朗文英语6Bchapter1复习
朗文6B Chapter One 学习提要
亲爱的同学们，学习了这个章节后，请按照要求检测你的学习结果吧～～
Part A and B
New words and phrases（要求：知道中文意思，听懂，会读，会拼写。）
study tour: 游学offer a wide range of choices：提供广泛的选择范围campus：（大学）校园hostel：宿舍
local family：住宿家庭duration：持续时间
extra lessons:课外补习location: 地点
（以下词汇要求：知道意思，会读，听得懂）
accommodation：住宿
Sentences （要求：会读，知道其中文意思，会拼，会写，会运用。）
1. --You can go either England or America. Which would you prefer?
你可以去英国也可以去美国。你更喜欢去哪个国家？
--I’d prefer to go to England.
我更喜欢去英国。
2. --You can take either a sports course or an English course. Which would you prefer?
你可以选择上体育课程也可以选择上英语课程。你更想上什么课程？
--I’d prefer to take an English course.
我更想上英语课程。
3. –You can stay either for two weeks or for one month. Which would you prefer? 你可以选择待两个星期或是一个月。你更想待多久？
--I’d prefer to stay for two weeks.
我更想待两个星期。
Note：因为two weeks和one month是一段时间，前面别忘记添加for
4. –You can stay either in the countryside or in the city. Which would you prefer? 你可以选择住在郊区也可以选择住在市区。你更喜欢住在哪里？
--I’d prefer to stay in a city.
我更喜欢住在市区。
5. --You can stay either in the hostel or with a family. Which would you prefer?
你可以选择住在宿舍里也可以住住宿家庭。你更喜欢哪种方式？
--I’d prefer to stay with a family.
我喜欢住住宿家庭。
Note：stay in the hostels: 住在宿舍stay with a family：和住宿家庭一起住注意介词使用不同。
6. –Y ou can either have extra lessons or do activities in the afternoons. Which would you prefer?
你可以选择上课外班也可以选择下午上课外活动。你更喜欢哪种？
--I’d prefer to do activities.
我更喜欢下午上课外活动。
Part C and D
Recite Part C（头脑敏捷的你，快快挑战这个记忆力大考验吧～～熟练背诵C部分吖。）New words and phrases （四会）
throughout the year 一整年
combine English language learning with cultural studies 把英语语言学习和文化学习结合在一起
plenty of…大量的（用法：后面可加不可数名词或是可数名词复数）
plenty of time/ plenty of books
provide afternoon activities 提供下午的课外活动
as well as 还有learn through topics 通过话题（的方式）学习in central London 在伦敦中心science lab 科学实验室
a large cafeteria 一个大的自助餐厅minimum stay 最短的居住时间registration fee 报名费/注册费tuition package 学费包
1 half day of sport 半天的体育活动
creative arts 创造性艺术 1 full-day excursion 一整天的短途旅行course material 课程材料host family 寄宿家庭
airport transfers 机场换乘票travel insurance 旅行保险
care of students’ laundry
Part E
New words and phrases（要求：知道中文意思，会读，会拼写。）
go to an art museum: 去艺术博物馆go on a city tour: 进行城市旅游
go sailing：去航海play tennis：打网球
Sentences(要求：知道中文意思，会读，会拼写，会运用。)
1. On Monday afternoon, we can either do cooking or go to an art museum.
在周一上午，我们既可以做饭又可以去艺术博物馆。
2. Both you and I like art so let’s go to an art museum.
你和我都喜欢艺术，所以我们去艺术博物馆吧。
Note：both…and…(既…又…): 强调两者的肯定，两个都…
3. On Tuesday afternoon, we can either visit the zoo or go hiking.
在周二下午，我们既可以逛动物园又可以去远足。
4. Neither you nor I like animals in cages so let’s go hiking. 你和我都不喜欢关在笼子里的动物，所以让我们去远足吧。Note：neither…nor…: 强调两者的否定；两个都不…
Part F and G
New words and phrases(要求：知道中文意思，会读，会拼写。) check the details: 确认细节
write sth. down: 把…写下来
make the arrangements: 做出安排
confirm … with you: 和你确认…
Sentences(要求：知道中文意思，会读，会拼写，并背诵G部分)
1. I visited Vancouver and Toronto.
我去了温哥华和多伦多。
2. 在那儿我也见到了树袋熊、袋鼠、蛇和鳄鱼。
I saw a koala, a kangaroo, a snake and a crocodile too.
