四六级翻译分类整合讲课稿

四六级翻译分类整合

四六级翻译真题整合

经济类

1.中国是世界上最古老的文明之一。构成现在世界基础的许多元素都起源于中国。中国现在拥有世界上发展最快的经济，并经历着一次新的工业革命。中国还启动了雄心勃勃的太空探索计划，其实包括到2020年建成一个太空站。目前，中国是世界上最大的出口国之一，并正在吸引大量外国投资。同时，它也在海外投资数十亿美元。2011年，中国超越日本成为第二大经济体。

China is one of the world’s oldest civilizations. Many elements which formed the basis of the modern world originated from China. Now, China has the world’s fastest growing economy, experiencing a new industrial revolution. It also has launched an ambitious space exploration plan, including building a space station by 2020. At present, as one of the world’s largest exporters, China is attracting a large number of foreign investments. At the same time, it has invested billions of dollars abroad as well. In 2011, China overtook Japan becoming the second largest economy in the world.

2.据报道，今年中国快递服务(courier service)将递送大约120亿件包裹。这将使中国有可能赶超美国成为世界上最大的快递市场。大多数包裹里装着网上订购的物品。中国给数百万在线零售商以极具竞争力的价格销售商品的机会，仅在11月11日，中国消费者就从国内最大的购物平台买了价值90亿美元的商品。中国有不少这样的特殊购物日。因此，快递能在中国扩展就不足为奇了。

It is reported that China’s courier service will deliver about 12 billion parcels this year. This will make it possible for China to overtake the United States becoming the world’s largest express market. Most parcels are packed with items ordered online. In China, there are opportunities for millions of online retailers to sell their products at competitive prices. Only on the day of November 11th, Chinese consumers have bought $9 billion worth of commodities on the nation’s largest shopping platform alone. China has many such special shopping days, so it is no wonder that courier service in China have expanded.

3.中国应进一步发展核能，因为核电目前只占其总发电量的2%，该比例在所有核国家中居第30位，几乎是最低的。

2011年3月日本核电站事故后，中国的核能开发停了下来，中止审批新的核电站，并开展全国性的核安全检查。到2012年10月，审批才又谨慎地恢复。

随着技术和安全措施的改进，发生核事故的可能性完全可以降低到最低程度。换句话说，核能是可以完全开发和利用的。

China should take a further step to develop nuclear energy, because nuclear power currently accounts for only 2% of the total generating capacity. The proportion ranks 30th among all nuclear-capable countries, which almost the lowest.

After the accident of Japanese nuclear power station in March 2011, China stopped its nuclear energy development, with approvals for new nuclear power plants suspended.

National nuclear safety inspection was carried out. It was not until October, 2012 that examination and approval has been restored carefully

With the improvement of technology and safety measures, the possibility of nuclear accidents can be dropped to a minimum extent. In other words, the nuclear energy can be exploited and utilized safely.

4.深圳是中国广东省一座新开发的城市。在改革开放之前，深圳不过是一个渔村，仅有三万多人。20世纪80年代，中国政府创建了深圳经济特区，作为实

施社会主义市场经济的试验田。如今，深圳的人口已超过1,000万，整个城市发生了巨大的变化。

到2014年，深圳的人均（per-capita）GDP已达25,000美元，相当于世界上一些发达国家的水平。就综合经济实力而言，深圳居于中国顶尖城市之列。由于其独特的地位，深圳也是国内外企业家创业的理想之地。

Shenzhen is a newly-developed city in Guangdong province, China. Before the implementation of reform and opening-up policy, it was no more than a fishing village only with a population of over 30 thousand. In the 1980s, Chinese government established Shenzhen Special Economic Zone as the experimental plot for the implementation of socialist market economy. Currently, the whole city has undergone tremendous changes, the population of which has exceeded 10 million.

By 2014, the per-capita GDP of Shenzhen has reached 25 thousand dollars, equivalent to that of some developed countries in the world. As for its overall economic power, Shenzhen is listed among the top cities in China. Due to its unique status, it is also an ideal place for the entrepreneurs at home and abroad to start up their business.

