动词短语的概念

动词短语的概念
动词短语的概念

动词短语的概念:

动词常和某些其他词类用在一起,构成固定词组,形成所谓短语动词(phrasalverb)。和动词一样,短语动词也可分为及物和不及物两种。短语动词可以作为一个整体看待,同一般动词一样使用。

动词短语的搭配类型:

1)动词+介词:

这类短语动词用作及物动词,后面须跟宾语。

如:The small boy insisted on going with his parents. 那男孩坚持要跟父母一起去。

Do you often listen to broadcasts in English? 你常听英语广播吗?

Look at the children. Aren't they lovely? 看着这些孩子们。他们多么可爱呀!

We stand for self-reliance. 我们是主张自力更生的。

这一类的短语动词还有很多,如depend on(upon)(依靠),wait on(服侍),look for(寻找),deal with(对待),look after(照料),wait for(等待)等。

2)动词+副词:

这类短语动词有的用作及物动词,有的用作不及物动词。

如:I always get up as soon as the bell rings. 我总是一打铃就起床。(不及物) Look out, there's a car coming! 当心,来汽车了!(不及物)

Have you handed in your exercises already? 你已经交练习了吗?(及物)

Please don't forget to put on your coat, it's cold outside. 请不要忘记穿外衣,外面很冷。(及物)

这一类的短语动词还有很多,及物如put out(扑灭),eat up(吃光),put down(放下);不及物如set off(出发),come up(走近),go on(继续)。

注:"动词+副词"这类短语动词和上面第一类"动词+介词"的不同之处在于:"动词+介词"用作及物动词,后面须跟宾语。"动词+副词"则有的及物,有的不及物;用作及物动词而宾语为人称代词或自身代词时,副词往往放在宾语之后。

如:Please wake me up at five tomorrow. 请在明天早上五点唤醒我。

If you have done your exercises, please hand them in. 如果你们练习做完了请交来。

She doesn't normally behave like that, she's putting it on. 她通常并不如此表现,她是装出来的。

注:这类短语动词有不少可兼作及物和不及物动词用。

如:He took off his hat when he entered the office. 他进办公室后脱下帽子。(及物) The plane took off at seven sharp. 飞机在七点整起飞。(不及物)

Charlie rang up Neil to ask about the time of the meeting. 查理打电话给尼尔问开会的时间。(及物)

If you can't come, please ring up and let us know. 你如来不了,请来电话告诉我们一声。(不及物)

3)动词+副词+介词:

"动词+副词"之后有的可以再加一个介词,形成另一种短语动词。这类短语动词用作及物动词。

如:Do not give up hope. We must go on with the experiment 不要失望。我们必须继续试验。(go on with继续)

He came up to me. 他走到我跟前。(come up to走近)

这类短语动词还有:look down upon(看不起),do away with(去掉),put up with(忍受)等。4)动词+名词+介词:

这类短语动词也是及物的。

如:He shook hands with all the guests at the banquet. 他在宴会上和宾客一一握手。

Young pioneers often come to the Children's Palace to take part in after school activities.少先队员经常到少年宫来参加课外活动。

Pay attention to the temperature of the stored rice. 注意仓库里的稻谷的温度。

Her job is taking care of the babies. 她的工作是照顾婴儿。

这一类短语动词还有:put an end to(结束),take notice of(注意),catch hold of(抓住),lose sight of(看不见),make use of(利用)等。

动词短语知识体系:

动词

动词的定义:

表示动作中状态的词叫做动词。根据其在句中的功能,动词可分为行为动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词四类,有些动词是兼类词。

例如:We have lunch at 12. (have是行为动词)

We have been to NewYork. (have是助动词)

I am hungry. (am是系动词)

You need not have waited for me. (need是情态动词)

The door needs painting. (need是兼类词)

动词的分类:

1)表示动作中状态的词叫做动词。

2)根据其在句中的功能,动词可分为四类,分别是:

实义动词(Notional Verb)、系动词(Link Verb)、助动词(Auxiliary Verb)、情态动词(Modal Verb)。

说明:有些情况下,有些动词是兼类词。

例如:We are having a meeting. 我们正在开会。(having是实义动词。)

He has gone to NewYork.他已去纽约。(has是助动词。)

3)动词根据其后是否带有宾语,可分为两类,分别是:

及物动词(Transitive Verb)、不及物动词(Intransitive Verb),缩写形式分别为vt.和vi.。说明:同一动词有时可用作及物动词,有时可用作不及物动词。

例如:She can dance and sing. 她能唱歌又能跳舞。(sing在此用作不及物动词。)She can sing many English songs. 她能唱好多首英文歌曲。(sing用作及物动词。)4)根据是否受主语的人称和数的限制,可分两类,分别是:

限定动词(Finite Verb)、非限定动词(Non-finite Verb)。

例如:She sings very well. 她唱得很好。(sing受主语she的限制,故用第三人称单数形式sings。)

She wants to learn English well. 她想学好英语。(to learn不受主语she的限制,没有词形变化,是非限定动词。

说明:英语中共有三种非限定动词,分别是:动词不定式(Infinitive)、动名词(Gerund)、分词(Participle)。

5)根据动词的组成形式,可分为三类,分别是:

单字词(One-Word Verb)、短语动词(Phrasal Verb)、动词短语(Verbal Phrase)

例如:The English language contains many phrasal verbs and verbal phrases. 英语里有许多短语动词和动词短语。(contains是单字动词。)

Students should learn to look up new words in dictionaries. 学生们学会查字典。(look up 是短语动词。)

The young ought to take care of the old. 年轻人应照料老人。(takecareof是动词短语。)6)动词有五种形态,分别是:

原形(OriginalForm)、第三人称单数形式(Singular From in Third Personal)、过去式(Past Form)、过去分词(Past Participle)、现在分词(Present Participle)。

动词知识体系:

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