2008-2012年英语专八人文部分真题及答案(部分有解析)
2012
31. The Maori people are natives of
A. Australia.
B. Canada.
C. Ireland.
D. New Zealand.
32. The British monarch is the Head of
A. Parliament.
B. State.
C. Government.
D. Cabinet.
33. Americans celebrate Independence Day on
A. July 4th.
B. October 11th.
C. May 31st.
D. September 6th.
34. Canada is bounded on the north by
A. the Pacific Ocean.
B. the Atlantic Ocean.
C. the Arctic Ocean.
D. the Great Lakes.
35. Who is the author of The Waste Lana?
A. George Bernard Shaw.
B. W.B. Yeats.
C. Dylan Thomas.
D. T.S. Eliot.
36. Which of the following novelists wrote The Sound and the Fury?
A. William Faulkner.
B. Ernest Hemingway.
C. Scott Fitzgerald.
D. John Steinbeck.
37. "The lettuce was lonely without tomatoes and cucumbers for company" is an example of
A. exaggeration.
B. understatement.
C. personification.
D. synecdoche.
38. In English ifa word begins with a [l] or a [r], then the next sound must be a vowel. This is a (n)
A. assimilation rule.
B. sequential rule.
C.deletion rule.
D. grammar rule.
39. Which of the following is an example of clipping?
A.APEC.
B.Motel.
C.Xerox.
D.Disco.
40. The type of language which is selected as appropriate to a particular type of" situation is called
A. register.
B. dialect.
C. slang.
D. variety.
31: new Zealand 32: state 33: July 4th 34: the Arctic Ocean 35: T.S.Eliot 36: William Faulkner 37: personification 38: sequential rule 39: Disco 40: register
2011
31. The northernmost part of Great Britain is _______.
A. Northern Ireland
B. Wales
C. England
D. Scotland
参考答案：D
TIP：选D。英国最北端是苏格兰。
32. It is generally agreed that _______ were the first Europeans to reach Australia's shores.
A. the French
B. the Germans
C. the British
D. the Dutch
参考答案：D
TIP：选D。1606年，荷兰航海家Willem Janszoon在约克角西岸登陆澳洲。1770年，英国人库克船长登上澳洲大陆并宣布它为英国领土。
33. Which country is known as the Land of Maple Leaf?
A. Canada.
B. New Zealand.
C. Great Britain.
D. The United States of America.
参考答案：A
TIP：选A。加拿大被誉为“枫叶之国”。
34. Who wrote the famous pamphlet, The Common Sense, before the American Revolution?
A. Thomas Jefferson.
B. Thomas Paine.
C. John Adams.
D. Benjamin Franklin.
参考答案：B
TIP：选B。《常识》是托马斯?潘恩在美国革命之前撰写的。
35. Virginia Woolf was an important female ________ in the 20th-century England.
A. poet
B. biographer
C. playwright
D. novelist
参考答案：D
TIP：选D。弗吉尼亚?伍尔芙是英国著名小说家，第二次世界大战期间，她是伦敦文学界的核心人物。
36. ______ refers to a long narrative poem that records the adventures of a hero in a nation's history.
A. Ballad
B. Romance
C. Epic
D. Elegy
参考答案：C
TIP：选C。epic是“史诗、叙事诗”的意思。
37. Which of the following best explores American myth in the 20th century?
A. The Great Gatsby.
B. The Sun Also Rises.
C. The Sound and the Fury.
D. Beyond the Horizon.
参考答案：A
TIP：选A。《天边外》是尤金?奥尼尔的著名戏剧作品，《太阳照常升起》是海明威的代表作，《喧哗与骚动》则是福克纳的代表作。《了不起的盖茨比》的作者是菲茨杰拉德的作品，反映了美国20世纪20年代到30年代的社会现实，对美国神话进行了另类诠释和解读。
38. _______ is defined as the study of the relationship between language and mind.
