会计英语第三版(叶建芳)翻译

会计英语第三版(叶建芳)翻译
会计英语第三版(叶建芳)翻译

第一章会计总论

学习目标:

1.了解会计信息系统

2.应用公认会计准则

3.了解财务报表

4.运用会计要素

5.运用会计等式

6.理解了解会计及其环境

本章讨论不同的使用者对会计信息的需求,介绍不同实体对会计职业的影响、会计职业道德及职业行为准则。本章也将对公认会计准则以及一些相关概念和原则进行解释。

本章将介绍会计等式:资产=负债+所有者权益,并逐一定义会计等式中的每个要素,举例分析不同业务对会计等式的影响。同时,本章还将简单介绍并列示财务报表。

会计是一个信息系统

我们通常把会计描述为一个信息系统。作为一个信息系统,会计计量经济活动,将信息编制成财务报表,并将财务报表传达给决策者。会计的范围包括:确认经济事项,进行计量、记录、汇总,并把信息报告给使用者。会计所涵盖的范围要大于簿记。图表1-1是信息在会计系统内的流转图。簿记是对交易和事件的记录,只是会计的一部分。会计还包括对会计信息的分析和阐述,以帮助财务报表的外部和内部的使用者制定各项经济决策。

图表1-1 会计信息流转

会计信息使用者主要是投资者和债权人,政府,工会和普通公众也会使用会计信息。

1.1组织形式

企业有三种组织形式:

个人独资企业是指由一个自然人投资拥有的企业组织。个人独资企业是一个会计实体,但并不是法律实体。个人独资企业的所有者对企业的债务承担无限责任,这也是个人独资企业的一个主要缺点。

合伙企业与个人独资企业的区别只是在于它有两个或两个以上的所有者。合伙企业的所有者被称为合伙人。现实商业活动中有许多不同类型的合伙企业。

公司是依据当地法律注册成立的单独实体;公司的所有者被称为股东。股东不对公司的债务负责。有限责任是公司这种组织形式的一个显著优点。公司的所有权被分为股份。股票股份可以在所有者之间转让。

1.2编报财务报表的框架

由于各个国家的法律和经济环境不同,各国有不同的会计模式。在一个国家可行的会计实务在另一个国家并不一定可行。由于各国的会计模式不同,所以我们需要制定一个互相协调的会计标准:用全球通用的会计语言来传达相关的且可靠的会计信息。

为满足上述需求,国际会计准则委员会(IASC)于1973年成立,并致力于国际公认的会计准则的制定。2001年4月1日,根据题为《关于重塑国际会计准则委员会未来的建议》的报告中的提议,国际会计准则委员会(IASC)改组为国际会计准则理事会(IASB)。

除了1989年发布的国际会计准则外,国际会计准则委员会还发布了财务报表编报的框架,并将其作为建立会计准则的概念基础。

框架主要包括以下内容:

1.财务报表的目的及基础假设;

2.财务报表的质量特征;

3.财务报表的要素;

4.资本和资本保全概念.

图表1-2概括地介绍了一些重要的会计原则。

图表1-2

2006年2月16日,中国的财政部宣布实行一项新的基本准则和38项新的具体会计准则,虽然这些准则和国际会计准则相比有一些例外,但很大程度上已经和国际会计准则一致。新的基本准则类似于国际会计准则委员会发布的概念框架,并且这新的38项会计准则覆盖了国际财务报告准则下的所有问题。

1.3了解财务报表

会计信息必须满足使用者的需求。主要使用者利用财务报表信息评价企业的盈利能力和偿债能力。财务报表是会计程序的最终产品。财务报表应按一定的格式编制,并提供与决策相关的信息。

个人独资企业编制的四种财务报表有:

-利润表(又称为损益表);

-所有者权益变动表(又称为资本变动表,以及以后章节介绍的留存收益表);

会计专业英语期末试题 )

