雅思阅读基础班教案step1'‘
雅思阅读基础班教案step1
教学目标：
1.了解雅思阅读；
2.了解雅思阅读真经总纲；
3.找到顺序感，学会定位词，并掌握正确的阅读方法。
教学步骤：
1.大致了解雅思阅读；
2.快速看总纲；
3.学习两种常见的出题顺序及其阅读方法；
4.学习如何快速在原文中定位题目信息；
5.总结并强调真经阅读法。
教学过程：
I.关于雅思阅读
1.雅思阅读的特点
雅思阅读考试与其他考试相比特点突出：阅读量大（2700单词左右），时间短（60分钟），但是文章中有的自然段不出题（无效信息不用读）。雅思阅读有两种：General Training和Academic Training, 试卷不同。
A类与G类内容相同之处在于A类除生活化范畴之外，加入考生在学业上、学术上的探讨与了解，而G类较着重于社会上的、语言的、工作训练等的主题。
Academic training类与General training类的考题都以"三大段"的文章为基本结构,大约1500-3000字之间,内容多样,甚至有时以图表、表格的方式出现,学生答题的方式亦有多种答题形式,每篇文章后约有13道题目，共约38-42题。
注意：阅读部分的主题并不是为了考察学生对学术的专业度或认知度，所以学生千万别因对主题的陌生而紧张起来。
雅思官方网站称雅思阅读是“Reading with Purpose” ,就是“有目的的阅读”。这个purpose其实就是解题，就是带着题目中的定位词阅读。所以雅思阅读就是“以解题为目的的阅读”，一定要先读题。从这个意义上讲，“雅思阅读就是不读文章，直接做题”。
2. 雅思阅读题型介绍
雅思阅读题型汇总
1 Matching题型从属关系搭配或对应
2 Summary题型摘要填空
3 Short answer questions题型简答题
4 True/False/Not Given题型是非题
5 Headings题型找小标题
6 Multiple choice题型选择题
7 Sentence completion题型完成句子
8 Diagram/flowchart/table completion题型填表填图
9 其他题型直接填空、多选多+排序、
全文主旨
一个小建议：每天应保证阅读量
实力的恢复，决非一两个星期能见效。因此，每天应保证至少半个小时的阅读量。通过阅读，恢复语感。阅读过程中，注意力不应放在生词上，而应放在获取信息上。读不懂的地方，先跳过去，保持一定的阅读速度，读词群，而不是读单个的词，否则会影响你的理解力。材料内容越广泛越好，只要是英文材料，无论是报刊杂志，小说，还是说明书，都可以拿来读。这样可以为强化阶段的挑信息式的速读打好基础。
II.雅思阅读真经总纲（by Liu Hongbo）
阅读先看题，定位快寻觅，
两种题后做，优先细节题，
同义替换多，单词有灵犀。
填词有规律，前后找痕迹，
并列需细查，生词不用疑，
难度为中等，变换四种体。
填表填图题，一见笑眯眯，
顺藤能摸瓜，按图可索骥，
答案常集中，原是送分题。
段落选标题，连锁不简单，
段中找两点，中心藏后边。
判断实不难，真假未提及，
末段少驳斥，首题少NG。
我有七种意，天下剑桥题。
多选找并列，单选是TRUE题，
如遇选标题，末段加大意。
匹配乱序多，定位找同义，
段落含信息，小心有NB。
莫夸境界高，无招胜有招，
三剑已合璧，笑看雅思迷。
III.阅读先看题——找到顺序感
真题的顺序
一篇雅思阅读文章后附有2～4种题型，大多数情况下共13道题目，这样3篇文章就组成了40道题。这是从试卷表面能够清晰看到的。
正序
正序设计如同按年代时间顺序摄制而成的纪录片，十分易于跟随理解。
真题事例A（正序）
《剑桥雅思8》第41页Test2 Reading Passage1
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.
Sheet glass manufacture: the float process
Glass, which has been made since the time of the Mesopotamians and Egyptians, is little more than a mixture of sand, soda ash and lime. When heated to about 1500 degrees Celsius (℃)this becomes a molten mass that hardens when slowly cooled. The first successful method for making clear, flat glass involved spinning. This method was very effective as the glass had not touched any surfaces between being soft and becoming hard, so it stayed perfectly unblemished, with a 'fire finish'. However, the process took a long time and was labour intensive.
Nevertheless, demand for flat glass was very high and glassmakers across the world were looking for a method of making it continuously. The first continuous ribbon process involved squeezing molten glass through two hot rollers, similar to an old mangle. This allowed glass of virtually any thickness to be made non-stop, but the rollers would leave both sides of the glass marked, and these would then need to be ground and polished. This part of the process rubbed away around 20 per cent of the glass, and the machines were very expensive.
The float process for making flat glass was invented by Alistair Pilkington. This process allows the manufacture of clear, tinted and coated glass for buildings, and clear and tinted glass for vehicles. Pilkington had been experimenting with improving the melting process, and in 1952 he had the idea of using a bed of molten metal to form the flat glass, eliminating altogether the need for rollers within the float bath. The metal had to melt at a temperature less than the hardening point of glass (about 600~C), but could not boil at a temperature below the temperature of the molten glass (about 1500~C). The best metal for the job was tin.
The rest of the concept relied on gravity, which guaranteed that the surface of the molten metal was perfectly flat and horizontal. Consequently, when pouring molten glass onto the molten tin, the underside of the glass would also be perfectly flat. If the glass were kept hot enough, it would flow over the molten tin until the top surface was also flat, horizontal and perfectly parallel to the bottom surface. Once the glass cooled to 604~C or less it was too hard to mark and could be transported out of the cooling zone by rollers. The glass settled to a thickness of six millimetres because of surface tension interactions between the glass and the tin. By fortunate coincidence, 60 per cent of the flat glass market at that time was for six millimetre glass.
Pilkington built a pilot plant in 1953 and by 1955 he had convinced his company to build a full-scale plant. However, it took 14 months of non-stop production, costing the company ￡100, 000 a month, before the plant produced any usable glass. Furthermore, once they succeeded in making marketable flat glass, the machine was turned off for a service to prepare it for years of continuous production. When it started up again it took another four months to get the process right again. They finally succeeded in 1959 and there are now float plants all over the world, with each able to produce around 1000 tons of glass every day, non-stop for around 15 years.
Float plants today make glass of near optical quality. Several processes - melting, refining, homogenising - take place simultaneously in the 2000 tonnes of molten glass in the furnace. They occur in separate zones in a complex glass flow driven by high temperatures. It adds up to a continuous melting process, lasting as long as 50 hours, that delivers glass smoothly and continuously to the float bath, and from there to a coating zone and finally a heat treatment zone, where stresses formed during cooling are relieved.
