秦荻辉科技英语写作教程练习答案全部版
V、练习参考答案
练习1
II、
1、an（人们对这课题的兴趣越来越浓。)
2、a （功率额定值是电阻器不会引起温度太大的上升而能安全地耗散的最大功率。）
3、an（其主要的缺点是增加了噪声。）
4、The; a（该设备的成功设计需要详细地了解性能指标。）
5、the; a; a（在氢原子的布尔模型中，一个电子绕一个质子以半径为R 的圆周运转。）
6、the（频率的单位是赫兹。）
7、a; a; an; the（如果在电路的两端加上电压的话，就会有电流在电路中流动。）
8、/; /（图5－1画出了Oersted的实验。）
9、an（这里我们应该使用一个18伏的电池。）
10、A; a; a（机器是能够传递力来完成某一确定目的的一种设备。）
11、The; /（水压机将在第14章加以考虑。）
12、The; the; the（研究处于运动中的流体，是力学中较为困难的分支之一，因为可能出现的现象是多种多样的。）
13、the; the [/]（我们容易确定参数μ的值。）
14、/; the（根据式（2－1），我们得到以下的关系式。）
15、an（在这里必须使用一根S形管子。）
16、the; /（作者工作在位于阿林顿的得克萨斯大学。）
17、an（这是一只R位的变换器。）
18、An（这里必须使用一个“异”或门电路。XOR = Exclusive OR）III、
1.
2.We turn now to a discussion of local area networks.
3.
optical spectrometer.
4.
5.The density of a substance is its mass per unit volume.
6.106 m.
7.
8.An increase in pressure always causes a decrease in volume.
9.Fig. (2-5) shows what is expressed by Eq. (2-2).
10.
11.Too large an input signal can cause nonlinear distortion.
https://www.360docs.net/doc/3b9466814.html,ing of slope, we can derive equation which
13.expression f(x＋h)－f(x) is frequently used in study of
calculus.
14.
linear equation in one unknown.
https://www.360docs.net/doc/3b9466814.html,puter, the tendency is to operate at as clock rate as
possible.
16.Tin does not have as high a melting point as lead (does).
17.
18.Electricity can be easily changed into other forms of energy.
19.In 1831, Joseph Henry in United States discovered
phenomenon of electromagnetic induction.
20.A computer consists of several parts [units].
IV、
Chemistry is based upon concepts that require the measurement of such quantities as length, volume, mass, and temperature. These measurements are quantitative; that is, they have numbers associated with them. In this section, we will consider some of the simple instruments used in quantitative measurements. We will also look at the units used to express these measured quantities.
V、
1.
2.Performance analysis of M-ary spread spectrum receiver using
biorthogonal cyclic codes
3.Finally, broad stepped impedance transformer is designed by this
method.
4.
sharing system
5.With state-transition diagram, security probability of
system is obtained.
6.
7.
练习2
II、
1. Ordinary transformers are not ideal, and therefore power losses occur in them.
2. This material attracts iron objects and can even magnetize them.
3. This circuit consists of a battery, an inductor and a capacitor.
4. Compute the electric fields at points a, b, and c.
5. This satellite is used for communications between the United States and Great Britain, France and Italy.
6. Matter is anything like air, water or wood.
μF, and
ripple is 20 percent.
charge sets up a magnetic field, and this field exerts a force on another charge moving through it.
9. Chapters 6, 7, and 8 deal with what is called the electronic brain.
10. Students may learn that mathematics is the language for scientific ideas, that science is a source of mathematical ideas, and that mathematics can furnish brilliant answers to important scientific problems.
III、
1. The current in the circuit is one half the short-circuit current of the source.
2. The internal resistance of this kind of storage battery is only a few thousandths of an ohm.
3. Its error is six parts in 1012.
4. This computer stores four times more information than that one (does).
5. The mass of the moon is 1/80 that of the earth.
6. The demand for this kind of equipment in the near future will be 20 times what it is.
7. The voltage across this component is a few tenths of a volt.
8. Now its internal pressure is one third what it was.
IV、
The concept of temperature is familiar to all of us. This is because our bodies are so sensitive to temperature differences. When we pick up a piece of ice, we feel cold because its temperature is lower than that of our hand. After drinking a cup of coffee, we may refer to it as “hot,”“lukewarm,”or “atrocious.”In the first two cases, at least, we are describing the extent to which its temperature exceeds ours.
V、
3. Unless otherwise stated, it is assumed that silicon transistors are used
can be neglected.
CBO
7. The interior point is a minimum rather than a maximum, given that the
练习3
II、
1. This type of computer has many advantages over that type.
2. We must solve this equation for the loop current.
3. Of these five new chapters, the first one deals with the basic principles of negative feedback.
4. This section introduces [presents] the concept of force.
5. This parameter varies [changes] with temperature.
6. The current and voltage in this circuit differ in phase by 90o. [The phases of the current and voltage in this circuit differ by 90o.]
7. Sound waves travel in all directions.
8. By analyzing [By the analysis of] the parameters of the instrument, we can understand its performance.
9. This is a sufficient and necessary condition for solving [the solution of] the equation.
10. We will find out its average velocity over this distance.
11. We measure force in newtons.
12. This paper introduces a new method for measuring this parameter.
III、
1. For x＞1, there is no solution to this equation [this equation has no solution].
2. Upon [On] substituting [substitution of] these values into [to] the equation, it was found that v is equal to the velocity of light.
3. In their study of electricity, physicists defined the parameter.
4. This circuit is similar in operation to that of Fig. 1-10.
5. In our discussion of this subject, we shall restrict our attention to its basic principles.
6. We describe the interactions among charges with the help of the concept of electric field.
7. This is due in part to the earth’s rotation.
8. Upon [On] application of proper external force, the body will start to move.
9. This computer is very small in size.
10. These waves travel only in one direction.
IV、
The common dry cell used in flashlights is constructed as shown in Fig. 2-28. The positive electrode is a carbon rod and the negative one is a zinc can. The cell is called “dry”because its electrolyte is a moist paste. If it were actually dry, ions in the electrolyte could not move about and no current could be produced. In the operation of the cell, zinc atoms become zinc ions by losing electrons.
V、
th of October.
’
8. They will Beijing to
mobile communication.