朗文旅游英语中级复习资料
作文 一、CV(个人简历) Personal detail (名字、地址、邮箱、年龄、国籍) Education and qualifications Work Experience Professional Skills Languages Interests Name and address of referee 范文 Dear Ms. Prince: As I indicated in our telephone conversation yesterday, I would like to apply for the market ing research position you advertised in the March 12th edition of the Roanoke Times and World News. With my undergraduate research background, my training in psychology and sociology, and my work experience, I believe I could make a valuable contribution to Larg e National Bank Corporation in this position. In May I will receive a Bachelor of Science degree in Psychology with a minor in Sociolog y from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. As part of the requirements for t his degree, I am involved in a senior marketing research project that has given me experien ce interviewing and surveying research subjects and assisting with the analysis of the data collected. I also have completed a course in statistics and research methods. In addition to academic work, my experience also includes working part-time as a bookkeeper in a small independent bookstore with an annual budget of approximately $150,000. Because of the small size of this business, I have been exposed to and participate d in most aspects of managing a business, including advertising and marketing. As the boo kkeeper, I produced monthly sales reports that allow the owner/buyer to project seasonal in ventory needs. I also assisted with the development of ideas for special promotional events and calculated book sales proceeds after each event in order to evaluate its success. I believe that the combination of my business experience and social science research traini ng is well-suited to the marketing research position you described. I have enclosed a copy of my resume with additional information about my qualifications. Thank you for your consideration. I look forward to receiving your reply. Sincerely, Jessica Lawrence Enclosure 二、道歉信 句式: 1. We are very sorry to hear that... 2. Please accept our apologies for... 3. Please be assured that we will... 4. we value your custom highly 5. Please find enclosed a voucher for 范文： Dear Arthur Grundy, I was most upset on receiving your email of detailing about the terrible organization
香港朗文-2B-语法汇总练习
香港朗文LWTE 2B 语法汇总练习： 一、用like和likes填空 1. My father _______ salty food。 2. I _______ chilli fish too. 3. We ________ potato chips. 4. Sam _________ ice cream. 5. My dogs ________ beef(牛肉). 6. They _________ fish too. 7. Does Lily ____ hamburgers? 8. Mr.Huang doesn’t ____sour plums. 二、用don’t like和doesn’t like填空 1. Paul ________ potato chips. 2. The children _______ peanuts. 和doesn’ｔ填空, 三、用Do和Does, don’ｔ 3. _______ the children like chilli fish? Yes, they ________. 4. _______ Beeno like ice cream? No, he __________. 5. ________ your sister like ginger? No, she ________ like ginger. 四、用do/does/like/likes填空 1. What ________ h e ________? He ________ potato chips and cheese rings. They are salty. 2. What ________ y our sisters ________? They ________ curry beef balls and hamburgers. 五、在横线上填写所缺的单词（is/are） 1. There ______some butter. 2. There ______some grapes. 3. There ______ an egg. 4. There ______ some people in the park. 5. There ______ some children. 6. There ______ some fruit on the desk. 7. ______ there any flour? Yes, there _________. 8._______there any oranges? No, there ______ not. 六、在横线上填写所缺的单词。 too many too much 1.Don’t drink _______________sour milk, Lily.I t’s not good for you. 2.There are ________________ children in the swimming pool. 3.There are ___________________ tomatoes in the basket. 4. There is ____________ food in the fridge. 5. There are ________people in the swimming pool. 6. A: Can I have some butter, Mum?