5.自从1978年启动改革以来，中国已从计划经济转为以市场为基础的经济，经历了经济和社会的快速发展。年均10%的GDP增长已使五亿多人脱贫。联合国的“千年（millennium）发展目标”在中国均已达到或即将达到。目前，中国

的第十二个五年规划强调发展服务业和解决环境及社会不平衡的问题。政府已设定目标减少污染，提高能源效率，改善得到教育和医保的机会，并扩大社会保障。中国现在7%的经济年增长目标表明政府是在重视生活质量而不是增长速度。

Since the reform was launched in 1978, China has transformed from a planned economy into a market-based economy, experiencing rapid economic and social development. GDP growth rate has reached 10% annually which has made more than five hundred million people out of poverty. The “Millennium D evelopment Goals” of the United Nations has been fulfilled or are about to be achieved in China. At present, the 12th five-year plan in China emphasizes the development of service industry and solutions to environmental and social imbalance. The government has set up a goal to reduce pollution, improve energy efficiency，enhance the chance to education and health care, and enlarge the social insurance. 7% of annual economic growth target in China shows that the government attaches great importance to the quality of life rather than the growth rate.

6.在帮助国际社会于2030年前消除极端贫困过程中，中国正扮演着越来越重要的角色。

自20世纪70年代末实施改革开放以来，中国已使多达四亿人摆脱了贫困。在未来五年中，中国将向其他发展中国家在减少贫困、发展教育、农业现代化、环境保护和医疗保健等方面提供援助。

中国在减少贫困方面取得了显著进步，并在促进经济增长方面作出了不懈努力，这将鼓励其他贫困国家应对自身发展中的挑战。在寻求具有自身特色的发展道路时，这些国家可以借鉴中国的经验。

China is playing an increasingly important role in helping the international community to eradicate extreme poverty by 2030.

Since the implementation of reform and opening up in the late 1970s, China has helped as many as 400 million people to get rid of poverty. In the next five years, China will provide assistance to other developing countries in poverty reduction, education development, agricultural modernization, environmental protection and health care.

China has made remarkable progress in poverty alleviation, and it has made unremitting efforts to promote economic growth, which will encourage other poor countries to cope with challenges during their own development. These countries can learn from China’s experience in seeking the path of development with their own characteristics.

教育类

1.中国父母往往过于关注孩子的学习，以至于不要他们帮忙做家务。他们对孩子的首要要求就是努力学习，考得好，能上名牌大学。他们相信这是为孩子好，因为在中国这样竞争激烈的社会里，只有成绩好才能保证前途光明。中国父母还认为，如果孩子能在社会上取得大的成就，父母就会受到尊敬。因此，他们愿意牺牲自己的时间、爱好和兴趣，为孩子提供更好的条件。

Chinese parents tend to focus so much on their children’s study that children are not requested to do chores. The primary requirement for their children is to study hard, achieve good performances in the exams and then enroll in a prestigious university. They contend that all they have done are of great benefit to their children because in China, a highly competitive society, scoring good marks could ensure a promising future. Chinese parents also believe that parents will be honored if their children can achieve great success in society. Therefore, they are willing to sacrifice their own time, hobbies and interests to create better conditions for children.

2.中国的教育工作者早就认识到读书对于国家的意义。有些教育工作者2003年就建议设立全民读书日。他们强调，人们应当读好书，尤其是经典著作。通过阅读，人们能更好的学会感恩、有责任心和与人合作，而教育的目的正是要培养这些基本素质。阅读对于中小学生尤为重要，假如他们没有在这个关键时期培养阅读的兴趣，以后要培养成阅读的习惯就跟难了。

Chinese educators have already realized the significance of reading for a nation. Some of them in 2003 suggested that we should have a national reading day. They emphasized that people should read good books especially the classical ones. Through

reading, people can learn better how to be grateful, responsible and cooperative. The goal of education is to cultivate these basic personalities. Reading is especially important for students in middle and primary school. Suppose they don't nurture the interest of reading at that key moment, it will be harder to develop a habit to read books later.