练习4
II、
1. The answer (key) to this problem looks (appears) correct.
2. This coefficient remains to be determined.
3. The two equations below will be often (frequently) used in later chapters.
4. Here we use two metal balls 10 cm apart.
5. This paper contains (has) nothing new. [There is nothing new in this paper.]
6. The force acts perpendicular to the surface of the table.
7. This rule can be used for [ … can apply to] all integers, both positive and negative.
8. A neutron has a mass slightly larger than that of a proton. […has a slightly mass than a proton.]
9. Electrons are the smallest particles present in ordinary matter.
10. All the textbooks available discuss this problem.
11. Accurate in operation and high in speed, computers have found wide applications.
12. The input goes negative and [while] the output stays constant.
13. These rays seem to come from the image.
14. Impedance in an ac-circuit plays the same role that resistance does in a dc-circuit.
15. Two parallel wires a distance (of)δapart carry the current i.
16. The equations here are of great importance.
17. We shall use a cable 10 meters long.
18. The problem now is how to measure the voltage across this component.
19. These data will be sent to the computing center 2 kilometers away.
20. Upon rearranging the equation above, we have [get, obtain] the following expression.
21. That statement sounds quite reasonable.
22. Electrons can pass relatively unimpeded through metals.
23. The body collides with other bodies nearby.
24. These charges can interact with other charges present.
25. Forces can be transmitted without contact, contrary to the common
belief.
26. There is no root larger than 1 [unity].
27. This coefficient is typically 0.35.
28. The charge is moving parallel to the electric field.
III、
The density of a substance is the ratio of its mass to its volume. Densities of liquids and solids are most often expressed in grams per cubic centimeter. Their densities can be found by measuring, independently, the mass and volume of a sample. For [With] solids, density is a bit more difficult to determine. A common approach is shown in Fig. 1.4. The mass of the sample is first measured (by) using [with] a balance. Its volume is found indirectly by determining the volume of liquid displaced by the solid.
IV、
… in a minute or two].
2. In this case, the input does not fall; nor [neither] does the output. […; the output does not fall, either.]
3. The resistance of a conductor on the
which the conductor is made, but also on the size and temperature of the conductor.
[… than any one else.]
练习5
II、
ways.
ground.
6. Since transformers are large, heavy, and
from the circuit will result in considerable savings.
as a control component.
k has the same unit as work (does).
complicate the proceedings.
of great importance.
can be deduced.
III、
these components.
8. AC can be changed [turned, converted, transformed, translated] into [to]
12. Computers are capable of processing information,
substances such as diamond.
chromatography has found wide applications.
18. To solve this problem, we must take everything [all factors] into account,
the multimeter is widely used in electrical engineering.
20. These materials are pressure sensitive.
IV、
t2 and t3 the diode appears to be on.
R o.
6. This section describes the advantages of AC over DC.
7. We must take the effect of temperature on [upon] semiconductors into account.
8. In this case, the variation of output with input is very small.
9. This curve shows the dependence of distance on [upon] speed.
10. The use of the atomic energy as the source of power is very important.
11. The separation of impurities from the ore is very difficult.
12. We are all familiar with the definition of current as the flow of charge. V、
Energy may be thought of as the ability to do work. When we say that something has energy, we mean that it is capable of exerting a force on something else and doing work on it. On the other hand, when we do work on something, we have added to it an amount of energy equal to the work done. The units of energy are the same as those of work. We shall consider in this chapter two broad categories of mechanical energy, kinetic energy and potential energy.
VI、
not.
6. The advantages of this also been discussed.
练习6
II、
1. This image, it will be noticed, is a real image.
2. This device, it is said, was commercially available three years ago. [≈This device is said to have been commercially available.]
3. This technical problem, we hope, will be solved soon.
4. These systems will be presented in what the author hopes is a concise manner.
5. 210is approximately 1000, a fact that we think is very useful in the study of digital electronics.
6. A resistor of say 100 ohms should be used here.
7. Velocity is, we have noted before, a vector.
III、
any resistance.]
radars.
robot.
IV、
1. In Section 1-2, the concept of force was introduced.
2. As early as the 1940s, it was found that semiconductors are very useful.
3. This result can also be arrived at in another way.
4. At that time no use was made of this phenomenon. (…, this Phenomenon was made no use of.)
5. This point will be dealt with in the next section.
V、
5. The greater the resistance, the longer time it takes for the capacitor to reach its maximum voltage. (…, the longer time is required for the capacitor to reach its maximum voltage.)
6. The farther the body is thrown, the greater force will be required.
7. Calculate how many more seconds are required for the wheel to come to rest [stop].
[…, this one is the cheapest].
9. Sound travels in hydrogen much faster than in air.
11. The current as small as 0.1 A is too small to produce enough heat.
VI、
Many different methods can be used to resolve compounds into their elements. Sometimes, but not often, heat alone is sufficient. Joseph Priestley, an English chemist, discovered oxygen 200 years ago. A more common method of resolving compounds into elements is called electrolysis. This involves passing an electric current through a compound, usually in the liquid state. Through the process of electrolysis, it is possible to separate water into the two elements hydrogen and oxygen.
VII、
is 或：We can determine the weight of the body easily.
[have; get] the following relation. [ Substituting (Substitution of) Eq. (1-7) in Eq. (1-8) yields [produces; gives; results in; leads to] the following relation.]
10. The results values. […are in agreement with the experimental values.]
练习7
II、
1. All we need to do is (to) measure the pressure on the body. [或：All that is necessary is to measure …; It is only necessary for us to measure …; We need only to measure ….]
2. It is quite possible for them to solve this equation.
3. It will take a few months to design this kind of aircraft with the help of a computer.
4. If it is desired to find out this force, we may use the parallelogram method.
5. It is left as a problem to [for] the reader to show that this expression hold.
6. The program to be executed is stored in this unit.
7. This valley acts as the foundation on which to build the dam.
8. In this laboratory there are many kinds of instrument for students to choose from.
9. Atoms are too small for us to see with our naked eyes.
10. Let it be required to find out this component.
11. Let t0 equal [be equal to] zero.
12. The farther away the target (is), the longer time it takes for the echo to return.
13. We find this problem easy to solve.
14. It is necessary to solve this equation for x.
15. For the series to converge, x must be less than 1.
16. We find this concept very difficult to understand.
17. This method makes it much easier to detect targets.
18. Time-shared systems are expensive to build.
19. This factor will affect the ability of a computer to store information.
20. We have to find out how large to make r so as for the series to converge.
21. This is a pen to draw pictures with.
22. For the transistor to conduct, its base must be about 1.8 volts.
23. Elasticity is the tendency of a body to return to its original condition after being deformed.
24. An antenna is a device to transmit and receive radio waves.
25. The lack of such protection has made it easy for malicious programs to destroy data on systems.
26. These problems deserve to be further studied.
27. We consider it necessary to make measurements with accuracy.
28. R is the resistance to be measured.
29. Each member has a switch with which to indicate a YES or NO vote.
30. Ordinary matter is said to be electrically neutral.
31.This property makes it possible for metals to be made into any shape.
