (对已产生的不良后果)负责任
8．call for an end to sth. 要求结束……
9．on one's behalf 代表……
10．carry off 掠去，夺走
11．all in all 总的来说
12．earn one's living 谋生
13．as a matter of fact 实际上
14．break away from 摆脱，脱离(某种思想体系、团体、组织) 15．look ahead 展望未来，向前看
16．take action 采取行动
Ⅱ.语境应用(用上述短语的适当形式填空)
1．It was his carelessness that led to his failure in the exam.
2．Language is the carrier of culture and in turn it's influenced by culture. 3．Nowadays many teenagers want to break away from their parents and live a life free from being controlled.
4．If you drive this car without a licence，you'll have to answer for the consequences.
5．I thought we'd be late for the concert，but we ended up getting there ahead of time.
6．The young man made a promise to his parents that he would try to earn his living after graduation.
7．As a matter of fact，I've never been there before.
8．Mr Knight cannot be here，so his wife will accept the prize on his behalf．9．Thieves carried off the farmer's sheep during the night.
10．His idea is to look ahead and make a good plan.
11．A number of students were absent from the meeting for various reasons. 12．It's beyond my control to fall in love with you.
[拓展联想]
[句式结构仿写]
3.拟人修辞手法
The last few years have seen
environmental disasters on a grand scale，
and experts are predicting far worse to
come.
3.过去30年见证了中国的快速发展。
The last 30 years have witnessed/seen
the rapid development of China.
(对应学生用书第153页)
精讲6个考纲单词
trap v．使困住；诱捕；诱骗；使陷入困境
n．陷阱；圈套；捕捉器
[教材原句] Because of the greenhouse effect，the Earth is warmed by gases trapped in the atmosphere.因为温室效应，困在大气层中的气体使得地球气温上升。
(1)trap sb. into (doing) sth. 使某人陷入(做)某事的圈套；使中计
be/get trapped in 被困在……中
(2)fall into the trap of doing sth. 落入做某事的圈套
set/lay a trap for... 为……设圈套
有的钱都投资到一个地方，那样做不明智。
②She was trapped(trap) in the burning house at that moment.那时她被困在燃烧着的房子里。
③I was trapped into admitting(admit) I had done something wrong.我被诱骗承认我做错了事。
reserve v．贮存；保留；预订
n．[C]储备；贮藏；保护区
[教材原句] Breweries are often built in nature reserves.酿酒厂经常建在自然保护区。
(1)reserve sth. for 为……保留某物
reserve the right to do sth. 保留做某事的权利
(2)in reserve 备用
with/without reserve 有/没有保留地
(3)reservation n. [C]自然保护区；[C][U]保留；
[C]预订(房间、座位等)
make reservations/a reservation at/in...
在……预订(房间、座位等)
(4)reserved adj.预订的，保留的，缄默的
①I'd like to reserve a table for three at eight o'clock.
我想预订八点钟供三人用餐的桌位。
②Margaret made a reservation(reserve) at/in her favorite hotel in Singapore. 玛格丽特订了她在新加坡最喜欢的饭店。
③It is advisable to keep some food reserved(reserve) in case of emergency.
储备一些食物以防万一是明智的。
链接写作
【导学号：33220079】你需要提前订票吗？
①Do you have to reserve tickets in advance? (reserve)
②Do you have to make a reservation of tickets in advance? (reservation) advocate vt.主张，提倡n．提倡者，拥护者
[经典例句]The report advocated that all buildings be fitted with smoke detectors.(牛津词典)
报告主张所有的建筑物都应安装烟火探测器。
(1)advocate (doing) sth. 提倡/拥护/支持(做)某事
advocate that... 主张……[从句谓语动词用(should＋)动词原形]
(2)be an advocate of/for ……的提倡者/拥护者
earthquake-stricken area.
我们提倡在学校里的每个人都为地震灾区捐些钱。
②Many experts advocate rewarding (reward) your child for good behaviour.