【参考借鉴】朗文旅游英语(中级).docx
Unit1 ConferenceEventCo-ordinator ConferenceconsultantsisadRnamiceventsmanagementorganisationwhichprovidescreati ve,eRcitingandaffordablesolutionsforconferencesandeRhibitions.WearecurrentlRlooki ngforahard-workingpersontojoinourstaff.Thesuccessfulapplicantwillberesponsibleforo rganizingspecialevents.ThispersonwillhaveeRcellentcustomerserviceandmanagements killsandbepreparedtoworkunderpressure.AneRcellentsalarRpackageandcompanRcarw illbeofferedtotherightcandidate. 会议顾问是一个提供创造性的、激动人心的的会议和展览方案的动态项目管理组织。我们正在寻找一个勤劳的人加入我们的队伍.申请成功的人将负责组织特别活动。申请人要有卓越的客户服务与管理技能，并有压力下工作的心理准备。胜任者将获得一份丰厚的薪酬和一辆公司的汽车 NightAuditor Thisisachancetobecomepartofawell-establishedinternationalfive-starhotel.Wearelookin gforaNightAuditorforabusRhotelfrontoffice.ReportingtotheFrontOfficeManager,Rouw illbeskilledatsupervisingstaff,handingguestqueriesandcomplaints,maRimizingroomocc upancRandproducingthedailRbusinessfigures.Rouarewell-presentedandpatientwithafri endlR,helpfulpersonalitR.Thispositionhasunlimitedpotentialandwillsuitsomeonelookin gathis/hercareerinthelongterm. 这是个机会能让你成为一个完善的国际五星酒店一分子。我们正在寻找一个繁忙的酒店前台夜审。你将向前厅部经理汇报，熟练监督员工，处理客人查询及投诉，最大限度地提高客房入住率和整理登记日常业务数据。你要有好的形象和友好耐心，乐于助人的性格,这个职位有无限的潜力,非常适合个人记录进她的长期职业生涯中。 TravelSalesConsultant旅行社销售顾问Thejobinvolvesbookingpackagetours,makinghotelreservationsandarrangingcarhireasw ellasdesigningindividualholidaRsfortheindependenttraveller.Rouwillbecaring,havinga noutgoingpersonalitRandbeabletoputothersfirst. 这项工作包括预订旅行团，酒店预订和安排汽车出租以及设计为独立旅行者个人假期。你要会关心人，有开朗的性格，能够把别人放在第一位。 Resortreps IfRouenjoR beinginforeignplacesbutdon’tlikebeingonthemovethewholetime,thenbeing aresortrepresentativeisagreatjobforRou.Rouwillneedtobeenthusiasticenergetic,possess eRcellentcommunicationskillsandbegoodatdealingwithemergenciesandmakingtoearnc ommissionfromsellingeRcursionstoboostRourbasicsalarR. 如果你喜欢呆在国外，但是不喜欢所有工作时间都是来回奔波，那么对你来说做一个度假村的代表是一项非常不错的工作。你需要热情有活力，具有良好的沟通能力，善于处理突发事件，从销售短途旅行产品中赚取佣金来提高你的基本工资。Unit2 LARenaissance ‘LOSANGELESwillbetheculturalcapitalofthemillennium.’Thisstatementwasrecentl R madebR LA’s‘vice-president ofculturaltourism’whothenwentontostatethattherearemore majormuseumsperheadofpopulationinLAthananRotherUScitR,nottomention‘moreartis ts,writers,film-makers,actors,dancersandmusiciansthaninanRothercitRinthehistorRofci vilisation’.Hisconclusion?’LAisthemostfascinatingculturaldestinationinAmerica.’IfLAcanclaimtobeaculturalmeccait’sbecauseoftheGett RMuseum.Thisfine-artmuseuml ooksdownfromaSantaMonicahilltopoverthecitR,amonumenttoculture.Itcostwellover$1 bnwhichforcespeopletotakenote.
朗文英语2b期末卷
Class ___________ Name _______________ No ________ Score __________ Part I Listening （听力部分）40% I. Listen and circle （选出听到的内容）7% （）1. A. flour B. flower C. floor （）2. A. kites B. cats C. hats （）3. A. door B. doll C. ball （）4. A. to B. two C. too （）5. A. here B. hear C. hair （）6. A. pear B. pool C. poor （）7. A. stick B. street C. sweet II. Listen and circle （选出听到的句子的应答句或问句）12% （）1. A. I can see an orange. B. I see orange. C. I see an orange. （）2. A. Do we like elephants B. Do you like zebras C. Do we like zebras （）3. A. It's spring. B. I like spring. C. Yes, it's spring. （）4. A. My name's Eddie. B. Her name's Alice. C. His name's Eric. （）5. A. They are white. B. They are grey. C. They are blue. （）6. A. Yes, I do. B. No, I don't. C. No, thank you. III. Listen and circle （听对话，选择正确答案）10% （）1. A. Yes, they are B. No, they aren't. （）2. A. It is behind the mouse. B. It is in front of the cat. （）3. A. Under the umbrella. B. In the boat. （）4. A. Red. B. Green. （）5. A. The big panda. B. The small bear. IV. Listen and judge （听录音判断，一致用T表示，不一致用F表示）5% （）1. ET-5 is ugly. （）2. His eyes are big and brown. （）3. His mouth is very big. （）4. He can smell with his nose.
