英文文法术语表

Glossary of English Grammar Terms (英文文法术语表)

2008-10-15 8:44 P.M.

Active Voice 主动句

In the active voice, the subject of the verb does the action.

eg Cats eat fish.

active subject verb object

Cats eat fish.

Adjective 形容词

A word like big, red, easy, French etc. An adjective describes a noun or pronoun.

-用来修饰名词，如great(伟大的)，honest(诚实的)，difficult(困难的)。

Adverb 副词

A word like slowly, quietly, well, often etc. An adverb modifies a verb.

-是修饰动词、形容词和副词的词，如quickly(快)，often(经常)，very(很)。Article 冠词

The "indefinite" articles are a and an. The "definite article" is the.

-说明名词所指的人或物的词，如a，an(一个)，the(这，那)。

Auxiliary Verb 助动词

A verb that is used with a main verb. Be, do and have are auxiliary verbs. Can, may, must etc are modal auxiliary verbs.

比如：I am a boy. "am"就是the verb 'to be'的一种。

Clause 字句

A group of words containing a subject and its verb (for example: It was late when he arrived).

Conjunction 连接词

A word used to connect words, phrases and clauses (for example: and, but, if).

-是连接词、短语、从句和句子的词，如and(和)，because(因为)，if(假如)。Infinitive 不定词

The basic form of a verb as in to work or work.

Interjection 感叹词

An exclamation inserted into an utterance without grammatical connection (for example: oh!, ah!, ouch!, well!).

-表示感情，如。oh(噢)，aha(啊哈)，hush(嘘)。

Modal Verb 情态动词

An auxiliary verb like can, may, must etc that modifies the main verb and expresses possibility, probability etc. It is also called "modal auxiliary verb". Noun 名词

A word like table, dog, teacher, America etc. A noun is the name of an object, concept, person or place. A "concrete noun" is something you can see or touch like a person or car. An "abstract noun" is something that you cannot see or touch like a decision or happiness. A "countable noun" is something that you can count (for example: bottle, song, dollar). An "uncountable noun" is something that you cannot count (for example: water, music, money).

-是人和事物的名称，如pen(钢笔)，English(英语)，life(生活)。

数词(numeral，缩写为num.)

-是表示“多少”和“第几”的词，如four(四)，eighteen(十八)，first(第一)，eighth(十八)，hundred(一百)。

Object 宾语/目标

In the active voice, a noun or its equivalent that receives the action of the verb. In the passive voice, a noun or its equivalent that does the action of the verb.

eg. I love you. You就是所谓的宾语，接受love这个动词的人

Participle 分词

The -ing and -ed forms of verbs. The -ing form is called the "present participle". The -ed form is called the "past participle" (for irregular verbs, this is column 3).

Part Of Speech 词类

One of the eight classes of word in English - noun, verb, adjective, adverb, pronoun, preposition, conjunction and interjection.

Passive Voice

In the passive voice, the subject receives the action of the verb (eg The President was killed). See also Active Voice.

eg Fish are eaten by cats.

Passive subject verb object

< Fish are eaten by cats.

Passive voice table: https://www.360docs.net/doc/3611153385.html,/wi3/englishcorner/grammar/vrbtbl1p.html Phrase 短语

A group of words not containing a subject and its verb (eg on the table, the

girl in a red dress).

Predicate 谓词

Each sentence contains (or implies) two parts: a subject and a predicate. The predicate is what is said about the subject.

In the following sentences, the predicate is enclosed in braces ({}), while the subject is highlighted in black.

Judy {runs}.

Judy and her dog {run on the beach every morning}.

Preposition 介词

A word like at, to, in, over etc. Prepositions usually come before a noun and give information about things like time, place and direction.

-表示名词(或代词)与句子里其它词的关系，如from(从)，in(在…内)，between(在…之间)。Prepostion of Place and Direction

Preposition of Place and Direction (in, on, at)

Preposition of time

Pronoun 代名词

A word like I, me, you, he, him, it etc. A pronoun replaces a noun. 是用来代替名词的词，如we(我们)，his(他的)，all(全部)。

一目了然的图表：https://www.360docs.net/doc/3611153385.html,/wi3/englishcorner/grammar/prntbl.html Sentence 句子

A group of words that express a thought. A sentence conveys a statement, question, exclamation or command. A sentence contains or implies a subject and a predicate. In simple terms, a sentence must contain a verb and (usually) a subject. A sentence starts with a capital letter and ends with a full stop (.), question mark (?) or exclamation mark (!).

Subject 主语

Every sentence contains (or implies) two parts: a subject and a predicate. The subject is the main noun (or equivalent) in a sentence about which something is said.

Tense 语法（时态）

The form of a verb that shows us when the action or state happens (past, present or future). Note that the name of a tense is not always a guide to when the action happens. The "present continuous tense", for example, can be used to talk about the present or the future.

详细的T ense表：https://www.360docs.net/doc/3611153385.html,/bbs/viewthread.php?tid=16434&extra=page%3D1

这里还有：

https://www.360docs.net/doc/3611153385.html,/grammar/verb-tenses_sys-tense-time.htm Verb 动词

A word like (to) work, (to) love, (to) begin. A verb describes an action or state.

-表示动作和状态，如write(写)，walk(行走)，think(想)。

Regular Verb

Irregular Verb

英语语法术语汇总（中英对照）

所属：沪江英语评论：5

从句clause

从属句subordinate clause

并列句coordinate clause

名词从句nominal clause

定语从句attributive clause

状语从句adverbial clause

宾语从句object clause

主语从句subject clause

同位语从句appositive clause

时间状语从句adverbial clause of time

地点状语从句adverbial clause of place

方式状语从句adverbial clause of manner

让步状语从句adverbial clause of concession

原因状语从句adverbial clause of cause

结果状语从句adverbial clause of result

目的状语从句adverbial clause of purpose

条件状语从句adverbial clause of condition

真实条件状语从句adverbial clause of real condition

非真实条件状语从句adverbial clause of unreal condition 含蓄条件句adverbial clause of implied condition

错综条件句adverbial clause of mixed condition

句子sentence

简单句simple sentence

并列句compound sentence

复合句complex sentence

并列复合句compound complex sentence

陈述句declarative sentence

疑问句interrogative sentence

一般疑问句general question

特殊疑问句special question

选择疑问句alternative question

附加疑问句tag question

反义疑问句disjunctive question

修辞疑问句rhetorical question

感叹疑问句exclamatory question

存在句existential sentence

肯定句positive sentence

基本句型basic sentence pattern

否定句negative sentence

祈使句imperative sentence

省略句elliptical sentence

感叹句exclamatory sentence

句子成分members of sentences 主语subject

谓语predicate

宾语object

双宾语dual object

直接宾语direct object

间接宾语indirect object

复合宾语complex object

同源宾语cognate object

补语complement

主补subject complement

宾补object complement

表语predicative

定语attribute

同位语appositive

状语adverbial

句法关系syntactic relationship 并列coordinate

从属subordination

修饰modification

前置修饰pre-modification

后置修饰post-modification 限制restriction

双重限制double-restriction 非限制non-restriction

数number

单数形式singular form

复数形式plural form

规则形式regular form

不规则形式irregular form 格case

普通格common case

所有格possessive case

主格nominative case

宾格objective case

性gender

阳性masculine

阴性feminine

通性common

中性neuter

人称person

第一人称first person

第二人称second person

第三人称third person