很多专家主张对小孩的良好表现加以奖励。
③She has always been an advocate of/for changes to English spelling，to make it
easier to learn.她一贯主张对英语的拼写进行改革，使之更易于学习。
substitute vt.&vi.(用……)替代；取代
n．代替品，代用品
[高考佳句]Unfortunately，you must carry the necessary equipment with you，since it's all but impossible to find natural substitutes.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)不幸地是，你必须携带必要的设备，因为你不可能找到天然的替代品。
(1)a substitute for sb./sth. 某人/某物的代替品
(2)substitute A for B＝substitute B with/by A
用A代替B
substitute for 代替
substitute as 代替做……工作
个男人的离去令她伤心痛哭，她正想找一个人填补内心的空缺。
②We substitute the red balls for the blue ones，to see if the baby would notice.＝We substitute the blue balls with/by the red ones，to see if the baby would notice.我们用红色球代替蓝色球，看是否能够引起宝宝的注意。
means n．方式，方法；手段
[高考佳句] But he is providing a few years during which the farmers will, perhaps, be able to find other means of adapting.(2017·江苏高考)但他将提供几年的时间让农民在此期间有可能找到其他的适应办法。
means of (doing) sth.(做)某事的方法、途径
by means of 借助……的手段
by all means 可以，当然行；尽一切办法，务必
by this means 用这种方法
by no means 决不，一点也不(置于句首，其后倒装)
总统能做什么来结束罢工，这点完全不清楚。
②Only by this means is it possible to persuade him.
只有用这种方法才能说服他。
③By no means can teaching in school be separated from practice.
学校教学决不能脱离实践。
④As is known to us all，Ye Shiwen succeeded by means of hard working.
2017届高三英语基础训练9
基础训练（9） 一．单词拼写。（Book one Unit 5） 1．The best we can hope for is a state of ____________ (和平的) coexistence between East and West. 2.It is ___________ (不公平的)that he gets very little in ____________ (酬劳) for his hard work. 3. It is well-known that all men are ____________ (平等的) in the eyes of the law. 4.Bill Gates is a ____________ (大方的)person，who has given away millions of dollars to help many poor children. 5.He was involved in a bank robbery and was ____________ (判刑)to three years in prison. 6. It is ____________ (不合法) to read people’s private letters without permission. 7.I remembered the beatings and the ____________ (残忍) of the guards and my friends who had died. 8. The girl wrapped herself with a ___________(毯子) to keep herself warm. 9. The famous actress first appeared on the _________(舞台) only in her teens. 10.The two boys who were _________（打架）in the playground were ordered to stop. 11. My uncle received a doctor’s ___________(学位) of medicine in America in 1998 and returned to China the following year. 12. He obtained 89% of the _________（选票）and was elected president of the Party. 13. Nelson Mandela was put in __________（监狱）a few times. 14. People often value the _________ （质量）of a product rather than its packaging. 15. The _________（罪犯）was charged with robbing a bank and _______________（判刑）to death. 16. He offered ____________ (指导) to poor black people on their legal problem. 17. My father was promoted to a higher ___________（职位）for his achievements. 18. I stayed in Japan for only a short ___________ (一段时间) of time. 19. Those boys are so helpful that they are always _________(乐意的) to help others. 20. George Bush was elected ___________ (总统) of the USA a second time in 2004. 21. All my family are well _________(受教育的), of whom my brother studied in Harvard University. 22 Some students are very ________（活跃的）in answering teachers’ questions while others just keep silent when asked any question. 23. I _________（真诚地）hope that you won’t let me down. 24. To his ________（恐惧）, he found a figure coming towards him in the darkness. 25. What really worries those parents is that there is too much sex and ___________ （暴力）on TV. 26. The rain ___________(连续) falling all afternoon. But it came to a stop by dark. 27. PRC is short for the People’s _____________(共和国) of China.. 28 The _________(青年时期) play an important role in building our country. 29 I have been a ___________(同盟,联盟) member for 3 years. 30 Stick to your ____________（原则）and tell him that you won’t do it. 31.A tiger __________（逃跑）from its cage in the zoo last week.