32. This table is unfit for a student to do experiments on.
33. Now we consider what path of integration to take.
34. In this case, the time necessary for the current to reach its maximum value is changed.
35. The purpose to write this book is to give the reader a brief introduction to electronic computers.
III、
The period with which a body undergoes simple harmonic motion is the time required for it to make one complete oscillation. In the case of a spring [For a spring], the period is the time the spring spends in going from its maximum extension, through its maximum compression and back to its maximum extension once more. For all types of simple harmonic motion, the period T is given [expressed; denoted; represented] by
S/,
T = 2πa
where the acceleration a is that experienced by the body when it is at its specified position.
IV、
has been emphasized.
2. Our method is different from those described [presented] in the papers available on [discussing] the same problem.
…, it is necessary to have a sound knowledge of computer science.]
4. Not only temperature and light affect the conductivity, but the
Smith for his great help.
练习8
II、
1. The compressed air has the ability to do work.
2. The presently existing integration methods do not apply [hold] here.
3. The amplifier amplifies the received signals.
4. Moving molecules have kinetic energy.
5. Fig. 1 – 3 shows the photo of a freely falling body.
6. Speed equals distance divided by time.
7. V oltage equals current multiplied by resistance.
8. The resistance of air increases with the increased [increasing] speed.
9. A transformer is a device consisting of two or more coils wound on [round] an iron core.
10. It is necessary to find out the current flowing through this component.
11. This book, properly used, will be of great help to the reader.
12. Flowing through a circuit, the current will lose part of its energy.
13. In this case, electrons have more energy, (thus) increasing the brightness of the light spot.
14. Given [Knowing] time and speed, we can find out distance.
15. Having studied this chapter, the student will understand the principle of a computer.
16. The speed of light being extremely great, we cannot measure it by ordinary methods.
17. Several comsats were launched, all of them (being) high-altitude satellites.
18. Called “the mother of all networks,”the Internet is a widely used international network.
19. The angle in radians, being defined as the ratio of a length to a length, is
a pure number.
20. This force can be resolved into two components, one (being) horizontal and the other vertical.
III、
1.With the switch closed, the balance point is found by trial and error.
2.With both speakers on, what is the intensity at C?
3.The Internet Protocol was not designed with security in mind.
4.Let us construct [draw] a circle with the origin as the center and of radius R.
5.The equation to the circle of radius r with the center at the origin is x2 + y2= r2.
6.This parameter should be measured with E grounded.
7.Its Fourier transform can be obtained from Eq. (2 – 4), with the lower limit replaced by zero.
8. With no resistance in the circuit, the current will increase indefinitely.
9. With no input present, the output will be zero.
10. With this in view, we have written this book.
IV、
1.Let us consider designing a voting machine.
2.Blood is capable of being broken down into various components.
3.Multiplying a and b together to give e may be written as a×b = e.
4.We refer to these components as being passive.
5. A cell reproduces by dividing in two.
6.This involves taking the Fourier transform.
7.The light beam will be deflected upon entering the medium.
8.On rearranging the above equations, we obtain the following set of equations.
9.In using this equation, it does not matter which plane is considered as
1.
https://www.360docs.net/doc/3b9466814.html,pressing a gas quickly raises its temperature.
11.This machine needs repairing.
12.This book is worth reading.
V、
Let us begin our study of electricity by examining the results of a few basic experiments. The first experiment consists of stroking a rubber rod with some fur, and then in turn touching two small pith balls suspended from strings with the rod. The pith balls then swing apart, indicating that a repulsive force now acts between them. Next, we stroke a glass rod with a silk cloth and touch two different suspended pith balls in turn with it. Once more the pith balls swing apart, indicating a repulsive force. Now we bring near each other one of the pith balls touched with the rubber rod and one touched with the glass rod; they swing toward each other this time, indicating an attractive force.
VI、
1.The results obtained indicate that these two methods are consistent in essence, with the exception that they have their own specific application conditions.
2. A new algorithm has been designed which will be able to maintain the survival of useful copies, thus greatly reducing the number of packet copies in a network.
3. Given [Knowing] resistance and current, one [we] can determine voltage.
4. The price of this instrument is high.
5. This device occupies too much space/room.
6. A robot is a special kind of electronic device.
7. This scientist said, “Electrons move round the nucleus.”
8. The current starts flowing at the very moment we close the circuit.
9. There are a few exceptions to this rule.
10. They have been designing a new type of computer these six months.
练习9
II、
1. The problem was not to be solved until a completely new method was
introduced.
2. The values of most things must be converted from decimal to binary before computations can begin.
3. A body at rest will never move until force compels it.
4. Nearly 100 years passed before the existence [presence] of subatomic particles was confirmed by experiment [experimentally].
5. Diode D conducts the moment [the instant; directly; immediately] the input voltage becomes more negative than V.
6. The first time they designed an electronic computer, scientists encountered many difficulties.
7. The year this device was invented, World War II broke out.
8. Small as they are, atoms are made up of still smaller particles.
9. The voltage is always there while the generator is operating.
10. As current flows, part of its energy will be lost.
11. These two resistors should be selected [chosen] so that the transistor can operate normally.
12. The body is in such a state that it can do work.
III、
1. The relation that voltage is the product of current and resistance applies to all the dc circuits.
2. The fact that everything around us is matter is known to all.
3. The discovery that magnetism can produce current is extremely important in the field of electricity.
4. There is no doubt that the magnetic field is produced by some sort of circulating current.
5. An equation is an algebraic statement that two algebraic expressions are equal.
6. There is evidence that the mass of a body is the function of the body.
7. The question now arises whether this result applies to all cases.
8. In this case there is no guarantee that the series is convergent.
9. There is a growing awareness that these techniques are very useful.
10. One of [Among] the most noteworthy achievements at that time was the realization that light consists of electromagnetic waves.