3.为了促进教育公平，中国已经投入360亿元，用于改善农村地区教育设施和加强中西部地区农村义务教育(compulsory education)。这些资金用于改善教学设施、购买书籍，使16万多所中小学收益。资金还用于购置音乐和绘画器材。现在农村和山区的儿童可以与沿海城市的儿童一样上音乐和绘画课。一些为接受更好教育而转往城市上学的学生如今又回到了本地农村学校就读。

In order to promote education equality, China has invested 36 billion yuan to improve educational facilities in rural areas and strengthen rural compulsory education in central and western regions. These funds are used to improve teaching facilities and purchase books, benefiting more than 160,000 middle and primary schools. Funds are used to purchase musical instrument and painting tools as well. Now children in rural and mountainous areas can have access to music and painting lessons as children from coastal cities do. Some students who have transferred to city schools to receive a better education now return to their local rural schools.

4.中国将努力确保到2015年就业者接受过平均13.3年的教育。如果这一目标得以实现，今后大部分进入劳动力市场的人都需获得大学文凭。

在未来几年，中国将着力增加职业学院的招生人数：除了关注高等教育外，还将寻找新的突破以确保教育制度更加公平。中国正在努力最佳地利用教育资源，这样农村和欠发达地区将获得更多的支持。

教育部还决定改善欠发达地区学生的营养，并为外来务工人员的子女提供在城市接受教育的同等机会。

China will endeavor to ensure that every employee will have received education of average 13.3 years. If the goal is achieved, a majority of people entering the labor market will need a b achelor’s degree.

In the next few years, China will strengthen its effort to increase the number of enrollment in vocational college. Except focusing on the higher education, the government will find a new breakthrough to make sure the justice of education. China is trying to optimize education resources accordingly from which the countryside as well as the less developed areas will gain more support.

In addition, the Education Ministry decides to improve the nutrition of students in less developed areas and provides equal opportunities for the children of migrant workers to receive education in cities.

文化类

1.云南省的丽江古镇是中国著名的旅游目的地之一。那里的生活节奏比大多数中国城市都要缓慢。丽江到处都是美丽的自然风光，众多的少数民族同胞提供了各式各样，丰富多彩的文化让游客体验。历史上，丽江还以“爱之城”而闻

名。当地人中流传着许多因爱而生，为爱而死的故事。如今，在中外游客眼中，这个古镇被视为爱情和浪漫的天堂。

Lijiang, an ancient town of Yunnan Province, is one of the most famous tourist sites. The pace of life there is slower than that of most cities of China. Natural beauties are scattered everywhere in Lijiang and many ethnical minorities provide tourists with a great variety of cultural experience. Many stories about living for love and dying for love have circulated among the locals, thus Lijiang is also known as the “city of love” in history. Nowadays, for tourists home and abroad, the ancient town is seen as the paradise of love and romance.

2.旗袍(qipao)是一种雅致的中国服装,源于中国的满族(Manchu Nationality)。在清代,旗袍是王室女性穿着的宽松长袍。上世纪20年代，受西方服饰的影响，旗

袍发生了一些变化。袖口（cuffs）变窄，袍身变短。这些变化使女性美得以充分展现。

如今，旗袍经常出现在世界级的时装秀上。中国女性出席重要社交聚会时，旗袍往往是她们的首选。很多中国新娘也会选择旗袍作为结婚礼服。一些有影响的人士甚至建议将旗袍作为中国女性的民族服饰。

Qipao, a kind of exquisite Chinese dress, originates from China’s Manchu Nationality. In Qing Dynasty, it was a loose robe designed for the royal women. In the 1920s, influenced by Western clothing, it went through some changes. For example, the cuffs went narrower, and the gown shorter. These changes enabled Qipao to fully elaborate women’s beauty.

Nowadays, Qipao quite often appears in world-class fashion shows. It is usually the first choice for Chinese women as they attend social parties. Meanwhile, many Chinese brides will select it as their wedding dress. Some influential figures even suggest making it as the national costume for Chinese women.

3.在西方人心目中，和中国联系最为密切的基本食物是大米。长期以来，大米

在中国人的饮食中占据很重要的地位，以至于有谚语说“巧妇难为无米之炊”。中国南方大多数种植水稻，人们通常以大米为主食;而华北大部分地区因为过于寒冷或过于干燥，无法种植水稻，那里的主要作物是小麦。在中国，有些人用面粉做面包，但大多数人用面粉做馒头和面条。

In the eyes of Westerners, the basic food that is most closely connected with China is rice. For a long time, rice plays such an important role in Chinese people’s diet that there is a very famous proverb goes like this: Even a clever housewife cannot cook a meal without rice (You cannot make bricks without straw). Most rice is grown in southern China where people usually eat rice as staple food. While it is too cold or too dry to grow rice in most areas of northern China, wheat is the main crop. In China, some people make bread with flour, but most people use it to make steamed buns and noodles.