朗文旅游英语(中级)翻译
Tea was first imported from China in the 8th centu ry and the course of time developed into the art of chad or the Way of Tea. 茶是从中国进口的在第八世纪和时间发展到乍得或茶艺术的方式。It was Sen no Rikyu, the greatest 16th century tea master who identified the spirit of the Way of T ea with its four basic principles of harmony, respe ct, 这是千利休，最伟大的第十六世纪茶主人发现茶的四个基本原则，和谐的精神，尊重， purity and tranquillity. 纯洁和宁静。 Through tea, recognition is given that every human encounter is a unique occasion that can,and will, n ever recur again exactly. 通过茶，承认，每个人的相遇是一个独特的场合，可以，而且永远不会再次发生。 Thus every aspect of tea must be savoured for what it gives the participants. 茶这样的每一个方面都是对它所赋予的参与者。
THE WAY OF TEA 茶的方式 The tea ceremony is a well-orchestrated series of events, It takes place in a chashitsu, which is a building or a room in which the ceremony is performed. 茶道是精心策划的一系列事件，它发生在一个茶寮的地方，这是一个建筑或一个房间中的仪式进行。 The ritual involves meeting the guests, a purification with fresh water in a stone basin, walking through the grounds of the teahouse, watching the tea being prepared, consuming food and drinking the tea. 仪式包括会见客人，净化与新鲜的水在石盆，走在茶馆的理由，看茶准备，吃的食物和喝的茶。 Together, the chashitsu, roji, and mizuya should provide the best physical and spiritual setting for expressing this hospitality. 在一起的茶寮，该，和mizuya应该表达本酒店提供最好的物质和精神环境。 There is also a religious dimension associated with Zen Buddhism ideals. 还有一个与禅宗理想有关的宗教层面。 The whole universe is experienced in the drinking of a bowl of tea by giving oneself over totally to the here and now and fully participating
香港朗文英语2B期中试卷
Longman Welcome to English 2B Mid-Term Examination Class ___________ Name _______________ Score __________ Part I Listening （听力部分）30% I. Listen and circle （听句子，选择所听到的单词）1*5% （ ）1. A. 7:15 B. 7:30 C. 7:00 （ ）2. A. to many B. too much C. some （ ）3. A. but B. and C. or （ ）4. A. any B.some C. too （ ）5. A. wash the dishes B. dry the dishes C. do the dishes II. Listen and circle （选出听到的句子的应答句或问句）2*5% （ ）1. A. Yes,I do . B. No,I don ’t. C. Yes,she does.. （ ）2. A. What ’s the time ? B. What day is today ? C. How many? （ ）3. A. It's hot B. I like sweet . C. It ’s sour. （ ）4. A. Are there any bananas ? B. Are there any butter ?. （ ）5. A. It ’s time to do my homework.. B.It ’s time to have lunch III. Listen and circle （听对话，选择正确答案） 1*5% （ ）1. What time is it ? A. 9:00 B. 8:30 （ ）2. What can Jenny do ? A. wash the fruit. B.water the plants （ ）3 What can Jacky do ? A. tidy the room B. clean the table （ ）4. How does Lily feel ? A. hot B. cold （ ）5. What does he want to do ? A. watch TV B. have a shower IV. Listen and write （听录音,写单词） 2*5% How are you ?I am very busy.My mother is in hospital but she is feeling better now. Everyday I .Let me tell you what I do.In the morning I .Then I make our breakfast.After that I go to school. After school, my father and I go the hospital. When we .I and sweep the floor,Then I help my father to cook dinner. I and read some books.I at nine thirty. Part II Reading and writing （读写部分）70% I. Read and copy （读一读，正确抄写下列句子, 注意大小写及标点符号）5% Is there any butter no there isnt 班级 姓名 学号 ……………………………………………………………………装 订 线…………………………………………………………
邮政营业中级练习题二及答案
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朗文英语2b期末卷
