被动语态语法知识详解

初中英语被动语态详解

●一、被动语态

什么是被动语态？

要弄懂什么是被动语态，让我们先了一下解语态。

什么叫语态？

是动词的一种形式，用于表明主语与谓语之间的关系。

英语中时态很多，但语态只有两种，即：主动语态和被动语态。

主动语态：表示主语是动作的执行者。

被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者。

所谓“被动语态”，相当于中文中常说的“被……”、“由……”的句式，如：“他的自行车被偷了。”，“这座楼房是由他们建造的。”●二、被动语态的谓语结构

英语中被动语态是怎么样构成的呢?请看下面的例句(注意划线部分)：His bicycle was stolen.

English is spoken by people in the world.

通过上面的例句，可以看出，

被动语态的谓语结构是：“be + 及物动词的过去分词”

●三、被动语态的运用

什么情况下要用被动语态呢?一般地说，有下面几种情况：

1.不知道谁是动作的执行者。例如：

Paper is made from wood. (纸是由木材生产出来的。)

2.没有必要指出动作的执行者。例如：

The house is quite old. It was built in 1950. (这座房子太旧了。它是1950年建成的。)

He was wounded in the fight. (他在战斗中受伤了。)

Electricity is used to run machines. (电是用来开动机器的。)

3.只需要强调动作的对象时。例如：

The classroom is cleaned every day.

Calculator can't be used in the math exam.(计算器不能用于数学考试。)

4.为了使语气婉转，避免提到是谁做的这件事。例如：

The new library must be completed by the end of next month. (新图书馆必须在下个月底前完工。)

一般地讲，被动语态用于英语的各种时态。为了能准确地运用被动语态，重点是要掌握be动词的各种时态变化。

各种时态的被动语态举例如下：

●1、一般现在时的被动语态

Our classroom is cleaned every day.

This car is made in China.

一般现在时被动语态的几种句型:

1) 肯定句: 主语+am/is/are + V-ed + (by…)

Our classroom is cleaned every day.

2) 否定句: 主语+ am/is/are + not + V-ed + (by…)

Our classroom is not cleaned every day.

3) 一般疑问句: Am/Is/Are + 主语+ V-ed + (by…)?

Is our classroom cleaned every day?

4) 特殊疑问句: 疑问词+ am/is/are + 主语+ V-ed + (by…)?

What time is our classroom cleaned every day?

●2、一般过去式的被动语态

E.g.

His desk was cleaned just now.

The building was built in 1928.

一般过去时被动语态的几种句型:

1) 肯定句: 主语+ was/were + V-ed + (by…)

The news was published by the government.

2) 否定句: 主语+ was/were + not + V-ed + (by…)

The news wasn’t published by the government.

3) 一般疑问句: Was/Were + 主语+ V-ed + (by…)?

Was the news published by the government?

4) 特殊疑问句: 疑问词+ was/were + 主语+ V-ed + (by…)?

When was the news published by the government?

●3、现在完成时的被动语态

Some new building have been built in the city since last year.