4.大熊猫是一种温顺的动物，长着独特的黑白皮毛。因其数量极少，大熊猫已

被列为濒危物种。大熊猫对于世界自然基金会(WWF)有着特殊意义。自1961年该基金会成立以来，大熊猫就一直是它的徽标。大熊猫是熊科中最稀有的成

员，主要生活在中国西南部的森林里。目前，世界上大约有1000只大熊猫。这些以竹为食的动物正面临许多威胁。因此，确保大熊猫的生存比以往更重要。Panda is a kind of docile animal, with unique black-and-white fur. Due to its scarcity, panda has been listed as the endangered species. Panda is of great importance to WWF and has been the logo of WWF since its foundation in 1961. It is the rarest member among the bear family, living mainly in the forests of the Southwest China. Up to now there are about 1000 pandas all over the world .These animals which live on bamboo face many threats. Therefore to ensure it’s survival is of greater importance than before.

5.中国传统的待客之道要求饭菜丰富多样，让客人吃不完。中国宴席上典型的

菜单包括开席的一套凉菜及其后的热菜，例如：肉类，鸡鸭，蔬菜等。大多数宴席上，全鱼被认为是必不可少的，除非已经上过各式海鲜。如今，中国人喜欢把西方特色菜与传统中式菜肴溶于一席，因此牛排上桌也不少见。沙拉也已流行起来，尽管传统上中国人一般不吃任何未经烹饪的菜肴。宴席通常至少有一道汤，可以最先或最后上桌。甜点和水果通常标志宴席的结束。

In China, the traditional way of entertaining guests is to serve various and dishes making them impossible to finish. Typical menus of Chinese banquet include cold dishes to start then followed by hot ones, for example，meat, poultry and vegetables. In most banquets, the whole fish dish is considered indispensable, unless various kinds of seafood have been served. Nowadays, Chinese people tend to mix Western specials with traditional Chinese dishes. Thus, steak is not rare. Traditionally，although the Chinese do not eat any of the uncooked dishes, salads is also catching on. The banquet usually has at least a bowl of soup that can be offered as the first or the final dish. Desserts and fruits usually mean the end of the feast.

6.汉朝是中国历史上最重要的朝代之一，汉朝统治期间有很多显著的成就。它

最先向其他文化敞开大门，对外贸易兴旺。汉朝开拓的丝绸之路通向了中西亚乃至罗马。各类艺术一派繁荣，涌现了很多文学历史哲学巨著。公元100年中

国第一部字典编撰完成，收入9000个字，提供释义并列举不同的写法。期间科技方面也取得很大进步。发明了纸张，水钟，日晷（sundials）以及测量地震的仪器。汉朝经历了四百年，但统治者的腐败导致了它的灭亡。

With a lot of remarkable achievements during its reign, the Han dynasty is one of the most important dynasties in Chinese history. As the first dynasty opening the door to other cultures, its foreign trade was prosperous. The Silk Road paved by the Han dynasty led to the Central and West Asia and even to Rome. Various kinds of art schools thriving, many great works in literature, history and philosophy emerged. The first dictionary in China was compiled in 100 BC, embodying 9000 words. It provided meanings and different ways of writing. In the meanwhile, great progress was made on science and technology. Paper, water clock, sundials and instruments used to detect earthquake were invented. The Han Dynasty lasted for 400 years but rulers’corruption resulted in its downfall.

