时态和语态语法讲解和练习

时态和语态语法讲解和练习
时态和语态语法讲解和练习

时态和语态是高考必考考点,主要集中在各种时态的习惯用法及对时态与主谓一致的综合考查。

复习时态和语态时应注意以下几点:1.进行时态与一般时态的区别;2.现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别;3.某些句式、从句以及虚拟语气中的时态。

表1 主要时态使用注意事项

表2 易混时态用法比较

表3 被动语态的构成

表4 被动语态的特殊用法

一、考点聚焦

动词的时态常和语态、主谓一致结合在一起进行考查。然而,英语时态多达16种,常用的也有8种之多,且近几年的高考在考查时态时,形式灵活多样,多体现在上下文语境中,且融多个考点于一题,这样无形中增加了试题的难度。其实,纵观近几年的时态语态题,我们不难发现其命题的三个角度:一是直接给定时间状语,考生可直接根据所给时间状语作出选择;二是给定时间状语,但所给时间状语有着较强的干扰性和迷惑性,考生不能直接根据时间状语进行选择;三是题干中不提供任何时间状语,而给出一个上下文情景或一个结构较为复杂的句子,考生必须仔细分析语境,才能作出判断并选择最佳答案。

二、真题再现与技巧点播

答题时,研读题干,搜索出尽可能多的“时间参考信息”,如:haven’t said, was doing等,这些表达中都含有时间信息,发现和有效利用这些信息是解决问题的关键。解决时态和语态问题,要遵循如下解题思路:

①这个动作可能发生在什么时间?题干句中可参照的时间信息有那些?

④这个动作处于什么时态,是进行中,还是已经结束(完成)?限制或修饰这个动作的状语

信息有哪些?

③这个动作与主语的关系,是主动还是被动?

只要全面细致地考虑了这些问题的答案,试题的正确答案也就水落石出了。具体技巧如下:(一)根据题干中的时间标志词选择时态

1. ---The window is dirty.

--- I know. It ________ for weeks. (04全国卷III)

A. hasn’t clean

B. didn’t clean

C. wasn’t cleaned

D. hasn’t been cleaned

2. Scientists think that the continents always where they today. (05北京)

A. aren’t; are

B. aren’t; were

C. weren’t; are

D. weren’t; were

3. They on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and

now we it as no good results have come out so far. (05江苏)

A. had been working; are still working

B. had worked; were still working

C. have worked; were still working

D. have worked; are still working

4. The country life he was used to greatly since 1992. (05山东)

A. change

B. has changed

C. changing

D. have changed

5. With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth each year.

(05山东)

A. is washing away

B. is being washed away

C. are washing away

D. are being washed away

6. --________David and Vicky ________married?

--For about three years.(2003北京)

A. How long were;being

B. How long have;got

C. How long have;been

D. How long did;get

[命题角度]

动词时态须与句中时间状语一致。高考题常在题干中加入具体情景,以测试考生对动词时态知识的实际运用能力。

[应对策略]

敏锐捕捉时间标志词,并结合具体的语境,选择出正确的动词时态。

(二)根据主从句时态呼应的原则选择时态

7. When the old man to walk back to his house, the sun itself behind the

mountain. (05湖北)

A. started; had already hidden

B. had started; had already hidden

C. had started; was hiding

D. was starting; hid

8. --- What would you do if it tomorrow? (05全国)

--- We have to carry it on, since we’ve got everything ready.

A. rain

B. rains

C. will rain

D. is raining

9. As soon as he comes back, I’ll tell him when and see him. (05北京)

A. you will come

B.will you come

C. you come

D. do you come

[命题角度]

近年来的高考试题一般不再单纯考查主从句的时态呼应,而是将其放在真实的并且符合实际的语境中进行考查,也会结合强调结构等其它语法现象进行考查。

[应对策略]

在根据时态呼应原则解题时,要把握好以下几点:

①在时间、条件等状语从句中,用一般现在时态表示一般将来时态,一般过去时态表示过去将

来时态,用现在完成时态表示将来完成时态。

②正确认定主句动词及从句动词两个动作发生的时间,并认真体会命题者所给出的语境。

③解答宾语从句与主句时态呼应题时,考生应熟知以下规则: 如果主句动词为现在时态,则从

句动词可根据需要使用任何时态; 如果主句动词为过去时态,则从句动词须用合适的过去的某种时态(表示客观真理时使用一般现在时态)。

(三)根据具体的语言环境选择时态

10. Years ago we didn’t know this, but recent science_________ that people who don’t

sleep well will soon get ill.(05广东)

A.showed

B.will show

C.has shown

D.is showing

11. The coffee is wonderful! It doesn’t taste like anything I before. (05全国卷II)

A.was having

B.have

C.have ever had

D.had ever had

12. The hero’s story _______ differently in the newspapers. (05全国)

A.was reported

B.was reporting

C.reports

D.reported

13. Now that she is out of job, Lucy ______ going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet.

(04北京)

A. had considered

B. has been considering

C. considered

D. is going to consider

M1-M3语法—时态和语态语法检测

I. 用所给动词的正确时态语态填空

1. The classroom ___________________(clean) by students every day.

2. The museum ________________________ (build) in 192

3.