2016届高考英语基础知识练习词汇辨析动词及其短语辨析的讲解与训练
动词及其短语辨析 高考英语词汇辨析一般在于同义词、近义词的词义和用法辨析、反义词之间的意义差别、词组（短语）的用法异同点以及一些习惯用法和固定搭配等。常见的有形容词与副词辨析、名词及其用法辨析、动词及其短语辨析、代词及其用法辨析、介词和连词等用法辨析。 动词及其短语辨析 1) 动词及其短语辨析难点 其难点一般在于考查动词易混词辨析、同义词、近义词、系动词、及物动词与不及物动词的用法等。动词短语的辨析仍是重中之重, 主要考查动词与介词或副词的固定搭配, 如:与介词的搭配、与介词副词的搭配、特殊句型、习惯用法以及语境中的用法等。 ①动词和动词短语易混词辨析 动词易混词的辨析主要涉及形状相近的动词之间的辨义,意义相近的动词之间的辨义,动词与其它形状相近、意义相似的词的辨义,意义不同但容易混淆的动词的辨义,某些常用动词短语的辨义等。具体有:a.形状相同的动词之间的辨义,如:lie, lay； hanged, hung； rise, raise； sit, seat等;b.意义相近的动词之间的辨义,如:borrow, lend； speak, say, talk；hope, wish等；c.动词与其它词形相近、意义相似的词的辨义,如:advise, advice； cost, worth； pass, past 等；d.意义不同,但容易混淆的动词的辨义,如:explain, say； discover, invent, uncover等；e.某些常用动词的习惯用法的辨义, 如:ask, give, call, make, find, get, keep, want, see, hear, come, take, put, break, turn等； f.某些常用动词短语的辨义, 如:give in, give out, give away, give up; turn on, turn off, turn down, turn up等。 ②动词的一词多义和动词短语的新义 考查动词的一词多义时,常考查考生易混淆的动词的含义,如:cover“包含；采访；(钱)够用”；count“有价值”；lay“摆放”；observe“庆祝”；promise“使可能”；put“表达”；say“写着”；see“为(某事)发生之时”；shelter“保护”；treat“招待”；work“起作用”等。 高考对于动词短语的考查,除了考查动词短语基本含义辨析外, 更注重动词短语不易被 考生注意的新义, 如:agree with“与……一致”；break down“失败；垮了”；break up“放假；断交”；come up“被提出”；come to“涉及;苏醒；总共”; fit in“相处融洽”；get up“站起来”；keep back“扣下”；look into“浏览”；make out“理解”；pick up“学会”；put aside“留出”；take up“从事于”；turn out“出现”；wear out“磨损；筋疲力尽”等。 ③在语境中的动词及动词短语辨析 有些动词或动词短语放到具体痛的语境中,应该据情景有不同的理解。 考生在复习动词辨析时,对于考纲中一些意义较多的词语一定要引起重视,特别要注意它们那些不太常见的意思,防止高考考查“熟词生义”。对于动词短语的复习,考生需根据动词短语的不同特点,掌握其运用规律,并熟悉动词和不同介词或副词搭配、不同的动词和同一介词或同一副词搭配在意义上的区别。 2) 动词及其短语辨析考点 ①从语法搭配、习惯用法上进行辨析
2017届高三英语基础训练10
基础训练（10） 一．单词拼写。（Book four Unit 5） 1.The plane crashed in the tropical _________(丛林)and a few passengers miraculously survived. 2. What ________ (品牌)of cellphone do you use? Moto. 3. The __________(主题)of his lecture is to encourage young people to set goals in their life and try to achieve them with all efforts. 4. As humans, we should show respect for all living ___________(生物). 5. This library is fitted with modern __________(设备); it offers us a pleasant place to read and study. 6. We were __________(逗乐) by his funny stories at the party. 7. Are there any ___________(志愿者)clean the classroom? 8. Father bought me a pair of world famous __________(运动鞋). 9. You can see __________(种类) of animals in the zoo. 10. As a __________(翻译), you should know both Chinese and English quite well. 11. China is a country with a total of 55 __________(少数民族). 12. We take the ________ to and from work every day. It is very convenient 13. She likes to make a dress herself with the ________ (布料)she chooses. 14. Stop daydreaming a nd don’t live in a world of __________(幻想). 15. How much do you _________(要价) me for a single room per night? 16. For kids under 6, no ____________（入场费）is needed to the park. 17. The scientist is _____________(实验) with mice to test how well the new medicine works. 18. The new athlete’s ___________(技术) has improved a lot in the past season(赛季). 19. The company doubled its __________(利润) in the year of 2006. 