7.反应在艺术和文学中的乡村生活理想是中国文明的重要特征。这在很大程度上归功于道家(Taoist)对自然的感情。传统中国画有两个最受青睐的主题，一是家庭生活的各种幸福场景，画中往往有老人在下棋饮茶，男人在耕耘收割，妇女在织布缝衣，小孩在户外玩耍。另一个则是乡村生活的种种乐趣，画有渔夫在湖上打渔，农夫在山上砍柴采药，或是书生坐在松树下吟诗作画。这两个主题可以分别代表儒家(Confucian)和道家的生活理想。

The ideal of country life reflected in the art and literature is an important feature of Chinese civilization, which greatly can be attributed to Taoist affection to nature. There are two most popular topics in the traditional Chinese painting. One is the various happy scenes about family life, in which seniors often play chess and drink tea while man sow and harvest, woman weave and children play outside. The other scene portrays all kinds of pleasures about country life. In these paintings, the fisherman fishes on the lake, with the farmer cutting wood and gathering herbs in the mountains and the scholar composing poetry and painting pictures under the pine trees. The two themes represent Confucian and Taoist life ideal respectively.

8.在中国，父母总是竭力帮助孩子，甚至为孩子做重要决定，而不管孩子想要什么，因为他们相信这样做是为孩子好。结果，孩子的成长和教育往往屈从于父母的意愿。

如果父母决定为孩子报名参加一个课外班，以增加其被重点学校录取的机会，他们会坚持自己的决定，即使孩子根本不感兴趣。

然而在美国，父母可能会尊重孩子的意见，并在决策时更注重他们的意见。

中国父母十分重视教育或许值得称赞。然而，他们应该向美国父母学习在涉及教育时如何平衡父母与子女间的关系。

Parents in China are always trying to help their children, even to make the most important decision for them, regardless of what the children really want, because parents believe it is good for their children.

As a result, children’s growth and education tend to give way to their parents’ wills. Once the parents decide to sign up an afterschool class for their children in order to increase their chance of being admitted to a prestigious school, they will stick to their decision, even if their children have no interest in it at all.

In America, however, parents tend to respect their children, especially when making decisions.

Perhaps it is commendable that Chinese parents lay much emphasis on education, but Chinese parents still need to learn how to keep balance between parents and children on education as the American parents do.

环保类

1.北京计划未来三年投资7600亿元治理污染，从减少pm

2.5排放入手。这一新公布的计划旨在减少四种主要污染源，包括500万辆机动车的尾气排放、周边地区燃煤、来自北方的沙尘暴和本地的建筑灰尘，另外850亿元用于新建或升级城市垃圾处理和污水处理设施，加上300亿元投资未来三年的植树造林。

市政府还计划建造一批水循环利用工厂，并制止违章建筑，以改善环境。另外，北京还将更严厉地处罚违反减排规定的行为。

Beijing is going to invest 760 billion yuan in next three years to control pollution, beginning with reducing the emission of PM 2.5 . This newly announced project aims to reduce four main sources of pollution, including exhaust from 5000 thousand motor vehicles, coal-burning in surrounding areas, sandstorms from the north and local construction dust. Another 85 billion yuan is used to build or upgrade the facilities of disposing garbage and sewage of the city. In addition, 30 billion will be added to support forestation programs in next three years.

The municipal government also plans to build some water-recycling plants and prohibit illegal constructions to improve the environment. Furthermore, Beijing will punish those who violate the regulation of emission-reduction more severely.

2.2011年是中国城市化(urbanization)进程中的历史性时刻，其城市人口首次超过农村人口。在未来20年里，预计约有

3.5亿农村人口将移居到城市。如此规模的城市对城市交通来说既是挑战，也是机遇。中国政府一直提倡“以人为本”的发展理念。强调人们以公交而不是私家车出行。它还号召建设“资源节约和环境友好型”社会。有了这个明确的目标，中国城市就可以更好地规划其发展，并把大量投资转向安全、清洁和经济型交通系统的发展上。

The year of 2011 is a historic moment in the process of urbanization in China as its population exceeded the rural population for the first time. In the next 20 years, about 350 million rural population will move into the city. Such scale of urban development is both a challenge and an opportunity for urban transportation. The Chinese government has always advocated the idea of “t aking man as foremost”. It stresses that people should take buses instead of private cars to travel. It also calls for the construction of “reso urce-saving and environment-friendly” society. With this clear goal, cities in China can better plan their development and turn a lot of investment to the safe, clean and economic transportation system.