A. Semantics
B. Pragmatics
C. Cognitive linguistics
D. Sociolinguistics
参考答案：C
TIP：选C。认知语言学认为，语言的创建、学习及运用，基本上都必须能够通过人类的认知而加以解释，因为认知能力是人类知识的根本。
39. A vowel is different from a consonant in English because of ________.
A. absence of obstruction
B. presence of obstruction.
C. manner of articulation
D. place of articulation
参考答案：A
TIP：选A。辅音主要是从肺部呼出的气流在通过口腔或鼻腔时遇到阻碍而发出的音，元音的发音与之最大的区别就是不受阻碍，不产生摩擦。
40. The definition "the act of using or promoting the use of several languages, either by an individual speaker or by a community of speakers" refers to _________.
A. Pidgin
B. Creole
C. Multilingualism
D. Bilingualism
参考答案：C
TIP：选C。Multilingualism的意思是“多语现象、多语制”。
2010
31. Which of the following statements in INCORRECT?
A. The British constitution includes the Magna Carta of 1215.
B. The British constitution includes Parliamentary acts.
C. The British constitution includes decisions made by courts of law.
D. The British constitution includes one single written constitution.
32. The first city ever founded in Canada is
A. Quebec.
B. Vancouver.
C. Toronto.
D. Montreal.
33. When did the Australian Federation officially come into being?
A. 1770.
B. 1788.
C. 1900.
D. 1901.
34. The Emancipation Proclamation to end the slavery plantation system in the South of the U.S. was issued by
A. Abraham Lincoln.
B. Thomas Paine.
C. George Washington.
D. Thomas Jefferson.
35. ________ is best known for the technique of dramatic monologue in his poems..
A. Will Blake
B. W.B. Yeats
C. Robert Browning
D. William Wordsworth
36. The Financier is written by
A. Mark Twain.
B. Henry James.
C. William Faulkner.
D. Theodore Dreiser.
37. In literature a story in verse or prose with a double meaning is defined as
A. allegory.
B. sonnet.
C. blank verse.
D. rhyme.
38. ________ refers to the learning and development of a language.
A. Language acquisition
B. Language comprehension
C. Language production
D. Language instruction
39. The word “Motel”comes from “motor + hotel”. This is an example of ________ in morphology.
A. backformation
B. conversion
C. blending
D. acronym
40. Language is t tool of communication. The symbol “ Highway Closed” on a highway serves
A. an expressive function.
B. an informative function.
C. a performative function.
D. a persuasive function.
31. Which of the following is INCORRECT
答案D：The British Constituiton includes one single written constitution
答题技巧：首先注意题干INCORRECT, 根据常识判断英国宪法为不成文宪法；故本题选择D，其他选项更为细节，直接忽略跳过。
常识背景：
不成文宪法是指不具有统一法典形式，而散见于多种法律文书，宪法判例和宪法惯例的宪法。不成文宪法的最显著特征在于，虽然各种法律文件并未冠以宪法之名，却发挥着宪法的作用。英国是典型的不成文宪法国家。
英国是不成文法国家，没有宪法典，但不是没有宪法。英国宪法是不成文的。而犯罪人进监狱并不是依据宪法，而是依据刑法。英国刑法也是不成文的，英国是判例法国家，先前的判例对于定罪量刑作用相当大。英国还有陪审团，定罪方面由12人的陪审团根据具体案件过程来决定，一旦定罪，法官根据先例和经验来量刑。
32. The first city ever founded in Canada is
答案A：Quebec
答题说明：这个题目其实比较偏，笔者本人也是通过google 才知道答案。这里需要说明的是，人文知识完全靠平时点滴积累，考前强化背诵是没有意义的。我们不要指望人文知识考满分，因为出题者每次总会故意出一两道偏题。我们只要追求80%正确就不错了。以80分为目标，而不是100分。另外80分到100分拿到的证书都是一样的专八“优秀”。
关于本题的历史文化背景太复杂，在本文结束后会以附件形式发布出来。
33. When did the Austrlian Federation officially come into being?
〈鸢窪：1901
答题说明：本题为英语国家概况基本常识题
34. The Emancipation Proclamation to end the plantation slavery in the south of US was issued by
答案A：Abraham Lincoln
答题说明：本题为美国历史常识题，林肯发布解放黑奴宣言
35．Who was best known for the technique of dramatic monologue in his poems?