朗文英语2b期末卷 ___________ Name _______________ No ________ Score __________ I Listening （听力部分）40% 1. Listen and circle （选出听到的内容）7% （）1. A. flour B. flower C. floor （）2. A. kites B. cats C. hats （）3. A. door B. doll C. ball （）4. A. to B. two C. too （）5. A. here B. hear C. hair （）6. A. pear B. pool C. poor （）7. A. stick B. street C. sweet 2. Listen and circle （选出听到的句子的应答句或问句）12% （）1. A. I can see an orange. B. I see orange. C. I see an orange. （）2. A. Do we like elephants? B. Do you like zebras? C. Do we like zebras? （）3. A. It's spring. B. I like spring. C. Yes, it's spring. （）4. A. My name's Eddie. B. Her name's Alice. C. His name's Eric. （）5. A. They ar white. B. They are grey. C. They are blue. （）6. A. Yes, I do. B. No, I don't. C. No, thank you. 3. Listen and circle （听对话，选择正确答案） 10% （）1. A. Yes, they are B. No, they aren't. （）2. A. It is behind the mouse. B. It is in front of the cat. （）3. A. Under the umbrella. B. In the boat. （）4. A. Red. B. Green. （）5. A. The big panda. B. The small bear. 4. Listen and judge （听录音判断，一致用T表示，不一致用F表示） 5% （）1. ET-5 is ugly. （）2. His eyes are big and brown. （）3. His mouth is very big. （）4. He can smell with his nose. （）5. He can't swim but he can fly in the sky. 6. Dictation (听写问题并回答) 6% _______________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________ II Reading and writing （读写部分）60% 7. Read and copy（读一读，正确抄写下列句子, 注意大小写及标点符号）4% everybody happy yes of course we are ________________________________________________________________ 8. Read and write （按要求写单词） 5% . 同类词). It can be ________. Don't drink it at night. . 形容词). I don't like_________ food. . 同音词) are made of ____________. . 复数) in my school bag! . 物主代词) can see a beautiful girl everyday. She's _______ music teacher. . Fill in the blanks. (填入合适的介词) 7% . Look! There are two pairs _______ shoes. . What does Beeno do _______ Tuesday? . How does your father help _______ home? . It's time _______ get up and wash your face. . I am _______ home ________ night. 6. What can I do _______ you? 9. Read and choose （读一读，选择适当的答案）10% ( ) 1. No ____________ at bedtime, Charlie. . sweet B. sweets C. candys ( ) 2. Would you ____________ join us? . like. B. likes to C. like to ( ) 3. ________ careful. You must ________ that cat. . Be…to stop B. Am…stopping C. Be…stop
小学英语朗文2B二年级期末试题
小学英语朗文2B 二年级期末试题 Part 1 LiStening I ? LiSten and choose the words you heard 1 × 10’) 1（ )A. San dwich B. SatUrday C 。 D. SUPermarket 2。 ( )A 。 late B. liste n C. little D. lu nch 3. ( ）A. coc onut B. congee C. COUntry D. Cage 4。 （ )A 。 early B 。 eve ning C. every D 。 ear 5。 ( ）A 。 Wear B. Weather C 。 Why D 。 Wi ndy 6。 （ )A 。 time B. teeth C. thirty D 。 trousers 7。 （ ）A. hamburger B. hat C. homework D 。 hot 8. （ )A. bread B. bowl C 。 beef D. boot 9. ( )A 。 find B. Friday C. fries D. face 10。)A. PaCket B 。 no ise C. Mo nday D. jacket H ? LiSten and PUt a tick ( √ )in the COrreCt boxes 。2× 10’）
In 。 LiSten and choose the COrreCt SentenCes× 10') 1. （） A. It S half PaSt eight in the morning。 2. ( ) A。 She likes WatChi ng birds。 3. ( ) A. We Wear a jacket in Wi nter. 4. （ ) A. Whose trousers are they? 5. ( ) A. I Can feel the rain. 6. ( ) A. When do We eat our lunch？ 7. （） A. What do you like doi ng? 8. ( ) A. I like mango ice cream. 9. （） A。 What S that noise? 10( ） A。 There are some rice。B. It 'half PaSt eight in the eve ning. B. She likes eati ng ice cream. B. We Wear a jumper in the Wi nter. B. Whose dress is it? B. I Can feel the snow. B. Whe n do you eat your IUn ch? B. What do your frie nds like doing? B. He likes coc onut ice cream. B. ItSVery no isy. B. There's a CUP of coke.
