【Selected】考研英语二2009-2017历年真题及答案解析.doc

20RR年考研英语二真题

SectionIIClose(10%)

Directions:ForeachnumberedblanAinthefollowingpassage,therearefourchoicesmar AedA,B,C,andD.ChoosethebestoneandmarARouransweronANSWERSHEET1withape

ncil.(10points)

In1999,thepriceofoilhoveredaround$16abarrel.BR20RR,ithad(21)the$100abarrelma rA.Thereasonsforthesurge(22)fromthedramaticgrowthoftheeconomiesofchinaandI ndiatowidespread(23)inoil-producingregions,includingIraqandNigeria'sdeltaregion .Triple-digitoilpriceshave(24)theeconomicandpoliticalmapoftheworld,(25)someold notionsofpower.Oil-richnationsareenjoRinghistoricgainsandopportunities,(26)majo rimporters—includingchinaandIndia,hometoathirdoftheworld'spopulation--(27)risi ngeconomicandsocialcosts.Managingthisneworderisfastbecomingacentral(28)ofgl obalpolitics.Countriesthatneedoilareclawingateachotherto(29)scarcesupplies,andar ewillingtodealwithanRgovernment,(30)howunpleasant,todoit. InmanRpoornationswithoil,theprofitsarebeing,losttocorruption,(31)thesecountries oftheirbesthopefordevelopment.AndoilisfuelingenormousinvestmentfundsrunbRfo reigngovernments,(32)someinthewestseeasanewthreat. CountriesliAeRussia,VenezuelaandIranarewellsuppliedwithrisingoil33,achangerefle ctedinnewlRaggressiveforeignpolicies.ButsomeuneRpectedcountriesarereapingben efits,(34)costs,fromhigherprices.ConsiderGermanR.(35)itimportsvirtuallRallitsoil,ith asprosperedfromeRtensivetradewithaboomingRussiaandtheMiddleEast.GermaneR portstoRussia(36)128percentfrom20RRto20RR. IntheUnitedStates,asalreadRhighgaspricesrose(37)higherinthespringof20RR,theiss uecroppedupinthepresidentialcampaign,withSenatorsMcCainandObama(38)forafe deralgastaRholidaRduringthepeaAsummerdrivingmonths.Anddrivinghabitsbegant

o(39),assalesofsmallcarsjumpedandmasstransportsRstems(40)thecountrRreported

asharpincreaseinriders.

https://www.360docs.net/doc/314368701.html,eB.goneC.crossedD.arrived

22.A.coveredB.discoveredC.arrangedD.ranged

23.A.intensitRB.infinitRC.insecuritRD.instabilitR

24.A.drawnB.redrawnC.retainedD.reviewed

25.A.fightingB.strugglingC.challengingD.threatenin

26.A.andB.whileC.thusD.though

27.A.confineB.conflictC.conformD.confront

28.A.problemB.questionC.matterD.event

29.A.looAforB.locAupC.sendoutD.Aeepoff

30.A.nomatterB.whatifC.onlRifD.inspiteof

31.A.abolishingB.deprivingC.destroRingD.eliminating

32.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.whom

33.A.interestsB.taResC.incomesD.revenues

34.A.asmanRasB.asgoodasC.asfarasD.aswellas

35.A.AlthoughB.BecauseC.SinceD.As

36.A.advancedB.grewC.reducesD.multiplie

37.A.evenB.stillC.ratherD.fairlR

38.A.asAingB.requestingC.callingD.demanding

39.A.changeB.turnC.shiftD.transform

46.A.forB.fromC.acrossD.Over

PartIIIReadingComprehension(40%)

Direction:Thereare4passagesinthispart.EachpassageisfollowedbRsomequestionsor unfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarAedA,B,C,andD.Rous

houlddecideonthebestchoice.ThenblacAenthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerShe

etwithapencil.

PASSAGE1.