答案C：Robert Browning
答题说明：本题为文学常识题
文化背景：罗伯特·勃朗宁（Robert Browning)（1812-1889），维多利亚时期代表诗人之一。主要作品有《戏剧抒情诗》、《剧中人物》、《指环与书》等。与丁尼生齐名，是维多利亚时代两大诗人之一。他以精细入微的心理探索而独步诗坛，对⒚?0世纪诗歌产生了重要影响。朗宁对英国诗歌的最大贡献，是发展和完善了戏剧独白诗（Dramaticmonologue）这样一种独特的诗歌形式，并且用它鲜明而生动地塑造了各种不同类型的人物性格，深刻而复杂地展示了人的内在心理。
36. The Financier was written by
答案D：Theodore Dreiser
答题说明：本题为文学常识题
人文背景：西奥多·德莱塞（Theodore Dreiser，1871～1945），美国小说家。生于印第安纳州特雷霍特镇。父亲是贫苦的德国移民。他在公立学校接受了早期教育，以后进印第安纳大学学习。一生的大部分时间从事新闻工作。走遍芝加哥、匹兹堡、纽约等大城市，广泛深入地观察了解社会，为日后的文学创作积累了丰富的素材。代表作：《嘉莉妹妹》、《金融家》、《美国悲剧》等
37. In literature a strory in verse or prose with a double meaning is difined as
答案A：Allegory
答题说明：即使你不认识选项A，也可以通过排除法排除B. sonnet, C. blank verse, D. rhyme. 因为BCD 涉及的主要是形式或音韵，不涉及内容和意义。
38．… refers to the learning and development of a language
答案A：language acqisition
答题说明：本题为语言学常识题。
背景知识：语言习得最基本的定义，其余选项一看就不符合题干内容。
39. The word “motel” comes from “motor –hotel”. This is an example of “…” in morphology.
答案C：blending
答题说明：本题为语言学分支形态学最基本常识，也是比较活跃的一种构词方式
背景知识：A 逆生法；B 转类法；C拼缀法；D 首字母构词
40．Language is tool of co mmunication, the sybol “highway closed” serves
答案B：informative function
答题说明：语言学基本常识；认识选项单词都不会选错答案
2009
31. The Head of State of New Zealand is
A. the governor-general.
B. the Prime Minister.
C. the high commissioner.
D. the monarch of the United Kingdom.
32. The capital of Scotland is
A. Glasgow.
B. Edinburgh.
C. Manchester.
D. London.
33. Who wrote the Declaration of Independence and later became the U.S. President?
A. Thomas Jefferson.
B. George Washington.
C. Thomas Paine.
D. John Adams.
34. Which of the following cities is located on the eastern coast of Australia?
A. Perth.
B. Adelaide.
C. Sydney.
D. Melbourne.
35. Ode to the West Windwas written by
A. William Blake.
B. William Wordsworth.
C. Samuel Taylor Coleridge.
D. Percy B. Shelley.
36. Who among the following is a poet of free verse?
A. Ralph Waldo Emerson.
B. Walt Whitman.
C. Herman Melville
D. Theodore Dreiser.
37. The novel Sons and Lovers was written by
A. Thomas Hardy.
B. John Galsworthy.
C.
D.H. Lawrence. D. James Joyce.
38. The study of the mental processes of language comprehension and production is
A. corpus linguistics.
B. sociolinguistics.
C. theoretical linguistics.
D. psycholinguistics.
39. A special language variety that mixes languages and is used by speakers of different languages for purposes of trading is called