The principle of float glass is unchanged since the 1950s. However, the product has changed dramatically, from a single thickness of 6. 8 mm to a range from sub-millimetre to 25 mm, from a ribbon frequently marred by inclusions and bubbles to almost optical perfection. To ensure the highest quality, inspection takes place at every stage. Occasionally, a bubble is not removed during refining, a sand grain refuses to melt, a tremor in the tin puts ripples into the glass ribbon. Automated on-line inspection does two things. Firstly, it reveals process faults upstream that can be corrected. Inspection technology allows more than 100 million measurements a second to be made across the ribbon, locating flaws the
unaided eye would be unable to see. Secondly, it enables computers downstream to steer cutters around flaws.
Float glass is sold by the square metre, and at the final stage computers translate customer requirements into patterns of cuts designed to minimise waste.
Questions 1-8
Complete the table and diagram below.
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 1-8 on your answer sheet.
Early methods of producing flat glass
Pilkington's float process
Questions 9-13
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?
In boxes 9-13 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
9 The metal used in the float process had to have specific properties.
10 Pilkington invested some of his own money in his float plant.
11 Pilkington's first full-scale plant was an instant commercial success.
12 The process invented by Pilkington has now been improved.
13 Computers are better than humans at detecting faults in glass.
（填图），和TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN判断题。
我们看到了每种题型内部的顺序原则；同时也看到了两种题型之间宏观的顺序（第9题稍有例外）；我们还看到了文章中有的自然段不设题，比如上文末段在真实考试中是不用读的，因为没有考题涉及。
所以对这篇文章，正确的处理顺序是：
Step1:看文章标题；
Step2:看文章后题型组合；
Step3:看1～3题，发现题目中好理解记忆的定位词是slow, method; Step4:回到原文开始快速阅读，注意到首段最后出现took a long time, 意识到是slow 的同义表达，停止往下阅读，开始往前精读，理解相关信息，查找答案做题；
Step5:完成1～3题后，看4～5题，心中记住定位词Ribbon,回原文从第2段开始快速阅读。
……（循环重复此过程）阅读先看题，定位快寻觅
对于这种各题型按原文顺序安排的文章，考生只需要顺着题型和题号顺序，在原文中边读边做，那么一篇文章读完一遍，所有的题目也就做完了。这是这篇文章最快速的雅思阅读方法，也很简单。但遗憾的是，按这种顺序出题的文章较少。每本《剑桥雅思真题》中收录有4套以前的A类阅读考试真题，共12篇，其中只有不到一半是如此出题。真实考试中碰到的概率小于50%。
乱序
这种混搭或者说错乱剪辑法，是现代电影中最常见的模式。这样的好处是：
优点1：测试更为全面。因为可以在一个段落里用多角度、不同的测试点去考查，减少单题型的测试偏差。
优点2：不缺少推动力。因为各个题型循环推荐，可读性会更强，更有助于学生理解原文。凡是不出题的段落，我们称之为没有冲突的情节，这样的情节往往是舒缓的，不影响对全文的理解。
多数雅思阅读文章是按照各题型乱序组合来出题的。
真题示例A
《剑桥雅思8》第18页Test1 Reading Passage1
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.
Our conception of time depends on the way we measure it
A According to archaeological evidence, at least 5,000 years ago, and
long before the advent of the Roman Empire, the Babylonians began to measure time, introducing calendars to co-ordinate communal
activities, to plan the shipment of goods and, in particular, to
regulate planting and harvesting. They based their calendars on three natural cycles: the solar day, marked by the successive periods of light and darkness as the earth rotates on its axis; the lunar month, following the phases of the moon as it orbits the earth; and the solar year, defined by the changing seasons that accompany our planet's revolution around the sun.
B Before the invention of artificial light, the moon had greater social
impact. And, for those living near the equator in particular, its waxing and waning was more conspicuous than the passing of the seasons.
Hence, the calendars that were developed at the lower latitudes were influenced more by the lunar cycle than by the solar year. In more
northern climes, however, where seasonal agriculture was practised, the solar year became more crucial. As the Roman Empire expanded northward, it organised its activity chart for the most part around the solar year.
C Centuries before the Roman Empire, the Egyptians had formulated a
municipal calendar having 12 months of 30 days, with five days
added to approximate the solar year. Each period of ten days was
marked by the appearance of special groups of stars called decans. At
the rise of the star Sirius just before sunrise, which occurred around the
all-important annual flooding of the Nile, 12 decans could be seen
spanning the heavens. The cosmic significance the Egyptians placed in
the 12 decans led them to develop a system in which each interval of
darkness (and later, each interval of daylight) was divided into a dozen
equal parts. These periods became known as temporal hours because
their duration varied according to the changing length of days and
nights with the passing of the seasons. Summer hours were long,
winter ones short; only at the spring and autumn equinoxes
were the hours of daylight and darkness equal. Temporal hours, which were first adopted by the Greeks and then the Romans, who disseminated them
through Europe, remained in use for more than 2,500 years.
D In order to track temporal hours during the day, inventors created sundials,
which indicate time by the length or direction of the sun's shadow. The sundial's counterpart, the water clock, was designed to measure temporal hours at night.
One of the first water clocks was a basin with a small hole near the bottom
through which the water dripped out. The falling water level denoted the passing hour as it dipped below hour lines inscribed on the inner surface. Although these devices performed satisfactorily around the Mediterranean, they could not
always be depended on in the cloudy and often freezing weather of northern Europe.
E The advent of the mechanical clock meant that although it could be adjusted to
maintain temporal hours, it was naturally suited to keeping equal ones. With these, however, arose the question of when to begin counting, and so, in the
early 14th century, a number of systems evolved. The schemes that divided the day into 24 equal parts varied according to the start of the count: Italian hours began at sunset, Babylonian hours at sunrise, astronomical hours at midday and 'great clock' hours, used for some large public clocks in Germany, at midnight.
Eventually these were superseded by 'small clock', or French, hours, which split the day into two 12-hour periods commencing at midnight.
F The earliest recorded weight-driven mechanical clock was built in 1283 in
Bedfordshire in England. The revolutionary aspect of this new timekeeper was neither the descending weight that provided its motive force nor the gear wheels (which had been around for at least 1,300 years) that transferred the power; it was the part called the escapement. In the early 1400s came the invention of the coiled spring or fusee which maintained constant force to the gear wheels of the timekeeper despite the changing tension of its mainspring. By the 16th century,
a pendulum clock had been devised, but the pendulum swung in a large arc and
thus was not very efficient.