3. It is said that a new hospital ____________________(build)next year in this area.

4. The machine ________________________________(repair) at this time yesterday.

5. The book __________________ (sell) well.

6. The fire ____________________ (break out) during the night.

7. The stars _________________________ (can not see) in the daytime.

8. She found the house __________________________(break) into when she got home.

9. He _____(give) the nickname, "the student who asks questions".

10. We ______________________(learn) a lot of knowledge since we came here.

II. 单项选择

1. She _____ her pen in her room now.

A. finds

B. is finding

C. looks for

D. is looking for

2. It was not long before the water _____ cold.

A. is feeling

B. feels

C. felt

D. was feeling

3. She ____ to her hometown several times.

A. has been

B. has gone

C. went

D. is going

4. Jane _____ some washing this time yesterday.

A. is doing

B. had done

C. was doing

D. did

5. When I got to the school, the first class _____.

A. had begun

B. began

C. is beginning

D. has begun

6. Mother promised she _____ me an English-Chinese dictionary.

A. is buying

B. will buy

C. would buy

D. has bought

7. If it _____, we will go to visit the zoo.

A. not rains

B. doesn’t rain

C. won’t rain

D. isn’t going to rain

8. It is getting late. It’s time we _____.

A. go

B. went

C. are going

D. must go

9. I haven’t seen her _____.

A. two weeks ago

B. since two weeks

C. for two weeks

D. before two weeks

10. My brother _____ the Youth League since 1990.

A. joined

B. has been in

C. has joined

D. had joined

11. — Who is Clarke?

— ____ him yet? I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting.

A. Haven’t you met

B. Hadn’t you met

C. Didn’t you meet

D. Don’t you meet

12. — Lucy is not coming tonight.

— But she ___!

A. had promised

B. will promise

C. promised

D. promises

13. She will stop showing off if no notice____ of her.

A. is taken

B. takes

C. will be taken

D. has taken

14. Diamond ____in Brazil in 1971.

A. is found

B. has been found

C. was found

D. had been found

15. “Have you moved into the new flat?” “Not yet. The room ____.”

A. has been painted

B. is painted

C. paints

D. is being painted

16. The reason for all the changes being made ____to us yet.

A. has not explained

B. has not been explained

C. did not explained

D. were not explained

17. As we approached the work site, the workers were seen ____the new house.

A. building

B. build

C. built

D. to build

18. Hurry up, or the tickets ___out by the time we get there.

A. will have sold

B. will sell

C. have sold

D. will have been sold

III.高考链接:

1.[2011全国卷Ⅰ,23]Planning so far ahead _____ no sense—so many things will

have changed by next year.

A. made

B. is making

C. makes

D. has made

2.[2011辽宁,28]I’ll go to the library as soon as I finish what I _____.

A. was doing

B. am doing

C. have done

D. had been doing

3.[2011北京,27]—That must have been a long trip.

—Yeah, it _____ us a whole week to get there.

A. takes

B. has taken

C. took

D. was taking

4.[2011浙江,15]The manager was worried about the press conference his assistant ______ in

his place but, luckily, everything was going on smoothly.

A. gave

B. gives

C. was giving

D. had given

5.[2011陕西,12]His first novel _____ good reviews since it came out last month.

A. receives

B. is receiving

C. will receive

D. has received

6.[2011北京,23]Tom _____ in the library every night over the last three months.

A. works

B. worked

C. has been working

D. had been working

7.[2011江西,30]We arrived at work in the morning and found that somebody _____ into the

office during the night.

A. broke

B. had broken

C. has broken

D. was breaking

8.[2011全国卷Ⅰ,29]When Alice came to,she did not know how long she______ there.

A. had been lying

B. has been lying

C. was lying

D. has lain

9.[2011上海,34]Did you predict that many students _____ up for the dance competition?

A. would sign

B. signed

C. have signed

D. had signed

10.[2011天津,4]On her next birthday,Ann ______ married for twenty years.

A. is

B. has been

C. will be

D. will have been

11.[2011北京,21]Experiments of this kind _____ in both the U.S. and Europe well before the

Second World War.

A. have conducted

B. have been conducted

C. had conducted

D. had been conducted

12.[2011安徽,26]—What do you think of store shopping in the future?

—Personally, I think it will exist along with home shopping but _____.

A. will never replace

B. would never replace

C. will never be replaced

D. would never be replaced

13.[2011天津,3]In the last few years thousands of films _____ all over the world.

A. have produced

B. have been produced

C. are producing

D. are being produced

14.[2011上海,31]After getting lost in a storm, a member of the navy team _____ four days later.

A. rescued

B. was rescued

C. has rescued

D. had been rescued

15.[2011四川,9]All visitors to this village _____ with kindness.

A. treat

B. are treated

C. are treating

D. had been treated

16.[2010浙江,5]If you plant watermelon seeds in the spring, you _____fresh watermelon in the fall.

A. eat

B. would eat

C. have eaten

D. will be eating

17.[2010上海,31]The church tower which _____ will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost

finished.

A. has restored

B. has been restored

C. is restoring

D. is being restored

18.[2009上海,36]During the period of recent terrorist activities, people _____ not to touch any

unattended bag.

A. had always been warned

B. were always being warned

C. are always warning

D. always warned

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