A. dialect.
B. idiolect.
C. pidgin.
D. register.
40. When a speaker expresses his intention of speaking, such as asking someone to open the window, he is performing
A. an illocutionary act.
B. a perlocutionary act.
C. a locutionary act.
D. none of the above.
31-35 DBACD 36-40 BCDCA
2008
31. The largest city in Canada is
A. Vancouver.
B. Montreal.
C. Toronto
D. Ottawa.
32. According to the United States Constitution, the legislative power is invested in
A. the Federal Government.
B. the Supreme Court.
C. the Cabinet.
D. the Congress.
33. Which of the following is the oldest sport in the United States?
A. Baseball.
B. Tennis.
C. Basketball.
D. American football.
34. The head of the executive branch in New Zealand is
A. the President.
B. the Governor-General.
C. the British monarch,
D. the Prime Minister.
35. The Canterbury Tales, a collection of stories told by a group of pilgrims on their way to Canterbury, is an important poetic work by
A. William Langland.
B. Geoffrey Chaucer.
C. William Shakespeare.
D. Alfred Tennyson.
36. Who wrote The American?
A. Herman Melville.
B. Nathaniel Hawthorne.
C. Henry James.
D. Theodore Dreiser.
37. All of the following are well-known female writers in 20th -century Britain EXCEPT
A. George Eliot.
B. Iris Jean Murdoch.
C. Doris Lessing.
D. Muriel Spark.
38. Which of the following is NOT a design feature of human language?
A. Arbitrariness.
B. Displacement.
C. Duality.
D. Diachronicity.
39. What type of sentence is “Mark likes fiction, but Tim is interested in poetry.”?
A. A simple sentence.
B. A coordinate sentence.
C. A complex sentence.
D. None of the above.
40. The phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form is called
A. hyponymy.
B. synonymy.
C. polysemy.
D. homonymy.
31 选C加拿大最大的城市是TORONTO
32 选D立法权是国会THE CONGRESS
33 选A 棒球
一切都始于棒球美国的体育文化脱胎于棒球,一直以来,棒球就一直是文人们的最爱。作为最古老的美式运动,棒球的形态一直保存完整,历史学家们视之为宝物
34 新西兰的最高长官是 B governor general 总督
35选B THE CANTERBURY TALES 是GEORFFERY CHAUCER 写的
36 选C THE AMERICAN 是谁写的Henrry James
37 选A 不是20世纪英国女作家那题选A 其他都是20世纪著名的女性作家
乔治.艾略特(George Eliot)原名玛丽·安·埃文斯Mary Ann Evans，1819年11月22日-1880年12月22日，英国小说家，与狄更斯和萨克雷齐名。其主要作品有《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》
The Mill on the Floss，《米德尔马契》等。
38 选D 历时性(diachronicity) 这个不是语言学的特性
39选B 并列句but连接的两个分句
40选D
专八2003-人文知识真题及答案精编版
2003年英语专八人文知识真题 31. is not a nationally observed holiday of America. [A] Christmas [B] Easter Sunday [C] Thanksgiving Day [D] Independence Day 32. The university of Dublin was not founded until . [A] the 19th century [B] the 18th century [C] the 17th century [D] the 16th century 33. The introduced old-age pensions in New Zealand in 1898. [A] Labor Party [B] Democratic Party [C] Liberal Party [D] Conservative Party 34. Irish culture experienced a golden age from to . [A] the eighth century, the eleventh century [B] the seventh century, the ninth century [C] the sixth century, the eighth century [D] the ?fth century, the seventh century 35. Which of the following writings is not the work by Charles Dickens? [A] A Tale of Two Cities [B] Hard Times [C] Oliver Twist [D] Sons and Lovers 36. is a dramatist who holds the central position in American drama the modernistic period. [A] Sinclair Lewis [B] Eugene O'Neill [C] Arthur Miller [D] Tennessee Williams 37. is often acclaimed literary spokesman of the Jazz Age. [A] Ernest Hemingway [B] F. Scott Fitzgerald [C] William Faulkner [D] Ezra Pound 38. is a relationship in which a word of a certain class determines the form of others in terms of certain categories. [A] Concord [B] Immediate constituent [C] Syntagmatic relations [D] Government 39. studies the sound systems in a certain language. [A] Phonetics [B] Phonology [C] Semantics [D] Pragmatics 40. A linguistic situation in which two standard languages are used either by an individual or by a group of speakers is called . [A] situational dialect [B] slang [C] linguistic taboo [D] bilingualism 2004年英语专八人文知识真题 31. The following are products imported by Australia from China EXCEPT . [A] food [B] textiles [C] steel products [D] electronics 32. Scots regard as the most important festival in a year. [A] Near Year's Day [B] Christmas Day [C] New Year's Eve [D] Easter 33. The republican movement has been gathering momentum in Australia since became Prime Minister in 1992. [A] John Howard [B] Bob Hawke [C] Malcolm Fraser [D] Paul Keating 34. was known for his famous speech "I have a dream". [A] John F. Kennedy [B] Martin Luther King, Jr [C] Abraham Lincoln [D] Thomas Jefferson 35. Of all the 18th century novelists, ______ was the first to set out, both in theory and practice, to write specifically a "comic epic in prose", and the first to give the modern novel its structure and style. [A] Daniel Defoe [B] Samuel Johnson [C] Oliver Goldsmith [D] Henry Feilding 36. Mark Twain, one of the greatest 19th century American writers, is well known for his .
