最新中考英语语法专题复习讲义与练习题：专题九被动语态

专题九被动语态

动词语态分为两大类：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态：主语是动作的执行者。被动语态：主语是动作的承受者。动作的执行者由by连接的短语表示，常译为“被、由”。

对于英语的被动语态，我们可以以下五个方面来掌握。

一、主语与谓语动词的逻辑关系被动语态表示句子的主语是谓语动词动作的承受者或对象。如：Computers are widely used in our work and daily life. 电脑在我们的工作和日常生活中广泛应用。(computers就是use的对象或承受者)

二、表示被动语态的形式(1)基本形式：主语+ be + vt.的过去分词+ (by + sb.) This song is often sung by children at school. 这首歌经常在学校被孩子们唱。

常见被动语态的时态：

①一般现在时：am/is/are+ vt.的过去分词；

②一般过去时：was / were + vt.的过去分词；

③一般将来时：will / shall / be going to + be + vt.的过去分词；

④现在完成时：have / has + been + vt.的过去分词；

⑤过去完成时：had + been + vt.的过去分词；

⑥现在进行时：am/is/are + being + vt.的过去分词；

⑦过去进行时：was / were + being + vt.的过去分词

⑧过去将来时：would + be + vt.的过去分词

注意：被动语态不用于将来进行时及完成进行时。

(2)其他形式：(选学)

①主语+ be + vt. 的过去分词+ (by +. sb.)+宾语/ 介词+

宾语

A. 主语+ be + vt. 的过去分词+ (by + sb.)+ 宾语/to +宾语

I was shown his gold medal there. 在那里他给我看了他的金牌。

His gold medal was shown to me. 他的金牌给我看了。能用于这一句型的常见动词有bring，give，hand，lend，offer，pass，post，send，show，teach，tell，throw，write等。

B. 主语+ be + vt. 的过去分词+ (by + sb.)+ 宾语/for +宾语

I was bought a new dictionary (by my father). 我父亲给我买了一本新字典。 A new dictionary was bought for me (by my father). 我父亲给我买了一本新字典。能用于这一句型的常见动词有buy，call，cook，do，get，make，save等。

②主语+ be + vt. 的过去分词+ (by + sb.)+ 主语的补足语

Jim was made chairman at the meeting. Jim在会上被推选为主席。Li Lei was seen to break the glass this moming. 李雷今天上午被人

看到打碎了那块玻璃。能用于这一句型的常见动词有feel，hear，make，observe，see，watch等。特别注意的是，在主动语态中，

不定式做宾语的补足语，不定式前面的小品词to必须省略，而在被

动语态中，不定式做主语的补足语，不定式的小品词to必须补上。

③主语+情态动词（can/could/may/might/must/should/ought to）+ be + 动词的过去分词+ (by + sb.) Water can be turned into

ice. 水能转变成冰。Your essay should be rewritten again. 你的论文应该还重新修改一遍。

④主语+be + 短语动词的过去分词+ (by + sb.) His words should be paid much attention to. 应该多注意他的话。The children in China are taken good care of now. 现在中国的孩子被照料得很好。注意：动词后面的介词或副词不能省略。

⑤形式主语(It) +be + vt.的过去分词+主语从句It is reported that our team has won the game again. 据报道，我们队又赢了比赛。能用于这一句型的常见动词有believe，expect，know，report，say，suppose，think等。这一句型也可变为：主语+ be + vt. 的过去分词+不定式短语The Mars is believed to have no life on it.

火星被确认无生命迹象。Our team is reported to have won the game again. 据报道，我们队又赢了比赛。

三、被动语态的用法

被动语态往往表示一种客观的事实，有时语气比较生硬，没有商量的余地，从而令人难以接受，因此，切不可随便使用。在能用主动语态

表示时，尽量使用主动语态，只有在下面的情况中才使用被动语态。

①说不出动作的执行者或没有必要说出动作的执行者；如：The classroom had been cleaned when I got there.

当我到达教室的时候，教室已经被人打扫过了。

(教室究竟是谁打扫的，说话者并不知道)

②为了突出或强调动作的承受者或对象；如：Homework must be finished before school is over.

作业必须在放学之前做完。(强调Homework)

③为了修辞的需要，使句子间的联系更紧密。如: I have a new motorbike. It was given to me by my father yesterday as my

birthday present. 我有一台新摩托车。它是昨天我父亲买给我作为生

日礼物的。(显然，It指代the new bike就与上文的 a new motorbike 紧密相连)

四、不能使用被动语态的情况

(1)不及物动词没有被动形式。特别要注意汉语中带名词或代词

做宾语的动词，如belong，die，happen，occur，take place等不及物动词。如：A terrible traffic accident happened on the road yesterday. (昨天在公路上发生了一起可怕的交通事故。)就不能改写为：A terrible traffic accident is happened on the road yesterday.

(2)一些静态的及物动词也不能用于被动语态。如agree with，fit，have，hold，own，suit等。如：I don’t agree with Jack. (我不同意Jack的观点。)就不能改写为：Jack isn ' t agreed with.

五、主动形式表被动意义如：The pen writes well. 这支笔很好写。The food tastes good. 这些食物尝起来味道很好。

His house is comfortable to live in. 他的房子住起来很舒服。

实战演练(2×50) 计分:

1._____ a new library _____ in our school last year?

A. Did ; build

B. Was ; built

Is; built

2.An accident ____ on this road last week.