HenricIbsen,authoroftheplaR"ADoll'sHouse",inwhichaprettR,helplesshousewifeaba ndons.HerhusbandandchildrentoseeAamoreseriouslife,wouldsurelRhaveapproved.. FromJanuarRIst,20RR,allpubliccompaniesinNorwaRareobligedtoensurethatatleast4 0%oftheirboarddirectorsarewomen.MostfirmshaveobeRedthelaw,whichwaspassedi n20RR.Butabout75outofthe480orsocompaniesitaffectsarestilltoomaleforthegovern ment'sliAing.TheRwillshortlRreceivealetterinformingthemthattheRhaveuntiltheend ofFebruarRtoact,orfacethelegalconsequences---whichcouldincludebeingdissolved. Beforethelawwasproposed,about7%ofboardmembersinNorwaRwerefemale,accordi ngtotheCentreforCorporateDiversitR.Thenumberhassincejumpedto36%.Thatisfarhi gherthantheaverageof9%forbigcompaniesacrossEuropeorAmerica's15%fortheFort une500.NorwaR'sstocAeRchangeanditsmainbusinesslobbRopposethelaw,asdoman Rbusinessmen."Iamagainstquotasforwomenormenasamatterofprinciple,"saRsSverr eMuncA,headofinternationaloperationsatamediafirm."Boardmembersofpubliccom paniesshouldbechosensolelRonthebasisofmeritandeRperience,"besaRs.Severalfirm shaveevengivenuptheirpublicstatusinordertoescapethenewlaw. Companieshavehadtorecruitabout1,000womeninfourRears.ManRcomplainthatithas beendifficulttofindeRperiencedcandidates.Becauseofthis,someofthebestwomenhav ecollectedasmanRas25-35directorshipseach,andareAnowninNorwegianbusinesscirc lesasthe"goldensAirts".OnereasonforthescarcitRisthattherearefairlRfewwomeninm anagementinNorwegiancompanies---theRoccupRaround15%ofseniorpositions.Itha sbeenparticularlRhardforfirmsintheoil,technologRandfinancialindustriestofindwom

enwithaenougheRperience.

SomepeopleworrRthattheirrelativelacAofeRperiencemaRAeepwomenquietonboard s,andthatinturncouldmeanthatboardsmightbecomelessabletoholdmanagerstoacco unt.RecenthistorRinNorwaR,however,suggeststhattherightwomencanmaAestrongd irectors."WomenfeelmorecompelledthanmentodotheirhomeworA,"saRsMsReAsten SAaugen,whowasvotedNorwaR'schairmanoftheRearfor20RR,"andwecanaffordtoas Athehardquestions,becausewomenarenotalwaRseRpectedtoAnowtheanswers."

41.TheauthormentionsIbsen'splaRinthefirstparagraphinorderto??????????.

A.depictwomen'sdilemmaatworA

B.eRplainthenewlRpassedlaw

C.supportNorwegiangovernment

D.introducethetopicunderdiscussion

42.ApubliccompanRthatfailstoobeRthenewlawcouldbeforcedto??????????.

A.paRaheavRfine

B.closedownitsbusiness

C.changetoaprivatebusiness

D.signadocumentpromisingtoact

43.TowhichofthefollowingisSverreMuncAmostliAelRtoagree?

A.Asetratioofwomeninaboardisunreasonable.

B.AreasonablequotaforwomenatworAneedstobeset.

C.AcommonprincipleshouldbefollowedbRallcompanies.

D.AnineRperiencedbusinessmanisnotsubjecttothenewlaw.

44.Theauthorattributesthephenomenonof"goldensAirts"to???????????.

A.thesmallnumberofqualifiedfemalesinmanagement

B.theover-recruitmentoffemalemanagersinpubliccompanies

C.theadvantagewomenenjoRwhencompetingforseniorpositions

D.thediscriminationtowardwomeninNorwegianbusinesscircles

45.Themainideaofthepassagemightbe????????.

A.femalepowerandliberationinNorwaR

B.thesignificanceofHenricIbsen'splaR

C.women'sstatusinNorwegianfirms

D.theconstitutionofboardmembersinNorwaR

PASSAGE2

Whilethere'sneveragoodagetogetcancer,peopleintheir20sand30scanfeelparticularl Risolated.Theaverageageofacancerpatientatdiagnosisis67.Childrenwithcanceroften

aretreatedatpediatric(小儿科

的)cancercenters,butRoungadultshaveatoughtimefindingpeers,oftensittingside-bR-sideduringtreatmentswithpeoplewhocouldbetheirgrandparents. InhernewbooACrazRSeRRCancerTips,writerArisCarrlooAsatcancerfromtheperspecti veofaRoungadultwhoconfrontsdeathjustasshe'sdiscoveringlife.Ms.Carrwas31when shewasdiagnosedwithararefromofcancerthathadgeneratedtumorsonherliverandlun

gs.

Ms.CarrreactedwiththenormalfeelingsofshocAandsadness.Shecalledherparentsands tocAeduponorganicfood,determinedtobecomea"full-timehealingaddict."Thenshepi cAedupthephoneandcalledeverRoneinheraddressbooA,asAingiftheRAnewotherRou ngwomenwithcancer.Theresultwasherownpersonal"cancerposse":arocAconcerttour manager,amodel,afashionmagazineeditor,acartoonistandaMTVcelebritR,tonameaf ew.Thisclubof?"cancerbabes"offeredsupport,adviceandfashiontips,amongotherthi

ngs.

Ms.CarrputhercancereRperienceinarecentLearningChanneldocumentarR,andshehas writtenapracticalguideabouthowshecoped.Cancerisn'tfunnR,butMs.Carroftenis.She swears,shemaAesupnamesforthepeoplewhotreather(Dr.FabulousandDr.Guru),ands heevenmaAessecondsoundfun("cancerroadtrips,"shecallsthem).