20. While visiting a scenic spot people often buy some ___________(纪念品). 21. ___________(先进的)ways of management must brought in to improve the efficiency(效率). 22. I work out at the gym to build up an ________ (体格健壮的) build(体格). 二．代词专项训练。 1. No progress was made in the trade talk as neither side would accept the conditions of_________. A. others B. the other C. either D. another 2. I'm moving to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than________ in the city. A. ones B. one C. that D. those 3. I made a call to my parents yesterday. To my disappointment, ______ of them answered it. A. either B. none C. neither D. nobody 4. First, it is important to recognize what kind of person you are and which special qualities make you different from _______. A. everyone else B. the other C. someone else D. the rest 5. You will find as you read this book that you just can't keep some of these stories to
高一语文基础知识点整理
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话题。与同一话题相关的单词，自然成为一个词簇。可以随着词汇量的增加，不断放射，伸展。 词缀。以同样的方法构成的一组单词，通过比较认识，不但有利于掌握构成方法，而且可以进一步形成更广泛的联系。 词性。对于一组单词中，少数的几个单词，可以用词性相联系。 拼写。字母组成上的特点，是最直观的外在表现。 词语接龙。 2.加强短文背诵，增强“词不离句”意识。 背诵是非常原始的英语学习方法，但也是非常积极、有效的学习方法。优选一些名家名篇，做为背诵的素材;或从课文中精选一些精 悍之作，作为研习的精典，不但能够迅速提高语感，而且容易激发 兴趣，形成活生生的词库，为单词的准确使用打下良好的基础。所 以“背”只是方式，“用”方为根本。如果在背诵的过程中，能够 用心体会语言的基本组成规律，琢磨“说”的方法与技巧，摸出 “洋味”十足的真谛，英语还愁学不地道吗?一个单词有数种意思， 但是在一个具体的语境中，它的意思又绝对是一定的。所以说，“背”单词，怎么能和“背”句子相比呢?“背”短文当是学英语一绝，这不难理解吧? 3.勤归纳和总结，吃透固定搭配。 勤归纳总结，能有效地帮助我们熟悉固定搭配，通过联想，类比，思辨，抗击遗忘，当然也提高了记忆的效率。但是，“记”只能是“记”，是记忆过程一个粗浅的层面。“吃透”是量变过程中的质变。 4.灵活使用词典，突破高频词。 英汉词典是英语学习者的必备工具。如果逢词必查，必然造成对词典的过分依赖，同时也形成阅读过程中一个明显的心理障碍，即 没有词典就难以成读。要知道，放弃积极思考的学习，知识的种子 既不会开花，更不会结果。但是对于极个别的高频词，如果不去查
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（）7. How long did it take Jim to do his homework? A. 15 minutes. B. 30 minutes. C. An hour. （）8. What were Jim’s parents doing last Saturday evening? A. Watching TV. B. Washing hair. C. Doing the housework. 听下面一段较长的对话，回答9--11三小题 （）9. Where does the girl come from? A. The US. B. Australia. C. Canada. ( ) 10. When did the woman come to China? A. Last year. B. In February. C. In August. ( )11. What will the girl do in China? A. Visit her grandparents. B. Visit her pen pal. C. Visit her uncle. 听下面一段较长的对话，回答12--15三小题 ( )12. What’s wrong with the young man? A. He had a cold. B. He had a headache. C. He had a toothache. ( )13. Where does the conversation happen? A. At home. B. At school. C. A t the doctor’s. ( )14. What did the doctor tell Jim to do? A. To take more exercise. B. To take some medicine. C. To take a walk every day. ( ) 15. Is it serious with the young man? know. A Yes, it is. B. No, it isn’t. C. The doctor doesn’t 听短文，选择正确答案。短文读两遍。(10分) ( )16. Julia left her dog to her friend because ____. A. She didn’t like it any more B. She moved to a different place onger C. the dog wasn’t lovely any l ( )17. The dog ran away from Julia’s friend’s home ____. A. after Julia went back B. before Julia went back C. when it saw Julia ( )18. If anyone could help her find her dog, she would ____. A. give the person a present B. say thanks to him or her C. give him or her some money ( )19. Julia sold ____ for her dog. A. her bike B. her books C. her presents ( )20. The dog came back itself ____ later. A. two weeks B. two days C. two months Ⅴ. 