G To address this, a variation on the original escapement was invented in 1670,
in England. It was called the anchor escapement, which was a lever-based
device shaped like a ship's anchor. The motion of a pendulum rocks this device so that it catches and then releases each tooth of the escape wheel, in turn
pendulum clocks, the anchor escapement permitted the pendulum to travel in a
very small arc. Moreover, this invention allowed the use of a long pendulum which could beat once a second and thus led to the development of
floor-standing case design, which became known as the grandfather clock.
H Today, highly accurate timekeeping instruments set the beat for most electronic devices. Nearly all computers contain a quartz-crystal clock to regulate their operation. Moreover, not only do time signals beamed down from Global Positioning System satellites calibrate the functions of precision navigation equipment, they do so as well for mobile phones, instant stock-trading systems and nationwide power-distribution grids. So integral have these time-based technologies become to day-to-day existence that our dependency on them is recognised only when they fail to work.
Reading Passage 1 has eight paragraphs, A-H.
Which paragraph contains the following information?
Write the correct letter, A-H, in boxes 1-4 on your answer sheet
1 a description of an early timekeeping invention affected by cold temperatures
2 an explanation of the importance of geography in the development of the
calendar in farming communities
3 a description of the origins of the pendulum clock
4 details of the simultaneous efforts of different societies to calculate time using
uniform hours
Questions 5-8
Look at the following events (Questions 5-8) and the list of nationalities below.
Match each event with the correct nationality, A-F.
Write the correct letter, A-F, in boxes 5-8 on your answer sheet.
5 They devised a civil calendar in which the months were equal in length.
6 They divided the day into two equal halves.
7 They developed a new cabinet shape for a type of timekeeper.
8 They created a calendar to organise public events and work schedules.
List of Nationalities
A.Babylonians
B.Egyptians
C.Greeks
D.English
E.Germans
F.French
Questions 9-13 Label the diagram below.
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 9-13 on your answer sheet.
H ow th e 1670 l e ver-b as e d d e vi c e
escapement (resembling
small arc
这篇文章考查三种题型：Paragraph Matching(段落信息匹配题)、Relation Matching(关系匹配题)和Diagram(填图题)。
我们看到前两种匹配题型内部乱序；同时也看到了各题型之间宏观乱序混合；还看到了第三种填图题答案集中于G段；答案常集中，原是送分题最后我们仍然看到了文章中有的自然段不设题，比如上文H段。
处理这篇文章，如果考生按题号顺序先做第1题，就会先从A段读到D段；再做第2题时，又会读B段。将来做第8题时，还会重读A段。这是效率不
高的阅读方法。如果考生按题型顺序做题，先做完第一种段落信息匹配题时，整篇文章会读一遍。当他再做第二种关系匹配题时，又需要回原文阅读。这是耗时的错误的阅读方法。
IV.定位快寻觅——正确选择定位词
什么是定位词呢？
定位词又称关键词、核心词、keywords。它们是题目中的单词，并能代表这
道题目的特点。通过它们能快速定位找到该题目的原文出处。阅读先看题，定位快寻觅
真经定位词
在整个雅思阅读真经的教学体系中，我们把题目中的keywords定义为以下三种：◆特殊词汇：题目中出现的数字、大写、特殊符号、长相怪异的词（吸引眼球）◆朴素词汇：简单、具体的词（好理解、容易记、同义词少）
要想每一次都能正确找到定位词，并快速找到原文出处，需要你首先理解上述法则，然后通过大量练习将之融会贯通，形成自己的做题习惯。这样能大大缩短整个雅思阅读考试时间。
V.手把手教你读
针对上篇各题型乱序组合的雅思阅读文章------A Chronicle of Timekeeping, 正确的阅读解题的整个流程细节如下，请耐心仔细阅读：
1.看标题，看题目
看完标题后该看题目，发现有三种题型：第一种段落信息匹配；第二种关系匹配；第三种填图题。
2.划定位词
因为前两种题型都是匹配题，题目乱序，所以我们要画出第1-8题题目中所有定位词（keywords）.
然后，注意5-8题中大写的不同国家的人大概有哪些，这些单词在原文中很好找，是做5-8题的线索。
最后，我们在扫一眼第三种题型填图题，看到题目中有个年代“1670”，心中明白在文中读到“1670”时，可以跳过来先做填图题。
3.做题
VI.真经阅读法
至此，我们已经学完正序和乱序两种考试形式的不同阅读方法。那么是什么造成每篇雅思阅读文章阅读方法的差异？
答案：题型
特别是段落中心体（Headings）和段落信息匹配题（Paragraph Matching）这两种题型在作怪。因为这两种题型都是针对全文出题，所以经常作为第一种题型出现，但这并不意味着让考生一定先完成这种题型，再去处理下面的题型。相反，我们应该先处理每个自然段中的其他细节题目，比如summary, T/F/NG 等，通过这些题目的解题对该自然段有了一个深入理解后，在顺带选出该段的中心思想或包含的信息匹配。所以，虽然段落中心题和段落信息匹配题出在前面，但考生应该在读完一个自然段、处理完该段其他细节题之后，最后完成上述两种题型。还应注意：一篇文章极少同时出现这两种题型。两种题后做，优先细节题
其次，如果一篇文章后的TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN题目较多（5题以上），
也是对全文出题，会和其他题型在原文的出题点顺序混合。