历年专业八级考试真题：翻译
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自考英语翻译历年真题第二大题汇总及答案
2011 7月 II.Words and phrases translation（20 points，1 point for each） A.Directions: Put the following words and phrases into Chinese. 16.a slender man一个身材瘦长的人17.country-wide trade全国贸易18.the Ethiopian highlands埃塞俄比亚高原19.economic policy经济政策20.great-grandmother(外)曾祖母21.open sea公海 22.part-time river季节性河流23.mineral oil矿物油 24.environmental law环境法25.welcoming banquet欢迎宴会 B.Directions: Put the following words and phrases into English. 26.逃学Play truant 27.军阀政府The warlord government 28.九龙壁The nine dragon wall 29.基本方针Basic principle 30.游记Travel notes 31.祥林嫂Xiang Lin's wife 32.排队to stand in a queue to line up 33.大陆架Continental shelf 34.董事会Board of directors 35.深刻影响 Profound impact 2011 4月 II. Word and Phrase Translation (20 points, 1 point each) 16. appreciation dinner 答谢宴会17. birth defect先天性生理缺陷 18. applied entomology应用昆虫学 19. member state会员国、成员国 20. maternity hospital 妇产医院21. over-the-counter medicine非处方药 22. green belt 防护林、绿化带23. inland waters内陆水域 24. room temperature 室温、常温25. debt chain三角债、债务链 B. Directions: Translate the following words and phrases into English. (Please write the answer on your Answer Sheet.)
专八人文知识(练习题)
专八人文知识(练习题) 篇一：★英语专八人文知识题与答案 英语专业八级人文知识 试题(1) 美国概况练习题： 1. The traditional dividing line in America between “east” and “west” is_____. 2. The earliest part in America to be found and taken over by early settlers is ____. 3. The largest racial group in the whole population of U.S.A is____. 4. Before 2000, the largest minority group in the United States is____. has the world’s oldest written constitution and political party. 6. The economic problem caused by the depression in 1929 was eventually solved by____. years. institutions. 9. The three main levels of courts of the federal judicial system in America are____________. 10. _____ (which state ) is not governed by the common law. 练习题答案及题解:
2005年-2016年考研英语一翻译真题汇总
05 It is not easy to talk about the role of the mass media in this overwhelmingly significant phase in European history. History and news become confused, and one's impressions tend to be a mixture of skepticism and optimism. (46)Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed-and perhaps never before has it served to much to connect different peoples and nations as is the recent events in Europe .The Europe that is now forming cannot be anything other than its peoples, their cultures and national identities. With this in mind we can begin to analyze the European television scene. (47) In Europe, as elsewhere multi-media groups have been increasingly successful groups which bring together television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another. One Italian example would be the Berlusconi group while abroad Maxwell and Murdoch come to mind. Clearly, only the biggest and most flexible television companies are going to be able to compete complete in such a rich and hotly-contested market. (48) This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks no less than 50% took a loss in 1989. Moreover, the integration of the European community will oblige television companies to cooperate more closely in terms of both production and distribution. (49) Creating a "European identity" that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice - that of producing programs in Europe for Europe. This entails reducing our dependence on the North American market, whose programs relate to experiences and cultural traditions which are different from our own. In order to achieve these objectives, we must concentrate more on co-productions, the exchange of news, documentary services and training. This also involves the agreements between European countries for the creation of a European bank will handle the finances necessary for production costs. (50) In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say "Unity we stand, divided we fall" -and if I had to choose a slogan it would be "Unity in our diversity." A unity of objectives that nonetheless respect the varied peculiarities of each country.
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