小学英语朗文2B二年级期末试题
小学英语朗文2B二年级期末试题 Part 1 Listening Ⅰ. Listen and choose the words you heard. (1×10’) 1. ( ) A. sandwich B. Saturday C. strawberry D. supermarket 2. ( ) A. late B. listen C. little D. lunch 3. ( ) A. coconut B. congee C. country D. cage 4. ( ) A. early B. evening C. every D. ear 5. ( ) A. wear B. weather C. why D. windy 6. ( ) A. time B. teeth C. thirty D. trousers 7. ( ) A. hamburger B. hat C. homework D. hot 8. ( ) A. bread B. bowl C. beef D. boot 9. ( ) A. find B. Friday C. fries D. face 10.( )A. packet B. noise C. Monday D. jacket Ⅱ. Listen and put a tick (√)in the correct boxes. (2×10’) Hot Wet Windy Cold 1.Monday 2.Tuesday 3.Wednesday 4.Thursday 5.Friday Ⅲ. Listen and choose the correct sentences. (1×10’) 1. ( ) A. It’s half past eight in the morning. B. It’s half past eight in the evening. 2. ( ) A. She likes watching birds. B. She likes eating ice cream. 3. ( ) A. We wear a jacket in winter. B. We wear a jumper in the winter. 4. ( ) A. Whose trousers are they? B. Whose dress is it? 5. ( ) A. I can feel the rain. B. I can feel the snow. 6. ( ) A. When do we eat our lunch? B. When do you eat your lunch? 7. ( ) A. What do you like doing? B. What do your friends like doing? 8. ( ) A. I like mango ice cream. B. He likes coconut ice cream. 9. ( ) A. What’s that noise? B. I t’s very noisy. 10( ) A. There are some rice. B. There’s a cup of coke.
风景园林艺术原理课程复习资料
风景园林艺术原理绪论 一、园林的内涵 1、人居环境中人对自然环境的需求是根本性的。古写的“艺”字反映了人不满足于自然的恩赐而要人造自然。人是自然的成员，又是足以独立的特殊成员，劳动创造了世界和人类文化。本学科是综合利用科学、技术和艺术手段保护和营造人类美好的室外境域的一门学科。 2、园林是人脱离了自然而又感到离不开自然而产生的专项建设事业。有一开始就具备生态文化和游憩的综合功能。园林设计是以设计以手段满足人们日益提高的对自然环境在物质和精神方面综合的要求。自两晋文献便可见这一名词，沿用至今可与国际上landscape architecture接轨和近似性对等。 其内涵是随着社会的发展而扩展的在国外大体经历了gardening和landscape architecture，目前正在向earthscape planning演变。基本上是四家所有的传统园林，以公共享用为主的城市绿地，现在拓展到国土大地的生态、功能和景观的统一规划。目的是要最大限度发挥园林在生态环境、社会和尽可能的经济等方面综合效益。 二、什么是.？ 在园林营建中，改造地形，筑山叠石，引泉挖湖，造亭垒台和莳花植树 利用自然环境，运用水土石植物动物建筑物等素材来创造游憩境域。 研究如何合理运用自然因素、社会因素来创建优美的、生态平衡的生活境域的学科。 把大地的自然景观和人文景观当做资源来看待，从生态、社会经济价值和审美
价值三方面来进行评价，在开发时最大限度地保存自然景观，最合理使用土地。1、1910年美国着名景观师Charles LA本来就是艺术的一种，其最重要的功能就是创造和保存人类居住环境和广袤国土之上的自然风景美；同时，LA理应给日渐疏远田园风景的都市人提供美丽而宁静的风景，以满足他们亲近自然的迫切需要，更新和慰安紧张而忙碌的劳动生活，增进城市人的享乐、方便和健康。 2、《朗文当代英语词典》 对LA的定义为：“对一个地区的形象进行规划的职业或艺术，包括道路、建筑物及绿化区域。” 3、美国景观设计师联盟 将艺术和科学的原理应用到自然环境和人工环境的研究、规划及管理中。三、什么是设计？ 赫伯特·西蒙（Herbert Simon）在1968年所写的《工艺科学》中提出的，他写道：“所谓设计，就是找到一个能够改善现状的途径。” 四、LA的工作范围？ 1、LA的具体工作包括： 城市小镇社区及邻里的规划，城市空间、开放空间、滨水空间的规划设计，风景旅游地的规划设计，保护和管理国家地区级城市各个级别的公园，保护历史文化遗迹，确保有效使用土地，保护并节约自然资源 2、LA的主要项目类型： 住宅区、公园、娱乐及纪念园地的规划设计，城市、街景及公共空间，办公楼及商业区的景观设计，花园和植物园的设计，企业园区与大学校园的规划设计，运输走廊及城市基础设施的景观，旅游胜地和度假村的规划设计，历史遗迹的保留、