最后，各种匹配题内部是乱序出题。
由于上面提到的这几种题型的出现，造成了雅思阅读文章的行文顺序和后面的1-13题的题号顺序无关且混乱。
基于以上分析，我们提炼融合出真经阅读法，以应对所有雅思阅读，不论正
判断你的雅思阅读方法是否正确的唯一标准是：你是否文章一遍读完，所有题目做完。（当然允许几道难题没有做出来）
雅思阅读段落标题解题技巧
雅思阅读段落标题解题技巧 段落标题题，又称List of Headings，是雅思阅读部分的常考题之一。此类题型主要考查考生段落的概括能力以及对全文整体的把握能力，这两样技能，除了考生要有良好的英文阅读功底之外，还需要培养阅读中的逻辑思维。因此它是雅思阅读考试难度颇大的一类题型。 段落标题题的常规思路是在段落中寻找主旨句然后与标题配对，主旨句一般为首尾句，含观点的宾语从句，带标志词比如表转折的句子等等。这些方法，坊间已讨论颇多，故不再此赘述。这里主要针对当前此类题型出现的一些新情况进行一下分析。从最新的出题形式来看，常规的解题思路似乎已不能应付，所以在这里有必要提出一些新的方法以飨读者。 趋势之一：总体把握 此类情况是按图索骥找到了段落中的主旨句却发现无济于事，因为选项没有包含主旨句信息的标题。然后考生转而去寻找段落的话题词（即重复的具体名词），结果仍一无所获，陷入绝望。其实答案所选标题里的任何单词都没有在段落中出现过，仅仅依靠定位自然是白费工夫。作为答案的标题非常隐蔽，是原文段落的高度概括，确实不太好找，但出题者在这里其实是考查考生对作者写作思路的把握，标题超越了段落的具体内容。在阅读时，考生不仅要知道这段讲了什么，更要清楚这一段在全文所起什么作用。换言之，读文章时，脑子里一
定要有一条贯穿始终的逻辑主线。而不能像以往那样见木不见林，单句阅读代替整体阅读的做法再也行不通了。 解题策略 虽然段落标题题可以采用边做题边看文章的做法，但我认为鉴于目前出现的新情况，推荐先浏览一遍文章，然后开始做题的方式。浏览的时间必须控制在五分钟内，浏览的目的主要有这样两个：1. 记录各段主题；2. 把握文章结构（如时间顺序，cause-effect-solution 顺序，论证式等等）。读完一遍之后，再回去做题，仿佛高屋建瓴，感觉就完全不同了。做题时可先用常规的方法。如能找到主旨句，万不可生搬硬套，与选项牵强附会。一般说来，只有主旨句与选项存在替换改写关系，才能证明是正确答案。若无法替换或找不到主旨句时，可先搁臵不做，待其余段落基本选定之后，再对未选标题进行比较排除，最后搞定。这是一整套的做题步骤，下面以实例辅之。 请看剑5 P66。此题中B，D，F三段较为难选。但分析文章后我们发现，这篇文章是描述一种现象的说明文。此类题材的文章，通常先会针对现象进行一番介绍，然后分析其产生的原因，引发的后果以及解决措施等。由此可见，F段最为明显，因为此段为全文的末段，通常讲解决方法或展望未来，并根据第一句According to Siegel, international environmental organizations are beginning to pay closer attention to the region…可知这段不是探讨消失的三角洲本身，而是在讲人们的行动，所以很明显选viii，因为所有选项里只有这个和人为的东西有关。然后看D段，也找不到主旨句，
雅思阅读长难句
英语的基本句式结构其实很简单：主谓宾和主系表。主谓宾是“谁-做-什么”，例如：比如“羊吃草”;“洁白可爱的小绵羊蹦蹦跳跳欢快活泼地在一望无垠的广阔草原上幸福愉快地吃着鲜嫩碧绿的青草”一样也是主谓宾，只不过多了一些修饰的词，句子的核心意思还是“羊吃草”。主系表是“谁-是-什么”，同主谓宾一样。在阅读中我们要很快的找出核心句子，不用每句话的意思都懂，但要知道这句话要表达的核心意思，即找到主谓宾或主系表的主体。 并列平行结构 在一个较长的句子中，并列平行的部分可能是几个独立的句子，也可能是几个并列的短语成分或者从句。如果并列平行的部分是几个独立的句子，也叫“并列句“。所以说，“并列平行结构”是一个更广泛的概念。本篇主要讲解并列平行的部分是几个并列的短语成分或者从句的这种情况。 中文：进一步展望未来，通过这个新时代所产生的巨大财富和新技术的结合.人类可望在太空建立一个浩大的可供千万人居住的世界。 英文：Further ahead, by a combination of the great wealth this new age will bring and the technology it will provide, the construction of a vast, man-created world in space, home to thousands or millions of people, will be within our power. 结构分析：Combination of中的of有两个宾语:一是the great wealth，受定语从句this new age will bring的修饰，另一个是the technology,受定语从句it will provide的修饰:主句中的home to thousands or millions of people为world的同位语。
雅思阅读基础班教案step3'
雅思阅读基础班教案step3 教学目标： 1.了解判断题的注意事项； 2.熟悉判断题的出题原理并熟练典型题目； 3.了解段落题的注意事项； 4.掌握解题方法并熟练典型题目。 教学步骤： 1.了解判断题的注意事项：这里讲的是一些普遍规律。 2.熟悉出题原理：中国学生最熟悉的判断题的形式是“正/误”判断，而雅思中 加入了“未提及”，这让很多同学会产生混淆，所以需要仔细研读出题原理和判断准则。 3.熟练典型题目：判断题往往跟原文的细节和题目的提问方式紧密相连。考生 需要认真学习典型题目，确保在实际考试中发挥作用。 4.了解段落题的注意事项：很多经验之谈不可忽视。 5.掌握解题方法：学练结合。 6.熟练典型题目：从理解到实战是有距离的，所以要认真领悟，通过例题去印 证。 教学过程： I.是非判断题命题规律与解题要诀 雅思考试中的判断题有两种书写形式： TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN和YES/NO/NOT GIVEN 对考生而言，这两种书写形式其实是一种题目，在做题方法上没有任何区别。 概率：真实考试40个题目中平均12个题，多分布于两篇文章中。 难度：★★★★☆ 该题型主要考查句子理解，出题概率最高，是剑桥雅思特色题型。中国大学英语四级考试阅读中已经引进了该题型，考生易混淆FALSE(NO) 和NOT GIVEN。判断实不难，真假未提及 答案概率 有学生问：“我基础差，上了考场时间不够，题也读不懂，全靠蒙。有人说句子长的蒙TRUE;句子短的蒙FALSE;不长不短NOT GIVEN。对吗？”不会吧，我数数。 有学生说：“实在没戏，全写TRUE, 全TRUE法。”有点道理，但太极端，全TRUE法上不了5分的，没有实际意义。 让我们一起来看看《剑桥雅思》真题系列的答案统计表，找出答案概率的规律。
雅思阅读段落信息匹配题超细致实例讲解
雅思阅读段落信息匹配题超细致实 例讲解 欲攻克雅思阅读段落信息匹配题是一直困扰着广大Ieltser 的难题，它信息量大，干扰项多，给大家带来了雅思阅读段落信息匹配题超细致实例讲解，希望能够帮助到大家，下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。 雅思阅读段落信息匹配题超细致实例讲解没学会算我输 一、雅思阅读段落信息匹配题型特点 首先我们来一睹“段落信息匹配”的“芳容”，拿C5p22举例：Questions 14-19 Reading Passage 2 has nine paragraphs，A-I. Which paragraph contains the following information?【标志性问法】 Write the correct letter A-I in boxes 14-19 on your answer sheet. 14. a biological explanation of the teacher-subjects behaviour
15. the explanation Milgram gave the teacher-subjects for the experiment 16. the identity of the pupils 17. the expected statistical outcome 18. the general aim of sociobiological study 19. the way Milgram persuaded the teacher-subjects to continue 两大特点： 1. 考察全篇，绝对乱序(同段落小标题，都是“全篇乱序题”) 2. 题干为细节信息，本质是结合主旨考察细节(需要跳读主旨+扫读细节) 由此可见，题干中并未出现明显定位词，且人名Milgram是实验执行者，遍布全篇，并非定位词，所以传统的关键词定位法在此无法奏效，相当于“大海捞针”。因此，我们需要采取一种“俯瞰群山”的方法，由总到分，先定段落主旨，再搜题干细节。在此提出“结构预测法”，即首先了解*整体发展顺序，预测题干关键词可能出现的位置，然后跳读主旨，扫读细节，化被动为主动。 二、雅思阅读段落信息匹配题*发展顺序
