because是从属连词
because是从属连词，接表示直接原因的从句，一般放在主句的后面，也可放在主句前面，它表示的语气最强，在回答why的问句时，必须用because。
例如：The swimming pool won't be open today because they're making repairs.
游泳池今天不开放，因为他们在修理。
Why did you move to France?
你们为什么搬到法国？
Because my father found work in Paris.
因为我父亲在巴黎找到了工作。
注意：在英语中用了because后，不可再用so。
since 意为"既然"，表示对方已知的无需加以说明的原因或事实，语气比because弱，但是比as 强。
例如：Since we have no money, we can't buy that vase.
既然我们没钱，我们就不能买那花瓶。
Since everybody is here, let's begin our party.
既然大家都到了，那就开始我们的聚会吧！
because是从属连词，接表示直接原因的从句，一般放在主句的后面，也可放在主句前面，它表示的语气最强，在回答why的问句时，必须用because。
例如：The swimming pool won't be open today because they're making repairs.
游泳池今天不开放，因为他们在修理。
Why did you move to France?
你们为什么搬
4．过去分词由原形去字母e后，再双写后面的辅音字母加-en构成（＊例外）
hide-hid-hidden ride-rode-ridden write-wrote-written forg et-forgot-forgotten＊
5．过去分词由过去式加-n构成
break-broke-broken choose-chose-chosen freeze-froze-frozen speak-spoke-spoken steal-stole-stolen
6．完全不规则形式
am /
is-was-been are-were-been fly-flew-flown lie-lay-lain wear-wore-worn
二．过去式与过去分词形式相同
bring-brought-brought build-built-built buy-bought-bought
catch-caught-caught
dig-dug-dug feel-felt-felt find-found-found
get-got-got
have /
has-had-had hold-held-held keep-kept-kept leave-left-left lay-laid-laid lend-lent-lent lose-lost-lost pay-pa id-paid
hear-heard -heard make-made-made mean-meant-meant me et-met-met
say-said-said sell-sold-sold send-sent-sent sit-sat -sat
sleep-slept-slept smell-smelt-smelt spend-spent-spent spill -spilt-spilt
spit-spat-spat spoil-spoilt-spoilt stand-stood-stood swe ep-swept-swept
teach-taught-taught tell-told-told think-thought-thought win -won-won
understand-understood-understood wake-woke / waked-woken / waked
shine-shone / shined-shone / shined hang-hung / hanged-hung / hanged
learn-learnt / learned-learnt / learned
三．原形、过去式与过去分词三种形式完全相同
cost-cost-cost cut-cut-cut hit-hit-hit hurt-hu rt-hurt
let-let-let put-put-put set-set-set shu t-shut-shut
read /ri:d/-read /red/-read /red/
四．i-a-u变化形式
begin-began-begun drink-drank-drunk ring-rang-rung sin g-sang-sung
sink-sank-sunk swim-swam-swum
五．过去分词与原形相同
come-came-come run-ran-run become-became-become
六．情态动词（没有过去分词形式）
can-could must-must will-would may-might
shall-should
1 AAA型（动词原形、过去式、过去分词同形）
bet cast cost cut hit打 hurt伤害） let让 put放置
read（读）read read rid免除set安置
spread (伸展/传播) spread spread
quit放弃quit/quitted，quit / quitted
spit吐出spat / spit, spat / spit
wet淋湿wet / wetted ,wet / wetted
2 AAB型（动词原形与过去式同形）
beat（跳动）beat beaten
(3) ABA型（动词原形与过去分词同形）
become（变成）became become come（来）came come
run（跑）ran run
(4) ABB型（过去式与过去分词同形）
bend使弯曲bent，bent
bring拿来brought，brought
build建造built，built
burn燃烧burnt / burned，burnt / burned
buy买bought，bought
catch捕捉caught，caught
deal分配dealt，dealt
dig（挖）dug dug
dream做梦dreamed / dreamt，dreamed / dreamt feed喂fed，fed
feel触摸felt，felt
fight作战fought，fought
find找出found，found
flee (逃跑) fled fled
get（得到）got got
hang（吊死）hanged hanged
hang（悬挂）hung hung
have / has有had，had
hear听到heard，heard
hold（抓住）held held
keep保持kept，kept
lay (产卵) laid laid
lead引导led，led
learn学习learnt / learned，learnt / learned leave离开left，left
