高中英语牛津译林版必修三语法复习 主谓一致教案设计

M3语法复习

Grammar 主谓一致

在英语句子中，主语的单复数形式决定着谓语动词的单复数形式。主谓一致必须遵循以下三条原则：

语法一致原则、逻辑意义一致原则和就近一致原则。根据这三条原则，现从以下几个方面进行总结：

一、语法一致原则

语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。

1)以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复

数时，谓语动词用复数形式。

如：His father is working on the farm.

To study English well is not easy.

What he said is very important for us all.

Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.

The children were in the classroom two hours ago.

注意：由what 引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what 从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。

如：What I bought were three English books.

What he says and does do not agree.

(区别于: What he says and does is not helpful to me.)

2)由连接词and 或both … and. …连接起来的合成主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。

如：Steam and ice are different forms of water.

The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news.

Both she and he are Young Pioneers.

注意：

两个单数名词用and 连接，共用一个冠词(即第二个名词前不加冠词)，表示同一个人、同一件事、同一个概念或表示不可分割的整体时，谓语动词要用单数形式。如指不同的人或事（后面的名词前有冠词）谓语动词则用复数形式。

如：The writer and artist is going to attend the meeting..

(区别于: The writer and the artist are going to attend the meeting.)

A needle and thread was found on the floor. 在地板上找到了针线(穿了线的针)。

Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.

3）有each ...and each...；every...and every...；no...and no...；many a...and many a...结构作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

如：Every student and every teacher was in the room.

No boy and no girl likes it.

Many a doctor and many a nurse is busy with their work.

4）“名词+ with, together with, along with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, including, in, out of 等+ 名词”结构作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式要与第一个名词保持一致。

如：Mr. Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China.

Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground.

She, like you and Tom, is very tall.

5）either, each, every 或no +单数名词和由some, any, no, every 构成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。(neither of…与none of…谓语动词单复数皆可。)

如：Each of us has a new book.

Everything around us is matter.

Neither of the texts is /are interesting.

None of the boys here like/likes dancing.

6)在定语从句时，关系代词that，who，which 等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。如：

He is one of my friends who are working hard.

He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.

7)如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式。这

些词有family, class, team, group, government, crowd, committee, population, audience 等。

如：Class Four is on the third floor. / Class Four are unable to agree on a monitor.

注意：people, police, cattle, clothes 等名词本身就是复数。如：

The police are looking for the lost child.

8)由“a lot of，lots of，plenty of，the rest of，most of，the majority of + 名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或

百分数+ of +名词”构成的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。

如：The rest of the lecture is wonderful.

20% of the students in our class are absent today. About

one third of the books are worth reading.

注意：

(1) a number of +ns“许多”，作定语修饰复数名词，谓语用复数；

the number of+ns“……的数量”，主语是number，谓语用单数。

The number of unemployment has reached five million.

A number of workers have recently left the company.

(2) a quantity of 修饰名词，谓语动词的数多与所修饰名词保持一致；

quantities of 修饰名词，其谓语动词都用复数形式。

A large quantity of good earth is being washed away.

Quantities of good earth are being washed away.

9)在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。

如：There comes the bus.

On the wall are many pictures.

Such is the result.

Such are the facts.

10)many a +单数名词表“许多”, more than one +单数名词表“不止一个”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

Many a successful store has paid its rent cheerfully.

More than one man has been dismissed.

二、逻辑意义一致原则

逻辑意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致

（因有时主语形式为单数，但意义为复数；有时形式为复数，但意义为单数）。

1)what，who，which，any，more，all 等代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主要靠意思来决定。

如：Which is your bag？/ Which are your bags？

All is going well. / All have gone to Beijing.

2)表示“时间、重量、度量、距离、金钱”等的复数名词作主语时，通常被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单

数。

如：Thirty minutes is enough for the work.

Two kilometers is a long way to go on foot.

One hundred years is a century.

3)若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。如：“The Arabian Nights” is an interesting story-book.

4)一些学科名词是以–s 结尾，如：mathematics，politics，physics 以及news 等，都属于形式上是复

数的名词，实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。

如：I don’t think physics is easy to learn.

5)trousers, shorts, pants, jeans, glasses, shoes 等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有a/the pair of,

two(three…) pairs of 等量词修饰时，谓语动词在数上要与pair 保持一致。

如：My glasses are broken.

The pair of shoes under the bed is his.

注意：pair/kind/form/type/sort…of修饰的主语，其谓语形式常取决于这些词的单复数。

如：Some new forms of art were discussed at the meeting.

6)“定冠词the + 形容词或分词”，表示某一类人时，动词用复数；若表示某一类事物时，谓语动词用单

数。

如：The young are mostly ambitious.

The unknown is always something to be feared.

三、就近一致原则

在英语句子中，有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。

1.) 当两个主语由or, either …or…，neither … nor…，whether … or …，not only … but also…，not…but…连接时，谓语动词的单复数形式和邻近的主语一致。

如：Either you or I am going to be in charge if the matter.

Not only the father but also his children are interested in football. Neither they nor he is wholly right.

Are neither they nor he wholly right？

2.) there be 句型be 动词单复数取决于紧跟其后的名词，即如果其后是由and 连接的两个主语，则应与靠

近的那个主语保持一致。如:

There is a desk and two chairs in the room. / There are two chairs and a desk in the room.

注意：Here 引导的句子用法同上。

Here is a pen, a few envelopes and some papers for you.