A. was happened

B. has happened

C.happened

3. --- This kind of rice tastes nice. Do you know where it is grown?

--- Yes, it _______ in Southeast China.

A. was grew

B. is grown

is growing

4.So far, the moon ____ by man already.

A. is visited

B. has been visited

was visited

5.A talk on Chinese history _____ in the school hall next week.

A. is given

B. has been given

will be given

6.A lot of things ____ by people to save the little girl now.

A. are doing

B. are being done

will be done

7.The doctor _____ for yet.

A. isn't sent

B. wasn't sent

hasn't been sent

8. ---When ___ this kind of computer ______?

---Last year.

A. was; made

B. did; make

C .are; made

9.Who _____ this book _____?

A. did; write

B. was; written by

is; written

10.Mary ____ show me her new dictionary.

A. has asked to

B. was asked to

is asked

11.A story _____ by Granny yesterday.

A. was told to us

B. was told us

is told us

12.The monkey was seen _____ off the tree.

A. jumped

B. jumps

to jump

13.Older people ____ well.

A. must be looked after

B. looks after

must look after

14.Our teacher ______ carefully.

A. should be listened

B. should be listened to

are listened

15. In some part of the world, tea _______ with milk and sugar.

A. is served

B. serves

served

16. --- Did you win the basketball game?

--- Bad luck. Our team _______ in the final one.

A. won

B. was won

C. was beaten

17. Do you think that the bridge ______ in a year?

A. would be completed

B. will be completed

is completed

18. Great changes _______ in China since 1949.

A. have taken place

B. have been taken place

took place

19. ---Why does Ling Ling look so unhappy?

---She has _______ by her classmates.

A. laughed

B. been laughed

been laughed at

20. Doctors _______ in every part of the world.

A. need

B. are needing

are needed

21. This painting _______ to a museum in New York in 1977.

A. sells

B. sold

C. was sold

22. The television _______. It doesn’t work now.

A. must repair

B. must be repaired

C. has repaired

23. --- Do you think that the classroom _______ every day?

--- Yes, I think so.

A. should clean

B. should be cleaning

C. should be cleaned

24. I believe that those mountains _______ with trees in a few

years’ time.

A. are covered

B. will be covered

C. will cover

25. It is said that about 400 cars _______ in the factory next month.

A. will produce

B. are produced

C. will be produced

26. I wasn’t at home yesterday. I _______ to help with the harvest on the farm.

A. was asked

B.was asking

C. asked

27. ---Are you free this afternoon?

---No. I’ll have an English composition _______ this afternoon.

A. to write

B. wrote

C. to be written

28. --- Where are the boys?

--- Oh, they _______ basketball on the playground just now.

A. were seen play

B. were seen to play

C. had seen play

29. --- Can you sing this English song?

--- Of course I can. It _______ often _______ by children.

A. is; sang

B.was ; sang

C.is ; sung

30. ---What did Miss Zhang say to you just now?

---She said that all the books should ___ to the library on time.

A. are returned

B. return

C. be returned

31. When and where to build the new factory _______ yet.

A. is not decided

B. have not been decided

C. has not been decided

32. Paul doesn’t have to be made _______. He always works hard.

A. learn

B. to learn

C. learned

33. A football match _______ in our school next Monday.

A. will hold

B. will be held

C. is going to hold

34. ----What’s happened to Joe?

---- ________ to a hospital.

A. He’s taken

B. He’s been taken

C. He’ll be taken

35.--- Did you go to the party yesterday?

---- No, I ________.

A. wasn’t invited

B. was invited

C. didn’t invite

36. Today the forests have almost gone. People must ______ down

too many trees.

A. stop from cutting

B. stop to cut

be stopped from cutting

37 .He was seen ________ something from the shop.

A. steal

B. to steal

C. to be stolen

38. One of the club activties ________ by Mr Smith.

A. is holding

B. are held

C. is held

39. This kind of medicine ________ in a dry and cool place.

A. must keep

B. kept

C. must be kept

40. The dog _________ an hour ago.

A.died

B.has died

C.has been dead

41. ---Mary, you ____ on the phone.

--- Thank you, Mom.

A. are wanted

B. will be wanted

have wanted

42. This book ________ well in the shop.

A. sells

B. is selling

C. is sold

43.The windows__________ after school is over.

https://www.360docs.net/doc/344557579.html,ually closed

B.are usually closed

C.are usually closing

44.They sat at the table until all the food __________ .

A.was eating

B.was eaten

C.were eaten

45.I don’t know the restaurant, but it ___________to be quite a good one.

A.is said

B.is told

C.is spoken

46. The old man was quite weak after the accident, so he _______.

A. must be taken care

B. must take care of

C. must be looked after

47. ----I feel very happy that I __________ to be the host.

----Congratulations.

A. choose

B. am chsoen

C. was chosen

48.Trees and grass __________ every year to protect our environment.

A.is planted

B.are planted

C.have planted

49.English _________in Canada, Australia and New Zealand as well as America.

A.speaks

B.is speaking

C.is spoken

50. ---Look at the sign on the wall.

--- Oh, parking _______ here.

A. doesn’t allow

B.isn’t allowed

C. wasn’t allowed

参考答案

1-5BCBBC 6-10BCABB 11-15ACABA 16-20CBACC

21-25CBCBC

26-30AABCC 31-35CBBBA 36-40CBCCA 41-45AABBA

46-50CCBCB

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