初中英语语法上海中考虚拟语气

上海中考英语语法拓展：虚拟语气

一、虚拟语气的条件句形式

英语的动词有三种语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用在条件或让步状语从句中，表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等,；一是在主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中，表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议。

条件句有真实条件句与非真实条件句两种。真实条件句所表的假设是可能发生或实现的，用陈述语气。虚拟条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句皆须用虚拟语气。

虚拟语气在条件句中：

1，与过去相反的假设：条件句： If+主语+had done

主句：主语＋should, would, might, could + have done

She would have gone to the party if she had been invited.

2, 与现在事实相反的假设: 条件句： If+主语+did, 动词be用were

主句：主语+should, would, might, could do

3，与将来相反的假设：条件句： If+主语+did, 动词be用were

If+主语+were to do；If+主语+should do

主句：主语+should, would, might, could do, If it should fail, I would try again.

4. 混合型的条件句

当条件从句与主句所表的时间不一致时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。主句和从句的谓语动词并不相互呼应，这种条件句叫混合条件句或错综时间条件句。If you had followed my advice , you would be better now.

Even though it hadn’t rained, we can’t get there by tomorrow. 条件虚拟主句真实。

二、虚拟语气that + 主语+ (should) do结构

下列情形下that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用：should do，should可以省略。

表过去用should have done.

1，主语从句：

1）在句型“It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that .... ” 中，表示某事重要、奇怪、自然、必要等；

It’s important that we should take good care of the patient.

It is necessary that he（should）be sent there at once．

It's strange that he should say so.

这类的形容词还有possible, probable, urgent等。

2)在It is demanded/suggested/ordered/required加that句型中，表示愿望，建议，

请求等主观意愿等。

It is demanded that we should work out a plan.

It is requested that Professor Liu（should）give us a lecture．

3)在It is a pity/a shame/ no wonder/ suggestion/ surprise that…..句型中，表示建

议，命令，请求，道歉，怀疑，惊奇等。

It’s a pity that you (should) miss a good c hance. 也可用陈述语气，

2，宾语从句: 在表示提议、要求、命令、意志等动词后，作为suggest, request, demand, ask, arrange等动词的宾语。

suggest 当表示“暗示、表明“讲时，insist 表示”坚持认为“之意时，应用陈述语气。

The teacher suggested that we should clean the blackboard after class.

He insisted that all of us be there on time by any means.

The doctor suggested that he not go there．

I insisted that he was right. Your pale face suggests that you are ill.

3，表语从句和同位语从句：在suggestion / order / plan / advice / idea / request

等名词后的表语和同位语从句中。

My advice is that you should practice speaking English as often as possible.

There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team. （同位语）三、虚拟语气的其他用法

1，在It is (high / about ) time that…从句中，谓语动词did或should do，should不能省略．It’s high time we went to the laboratory. It is time we left（should leave）. 2，wish的宾语从句，表示愿望，常省去连词that。

Wish的宾语从句的谓语动词用did表现在，用could（would，might）do表将来；用had done或could（would，might）have done表过去。

I wish I were a bird.

I wish you would stay a little longer.

I wish you had called yesterday．

3，would rather从句，表示宁愿、但愿之意。用did表现在和将来，用had done 表过去。

I would rather I hadn’t seen that film yesterday.

如后非从句，用do表现在和将来，用have done表过去。

I would rather have seen that film yesterday.

4，有些动词，如think, expect, believe,其否定式的宾语从句亦可用should+动词原形，表意外。

I never thought he should refuse. She did not expect that you should come.

5，虚拟式动词原形亦常用在独立句中，表愿望: God bless you! So be it then. 四、连词if的省略

如果虚拟条件句的谓语部分有were，had和should时，可省略if，把were，had 和should放到从句主语前面去，多见于书面语。

If you had come earlier, you would have met him.

Had you come earlier, you would have met him.

Had you not helped me，I should have failed.

Were you in my position, you would do the same.

Should they attack us, we’ll wipe them out completely.

选择填空

1. If I _______ you, I’d join the army. A. am B. was C. were D. would be

2. “If the sun ______ tomorrow, what would we do?”

A. will not rise

B. would not rise

C. did not rise

D. does not rise

3. If you ______ to see Mary, what would you tell her?

A. are

B. will be going

C. must

D. were

4. I would have said “Hello” to him if I ______ your brother.

A. could see

B. had seen

C. will see

D. will have seen

5. If you had wanted to buy a record, what ________?

A. would you buy

B. had you bought

C. would you have bought

D. would you be buying

6. If the tablets had dissolved, John ______.

A. would probably die

B. had probably died

C. probably would be died

D. would probably have died

7. ________ if you had lost your watch?