11. The advent of electronics is reckoned from the discovery that the current in the vacuum diode can be controlled by introducing a third electrode.
the fact that there are many free electrons in conductors.
13. There is no evidence that energy can be created or destroyed.
14. This series of experiment leads to the result that with a constant applied [external] force, the acceleration is inversely proportional to the mass.
15. Besides [In addition to] the fact that the properties of the material should be included in the analytical model, we must take other factors into account. IV、
Nearly all substances fall into two major [broad; general; main] categories: conductors and insulators. Metals, many liquids, and plasmas are conductors, while nonmetallic solids, certain liquids, and gases are insulators. Just as the rate of flow of water depends upon the difference of height between them, the rate of flow of electric current between two points depends upon the difference of potential between them. The statement that voltage is proportional to current multiplied by [times] resistance is called Ohm’s law, since it was first verified experimentally by the German physicist Georg Ohm.
V、
https://www.360docs.net/doc/3b9466814.html,pared with the theory presented in the literature published abroad in recent years that the polar axis should be in parallel with the earth’s axis, the method given in this paper will lead to (a) higher accuracy.
2.These features make it difficult for electronic counter-measure systems to intercept, analyze and jam this kind of signals.
3. By the family of curves is meant a specified set of curves which satisfy given conditions.
4. The existence of and the ability to control these phenomena make those devices possible.
5. In this case it is necessary to use as much energy of signals as possible.
6. The variation of the number of the filter’s teeth has a greater effect on the performance of its passband than the variation of its dimensions.
7. Scalar detection will result in the loss of some phase information.
8. Fig. 6 shows the schematic diagram of measuring scatter parameters by the natural parameter transformation method.
练习10
II、
1. Now it remains to be determined when the series converges.
2. It is clear from Dubamel’s Theorem that this limit exists.
3. How large this error is depends upon several [a few] factors.
4. It is a matter of indifference which point of view is adopted.
5. It should be emphasized that these definitions may be used for angles of any magnitude.
6. It is assumed that the student has a basic understanding of mechanical drawing.
7. It follows from Maxwell’s hypothesis that whenever there is a change in an electric field, a magnetic field is produced.
8. It happens that the overall phase shift is zero.
9. It does not matter whether the magnet is moved in this case.
10. It makes no difference which unknown is selected [chosen].
11. Temperature determines in what direction the transfer of heat will take place.
12. Which equation we should use depends on what data we are given [know] in the problem.
13. It is now a well-known fact that all matter consists of tiny particles.
14. It has been found that the direction of an electric current is opposite to that of the flow of electrons.
III、
1. It is necessary to determine under what conditions this equation holds [applies; is valid; is true].
2. This device is just what we need.
3. Now we summarize what we have proved so far [up to now].
4. What a generator does is to change mechanical energy into electrical energy.
5. What this chapter describes [What is described in this chapter] is of great importance.
6. This magnetic force is what makes the electric motor run.
7. Matter is what can occupy space.
8. This is what happens in a transistor.
9. What we have discovered in this experiment is the entirely new realm of electrical phenomenon.
10. This direction is opposite to what has been assumed.
11. What is spoken of as absolute zero is the temperature 273o C below zero.
12. Television and telephone communications are linking people to a global
village, or what one writer calls the electronic city.
13. Magnitude, direction, and place of application are what we call the three elements of a force.
14. These numbers constitute what is known as the real number system.
15. After a chemical change, a substance is changed to something different from what it was.
16. In what follows, we acquaint ourselves with some basic concepts.
IV、
It is said that Galileo found, after a number of experiments, that all bodies near the earth fall toward the earth with the same acceleration. This acceleration is what we call the acceleration of gravity. Galileo’s work was especially significant because, for the first time, experimental results were accepted despite the fact that they contradicted well-known established ideas, in this case the notion that heavy things “should” fall faster than light ones. What deserves to be commented on Galileo’s work is that his conclusion that all things fall with the same constant acceleration is only an idealization of reality.
V、
1. An x-band wave-guide test system is shown in Fig.7. [或：Fig. 7 shows …].
2. This method lowers the requirement for the hardware of a sample network.
3. On the basis of the above analysis of the decomposition of the polynomial, a novel configuration results. [或：The above analysis of the decomposition of the polynomial results in a novel configuration.]
4. This can satisfy the system’s input and output rates with as low a systolic frequency as possible.
5. This paper discusses the design guideline for and the structure of the system, with a deep inquiry into model testing.
6. Finally, an analysis of packet loss probability is made by computer simulation.
7. The sparse ratio of the resulting impedance matrix is as high as 40%.
8. The Qin Yong-brand whole milk powder is made from high-quality fresh milk, white sugar and trace elements needed by the human body by scientific methods and Denmark’s advanced technology.