期期末测试题 Ⅰ、Translate The Following Terms Into Chinese 、 1、entity concept 主题概念 2、depreciation折旧 3、double entry system 4、inventories 5、stable monetary unit 6、opening balance 7、current asset 8、financial report 9、prepaid expense 10、internal control 11、cash flow statement 12、cash basis 13、tangible fixed asset 14、managerial accounting 15、current liability 16、internal control 17、sales return and allowance 18、financial position 19、balance sheet 20、direct write-off method Ⅱ、Translate The Following Sentences Into Chinese 、 1、Accounting is often described as an information system、It is the system that measures business activities, processes into reports and communicates these findings to decision makers、 2、The primary users of financial information are investors and creditors、Secondary users include the public, government regulatory agencies, employees, customers, suppliers, industry groups, labor unions, other companies, and academic researchers、 3、There are two sources of assets、One is liabilities and the other is owner’s equity、Liabilities are obligations of an entity arising from past transactions or events, the settlement of which may result in the transfer or use of assets or services in the future、 资产有两个来源,一个就是负债,另一个就是所有者权益。负债就是由过去得交易或事件产生得实体得义务,其结算可能导致未来资产或服务得转让或使用。 4、Accounting elements are basic classification of accounting practices、They are essential units to present the financial position and operating result of an entity、In China, we have six groups of accounting elements、They are assets, liabilities, owner’s equity, revenue, expense and profit (income)、会计要素就是会计实践得基础分类。它们就是保护财务状况与实体经营

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第一章会计总论 学习目标: 1.了解会计信息系统 2.应用公认会计准则 3.了解财务报表 4.运用会计要素 5.运用会计等式 6.了解会计及其环境 本章讨论不同的使用者对会计信息的需求,介绍不同实体对会计职业的影响、会计职业道德及职业行为准则。本章也将对公认会计准则以及一些相关概念和原则进行解释。 本章将介绍会计等式:资产=负债+所有者权益,并逐一定义会计等式中的每个要素,举例分析不同业务对会计等式的影响。同时,本章还将简单介绍财务报表。 1.1会计是一个信息系统 我们通常把会计描述为一个信息系统。作为一个信息系统,会计计量经济活动,将信息编制成财务报表,并将财务报表传达给决策者。会计的范围包括:确认经济事项,进行计量、记录、汇总,并把信息报告给使用者。会计所涵盖的范围要大于簿记。图表1-1是信息在会计系统内的流转图。簿记是对交易和事件的记录,只是会计的一部分。会计还包括对会计信息的分析和阐述,以帮助财务报表的外部和内部的使用者制定各项经济决策。

使用会计信息。 1.2组织形式 企业有三种组织形式: 个人独资企业是指由一个自然人投资拥有的企业组织。个人独资企业是一个会计实体,但并不是法律实体个人独资企业的所有者对企业的债务承担无限责任,这也是个人独资企业的一个主要缺点。 合伙企业与个人独资企业的区别只在于它有两个或两个以上的所有者。合伙企业的所有者被称为合伙人。现实商业活动中有许多不同类型的合伙企业。 公司是依据当地法律注册成立的单独实体;公司的所有者被称为股东。股东不对公司的债务负责。有限责任是公司这种组织形式的一个显着优点。公司的所有权被分为股份。股份可以在所有者之间转让。 1.3编报财务报表的框架 由于各个国家的法律和经济环境不同,各国有不同的会计模式。在一个国家可行的会计实务在另一个国家并不一定可行。由于各国的会计模式不同,所以我们需要制定一个互相协调的会计标准:用全球通用的会计语言来传达相关的且可靠的会计信息。 为满足上述需求,国际会计准则委员会(IASC)于1973年成立,并致力于国际公认的会计准则的制定。2001年4月1日,根据题为《关于重塑

