高中定语从句详细讲解

高中定语从句详细讲解

（一）定义及相关术语

1 ?定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。

2 ?先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。

3 ?关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。

关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等；关系

畐y词有when, where, why 等。

关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中

担当一个成分。例如：

The man who is shak ing hands with my father is a policema n. 该句中，who is shak ing hands with my father是定语从句，修饰先行词the man , “ who ”是引导定语从句的关系词，代

替先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。

（二）关系代词引导的定语从句

1 ? who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。

The boys who are playi ng football are from Class On e. 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。

Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morni ng. 想去博物馆的人必须在明晨7点到大门口集合。

Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way. 昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。

That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 那就是教我们物理的老师。

2 ? whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。

Mr Liu is the person （ whom ） you talked about on the bus. 刘先生就是你们在公共汽车

上谈论的那个人。

Li Mi ng is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see. 李明正是我想要见的男孩。

The professor ( whom ) you are wait ing for has come. The girl ( whom ) the teacher ofte n praises is our mon itor. 的班长。

注意：关系代词whom在口语或非正式文体中常可用

你正在等的教授已经来了。

老师经常表扬的那个女孩是我们who来代替，也可省略。

The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend.

3 ? Which指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。

Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。

The factory which makes computers is far away from here. 制造计算机的那家公司离这儿很

远。

He likes to read books which are writte n by foreig n writers. 他喜欢外国作家写的书。

The house which is by the lake looks nice. 湖边的那幢房子看上去很漂亮。

This is the pen ( which ) he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天买的钢笔。

The film ( which ) they went to see last night was not interesting at all. 他们昨晚看的电影一点意思也没有。

4 ? That指人时，相当于who或whom ;指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或

宾语，作宾语时常可省略。

The nu mber of people that / who come to visit this city each year reaches one milli on. 每年来参观这座城市的人数达一百万。

Where is the man that / whom I saw this morni ng? 我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿?

The person that /whom you in troduced to me is very kind. 你介绍给我的那个人很友好。

The seas on that / which comes after spri ng is summer. 春天以后的季节是夏季。

Yesterday I received a letter that / which came from Australia. 昨天我收至到了一圭寸来自澳大禾U 亚的信。

5. Whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。

I visited a scie ntist whose n ame is known all over the country. 我拜访了一个全国知名的科学

家。

He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 他有一个爸爸当医生的朋友。

I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in. 我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子

里。

注意：指物时，常用下列结构来代替：

The classroom whose door is broke n will soon be repaired.

The classroom the door of which is broke n will soon be repaired.

Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?

Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow?

（三）“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。

The school （which / that） he once studied in is very famous.

The school in which he once studied is very famous. 他曾经就读过的学校很出名。

Tomorrow I ' ll bring here the magazine （which / that） you asked for.

Tomorrow I ' ll bring here the magazine for which you asked.明天我将把你要的杂志带来。

This is the boy （whom / who / that） I played tennis with yesterday.

This is the boy with whom I played tennis with yesterday. 这是我昨天跟他打台球的男孩。We' ll go to hear the famous sin ger （whom / who / that） we have ofte n talked about.

We' II go to hear the famous sin ger about whom we have ofte n talked. 我们将去听那位我们经常谈论的著名歌唱家演唱。

The manager whose company I work in pays much attention to improving our working con diti ons. The manager in whose company I work pays much attention to improving our working con diti ons.

我工作的那家公司的经理十分注意改善我们的工作条件。

注意：1.含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。女如: look for, look

after, take care of 等。

This is the watch （which / that） I am looki ng for. （正）这是我正在找的手表。

This is the watch for which I am look ing . （误）

The babies （whom / who / that） the nurse is look ing after are very healthy. （正）那个保姆

照看的小宝宝们都很健康。

The babies after whom the nurse is look ing are very healthy. （误）

2 .若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，不可用who, that ;关系代词指

物时只可用which，不可用that。关系代词是所有格时用whose。

The man with whom you talked just now is my n eighbour. （正）你刚才跟他谈话的那个人

是我的邻居。

The man with that / who you talked just now is my n eighbour.

The pla ne in which we flew to Ca nada was really comfortable.

（正）我们去加拿大所乘坐的 飞机实在很舒服。

The pla ne in that we flew to Can ada was really comfortable.

（误）

3.

"介词 + 关系代词”前还可有 some, any, none, all, both, n either,

many, most, each, few 等

代词或者数词。如：

He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.

他深深地爱着他的父母，他

们俩待他都很好。

In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad. 果，有

些已经坏了。

There are forty stude nts in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities. 有4

0个学生，大多数来自大城市。

Up to now, he has written ten stories, three of which are about country life. 写了

10部小说，其中3部是关于农村生活的。

（四）关系副词引导的定语从句

1. whe n 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。

I still remember the day whe n I first came to this school.

我仍然记得我第一次来

到这所学校的那一天。

The time whe n we got together fin ally arrived.

我们团聚的时刻终于到了。

October 1, 1949 was the day when the People ' s Republic of China was founded. 1949年10

月1日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。

Do you remember the years when he lived in the countryside with his grandparents. 你还记得在

农村和你祖父母一起生活的那些年吗？

2. where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。

Shan ghai is the city where I was born. 上海是我出生的城市。 The house where I lived ten years ago has bee n pulled dow n.

我十年前住的房子已经被拆掉

了。

I visited the farm where a lot of cows were raised .