lend借贷lent，lent
light点着lit / lighted，lit / lighted
lose遗失lost，lost
make制作made，made
mean表…意思meant，meant
meet遇到met，met
pay支付paid，paid
prove证明proved，proved / proven
quit放弃quit/quitted，quit / quitted
rebuild改建rebuilt，rebuilt
retell复述retold ,retold
saw锯sawed ,sawed / sawn
say说said ,said
seek寻觅sought ,sought
sell卖sold ,sold
send送/寄sent ,sent
sew缝合sewed ,sewn / sewed
shine发光shone ,shone 擦亮shined ,shined
shoot放（炮）shot ,shot
sink下沉sank / sunk，sunk / sunken
sit坐sat，sat
sleep睡slept ,slept
smell发出气味smelt ,smelt
sow种植sowed ,sown / sowed
spell拼写spelt / spelled ,spelt / spelled
spend花费spent ,spent
stand站立stood ,stood
sweep打扫swept ,swept
spit吐出spat / spit, spat / spit
stick (粘贴/刺) stuck stuck
teach教taught ,taught
tell告诉told, told
think思考thought ,thought
understand了解understood ,understood
wet淋湿wet / wetted ,wet / wetted
win获胜won, won
(5) ABC型（动词原形、过去式与过去分词三者不同形）arise出现arose，arisen
awake醒来awoke，awaked / awoken
be(am / is / are)是was / were，been
begin（开始）began begun
bite咬bit，bitten
blow吹blew，blown
break打破broke，broken
choose选择chose，chosen
do / does做did，done
draw画，拉，拖drew，drawn
drink（喝）drank drunk
drive驾驶drove，driven
eat吃ate，eaten
fall掉落fell，fallen
fly飞flew，flown
forbid禁止forbad，forbidden
forget忘记forgot，forgotten
forgive原谅forgave forgiven
freeze结冰froze frozen
give给gave，given
go去went，gone
grow成长grew，grown
hide（躲藏）hid hidden
know知道knew，known
lie躺lay，lain
mistake误认mistook，mistaken
misunderstand误会misunderstood，misunderstood
ride骑rode ,ridden
ring（铃响）rang rung
rise上升rose, risen
see看saw seen
shake摇shook ,shaken
show显露showed，shown
sing唱歌sang ,sung
speak说spoke ,spoken
spring跳跃sprang / sprung ,sprung
steal偷stole ,stolen
swim游泳swam ,swum
take拿took, taken
tear撕裂tore ,torn
throw投/扔threw, thrown
wake醒着woke / waked ,waked / woken
wear穿着wore, worn
write书写wrote, written
动词原形中文意思过去式过去分词
can 能 could
may 可以 might
shall 将 should
will 将 would
（５）现在分词（也可总结为规则以ie结尾改为y + ing）die（死）dying dying
lie（躺，平放，说谎）lying lying
tie（系,打结）tying tying
引导让步状语从句的从属连词
引导让步状语从句的从属连词 引导让步状语从句的从属连词主要的有?a lthough, though, even though, even if, while, however, whatever, whoever, whenever, wherever等： Although [Though] he is poor, he is well contented. 他虽穷却能知足常乐。 Though [Even though] it’s hard work, I enjoy it. 尽管是苦活，但我乐意干。 Even if you don’t like wine, try a glass of this. 即使你不喜欢喝酒，也尝尝这杯吧。 While we don’t agree we continue to be friends. 尽管我们意见不同，但我们还是朋友。 However you use it, it won’t break. 不管你怎么使用，它都不会破。 Whatever you say, I believe you. 无论你说什么，我都相信你。 Whoever telephones, tell them I’m out. 不管是谁打电话，都说我出去了。 Whenever you come, you are welcome. 你什么时候来，我们都欢迎。 However much he eats, he never gets fat. 无论他吃多少?,他都不发胖。 英语微信群是目前学习英语最有效的方法，群里都是说英语，没有半个中文，而且规则非常严格，是一个超级不错的英语学习环境，群里有好多英语超好的超牛逼的人，还有鬼佬和外国美眉。其实坦白说，如果自己一个人学习英语太孤独，太寂寞，没有办法坚持，好几次都会半途而废。只要你加入到那个群里以后，自己就会每天都能在群里坚持学，坚持不停地说和练，由于是付费群，群里的成员学习氛围非常强，每天的训练度都非常猛，本来很懒惰的你一下子就被感染了，不由自主地被带动起来参与操练，不好意思偷懒，别人的刻苦学习精神会不知不觉影响你，EYC英语微信群（群主vx 601332975）可以彻底治好你的拖延症，里面学员都非常友好，总是给你不断的帮助和鼓励，让你学英语的路上重新燃起了斗志，因为每天都在运用，你的英语口语就能得到了迅猛的提升，现在可以随便给一个话题，都能用英文滔滔不绝的发表5分钟以上对这个话题的看法和观点，想提高英语口语的可以加入进来，It really works very well.