社会类

1.今年在长沙举行了一年一度的外国人汉语演讲比赛，这项比赛证明是促进中国和世界其他地区文化交流的好方法。它为世界各地的年轻人提供了更好地了解中国的机会。

来自87个国家共计126位选手聚集在湖南省省会参加了从7月6日到8月5日进行的半决赛和决赛。

比赛并不是唯一的活动，选手们还有机会参观了中国其他地区的著名景点和历史，名胜。

The annual Chinese Speech Contest for Foreigners was held in Changsha this year, which proved to be a good way to promote cultural exchanges between China and other regions around world. It allows young people all over the world to have a better understanding of China.

A total of 126 players from 87 countries gathered in the capital of Hunan province to participate in the semi-final and the final from July 6th to August 5th.

Competition is not the only activity. Players also have a chance to visit famous and historical attractions in other parts of China.

2.中文热词通常反映社会变化和文化，有些在外国媒体上愈来愈流行。例如，土豪(tuhao)和大妈(dama)都是老词，但是已获取了新的意义。

土豪以前指欺压佃户和仆人的乡村地主，现在用于指花钱如流水或者喜欢炫耀财富的人，也就是说，土豪有钱，但没有品位。大妈是对中年妇女的称呼，但现在特指不久前金价下跌时大量购买黄精的中国妇女。

土豪和大妈可能会被人收入新版牛津(Oxford)英语词典，至今已有约120个中文词被加进了牛津英语词典，成为了英语语言的一部分。

The Chinese buzzwords usually reflect social changes and culture, some of which are increasingly popular with foreign media. Tuhao and dama, for example, are both old words, but they have gained different meanings now。

The word “tuhao” used to refer to rural landlords who oppress their tenants and servants, while now it means people spending money without limits or those showing off all around. That is, tuhao owns money rather than taste. The word dama is used to describe middle-aged women. However, it is regarded as a special word to call those Chinese women who rushed to purchase gold when the gold price decreased sharply not long ago。

Tuhao and dama may be included in the new Oxford dictionary. Up to now, about 120 Chinese words have been listed in it, becoming a part of the English language.

3.最近，中国政府决定将其工业升级。中国现在涉足建造高速列车，远洋船舶，机器人，甚至飞机。不久前，中国获得了在印度尼西亚(Indonesia)建造一条高铁的合同;中国还与马拉西亚签署了为其提供高速列车的合同。这证明人们信赖中国造产品。

中国造产品越来越受欢迎。中国为此付出了代价，但这确实有助于消除贫困，同时还为世界各地的人们提供了就业机会。这是一件好事，值得称赞。下次你去商店时，可能想看一看你所购商品的出产国名。很有可能这件商品是中国造的。

Recently, the Chinese government has decided to upgrade its industry. China is now involved in building high-speed trains, ocean-going ships, robots, and even the planes. Not long ago, China won the contract of building a high-speed railway in Indonesia. China also signed a contract with Malaysia to provide high-speed trains for them. All these prove that goods made-in-China is widely trusted.

Goods made-in-China has become increasingly popular. Although China has paid prices for it, it not only helps to eliminate poverty but also provides employment chances for people all over the world. This is a good thing worthy of being highly praised. You may want to take a look at which country your goods come from when you go to the store next time. Chances are that it is made in China.

科技类

中国的创新正以前所未有的速度蓬勃发展。为了在科学技术上尽快赶超世界发达国家，中国近年来大幅度增加了研究开发资金。中国的大学和研究所正在积极开展创新研究，这些研究覆盖了从大数据到生物化学，从新能源到机器人等各类高科技领域。它们还与各地的科技园合作，使创新成果商业化。与此同

时，无论在产品还是商业模式上，中国企业家也在努力争做创新的先锋，以适应国内外消费市场不断变化和增长的需求。

China’s innovation is flourishing at an unprecedented rate. In order to surpass other developed countries on science and technology as soon as possible, China has increased research and development fund greatly. Chinese universities and research institutes are actively doing innovative researches, covering various fields of high technology, from big data to biochemistry, and from new energy to robots. They also cooperate with Science and Technology Zones from all corners of the world, so as to commercialize their fruits of innovation. In the meantime, to adapt to the constantly changing market at home and abroad, and to satisfy the growing demand, Chinese entrepreneurs are also making pioneering efforts in products and business models.