雅思基础阅读 (1)
Birthday traditions in different countries Birthdays are celebrated all over the world. Some traditions are fairly similar from country to country: candles, cakes and birthday wishes, birthday games and pinches for good luck. Other customs are quite different. Here are a few. Argentina–In Argentina, as in many Latin American countries, one of the most important birthday parties is a girl’s fifteenth. When girls turn 15, they have a huge party and dance the waltz first with their father, and then the boys at the party. China– The birthday child pays respect to the parents and receives a gift of money. Friends and relatives are invited to lunch, and noodles are served to wish the birthday child a long life. Denmark– A flag is flown outside a window to show that someone who lives in that house is having a birthday. Presents are placed around the child’s bed while they are sleeping so they will see them immediately when they wake up. The Netherlands– Special year birthdays such as 5, 10, 15, 20, 21 are called “crown” years and the birthday child receives an especially large gift. The family also decorates the birthday child’s chair with flowers or paper streamers, paper flowers and balloons. India – Usually Indian children wear white to school. However, on their birthday children wear coloured clothes to school and give out chocolates to everyone in the class. Their best friend helps them to do this. Japan– The birthday child wears new clothes to mark the occasion. Certain birthdays are more important than others and these are celebrated with a visit to the local shrine. These are the third and seventh birthdays for girls and the fifth for boys. Questions 1-5 Match the countries in the box with their descriptions. 1 A country where longevity is celebrated by a special dish ________ 2 A country where candies are distributed among peers ________ 3 A country where the birthday is made known to the community ________ 4 A country where the household is full of birthday ornaments ________ 5 A country where religious worship is sometimes involved ________
雅思阅读段落匹配题答题方法详解
【真题解读】雅思阅读段落匹配题答题方法详解 顾名思义，段落信息匹配是指题目中给出若干个句子，且均是原文某段中某些细节内容的改写，要求考生在题号前写出这些句子含义所在的段落编号，有时题目要求中会提示：NB you may use any letter more than once. 这便意味着至少有两道题目出自同一段落。本题型着重考察信息筛选与定位的能力。 解答此类题目试，首先要关注是否有“more than once”这样的提示，然后读一下每道题目的句子，大致判断其在文中的位置，各题目大致排序，然后到目标段落定位关键词，关键词指的是题目中句子的核心词或词组，当然，这些词和词组在原文必然会以同义词的形式出现，要注意甄别。 细节性的规律为，如果某道题描述的是背景、历史，比如带有明显的background\history 这种提示词，则重点去文章第一二段定位答案，此两段重点描述写作背景，如果题目描述中带有比较明显的预测、未来、推广等含义则重点去末尾两段定位，此两段主要是对整篇文章的总结和对未来的展望。 下面我们以剑桥真题6中第一套题的第一篇文章做个较为细致的讲解。 1) a reference to the exchange of expertise between different sports 分析：通过reference一词可以得知本句是关于某个内容的介绍，而介绍是背景段的主要作用，本题主要介绍的是不同体育项目，因此定位在1~2段。其中提到不同项目，主要找举例、不同、差异这类定位词，可以看到B段第三句AIS scientists work across a number of sports，applying skills learned in one对应题目1中的the exchange of expertise between different sports。 2) an explanation of how visual imaging is employed in investigations 分析：通过explanation一词可以看出本句属于原理解释，位于文章中间，解释的对象是视觉影响，也就是说要去文章中间几段定位影像、图片、照片等关键词。我们可以从文中C段明显看到3D这一表示相机和拍照的大写定位，顺而向下可以看到在倒数第二句It collects images from digital cameras running at 50 frames a second，这句话对应题目中的视觉影像一词。 3) a reason for narrowing the scope of research activity
雅思阅读教材完整版
阅读20课时课程框架 1- 2 英语基本概念+从句判断 3- 4 配对题----heading题 5- 6 配对题----which paragraph题+sentence ending题 7-8 配对题----detail matching题+classify题9-10 判断题1 11-12 判断题2 13-14 摘要题+填空题 15-16 选择题 17-18 简答题 19-20 平行阅读法
英语基本概念 (一)十大词性： 八大句子成分： (二)句子核心：句子主干 举例：长得乖巧的常被邻居夸奖但今天却被妈妈骂了的小明不开心地看似有点想不开的步履蹒跚地走过了这条五年前由他爸爸主持修建的桥。 主干： 句子能称为句子，一定是有动词的。 造句练习： 1.他造了一座桥。 2.他和我在一起。 1. 2. 五大基本句型 3. 4. 5.