A. Hadn’t you been upset

B. Wouldn’t you be upset

C. Weren’t you upset

D. Wouldn’t you have upset

8. -----“I was so sorry to hear about Jack.”

-----“If he had made more friends here, he might ________.”

A. have stayed

B. have stay

C. stayed

D. stay

9. If I had a bike, I ______ it to you yesterday.

A. would have lent

B. would lend

C. would have lend

D. could lend

10. ____________, John would not have failed.

A. If he has listened to me

B. Had he listened to me

C. If he listened to me

D. As he listened to me

11. Had Alice been more hardworking, she ________.

A. had not failed

B. would not have failed

C. would not fail

D. could not be failed

12. -----“Steve made a reservation already.”-----“______ he change his mind, he can cancel it.” A. S hould B. Would C. If D. So

13. I wished it _______ but it did.

A. occurred not

B. did not occur

C. had not occurred

D. would not occur

14. I _______ Professor Jones had taught me this equation.

A. believe

B. deeply think

C. wish

D. suppose

15. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west, so it seems as if the sun _____ around the earth. A. circles B. is circling C. be circling D. were circling 16. The computer “teacher” was talking with his students as though it ______ a human teacher. A. was B. were C. had been D. be

17. Jane appears as though she _______ the secret.

A. knows

B. knew

C. has known

D. had known

18. If only she _______ of Aunt Ruth!

A. was not terribly so frightened

B. were not terribly so frightened

C. be not so terribly frightened

D. were not so terribly frightened

19. -----“I think that the Smiths were embarrassed by Jane’s generosity.”

-----“She insisted ______ it as a gift.” A. no them to accept B. their accepting

C. that they accept

D. that they accepted

20. The chairman requested that __________.

A. the members studied the problem more carefully

B. the problem were more carefully studied

C. the problem could be studied with more care

D. the members study the problem more carefully

21. -----“Did Kathy have any ideas for Jim?”

-----“She suggested that he ______ a card with all of our names on it.”

A. send

B. sends

C. to send

D. sending

22. The idea is that we _______ an unmanned spacecraft to explore the planet first.

A. will send

B. had sent

C. send

D. be sent

23. It is necessary that this machine-tool _______ every day.

A. be oiled

B. oil

C. is to be oiled

D. oiled

24. -----“That’s a beautiful coat in the window.” -----“It certainly is. If I had the money ______ buy it.” A. I’d B. I’ll C. I may D. I shall

25. -----“Why didn’t you help him?”-----“I would have ______ I didn’t have the money.” A. if B. and C. but D. otherwise

26. Jill would rather we _______ now, but we must go to work.

A. not leave

B. had not left

C. didn’t leave

D. not to be left

27. John would rather that Jane _______ to the party yesterday evening.

A. did not go

B. not go

C. had not gone

D. wouldn’t g one

28. The picture exhibition bored me to death. I wish I _______ to it.

A. had not gone

B. have not gone

C. did not go

D. could not have gone

29. I hadn’t expected James to apologize but I had hoped ________.

A. him calling me

B. that he would call me

C. him to call me

D. that he call me

30. __________ at the price list, he’d have known what to expect.

A. Had Mr. Robinson looked

B. If Mr. Robinson looked

C. If Mr. Robinson would have looked

D. Had Mr. Robinson been looking

31. -----“Shall I open the window?” -----“I’d rather _________.”

A. you had better not

B. you don’t

C. you shouldn’t

D. you didn’t

32. ----- “Did you have to go to court?”

-----“No, I didn’t, but I would ______ if my lawyer hadn’t been so good.”

A. had

B. have

C. be

D. do

33. If Peter had enough money, he _______ on the trip to Los Angeles.

A. would have gone

B. went

C. had gone

D. would go

34. If you had been in Shanghai last month, you ________ the game.

A. had seen

B. have seen

C. had been seen

D. would have seen

35. -----“Do you want me to lend you some money?”

-----“I wish you __________, I can pay you back next week.”

A. should

B. did

C. had

D. would

36. If the Watergate Incident _______ Nixon would not have resigned from the presidency.

A. had not occurred

B. did not occur

C. was not occurring

D. would not occur

37. Alan _______ the party if he’d gone to London.

A. would have missed

B. had missed

C. could miss

D. missed

38. -----“Your pictures are beautiful!”

-----“We _______ more if we hadn’t run out of film.”

A. would take

B. had taken

C. will have taken

D. would have taken

39. Peter wishes that he ________ law instead of literature when he was in college.

A. had studied

B. studied

C. could study

D. would study

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26-30 CCABA 31-35 DBDDD 36-39 AADA

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