单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 21. —Did you __________, Frank? I’m afraid you have to see a dentist. —Yes, Mr. Wang. I’ll go after school. A. have a sore back B. have a fever C. have a nosebleed D. have a toothache 22. —Let’s go and play games, OK? — Sorry, Mike. I w on’t go out __________ I finish my homework. A. until B. when C. although D. if
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英语基础知识学习 第1课： 1、be（是）动词的用法：am接I；is接第三人称单数，即除you、I外；are接表示多个人或事物，即复数。（我是am，你是are，is连接它、她、他，单数is，复数are）。 2、not是表示否定的词：不是的表达，am not，is not（isn’t），are not（aren’t）。 3、“一个”和“几个”的问题：“一个”是a+名词；“多个”是名词后面加s。 4、以元音开头（如O、E等），前面的冠词用an。 第2课： 1、及物动词与不及物动词的区别：及物动词后面接宾语；而不及物动词后面不接宾语。如I like ice cream ，It hurts。 2、主语是he、she、it和单数名词时，动词要发生第三人称的变化，即加s。 3、否定的用法：在动词之前加do not或does not。I、You和复数名词做主语时，否定就用do not；凡是单数名称和he、she、it做主语，否定就用does not。 第3课 1、my（我的）、your（你的）、his（他的）、her（她的）、their（他们的）、our（我们的）、its（它的）+名词，如my love，your love 。 2、名词所有格形式为：名词+’s，表示“……的”，如Sophie’s world，children’s Day，Japan’s tomorrow。 3、用名词+of+名词，一般用在无生命的名词上，表示“……的’’，如The sound of music （音乐之声）。 第4课 1、“have”和“there be”翻译成汉语都可以用一个“有”字来表示，但have是指主观的“所有、拥有”，而there be则是指客观的“存在，某处有某物”。 2、There be的单复数变化与be的变化规则相同，取决于后面所接的主语。主语为单数，就变成there is，主语是复数，就变成there are。 3、“have”在第三人称单数时变成“has”。 4、“there be”的否定形式在be后加not，对于have通常直接在它的宾语前加“no”，表示“没有”的意思。 第5课 1、一般疑问句概念：是可以用“yes”或“no”来回答的疑问句。
高考英语必背之英语基础知识
高考英语必背之语基础知识 一、一个星期七天 Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday 二、一年十二个月 January February March April May Jun e July August September October November Dec ember 三、一年四季 1. spring 2. summer 3. autumn 4. winter 四、容易拼写错的数字 1. eighth第八 2. ninth第九 3. forty四十 4. twelfth第十二 5. twentieth第二十 四、亲属称呼 1. daughter (女儿) 2. niece (女性晚辈) 3. nephew (男性晚辈) 4. cousin (同辈兄弟姐妹) 5. aunt (女性长辈) 6. uncle (男性长辈) 五、以下动词加-ed或-ing要双写最后一个字母 1. regret (regretted, regretting) 后悔 2. control (controlled, controlling) 控制 3. admit (admitted, admitting) 承认 4. occur (occurred, occurring) 出现 5. prefer (preferred, preferring) 宁愿 6. refer (referred, referring) 提到 7. forget (forgetting ) 忘记8. permit (permitted, permitting)允许 9. equip (equipped, equipping) 装备 注意：quarrel, signal, travel中的l可双写（英国英语）也可不双写（美国英语） 六、部分过去式和过去分词不规则变化的动词 1. broadcast (broadcast, broadcast) 广播 2. flee (fled, fled) 逃跑 3. forbid (forbade, forbidden) 禁止 4. forgive (forgave, forgiven) 原谅 5. freeze (froze, frozen) 结冰 6. hang (作“绞死”讲，是规则的；作“悬挂”讲，其过去式过去分词都是hung) 7. lie –lied –lied 说谎; lie—lay---lain躺下lay-laid- laid 放置 8. seek (sought, sought) 寻求 9. shake (shook, shaken) 发抖 10. sing (sang, sung) 唱歌 11. sink (sank, sunk/sunken) 下沉 12. spread (spread, spread) 传播 13. swim (swam, swum) 游泳 14. tear (tore, torn) 撕碎 16.wear( wore; worn) 穿/戴 17.hold (held, held ) 18.make (made, made)