会计英语第三版(叶建芳)翻译讲解

第一章会计总论 本章讨论不同的使用者对会计信息的需求,介绍不同实体对会计职业的影响、会计职业道德及职业行为准则。本章也将对公认会计准则以及一些相关概念和原则进行解释。 本章将介绍会计等式:资产=负债+所有者权益,并逐一定义会计等式中的每个要素,举例分析不同业务对会计等式的影响。同时,本章还将简单介绍并列示财务报表。 学习目标: 1.了解会计信息系统 2.应用公认会计准则 3.了解财务报表 4.运用会计要素 5.运用会计等式 6.理解了解会计及其环境 会计是一个信息系统 我们通常把会计描述为一个信息系统。作为一个信息系统,会计计量经济活动,将信息编制成财务报表,并将财务报表传达给决策者。会计的范围包括:确认经济事项,进行计量、记录、汇总,并把信息报告给使用者。会计所涵盖的范围要大于簿记。图表1-1是信息在会计系统内的流转图。簿记是对交易和事件的记录,只是会计的一部分。会计还包括对会计信息的分析和阐述,以帮助财务报表的外部和内部的使用者制定各项经济决策。 决策制定经济业务财务报告 图表1-1 会计信息流转 会计信息使用者主要是投资者和债权人,政府,工会和普通公众也会使用会计信息。 1.1组织形式 企业有三种组织形式: 个人独资企业是指由一个自然人投资拥有的企业组织。个人独资企业是一个会计实体,但并不是法律实体。个人独资企业的所有者对企业的债务承担无限责任,这也是个人独资企业的一个主要缺点。 合伙企业与个人独资企业的区别只是在于它有两个或两个以上的所有者。合伙企业的所有者被称为合伙人。现实商业活动中有许多不同类型的合伙企业。 公司是依据当地法律注册成立的单独实体;公司的所有者被称为股东。股东不对公司的债务负责。有限责任是公司这种组织形式的一个显著优点。公司的所有权被分为股份。股票股份可以在所有者之间转让。 1.2编报财务报表的框架 由于各个国家的法律和经济环境不同,各国有不同的会计模式。在一个国家可行的会计实务在另一个国家并不一定可行。由于各国的会计模式不同,所以我们需要制定一个互相协调的会计标准:用全球通用的会计语言来传达相关的且可靠的会计信息。 为满足上述需求,国际会计准则委员会(IASC)于1973年成立,并致力于国际公认的会计准则的制定。2001年4月1日,根据题为《关于重塑国际会计准则委员会未来的建议》的报告中的提议,国际会计准则委员会(IASC)改组为国际会计准则理事会(IASB)。 除了1989年发布的国际会计准则外,国际会计准则委员会还发布了财务报表编报的框架,并将其作为建立会计准则的概念基础。 框架主要包括以下内容: 1.财务报表的目的及基础假设; 2.财务报表的质量特征; 3.财务报表的要素; 4.资本和资本保全概念. 图表1-2概括地介绍了一些重要的会计原则。 图表1-2

会计专业英语期末考试练习卷(new)

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.
《会计英语》复习资料 二、单项选择(红字为正确答案):
Financial reports are used by d. all of the above
1. For accounting purposes, the business entity should be considered separate from its owners if the entity is( )
d. all of the above
2. Which of the following best describes accounting? b. is an information system that provides reports to stakeholders
3. Using accrual accounting, expenses are recorded and reported only a. when they are incurred, whether or not cash is paid
4. The measurement bases exclude( ) c. Sale price
5. Debts owed by a business are referred to as( ) d. liabilities
6. Which of the following financial statements reports information as of a specific date? c. balance sheet
7. Cash investments made by the owner to the business are reported on the statement of cash flows in the
a. financing activities section
8. The accounting equation may be expressed as d. Assets - Liabilities = Owner's Equity
9. Which of the following groups of accounts have a normal credit balance? a. revenues, liabilities, capital
10. Which of the following groups of accounts have a normal debit balance? d. assets, expenses
11. Which of the following types of accounts have a normal credit balance? c. revenues and liabilities
12. In the accounting cycle, the last step is( ) a. preparing a post-closing trial balance
13. Which of the following should not be considered cash by an accountant? c. postage stamps
.
.
14. A bank reconciliation should be prepared periodically because ( ) c. any differences between the depositor's records and the bank's records should be determined, and any errors made by either party should be discovered and corrected
15. The amount of the outstanding checks is included on the bank reconciliation as a(n) ( ) c. deduction from the balance per bank statement
16. The asset created by a business when it makes a sale on account is termed c. accounts receivable
17. What is the type of account and normal balance of Allowance for Doubtful Accounts? a. Contra asset, credit
18. The term "inventory" indicates ( ) d. both A and B
19. Merchandise inventory at the end of the year was understated. Which of the following statements correctly states the effect of the error?
a. net income is understated 20.Merchandise inventory at the end of the year is overstated. Which of the following statements correctly states the effect of the error?
b. owner's equity is overstated 21.The inventory method that assigns the most recent costs to cost of good sold is
b. LIFO 22.Under which method of cost flows is the inventory assumed to be composed of the most recent costs?
b. first-in, first-out 23. When the perpetual inventory system is used, the inventory sold is debited to ( )
b. cost of merchandise sold 24.All of the following below are needed for the calculation of depreciation except
d. book value
25. A characteristic of a fixed asset is that it is b. used in the operations of a business
26. Accumulate

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