The Qin Yong-brand whole milk powder contains calcium, protein and varied vitamins, and it can be mixed with lukewarm sanitary drinking water into [或：… can be blended with lukewarm sanitary drinking water to produce]
华科双学位英语new
2008级、07级（五年制）英语二学位通知 2008级、2007级（五年制）申请修读华中科技大学英语第二学位的同学请注意：非华科大同学请于2010年3月5号上七校联合办学网查看自己的分班情况及课表，仔细阅读课表下方有关上课时间、上课地点以及教材购买等的通知，按通知要求做好上课前的准备，并根据课表的安排准时到指定地点上课。华科大的同学除上述要求外，还必须于缴费当天上班时间持缴费收据到科技楼南楼212注册。 华中科技大学外国语学院英语系 2009年12月20号
英语双学位（1班---16班）2009－2010学年度第二学期课表（周六上课） 第一次上课时间: 2010年3月6号（第一周周六）上课地点: 东九教学楼（上午8：30----11：40，下午2：00----5：10） 请同学们第一次上课时于7：50以前到达上课地点，以便有充足的时间购买教材；请仔细阅读课表下方的有关通知 注：第一次上课时间：2010年3月6号（第一周周六）； （2010年3月6号为第一周周六，2010年3月7号为第二周周日，3月13号为第二周周六，3月14号为第三周周日，以此类推。）上课周次：周六班（1---16班）：1---3周、5---12周、14---15周； 除按课表已安排的周次正常上课外，本学期节假日（如清明节、五·一节、端午节）均安排补课。
英语双学位（17班---26班）2009－2010第二学期课表（周日上课） 第一次上课时间: 2010年3月7号（第二周周日）上课地点: 东九教学楼（上午8：30----11：40，下午2：00----5：10） 请同学们第一次上课时于7：50以前到达上课地点，以便有充足的时间购买教材；请仔细阅读课表下方的有关通知 注：第一次上课时间：2010年3月7号（第二周周日） （2010年3月6号为第一周周六，2010年3月7号为第二周周日，3月13号为第二周周六，3月14号为第三周周日，以此类推。）上课周次：（17---28班）：2---4周、6 ---12周、14周、16周 除按课表已安排的周次正常上课外，本学期节假日（如清明节、五·一节、端午节）均安排补课。
专业英语阅读与写作教学大纲
《专业英语阅读云写作》教学大纲 一、课程基本信息 二、课程性质和目的 专业英语阅读与写作是电气工程及其自动化专业的专业英语课程，是将专业知识的学习与英语的学习有机地结合起来，在基础英语知识的基础上，侧重了专业英语的阅读与翻译技巧的训练。通过本课程的学习，使学生能够熟练阅读本专业外文教材，掌握专业英语翻译技巧和英文写作的基本要求，为从事相关工作打下坚实的基础。 三、课程教学的基本要求 1．熟悉一般科普类英语的文体，掌握科技英语浏览和阅读的基本技巧； 2．掌握科技词汇的一般构词和使用方法； 3．掌握英文正式书信和其他常用应用文的描述与写作方法； 4．掌握英文中图、表和曲线的描述与写作方法； 5．熟悉专业英语文体、阅读及翻译技巧。 6．熟悉专业英语文献的基本结构，如摘要、引用、时态、参考文献等，借鉴IEEE文献格式，掌握专业英语中写作的一般方法。 四、课程教学基本内容 1．科技英语阅读 电气工程及其自动化专业科技英语阅读包括三个阅读单元，每个单元由一篇核心阅读内容（CRT）和一篇补充阅读内容（SRT）构成。每个单元附有大量的阅读练习，包括科技词汇、语法、阅读理解和翻译等。每单元4学时。 (1) CRT：Stampede on the Superhighway SRT：The Complete Survival Guide to the Information Superhighway (2) CRT：Traffic Technology Drivers to clear the road SRT：Factors in the Development of Transportation (3) CRT：Once and Future Landfills SRT：Water Resource Management System
科技英语写作高级教程参考答案完整
练习1 II冠词 1.Dr. Emmet graduated from Harvard University in 2001.（Emmet博士2001年毕业 于哈弗大学） 2.Professor Li earned his Ph.D. degree in mechanical engineering from the Xi’an University of Technology in 1988.（李教授1998年在西安理工大学获得机械工 程博士学位） 3.Now we shall turn to the discussion of local area networks.（现在我们转向（turn to）讨论一下局域网） 4.The Bainbridge mass spectrometer is as important an instrument as the optical spectrometer.（质谱仪是与光谱仪一样重要的仪器） 5.How long a time [或How much time] is required to this experiment?（做这个实验 需要多长时间？） 6.An increase in pressure always causes a decrease in volume.（压力的增加总会引 起体积的减少） 7.Fig. (2-5) shows what is expressed by Eq. (2-2).（图（2-5）画出了式（2-2）所表 示的情况） 8.The unit of inductance is the henry.（电感的单位是亨利） III、改错 1.The UASMA protocol employs a unique frame structure.（UASMA协议采用了 独特的帧结构） 2.Finally, a broad stepped impedance transformer is designed by this method.（最 后，用这种方法设计了宽带阶梯阻抗变换器） 3.Dynamic analysis and evaluation of the security of a proactive secret sharing system（先应秘密共享系统安全性的动态分析和评估） 4.The approach can be applied to the one-dimensional potential barrier with an arbitrary profile.（该方法适用于任意形状的一维势垒） 5.We propose a numerical method based on Newton’s iterative method.（我们提出 了一种基于牛顿地带发的数值方法） 练习2 1. This circuit consists of a battery, an inductor and a capacitor.（该电路是由一个电池、一个电感器和一个电容器组成） 2. Compute the electric fields at points a, b, and c.（试计算在a、b、c三点处的电场。） 3. This satellite is used for communications between the United States and Great Britain, France and Italy.（这颗卫星用于美国与英国、法国、意大利之间的通讯） 4. We assume that the antenna is vertical and that its loss is zero.（我们假设该天线是垂直的，并且其损耗为0）
最新研究生学术英语写作教程Unit-2-Initiating-Research
Unit 2 Initiating Research Objectives - Understand what a research is - Become aware of two language features of academic writing - Initiate your research Contents - Reading and discussion: What is a research? - Language focus: personal pronoun and nominalization - Writing practice: topic selection; focus formulating; a working title; outlining - Research practice: start the research 1.Reading Activity This unit aims to describe what a research is, bring you an awareness of two language features of academic writing, and finally help you initiate a research of your own. 1.1 Pre-reading Task Before you learn the detailed steps to initiate a research, please discuss the following questions: What is the purpose of initiating a research? How do you select the topic? What kind of topic can be studied?
高级英文写作教程Paraphrase the following selected sentences
Paraphrase the following selected sentences: On the basis of controlling purpose we traditionally divide all prose into three kinds: narration, description, and exposition. Seldom is any piece of writing pure exposition. Deciding upon reader and purpose is easily half the task of writing. The expository writer may throw new light upon two things by comparing and contrasting them, by showing how they are alike and yet different. Translate the following selected sections into Chinese: 1. Para. 4: Deciding up on … (till the end of the paragraph) 2. Para. 7: The expository writer, therefore, uses… by arguing from premise to conclusion. 2.1. Paraphrases 2.1.1. Paragraph 2, “No matter how many soothsayers ….. under the way”. 2.1.2. Paragraph 3, “Prosperity is more than and economic condition… mass emotion”. 2.2. Translation: Paragraph 1 and Paragraph 2. 2.3. Based on the topic sentences that you had worked out, make a summary of the article with a maximum of 5 sentences. Begin your summary with “In “Big Bull Market”, Mr. Frederick Lewis Allen…” Paraphrases and Translations: Paragraph 1, “Yet the peculiar thing is… Oxford arises.” Paragraph 2, “It is these things indeed …the merest amateur.” Paragraph 3, “ But after all one might say this is only the mechanical side of education… more cultured studies.” Paragraph 4, "Again and again...Mandollin Club." 1. paraphrase 1: “for in spite of President… and usually are so.” 2. paraphrase 2: “First, granting that our graduates…direction to a life.” 3. translate the whole passage. Paraphrases 1. Paragraph 1, “If the human mind…… sense stimuli”. 2. Paragraph 1, “whenever the users of a language……in that language”. Translations Paragraph 2, “There are, as Professor……a cauliflower ear”.