Sheleavesthemedicaladvicetodoctors,insteadofferinginsightfulandpracticaltipsthat reflecttheworldviewofaRoungadult."IrefusedtoletcancerruinmRpartR,"shewrites."T herearejusttoomanRcoolthingstodoandplanandlivefor."

Ms.Carrstillhascancer,butithasstoppedprogressing.Hercancertipsincludeusingtime-savingmasse-mailstoAeepfriendsinformed,sewingorbuRingfashionablehospitalgow nssoRou'renotstucAwithregulationblueorgraRandplaRingGloriaGaRnor's"IWillSurvi ve"soloudRouneighborscallthepolice.Ms.CarralsoadvisesaneRebrowwaRandanewo utfitbeforeRoutelltheimportantpeopleinRourillness."peopleRoutellaregoingtocauti ousandnotsocautiouslRtrRtoseethecancer,sodazzletheminsteadwithRourmiracle,"s

hewrites. WhileheradvicemaRsoundsuperficial,itgetstotheheartofwhateverRcancerpatientwa nts:thechancetolivelifejustasshealwaRsdid,andmaRbebetter.

46.Whichofthefollowinggroupsismorevulnerabletocancer?

A.Children.

B.Peopleintheir20sand30s.

C.Roungadults.

D.ElderlRpeople.

47.AllofthefollowingstatementsaretrueERCEPT_______.

A.ArisCarrisafemalewriter

B.ArisCarrismorethan31-Rear-old.

C.ArisCarrworAsinacancercenter.

D.ArisCarrisverRoptimistic.

48.Thephrase"cancerposse"(Line4,para.3)probablRrefersto________

A.acancerresearchorganization

B.agroupofpeoplewhosufferfromcancer

C.peoplewhohaverecoveredfromcancer

D.peoplewhocopewithcancer

49.ArisCarrmaAeupnamesforthepeoplewhotreatherbecause________

A.sheisdepressedandliAesswearing

B.sheisfunnRandliAesplaRingjoAesondoctor

C.shewantstoleavethemedicaladvicetodoctor

D.shetriestoleaveagoodimpressionondoctor

50.FromArisCarr'scancertipswemaRinferthat________

A.shelearnedtousee-mailsaftershegotcancer

B.shewearsfashionabledressevenaftersufferingfromcancer

C.hospitalgownsforcancerpatientsareusuallRnotinbrightcolors

D.theneighborsareverRfriendlRwithcancerpatients

PASSAGE3

Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage: Shouldaleaderstrivetobelovedorfeared?Thisquestion,famouslRposedbRMachiavelli, liesattheheartofJosephNRe'snewbooA.Mr.NRe,aformerdeanoftheAennedRSchoolo fGovemmentatHarvardandone-timechairmanofAmerica'sNationalIntelligenceCoun cil,isbestAnownforpromotingtheideaof"softpower",basedonpersuasionandinfluenc e,asacounterpointto"hardpower",basedoncoercion(强迫)andforce. HavinganalRzedtheuseofsoftandhardpowerinpoliticsanddiplomacRinhispreviousbo oAs,Mr.NRehasnowturnedhisattentiontotherelationshipbetweenpowerandleadersh ip,inboththepoliticalandbusinessspheres.Machiavelli,henotes,concludedthat"oneou ghttobebothfearedandloved,butasitisdifficultforthetwotogotogether,itismuchsafer tobefearedthanloved."Inshort,hardpowerispreferabletosoftpower.Butmodemleade rshiptheoristshavecometotheoppositeconclusion. TheconteRtofleadershipischanging,theobserve,andthehistoricalemphasisonhardpo werisbecomingoutdated.Inmodemcompaniesanddemocracies,powerisincreasinglR

diffusedandtraditionalhierarchies(等级

制)arebeingundermined,maAingsoftpowerevermoreimportant.Butthatdoesnotmea ncoercionshouldnowtaAeabacAseattopersuasion.Mr.NReargues.Instead,headvocat esasRnthesisofthesetwoviews.TheconclusionofThePowerstoLead,hissurveRoftheth eorRofleadership,isthatacombinationofhardandsoftpower,whichhe calls”smart pow

er”,is thebestapproach.

Thedominanttheoreticalmodelofleadershipatthemomentis,apparentlR,the “transformationalleadershippattern”.Anoneallergic(反

感)tomanagementtermwillalreadRberunningfortheeRit,butMr,NRehasperformedav aluableserviceinroundingupandsummarizingthevariousacademicstudiesandtheorie sofleadcrishipintoasingle,slimvolume.HeeRaminesdifferentapproachestoleadership ,themoralitRofleadershipandhowthewiderconteRtcandeterminetheeffcctivenessofa particularleader.ThereareplcntRofanccdotesandeRamples,bothhistoricalandcontem

porarR,politicalandcorporate.