我参观了那个饲养了许多奶牛的农场。

Is this the place where they fought the en emy? 这是他们当初打敌人的地方吗？ 3.

why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。

Please tell me the reason why you missed the pla ne. 请告诉我你误机的原因。 The reason why he was puni shed is unknown to us. 他受惩罚的原因我们都不知道。 I don ' t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.

我不知道他今天为什么看上去不愉快。

注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用

“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。

如：

From the years when / in which he was going to primary school in the country he had known what he wan ted to be whe n he grew up.

自从他在农村读小学时，

他就已经知道

长大后要做什么。

Great cha nges are tak ing place in the city where / in which they live.

他们生活的

城市正发生巨大的变化。

The reason why / for which he refused the in vitati on is quite clear.

他为什么拒绝

篮子里有好些苹

我们班总共

迄今为止，他

接受邀请的原因是十分明了的。

（五）限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

限制性定语从句

形式上：不用逗号"，”与主句隔开。

意义上：是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。

译法上：译成先行词的定语：?的”

关系词的使用上：A.作宾语时可省略B.可用that C.可用who代替whom

非限制性定语从句

形式上：用逗号“，”与主句隔开。

意义上：只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。

译法上：通常译成主句的并列句。

关系词的使用上：A.不可省略B.不用that C.不可用who代替whom

限制性定语从句举例：

The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depe nd on. 老师告诉我说汤姆

是我唯一的可以依靠的人。

Chi na is a cou ntry which has a long history. 中国是一个历史悠久的国家。

In the street I saw a man who was from Africa. 在街上我看至U—个来自非洲的人。

非限制性定语从句举例：

His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him. 他妈妈十分地爱他，对他要求很严

格。

China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful. 中国是1949 年成立的，现在正变得越来越强大。

Last summer I visited the People ' s Great Hall, in which many important meetings are held every year.去年夏天，我参观了人民大会堂，在那儿每年都要举行许多重要会议。

（一）限制性定语从句中只能用that引导定语从句的情况

1 .当先行词是everything, anything, nothing （something 除夕卜），all, none, few, little, some 等不

定代词时，或当先行词受every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等代词修饰时。如：

Have you taken dow n everythi ng that Mr. Li said? 李老师讲的你都记下来了吗？

There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world. 对他来说似乎世界上没有什

么不可能的事。

All that ca n be do ne has bee n don e. 所有能做的都做好了。

There is little that I can do for you. 我不能为你干什么。

He stayed in the library and looked up any in formati on that they n eeded. 他呆在图书馆查找所

需的资料。

注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who，如：

Any man that / who has a sense of duty won ' t do such a thing. 任何有责任感的人都不会做这样的事。All the guests that / who were in vited to her wedd ing were importa nt people. 所有应邀来参力口

她婚礼的客人都是重要人物。

2 .当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：

The first place that they visited in London was the Big Be n. 在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是

大本钟。

3 ?当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如：

This is the best film that I have ever see n. 这是我看过的最好的电影。 4 .当先行词被the very, the only 修饰时。如：

This is the very dictio nary that I want to buy. 这正是我要买的词典。 After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owns.

家里发生了火灾过后，那

辆旧车成了他的唯一拥有。

注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词

who 。如：

Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will atte nd the meet ing.

王华是我校唯一出席

会议的人。

5 .当先行词前面有 who, which 等疑问代词时。如：

Who is the man that is sta ndi ng by the gate? 站在门口的那个人是谁？ Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 哪件 T 恤衫最合我的身？ 6 .当先行词为人与动物或人与物时。如：

They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school

他们谈论着他们所

能记起的在校时的人和事。

Look at the man and his don key that are walki ng up the street.

瞧瞧那个沿街走来的人和他的

毛驴。

（二）关系代词 as 和which 引导的定语从句

as 和which 引导非限制性定语从句时， 其用法有相同之处，也有不同之处。具体情况是:

1.

as 和which 都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。如：

He married her, as / which was n atural. 他跟她结婚了，这是很自然的事。

He is from the south, as we can know from his acce nt. 他是南方人，这一点我们从他的口音可

以知道。

Joh n, as you kno w, is a famous writer. 正如你所知，

约翰是个著名作家。

Zhang Hua has been to Paris more than ten times, which I don ' t believe.

张华已去过巴黎十多

次了，这一点我不相信。

注意：当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词往往只用

which 。如：

Tom was late for school aga in and aga in, which made his teacher very angry. 汤姆老是迟至 U, 这

使得老师很恼火。

These tables are made of metal, which made them very heavy. 这些桌子是金属的，这使得这 些桌子很

重。

1.

当先行词受such, the same 修饰时，关系词常用

a& 女口：

I ' ve never heard such stories as he tells. 我从未听过象他讲的这样的故事。 He is not such a fool as he looks.他可不象他看上去的那样傻。

This is the same dictio nary as I lost last week. 这部词典跟我上星期丢失的一样。

注意：当先行词受the same 修饰时，偶尔也用 that 引导定语从句，但与 as 引导的定语从

句意思有区别。如：

She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary ' s wedding. 她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿过的同 一条连衣

He is hon est, as / which we can see. 他很诚实， 2. as 引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、 引导

的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。另外，

As is known to all, China is a develop ing coun try.

这一点我们看得出来。 主句之后，甚至还可以分割主句。

which

as 常常有“正如、正像”的含义。如：

众所周知，中国是发展中国家。