区分下列句式： (1) Xiaoming finds food bitter. (2) Xiaoming finds food bitterly. (3) Xiaoming finds his little sister some bitter food. 造句并说明句型 1.汽车使交通变得方便。 2.我给你找了个房子。 3.人们认为猴子很奇怪。 (三)长难句：1.加入复杂修饰成分：形容词，介词短语等 2.加入复杂结构：插入语等 3.合并多个句子：并列句& 主从句 (四)从句概念：八大句子成分中，除谓语动词和补语外，当一个句子充当某成分 时，该从句就叫做某某从句。如一个句子做主语，则该从句叫主语从句。 1. ________从句+动词 2. 实义动词+________从句主干性从句 (五)六大从句判断标准 3. 系动词+________从句 4. 具体名词+________从句 5. 抽象名词+________从句修饰性从句 6. ______从句，去掉不影响句子完整度 (六)六大从句共同特点：1.有连词（可省略）且置于从句句首 2.连词在句中做成分，有意思（that除外）
雅思阅读基础班材料
第三章 一基础句型 （1）S+V Nobody went out. The children are playing. (2) S+V+O We love our country. Granny looks after the baby carefully. They put up a new hospital. He dreamed a horrible dream last night. (3) S+V+O+O He gave his sister the piano. He bought his wife a fur coat. The old man gave a story book to the boy. (4) S+V+O+C I found the book easy. They held him hostage. I heard him singing. (5) S+L+P Trees are green. The milk tastes sour. She became a lawyer. 感观动词：seem，appear，look，taste，smell ，sound ，feel 变化过程动词：become，get，grow，turn，go，come ，fall 保持状态动词：be，stay，remain，keep，continue，stand 二句子成分 主语谓语宾语定语状语补语表语同位语 Samuel Pepys , the famous writer of the test，was most sorry for the fact that many famous buildings were destroyed. 同位语从句 独立成分：与句子的其他成分没有语法上的联系 如：感叹语呼语插入语 Hi , Tracy, you look tired. What’s more, their parents allow them to stay out. As a result, it became a success in the US. 三动名词：含义 （1）做主语：According to the writer of the test, imaging the future will serve the interests of the present and future generations. It’s no use buying a lot of books without reading them. (2) 做表语：His job is teaching physics. Seeing is believing. (3) 做宾语：Our monitor suggested having a discussion of this subject. We are looking forward to visiting your country. (4)做定语：There is a swimming pool at the back of the garden 四分词：动词的另一种形式，是谓语动词
雅思段落配对题题型解析
雅思配对类题型：段落标题配对题解题技巧 段落标题配对题是雅思阅读考试中比较特别的题型，因为大部分的题型都是考查考生对细节的理解，而段落标题配对题考查的是考生对段落主旨的把握能力。而由于雅思的文章篇幅长，题目较多，而时间又非常紧张，因此这种题型对于考生来说无疑是一道难过的坎。在本文中，朗阁海外考试研究中心的雅思阅读专家将针对这种题型，从出题特点、阅读技巧角度来分析 它的解题方法。 一、出题特点 1. 永远位于文章之前 段落标题配对题是唯一的一个位于文章之前的题型，这意味着考官建议考生事先完成这种题型。因为对文章主旨的把握有助于考生更好地寻找文章中的细节。 2. 选项以短语形式出现，数量大于段落数，且为乱序 在List of headings中，选项都是以一个短语的形式出现的，考生需要从中选出最能够概括一个段落大意或者主要内容的短语。出于干扰的需要，选项中一定会有若干干扰选项，需要考生去鉴别。另外选项全部是打乱顺序的，即与文章的顺序不一致。 3. 个别题目中会有示例；选项不可能重复使用 个别文章中，题目中会有一个Example，会提示某一段的答案。由于选项不可能出现一个选项使用两次的情况，因此这个给出的答案即可以排除。 二、解题步骤 1. 浏览文章 朗阁海外考试研究中心的专家建议考生，如果文章有标题、副标题、图片、小标题，则必须在做题之前仔细进行阅读，因为这些内容往往暗示了文章的主题，这对于考生把握全文大意、排除干扰选项会有一定的帮助。 2. 划掉示例中的选项 由于选项不可能被重复使用，因此Example中的选项不可能再次出现，故没有必要浪费
时间去阅读这部分内容。所以直接在这个选项上划叉即可。另外，对于某些记忆力不好的考生来说，也可以把这个选项所对应的段落做上记号，以免误读从而浪费时间。 3. 阅读所有选项，标出关键词 由于选项是乱序，因此如果先读文章再去找选项，就有可能出现每读一个段落，就要通读一遍所有的选项这样的问题，最后发现把所有的选项读了数遍。因此，朗阁RAFLE专家建议考生在阅读文章之前就先把所有选项仔细阅读一遍，并且划出关键词以便记忆。 4. 甄别干扰选项 由于出题需要，考官会放出一些干扰选项，这里列举出两种常见的干扰选项： a. 与主题大相径庭 雅思阅读的选文十分严谨，都是围绕一个范围较小的主题展开，因此不太可能出现与出题出入非常大的段落大意。很多带标题的文章经常会存在此类干扰选项，因此，只要考生在做题前阅读标题，就不难甄别。如果考生发现干扰选项，应在选项上做一个标志，比如把选项圈起来。但是不要划叉，因为在没有阅读原文的情况下，并不能绝对肯定此类答案是错误的。 下面我们以剑桥雅思中的几个例子来看一下这类干扰选项： 例1出处：剑3 Test 1 Passage 1 文章标题：The rocket—from east to west 干扰选项1：The first use of steam 干扰选项2：Developments of fire 通过文章的标题我们不难发现，文章主要描述的对象是rocket（火箭），而这两个干扰选项中的主要内容是steam（蒸汽）和fire（火），这两个主题显然不可能在如此短的文章内出现，因此可以初步判断是干扰选项。 例2出处：剑3 Test 1 Passage 3 文章标题：The scientific method
1雅思基础阅读课件
Reading handout for lesson 1 Part 1 Part 1.1 :Vocabulary Chess Basketball Board games Sports Swimming Tennis Cards Dancing Weightlifting Skiing Yoga Shopping Exercise Having fun PartyingKarate Poker Puzzles Kick boxing Hiking Sharing Chatting Part 1.2: Practice3
Part 2：Reading 1.Read the following text and then look at the questions on the next page. The value of friendship Recent research into the world of teenagers has suggested that they value friendship above everything else. Children aged between 12 and 15 were asked what was important to them. Their answers included possessions such as money and computer gadgets but also relationships with people. The teenagers questioned said that friends were the most important to them, more even than family, or boyfriends and girlfriends. We wanted to find out more about the results of this research so we asked our readers what they thought about the value of friendship. Here are some examples of what they said about their friends: Ben, 15: Every time I have a fight with my parents, I need some time on my own. But after that, the first thing I do is meet up with my friends. After playing football for a while, or skateboarding, I usually feel much happier again. Rory, 13: When I moved to a village in the countryside, I thought that it would be the end of my friendships. But my old friends have kept in touch and they come and visit in the holidays. There's a lake nearby, so we often go sailing, water-skiing or windsurfing. And I have made some new friends here too, at school, and since I joined the rugby club. Carlos, 11: Last year, I broke my arm on a skiing holiday. Unfortunately, it was my left arm and I am lefthanded. My school friends all helped and copied their notes for me. It seems that our readers value their friendships very highly. From what they told us, they spend a lot of time with their friends, just hanging out, or sharing hobbies and interests. They seem to need their friends for advice, help, chats, and for having fun. Clearly, friends make each other feel better. Looking at what our readers told us, the results of the recent research are not really surprising. 2.Try to answer this question yourself first, before reading the explanation. Choose the best answer from the letters a-d. To teenagers, money is ... a)not important. b)as important as computer gadgets. c)as important as relationships with people. d)less important than friendships. 3.Look at the questions in Exercise 4, without reading the answer options. Underline the question words (e.g. where, when, what) and the key words in each of the questions (1-3) and sentence stems (4-5). 4.Now answer these multiple-choice questions. Choose the appropriate letter a, b, c or d. i.Why are Ben, Rory and Carlos mentioned in the article? A.They know why teenagers value friendship. B.They gave information about themselves. C.They read magazines, D.They are teenage boys.