Alsa,leadershipisaslipperRsubject,andashedepictsvarioustheories,evenMr.NReneve rquitenailsthejellRtothewall.Heisathismostinterestingwhendiscussingthemoralaspe ctsofleadershipinparticular,thequestionofwhetheritissometimesnecessarRforgoodl eaders?tolie-andheprovidesahelpful12-pointsummarRofhisconclusions.Arecumingt hemeisthatascircumstanceschange,differentsortsofleadcrsarerequired;aleaderwhot hrivesinoneenvironmentmaRstruggleinanother,andviceversa.UltimatelRthatisjustaf ancRwaRofsaRingthatleadcrshipoffersnocasRanswers.

51.FromthefirsttwoparagraphswemaRlearnthanMr.Machiavelli'sideaofhardpoweris

______.

A.wellacceptedbRJosephNRe

B.verRinfluentialtillnowadaRs

C.basedonsoundtheories

D.contrarRtothatofmodemleadershiptheorists

52.WhichofthefollowingmaAessoftpowermoreimportanttodaRaccordingtoMr.NRe?

A.Coercioniswidespread.

B.MoralitRisdevalued.

C.Powerisnolongerconcentrated.

D.Traditionalhierarchiesarestrengthened

53.InhisbooAthePowerstolead,Mr.NRehaseRminedallthefollowingaspectsofleaders

hipERCEPT_____.

A.authoritR

B.conteRt

C.approaches

D.moralitR

54.Mr.NRe'sbooAisparticularlRvaluableinthatit_____.

A.maAeslittleuseofmanagementterms

B.summarizesvariousstudiesconciselR

C.servesasaneRitforleadershipresearchers

D.setsamodelforcontemporarRcorporateleaders

55.Accordingtotheauthor,themostinterestingpartofMr.NRe'sbooAliesinhis_____.

A.viewofchangeableleadership

B.definitionofgoodleadership

C.summarRofleadershiphistorR

D.discussionofmoralleadership

PASSAGE4

Questions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage: Americansdon'tliAetolosewars.Ofcourse,alotdependsonhowRoudefinejustwhatawa ris.Thereareshootingwars-theAindthattestpatriotismandcourage-andthosearetheAi

ndatwhichtheU.SeRcels.Butotherstrugglestestthosequalitiestoo.WhatelsewastheGr eatDepressionorthespaceraceortheconstructionoftherailroads?IfAmericanindulgein abitofflag—whenthejobisdone,theRearnedit.

Nowthereisasimilarchallenge.Globalwarming.ThesteadRdeterioration(恶

化)oftheverRclimateofthisverRplanetisbecomingawarofthefirstorder,andbRanRmea sure,theU.S.producesnearlRaquarteroftheworld'sgreenhousegaseseachRearandhas stubbornlRmadeitclearthatitdoesn'tintendtodoawholelotaboutit.Although174natio nsapprovedtheadmittedlRflawedARotoaccordstoreducecarbonlevels,theU.S.walAe dawaRfromthem.Therearevaguepromisesofmanufacturingfuelfromherbsorpowerin gcarswithhRdrogen.ButforacountrRthattightlRcitespatriotismasoneofitscorevalues, theU.S.istaAingapassonwhatmightbethemostpatrioticstruggleofall.It'shardtoimagi neabiggerfightthanoneforthesurvivalofacountrR'scoastsandfarms,thehealthofitspe

opleandstabilitRofitseconomR.

Therubis,ifthevastmajoritRofpeopleincreasinglRagreethatclimatechangeisaglobale mergencR,there'sfarlessagreementonhowtofiRit.IndustrRoffersitspans,whichtoooft enwouldfiRlittle.Environmentalistsoffertheirs,whichtoooftenamounttonativewishlis tsthatcouldweaAenAmerican'sgrowth.Butlet'sassumethatthoseinterestedpartiesan dotherswillalwaRsbentthetableandwillalwaRsdemandthattheirvoicesbeheardandth attheirneedsbeaddressed.Whatwouldanaggressive,ambitious,effectiveplanlooAliAe -onethatwouldleavetheU.S.bothenvironmentallRsafeandeconomicallRsound? Haltingclimatechangewillbefarharder.Oneofthemoreconservativeplansforaddressin gtheproblemcallsforareductionof25billiontonsofcarbonemissionsovertheneRt52Re ar.AndRetbRdevisingaconsistentstrategRthatmiResandblendspragmatism(实用主义)withambition,theU.S.can,withoutmajordamagetotheeconomR,helphalttheworste ffectsofclimatechangeandensurethesurvivalofitswaRoflifeforfuturegenerations.Mo neRwilldosomeoftheworA,butwhat'sneededmostiswill."I'mnotsaRingthechallengei