2017年数据库试题及答案6

2017年数据库试题及答案六

一选择题

1．（）是位于用户与操作系统之间的一层数据管理软件。数据库在建立、使用和维护时由其统一管理、统一控制。

A．DBMS B．DB C．DBS D．DBA

2．（）是长期存储在计算机内有序的、可共享的数据集合。

A．DATA B．INFORMATION C．DB D．DBS

3 在三级模式结构中，描述数据库中全体数据的全局逻辑结构和特征的是（）

A)外模式B)存储模式C)内模式D)模式

4 按照传统的数据模型分类，数据库系统可以分为三种模型（）

A)大型中型小型B)西文中文兼容C)层次网状关系D)数据图

形多媒体

5．目前（）数据库系统已逐渐淘汰了网状数据库和层次数据库，成为当今最为流行的商用数据库系统。|

A．关系B．面向对象C．分布

6．（）是刻画一个数据模型性质最重要的方面。因此在数据库系统中，人们通常按（）的类型来命名数据模型。

A．数据结构B．数据操纵C．完整性约束

7 关系数据库系统能实现的专门关系运算包括（）

A)排序、索引、统计B) 选择、投影、连接 C)关联、更新、排序D)显示、打印、

8 两个关系进行自然连接，要求有一个或多个共有的（）

A)B) 元组C)行D)属性

9 在关系代数的专门关系运算中，从表中选出满足条件的元组的操作称为（）

A)除法B) 投影C)选择D)连接

10 下列关系运算中花费时间最长的是（）

A)除法B) 投影C)选择D)连接

11 SQL 语言是( )的语言，易学习

A)过程化B) 非过程化C)格式化D)导航式

12 下列SQL 语句中，修改表结构的是（）

A)ALTER B)CREATE C) UPDATE D) INSERT

13 SQL 语言具有两种使用方式，分别称为交互式SQL 和（）

A)提示式SQL B) 多用户SQL C)嵌入式SQL D)解释式SQL

14 关系规范化中的删除异常是指（）

A)不该删除的被删除B) 应该删除的没删除C)操作被中断

15 关系数据库中的关系模式至少是（）

A)1NF B)2NF C) 3NF D) 4NF

16 候选码中的属性称为（）

A)主属性B) 非主属性C)关键属性D)复合属性

17 关系模式的候选码可以有（）个

A)1 个B) 多个C) 1 个或多个D) 0 个

18 候选码中的属性可以有（）

A)1 个B) 多个C) 1 个或多个D) 0 个

19 当关系模式R 已属于3NF, 下列说法正确的是（）

A)消除了异常操作B) 仍存在异常操作C)一定属于BCNF D)一定不属于BCNF

20 关系在数据库的物理组织中，它以形式存储。模式的分解（）

A)唯一B) 不唯一C)规范程度越高越好

二填空

1．关系数据模型中，实体及实体间的联系都用来表示。

2．常用的关系操作有两类：传统的集合操作，如并、交、差和。专门的关系操作，如、投影、连接等。前者从行的角度来进行，后者不仅涉及关系的行，而且涉及关系的。

3．数据库技术经历了、和三个发展阶段。

4．数据模型通常都是由、和三个要素组成。

三简答题

1．数据依赖对关系模式有什么影响？

2．关系模型的完整性规则有哪几类？在关系模型的参照完整性规则中，外部码属性的值是否可以为空？什么情况下才可以为空？

3．简述SQL 的功能。

4．视图有什么优点？

5．什么是数据库的安全性？数据库安全性控制的常用方法有哪些？

6．什么是数据库的完整性？它与完整性有什么区别？

7．并发操作可能会产生哪几类数据不一致？

8．什么是数据库的恢复?恢复的实现技术有哪些？

9．试述数据库的设计步骤。

10 三级模式结构有什么优点？

四有如下关系模式：教师（编号，姓名，年龄，教研

室）课程（课号，课名，学分）授

课（教师编号，课号，学时）

1．用SQL 语言完成下列操作

1）查询主讲三门以上课程的教师姓名。

2）定义一个视图，由教师姓名，课名，学时三个属性组成

3）删除所有没有授课的教师记录。

2．用关系代数表示下列查询

1）列出学分高于 3 分的课程名称

2）列出主讲 2 号课的所有教师的编号和姓名

试题6 答

案

一 ACDCA ABDCD BA C AA ACCBB

二 1 表 2 减、选择、列3手工管理文件管理数据库

4 数据结构、数据操作、完整性规则

三

1 不合理的函数依赖会造成关系模式的规范化程度低，造成数据库的异常操作。

2 完整性规则包括实体完整性、参照完整性、用户定义完整性。外码在不能确定时，可

以取空值。

3 数据定义数据操纵数据控制

4 视图是一个虚表，借助视图可以确保系统的数据独立性功能，方便系统功能扩充，保证数据安全性。

5 6 安全性是指防止非法用户对数据的非法操作，完整性是确保数据的正确性和有效性。

7 读脏数据、不可重复读、不可重复读

8 当系统发生异常，事务不能成功完成时，数据恢复要确保事务的原子性。主要技术有日志文件、备份、磁盘镜像。

9 需求分析、概念设计、逻辑设计、物理设计、实施

10 确保数据独立性，包括逻辑独立性和物理独立性。

四

1 select 姓名 from 教师 w h ere 编号 in (select 教师编号from 授课 group by 教师编号

having count(*)>=3) (3 分)

2 create view v1 ( 教师姓名，课名，学时) as

select 姓名，课名，学时from 授课,教师，课程w h ere

授课.编号=教师.编号and 课程.课号=授课.课号

3 delete from 教师w h ere 编号not in

(select 教师编好from 授课)(3 分)

五

1П课名(σ 学分〉3(课程)

2 П姓名(σ 课号='2‘(教师∞授课)

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