雅思阅读配对类题型解题技巧--段落标题配对题
雅思阅读配对类题型解题技巧--段落标题配对题 段落标题配对题是雅思阅读考试中比较特别的题型，因为大部分的题型都是考查考生对细节的理解，而段落标题配对题考查的是考生对段落主旨的把握能力。而由于雅思的文章篇幅长，题目较多，而时间又非常紧张，因此这种题型对于考生来说无疑是一道难过的坎。在本文中，笔者将针对这种题型，从出题特点、阅读技巧角度来分析它的解题方法。 一、出题特点 1.永远位于文章之前 段落标题配对题是唯一的一个位于文章之前的题型，这意味着考官建议考生事先完成这种题型。因为对文章主旨的把握有助于考生更好地寻找文章中的细节。 2.选项以短语形式出现，数量大于段落数，且为乱序 在List of headings中，选项都是以一个短语的形式出现的，考生需要从中选出最能够概括一个段落大意或者主要内容的短语。出于干扰的需要，选项中一定会有若干干扰选项，需要考生去鉴别。另外选项全部是打乱顺序的，即与文章的顺序不一致。 3.个别题目中会有示例；选项不可能重复使用 个别文章中，题目中会有一个Example，会提示某一段的答案。由于选项不可能出现一个选项使用两次的情况，因此这个给出的答案即可以排除。 二、解题步骤 1.浏览文章 如果文章有标题、副标题、图片、小标题，则必须在做题之前仔细进行阅读，因为这些内容往往暗示了文章的主题，这对于考生把握全文大意、排除干扰选项会有一定的帮助。 2.划掉示例中的选项 由于选项不可能被重复使用，因此Example中的选项不可能再次出现，故没有必要浪费时间去阅读这部分内容。所以直接在这个选项上划叉即可。另外，
对于某些记忆力不好的考生来说，也可以把这个选项所对应的段落做上记号，以免误读从而浪费时间。 3.阅读所有选项，标出关键词 由于选项是乱序，因此如果先读文章再去找选项，就有可能出现每读一个段落，就要通读一遍所有的选项这样的问题，最后发现把所有的选项读了数遍。因此，建议考生在阅读文章之前就先把所有选项仔细阅读一遍，并且划出关键词以便记忆。 4.甄别干扰选项 由于出题需要，考官会放出一些干扰选项，这里列举出两种常见的干扰选项： a.与主题大相径庭 雅思阅读的选文十分严谨，都是围绕一个范围较小的主题展开，因此不太可能出现与出题出入非常大的段落大意。很多带标题的文章经常会存在此类干扰选项，因此，只要考生在做题前阅读标题，就不难甄别。如果考生发现干扰选项，应在选项上做一个标志，比如把选项圈起来。但是不要划叉，因为在没有阅读原文的情况下，并不能绝对肯定此类答案是错误的。 下面我们以剑桥雅思中的几个例子来看一下这类干扰选项： 例1 出处：剑3 Test 1 Passage 1 文章标题：The rocket—from east to west 干扰选项1：The first use of steam 干扰选项2：Developments of fire 通过文章的标题我们不难发现，文章主要描述的对象是rocket（火箭），而这两个干扰选项中的主要内容是steam（蒸汽）和fire（火），这两个主题显然不可能在如此短的文章内出现，因此可以初步判断是干扰选项。 例2 出处：剑3 Test 1 Passage 3 文章标题：The scientific method 干扰选项：Antidotes to bacterial infection
雅思阅读十大题型及方法
雅思阅读十大题型及方法 一是非题题型特点考试考一到两组共10题左右解题步骤1读题，明意，划出关键词 2 定位原文（1）题干中有年代，人名，地名数字等专有名词，肯定为关键词。（2）如果原文有小标题，将题目中的关键词和各小标题相对照，对应到原文的一个段落。（3）如果这篇文章有“heading”题目时，将题目中的关键词和找出来的各小标题相对照，对应到原文的段落。（4）顺序性、题目的顺序和原文基本一致。注意事项 1 题目中出现msut，only等词，答案是FALSE的概率最高，大约占65%，NOT GIVEN30%，TRUE5%。2 原文是两个或多个情形时（常有both…and，and，or，also等），而题目是“必须”，“只有”情况（常有must，only等），答案是FALSE。否则是NOT GIVEN/TURE。3 原文和题目使用了表示 4 原文是主观愿望，题目是客观事实。答案是NOT GIVEN。原文中常用aim,purpose,promise,swear,vow等词，题目用实意动词。 5 一定要根据原文，不能凭主观臆断。即使背景知识再丰富，如果原文没有说，只能答NOT GIVEN。 6 可以根据题目做适量推断。只推一步为好。如果不推理，可能全是NOT GIVEN,因为毕竟题目和原文不可能一模一样；如果全深推，都是TURE/FALSE。对于可以用前面4种方法推断的用前面4中方法，如果不能靠做题积累感觉。 7 注意是写TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN还是YES/NO/NOT GIVEN。 二 HEADING（找段落小标题）题型特点从list of headings中找段落的中心思想或者主旨。选项的数目往往大大多于文章段落的数目。解题步骤 1 先将例子所在的选项从选项表中划去。即使题目要求说You may use any heading more than once.或者类似的话也是误导，任何选项只能用一次。 2 先不要看选项，先读文章，读一段话，做一道题。3 读每段话时，注意寻找段落主题句。（1）如果段落第一句包含让步状语，它肯定是主题句。通常句式为：Although A,B While A,B DespiteA, B B或者B的改写为主题句。（2）如果段落的第一句是如下句型:Doing sth. is not easy/complicated/complex/difficult.It is not easy/complicated/complex/difficult to do sth..正确选项为doing sth./how to de sth./methods of doing sth.。（3）如果段落第一句是如下句型，它肯定是主题句。Not only A,but also B B或者B的改写为主题句。（4）如果段落第一句为问句，则它肯定不是主题句，第二句是主题句。（5）如果段落中某句话是举例子，则它肯定不是主题句，而它前面的句子是主题句。句型：A … for example B A或者A的改写是主题句。（6）