BEC初级至高级全套用书下载链接必备学习
美式论文、报告写作技巧 编者按：美式教育的特点即是课程内容强调学生参与及创新运用，因此，报告便成了常见的考核学生学习成果的方式，比如实验报告、学期报告、专题报告、研究报告及论文（含毕业论文）等。研究生presentation 及seminar 的机会更是占很大的比重，有些甚至占学期成绩很大比例。如何完成报告、论文同时得到良好的成绩，是本文提供给有志留学的有心人参考的目的。 美国大学生由於自小已养成自动寻找答案习惯，在启发式的教育环境下，写报告、论文对他们来说比较不陌生，虽然专业知识上美国学生不见得比外籍学生强，但是表达能力由於自小培养，加上英语能力的优势，常比外籍学生在报告、论文方面有较隹的利基。反之中国学生比较缺乏报告写作的训练，因此如果在留学过程中无法适应美式教育会比较辛苦，其实论文、报告的写作要领其实不难，只要把握技巧就可水到渠成。 通常论文由篇首(Preliminaries)，本文(Texts)以及参考资料(References)三部分构成；而这三大部分各自内容如下： (一) 篇首： 封面(Title) 序言(Preface) 谢词(Acknowledge) 提要(Summary) 目录(Tables and Appendixes) (二) 本文： 引言(Introduction) 主体，含篇(Part)、章(Chapter)、节(Section) 、以及注释(Footnotes) (三)参考资料： 参考书目(References or Bibliography) 附录资料(Appendix)。 进行论文或报告写作之前，先要确定想要表达的主题，主题确定后，将其具体表达，即为题目。题目可以提供研究者： 一.研究的方向 二.研究的范围 三.资料搜集的范围 四.预期研究成果 通常在确定题目之後就开始找资料从事研究，建议在找资料之前最好去问教授有哪些参考资
最新研究生学术英语写作教程Unit-1-Understanding-Academic-English
Unit 1 Understanding Academic English Objectives: - Learn the purpose of this course - Get to understand different voices that people often use in their communication - Understand features of academic English - Build your learning ability via the Internet - Meet your teacher and new classmates Contents - Teacher’s introduction - Reading and discussion: How’s your voice? - Language focus: word choice, and structural complexity - Writing practice: understanding different styles - Rewriting practice: consolidating academic English writing skills - Classroom extension: Internet survey on features of academic English
1.Reading Activity 1.1 Pre-reading Task Do you know how to write a paper with an academic voice? Most Chinese students use only the casual voice for their daily life purposes, which does not fit the academic writing style. When you can learn to use an academic voice and a formal writing style, you will gain authority and respect for yourself as a researcher as well as a research writer. Read the following three texts with different kinds of voice and tell what they differ in. 1.2 Reading Passage HOW’S YOUR VOICE? Casual Voice Hey, dude, no way you can sit here! Huzzah! We won! We beat ‘em! Ha! Blue Vampires. They think they’re so great. We showed ‘em. Go Aardvarks! Yuck! I hate broccoli with those nasty, stinkin’ mush-rooms. Why do we gotta have these things again, man?! www, we gotta cancel the Consultative Voice You’re not allowed to sit in this area, because it’s a safety concern. I’m so glad for our team, the great Fighting Aardvarks, and now together we celebrate this victory. I’d prefer not to have this particular vegetable again, if it’s possible. Does anyone really enjoy this combination of mushrooms and broccoli? It’s possible that our party might have to be postponed or canceled because of the Academic Voice This area must be kept clear for foot traffic. The Fighting Aardvarks claimed victory over the Blue Vampires in the final round tonight. Both teams competed well and the fans are enthusiastic. Very few people enjoy this broccoli and mushroom dish. Therefore, it will not be served again within this calendar year, or the servers will be killed. Due to the inclement weather, the Annual Tattoo Party will not
实用英语写作大纲
VII. 实用英语写作 一、课程基本情况 1．学分： 1 学时：16 （理论学时：16 实验学时：0 ）2．课程类别：限选课 3．适用专业：非英语专业本科 4．适用对象：非英语专业本科三年级学生（第五学期） 5．先修课程：大学英语 6．教材与参考书目： 教材：教师讲义 参考书：《新世纪实用英语写作》，张玉娟，陈春田，外语教学与研究出版社，2003 《英语应用文写作大全》，《英语应用文写作大全》编写组，社会科学出文献出 版社 《英语应用文写作》，杨晓钰，重庆大学出版社 《英语写作系列-英汉应用文手册》，傅似逸，北京大学出版社 《英语常用应用文写作》，韩铁椿、陈汉华，上海财经大学出版社 《实用英语写作教程》，李予军编著，国防工业出版社，2008年 《研究生英语写译教程》，杨若东、袁锡兴，中国人民大学出版社，2004 《英语论文写作》，石坚、帅培天，四川人民出版社，2005 《高级英语写作教程》，马红军、毛卓亮，中国对外翻译出版公司，2006 二、课程介绍 1．实用英语写作作为一种国际商贸动作和国际事务交往过程中必不可少的交际工具, 对贸易的缔结和双边关系的保持起着举足轻重的作用。随着全球经济一体化的迅速发展,国际商务交往日益频繁，为了增强学生在国际商务活动中的交际能力,培养复合型人才,本课程向学生提供了一个选材广泛和能体现各种商务情景的优秀范文资料库,帮助学生了解涉外英语中最常见的和最常用的各种信函的用途,使学生在学习各种信函的同时,不仅能够熟悉各种信函的英文表达法,而且能够广泛增加有关商务活动的知识,从而提高他们运用英语进行书面交际的能力。 2．本门课是专业教学计划中的普通教育必修课，与先前英语基础课的关系是其后续的专业英语课。 3．本课程的教学目的：旨在使学生掌握各类英语书信的语言特点及篇章结构；了解便条及卡片、社交信函、求职、求学申请信的起草方法和各类信件的写作方法；熟悉各类涉外证件、商务信函、对外经济贸易中的技术交流合同、保险、外贸业务相关的各类电传以及广告、产品使用说明及产品维护等信函的写作技巧等。
秦荻辉科技英语写作教程练习答案全部版
V、练习参考答案 练习1 II、 1、an（人们对这课题的兴趣越来越浓。) 2、a （功率额定值是电阻器不会引起温度太大的上升而能安全地耗散的最大功率。） 3、an（其主要的缺点是增加了噪声。） 4、The; a（该设备的成功设计需要详细地了解性能指标。） 5、the; a; a（在氢原子的布尔模型中，一个电子绕一个质子以半径为R 的圆周运转。） 6、the（频率的单位是赫兹。） 7、a; a; an; the（如果在电路的两端加上电压的话，就会有电流在电路中流动。） 8、/; /（图5－1画出了Oersted的实验。） 9、an（这里我们应该使用一个18伏的电池。） 10、A; a; a（机器是能够传递力来完成某一确定目的的一种设备。） 11、The; /（水压机将在第14章加以考虑。） 12、The; the; the（研究处于运动中的流体，是力学中较为困难的分支之一，因为可能出现的现象是多种多样的。） 13、the; the [/]（我们容易确定参数μ的值。） 14、/; the（根据式（2－1），我们得到以下的关系式。） 15、an（在这里必须使用一根S形管子。） 16、the; /（作者工作在位于阿林顿的得克萨斯大学。） 17、an（这是一只R位的变换器。） 18、An（这里必须使用一个“异”或门电路。XOR = Exclusive OR）III、 1. 2.We turn now to a discussion of local area networks. 3. optical spectrometer. 4. 5.The density of a substance is its mass per unit volume. 6.106 m. 7.
研究生学术英语写作教程Unit 5 Reporting Results