雅思培训丨雅思阅读段落大意匹配题
雅思培训丨雅思阅读段落大意匹配题 朗阁雅思培训中心宋媛婧 在众多雅思阅读题型中，段落大意匹配题（List of Headings）一向是许多烤鸭的“老大难”问题。而且根据笔者的教学经验，发现这一题型经常会出现“两极分化”的现象：有些学生能够很好地应对，正确率也颇高；而有些学生一做就几乎全错，出现匹配题惯有的“连锁反应”。段落大意匹配题真的有那么难吗？今天朗阁雅思培训中心的雅思专家就来给大家从浅入深地了解这一题型的特点及解法。 一、出题形式 考题中给出一个选项方框，框中列出若干以小写罗马数字为编号的名词性短语或短句，如“Effects of initial MIRTP measures”，方框下方为题干，给出用英文字母为编号的段落名，如“Paragraph A”，有时也会将几段内容合并在一起，以“Section”为编号。该题型要求考生根据文章，在方框中选出合适的选项作为出题段落或章节的标题。重点考察学生段落大意的概括能力和中心主题句的寻找能力。 二、题型特点 笔者归纳了以下几条： 1.该题型出现在正文前面，要特别注意不要漏做。 2.每个标题只使用一次，不重复选择。 3.一般来说，heading的数目比题量数目多出2-3个，这些干扰项中，可能会出现与正 确选项非常接近的情况，考生一定要找出差异，加以辨别。 4.有些考题中会给出例子，例子中已经选过的选项可以直接排除（但建议考生要把排除的 选项看一遍，因为往往给出的例子为首段的概括内容，我们可以通过这些排除的heading了解到文章的大体话题）。 5.注意给出的出题段落，不是所有段标题都覆盖全文（如剑6的Advantages of public
雅思阅读各类提醒解题法则
雅思阅读各类题型解题法则 2013-12-03 13:30 类别：雅思阅读来源：enguo 责编：meten 下面小编为大家整理了雅思阅读各类题型解题法则，供考生们参考，以下是详细内容。 雅思学术类阅读虽然有十种题型(八种主要题型)，但在解题过程中有一条贯穿始终的黄金法则，那就是学术类阅读的基本解题思路。 STEP ONE：分析文章后的题目 拿到一篇阅读文章，考生应该首先细读题目要求，确定哪些是关于文章结构的题目，哪些是关于文章细节的题目，同时找出题目中的中心词。 STEP TWO：带着问题扫描文章 1. 扫描标题 考生拿到一篇雅思学术类阅读文章，首先应该看一下文章的标题，而迄今为止，雅思学术类阅读理解考试中大致出现过下列三种题目类型：第一种是正规标题，始可用来判断文章大意、类型、而得知文章结构；第二种是主标题加副标题，副标题有时承担揭示文章结构的重任；第三种是无标题，这种考试形式自99 年开在中国考区出现，一般文章较长而且难，但仍然可以在文章第一段发现揭示文章主题的主旨句。考生应注意：描述性标题应该予以忽略；如果文章分几个SECTION 论述，则SECTION 的标题也应该加以注意 2.扫描全文的分段情况及其他信息 考生应注意数字、百分比、分数、时间或货币符号出现较多的段落；引号、大写专有名词、括号及破折号出现较多的段落；斜体字、黑体字、下划线出现较多的 段落 3.扫描每个段落的首末句，把握文章主题： 主题句提示文章每段的主题含意，进而合成整个文章的大意。因此，一定要找出主题句，从而找出这一段的主题。主题句通常是一段文章的首句(当然并非永远如此)，寻找主题句的方法可按下列顺序： 首句--→ 第二句--→中间句--→ 末句 注意：如果首句是描述性语句则应该予以忽略，通过段落首末句判断段落主题的关键是找准中心词(KEY WORD)中心词最可能是表示主要概念的名词，一般是句子的主语和宾语；表明状态的动词；表示程度高低、范围大小、肯定或否定的副词；中心词会在题目及原文中以同义词形式大量出现。比如：famous - prestigious；restructure delayer.
大连雅思培训——小议雅思阅读段落标题配对题的
巧辟蹊径找heading ——小议雅思阅读段落标题配对题的一种特殊解法 朗阁海外考试研究中心王希 在雅思阅读的各类考题中，如果要评选一下“烤鸭”们心中觉得难度较大的题型，段落标题配对题(paragraph headings)一定能够榜上有名。作为一个以高度概括性和完全替换性为特点的题型，相信许多同学都曾经或正在为它伤透脑筋。很多“烤鸭”说，考试时间有限，根本静不下心来仔细看一段一段的文章，何况还要概括总结出各段的核心大意；而且一不小心还会发生“连环出错”的惨剧。所以，一看到这种题型，首先心里就凉了半截。其实，“烤鸭”们可以调整好心态——越是麻烦的题型才越值得我们去钻研，当我们想出一些办法的时候也会更有成就感。关于段落信息匹配题的一般解法这里暂时不多赘述，接下来笔者就来讨论一种不同于一般解法的方式，探究一部分较为特殊的headings。 我们知道，相对于中文，英语写作会更加讲求逻辑连贯，尤其是选入雅思阅读材料的英语文章，更是优秀英文写作的代表，它们往往选编于英美国家一些主要报刊杂志，如Economist, New Scientist等。那么这种写作特点对于我们解答段落标题配对题又有什么启发呢？ “烤鸭”们在练习雅思写作的时候，老师一定会说，提出观点以后，要举例或引用来证明这个观点，论证好了才能开始说下一个观点。这是一篇逻辑完整的英语写作文章最基本的要求。那么这个道理放在雅思阅读文章中也同样适用，也就是说，如果在某一段文章中出现了引用某种观点或结论的句子，我们就可以据此判断该段中想要说明的重要论点是什么了。 例如，剑桥雅思真题6 Test 4 Passage 1 “Doctoring sales”的E段，段落中引用了一位医生的话，“‘I've been the recipient of golf balls from one company and I use them, but it doesn't make me prescribe their medicine,' says one doctor. ‘I tend to think I'm not influenced by what they give me.’”这名医生表达了自己虽然用了医药公司送的小礼物，但是并不会在开药方时受到影响。那么这段的主要内容就很明确了，对应前面的heading为“I. Not all doctors are persuaded.” 在文章段落中出现引用的格式主要有这样三类：