Unit 5 Reporting Results Objectives: -Understand the function and the major elements of the results section; -Learn the major steps to deal with the results section; -Use the tips for describing graphic information; -Grasp the tips for making comparison and contrast; -Learn the skills for choosing appropriate graphs and making graphs. Contents: - Teacher’s introduction; - Reading and discussion: Types of Language for Thinking and Lexical Collocational Errors; - Language focus: graphic description; comparison and contrast; -Writing practice: using graphs and describing graphs (tables and charts); - Rewriting practice: grasping the major moves for outlining the results section; - Classroom extension: descriptions of data and graphs when reporting results. 1.Reading Activity 1.1 Pre-reading Task Do you know how to report the results of your research? The standard approach to the results section of a research paper is to present the results with the statistical
英语写作大纲
《英语写作I》 课程简介 课程编号： 课程名称：英语写作I 英文名称：English writing I 课程性质：学科基础课 开课对象：非英语专业 课程学分： 前修课程： 主要参考教材： 1.丁往道等，《英语写作手册》，外语教学与研究出版社，1994 2.杨立民等，《现代大学英语（基础写作）》，外语教学与研究出版社，2005 3.吴文仲等，《实用英语写作》，外语教学与研究出版社，1997. 课程简介： 本课的目的在于培养学生初步的英语写作能力，包括提纲、文章摘要、短文以及简单的应用文。写作课的开设时间在三年级第二学期。内容的安排从如何用词和句子结构入手，要求学生根据提示作文，或模仿范文写作，或根据一定的情景进行串写，进而过渡到掌握段落写作技巧、篇章布局和短文写作。 理论教学大纲 课程性质： 中（英）文课程名称：英语写作I （English Writing I） 学分：4 学时：40 一、讲授部分 第一章文稿格式 教学目的与要求 学习写作，应明确什么是好的文稿格式。在标题的写法、纸边留空、段落开端的缩进、大写、词的移行等方面，都应遵照通行的规则。不管写什么，都要细致、认真，写得或打得整齐干净，还要尽可能避免错误。写好后，还要仔细校阅一两次，因为可能要做最后的改正或改动。经常这样练习写作，必然会取得进步。重点与难点 安排、标点 课时数：2 主要内容： (1)安排 (2)移行 (3)大写
(4)标点（结合教材第十章标点符号） (5)书法 第二章用词 教学目的与要求 从修辞学角度对词汇进行分类：一般／具体，正式／非正式，含蓄／非含蓄，文学／技术，修辞格，成语，典故，等等。在认识各类语汇性质的基础上学习不同性质语汇的具体运用。英语词汇极多：《牛津英语词典》收了四十多万个词。当然并没有人认识或需要使用这么多词。常人为了一般的目的只用其中很小的一部分。学习用英语写作的学生应先学会使用最有用也最常用的词来表达自己的思想。有时初学者会误用一些词，但他用的词往往并不全错，只是不恰当、不准确、不地道、或不生动有趣。因而对选词的方法有基本的了解是会有帮助的。 重点与难点 修辞格 课时数：6 主要内容： (1)词的类型 (2)词义 (3)一般词汇和具体词汇 (4)习语 第三章造句 教学目的与要求 写好句子是培养写作能力的基础，本章要求学生首先能写出语法正确，用词适当的句子，进而训练学生熟练掌握不同句型的运用。 重点与难点 本单元重点是英语的惯用法：固定句型，习惯用语。这是英语“地道”的重要因素。 课时数：8 主要内容： (1)完整句和不完整句 (2)句子的类型 (3)陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句 (4)简单句、并列句、复合句和并列复合句 (5)松散句、圆周句和对偶句 (6)短句和长句 (7)好的句子 (8)完整
研究生学术英语写作教程Unit6key
Unit 6 Keys for 1.3.1 Keys for 1.3.2 2.1.1 Cause: iron Effect: carcinogenesis 2.1.3 1. Firstly; 2.Furthermore; 3. because of; 4. can lead to; 5. causing; 6. cause; 7. due to 2.1.4Notes into a Causal Paragraph
There are several factors to be taken into account when studying why some plants become weak or die. One reason is lack of water. Dryness in the soil causes the leaves to wilt, and may give rise to the death of the plant. On the other hand, too much water may result in the leaves drooping, or becoming yellow. While sunshine is necessary for plants, if it is too strong, the soil may be baked and the roots killed. However, if there is no light, the leaves will become pale and the stems thin. Consequently the plant may die. Keys for 2.2.1 Examples of strengthening a claim: We observed borderline statistically significant elevated risks for … It lends strong support to … We observed a stronger positive association for … We found a positive association between red meat intake specifically and cancers of the esophagus and liver,… In contrast to our findings, childhood leukemia has been positively associated with intake of processed meats in a case-control study. Examples of weakening a claim: Our study suggests a threshold effect for red meat intake on esophageal cancer risk,… It is possible that the referent group had a smaller-than-expected cancer incidence by chance. We observed a suggestion of an elevated risk for advanced prostate cancer with both meat types. This could explain some of the inconsistencies in the literature as most previous studies have not specifically addressed advanced prostate cancer. Although breast cancer risk related to meat intake did not appear to differ by menopausal status in our study, we had very few premenopausal cases (n = 94) and lacked information on hormone receptor status for a large number of cases. Associations between saturated fat and cancer are likely to be related to energy balance in general, whereas iron is thought to contribute to carcinogenesis specifically by generating free radicals and inducing oxidative stress. An earlier start in data collection would have increased the time needed to survey more participants. Ideally, the number of participant would have been more evenly distributed across gender/year in population. A larger sample with diversity would have benefited our results. A decrease in the consumption of red and processed meat could reduce the incidence of cancer at multiple sites. Keys for 2.3 In our study, zinc supplementation did not result in a significant reduction in overall mortality in children aged 1–48 months in a population with high malaria transmission. However, there was a suggestion that the effect varied by age, with no effect on mortality in infants, and a marginally significant 18% reduction of mortality in children 12–48 months of age (p=0·045). This effect was
科技英语写作高级教程参考答案
V、练习参考答案 练习1 I、 1、the（各项均为负。) 2、the; a （功率额定值是电阻器不会引起温度太大的上升而能安全地耗散的最大功率。） 3、an（这是均方根值伏特计。） 4、The; a（该设备的成功设计需要详细地了解性能指标。） 5、the; a; a（在氢原子的布尔模型中，一个电子绕一个质子以半径为R的圆周运转。） 6、the（电阻的单位是欧姆。） 7、an （这是一个h参数。） 8、/; /（图5－1画出了Oersted的实验。） 9、A; a; a（机器是能够传递力来完成某一确定目的的一种设备。） 10、/（水压机将在第14章加以考虑。） 11、the; the [/]（我们容易确定参数μ的值。） 12、/; the（根据式（2－1），我们得到以下的关系式。） 13、the; /（作者工作在位于阿林顿的得克萨斯大学。） 14、an（甚至当积分区间并不是无穷时，能够恰当地显示一个时函数的傅氏变换的仪器是多么重要啊！） II、 1.Dr. Emmet graduated from Harvard University in 2001. 2.Professor Li earned his Ph.D. degree in mechanical engineering from the Xi’an University of Technology in 1988. 3.Now we shall turn to the discussion of local area networks. 4.The Bainbridge mass spectrometer is as important an instrument as the optical spectrometer. 5.How long a time [或How much time] is required to this experiment? 6.An increase in pressure always causes a decrease in volume. 7.Fig. (2-5) shows what is expressed by Eq. (2-2). 8.The unit of inductance is the henry. III、 1.The UASMA protocol employs a unique frame structure. 2.Finally, a broad stepped impedance transformer is designed by this method. 3.Dynamic analysis and evaluation of the security of a proactive secret sharing system 4.The approach can be applied to the one-dimensional potential barrier with an arbitrary profile.
上外高级英文写作教程复习整理
上外高级英文写作教程 复习整理
写作填空题 Exposition On the basis of controlling purpose we traditionally divide all prose into three kinds: narration, description, and exposition. Exposition is writing that explains. If the writer intends to tell us how something looks, to re-create the thing in words, we may call it description. A narrative arranges its material in time. Description most often organizes in space. Exposition organizes its subject by logic. We find that paragraphs of exposition contain two different kinds of statements. The first- a general, rather abstract statement- is called the topic sentence. The expository writer, therefore, uses the common methods of logic and thinking: he develops his material by offering examples as evidence, by comparing and contrasting, by making analogies, by restating, by giving reasons, by classifying and dividing his subject, by showing cause and effect, by defining, by arguing from premise to conclusion. Definition Definition is in fact a form of expository writing. A definition is the effort to distinguish an entity from all other things for the purpose of being able to recognize it or in some way to understand it. Methods of definition 1. Analysis. The type consists of placing a word in a large class called the genus and then differentiating the word from other members of that class. This method, as old as Aristotle, results in the dictionary kind of definition. 2. Synthesis. This form of definition relates the thing-to-be-defined to something already familiar to the reader or listener. It often reveals the thing-to-be-defined as part of some larger whole. 3. Negative Definition. Which helps to define a thing by making clear what it is not. 4. Exemplification. Often appearing as an aid to definition by analysis or by synthesis is definition by example. 5. Synonyms. Almost as familiar as definition by example is definition by synonyms. Types of definition 1. Consensual Definition 2. Stipulative Definition 3. Normative Definition Judgment Judgment, requires the writer to look at both sides of an issue, to find out what evidence exists and present it clearly, and finally to draw a conclusion. In argument persuasion is the main purpose. The writer of argument must perforce take sides, be attorney either for the plaintiff or for the defense. The writer of judgment is more like a referee. He must listen to what can be said both for and against, and then he must decide-as objectively and as intelligently as he can- where the truth lies. Good judgment writing requires more than facility with words. One must begin by learning what he can about the matter in hand. Secondly, the writer of judgment must present the facts clearly and in coherent order. Finally, since facts alone are often not enough, the writer needs to be able to draw the proper inferences. Argument The essence of the argument is reason, and reason may work in two ways: by deduction and by induction. The first argues from general premise to particular conclusion; the second from particular fact to broad conclusion. Deductive argumentation is usually cast in the form of a logical syllogism. At its simplest a syllogism contains two premises and an inference that necessarily follows from them. If the major premise and the minor premise are true, the inference, or conclusion The student who wishes to argue well should consult 1) a good textbook, 2) master at least the rudiments of logic, 3) and train himself to detect the common fallacies.