并列连词与从属连词
并列连词和从属连词 连词是一种虚词，它不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词，短语与短语以及句与句的作用。连词主要可分为两类：并列连词和从属连词。并列连词用来连接平行的词、词组和分句。如：and, but, or, nor, so, therefore, yet, however, for, hence, as well as, both…and, not only…but also, either…or, neither…nor, (and)then 等等。 1. 并列连词并列连词用来连接属于同一层次并具有相同句法功能的词；短语或句子。并列连词包括：基本并列连词如and, or , but , 关联连词如either...or , neither...nor , not only...but also ,both ...and, whether...or 等；介于并列连词与从属连词之间的连词；介于并列连词与从属连词或介词之间的结构如as well as , as much as, rather than , more than, no less than 等；此外还有些'半连接词'，一些语法学家把它们称为连接副词，如nevertheless, however, meanwhile, otherwise, likewise 等，它们在句中做连接性状语。这类连词主要是从逻辑上，而不是从形式上连接句子，其关系比较松散。 1) 表示意义转折和对比的并列连词 常见的有：but , while, whereas, still, yet , nevertheless, likewise, anyway , only , conversely , on the contrary, by this time, all the same , fortunately, on the other hand , in the meantime 等词语。 2) 表示选择的并列连词 常见的有：or, whether...or, either...or, otherwise 等。例如： Either ...or 和whether...or 表示选择，其意义比单用or 要强，但由whetrher...or 构成的并列结构一般只能担任句子的从属成分。上例中最后一句，whether...or 结构在句中担任句子的从属成分。Either ...or 和or 一样，可以连接两个并列的独立分句，而whether...or 则不可以。or 用于表示否定的条件意义时，有时可与连用。 Or 连接主语时，如主语都是单数，动词则取单数形式；如主语都是复数，动词则取复数形式，如果主语有的是复数，动词则取复数形式，如果主语有的是单数，有的是复数，动词的数则与它靠近的主语的数相一致。 连接两个主语时，动词的数也应与靠近他的主语的数相一致。例如： Neither he nor I am a good student. 3) 表示因果意义的并列并列连词 常见的有：for ,so ,therfore ,hence ,thus, accordingly, consepuently, on that account, in that case 等。例如：The fuel must have beeenfinished, for the engine stopped. It rained , therefore the game was called off. 表示原因的并列连词只有for ，它所引导的分句只是对前一分句补充说明理由或推断原因。for 引导的分句只能置于句末，而且必须用逗号与前一分句隔开。上面所提到的so,therefore 等词，有的语法学家把它们做为连接性状语。 4) 表示联合关系的并列连词 常见的有：and, both...and, neither...nor, not only... but also 等。 当neither...nor, not only ...but also 连接主语时，动词的数则与靠近它的主语的数相一致。Both ...and 不能连接两个以上的并列成分，也不能连接分句。例如：误：Both Mary swept the floor and Nancy mopped it. 5) 其它并列连词 常见的有：as well as, more than, rather than, no less than 等. (1) as well as 表示'同' 和'也' 的意义 as well as 用作并列连词时它意义相当于not only...but also, 但侧重点在后一并列成分上而as well as 侧重点却在前一并列成分上,A as well as B=not only B but also A. (2) more than 表示而不是之意. 例如: (3) rather than 表示'而不是' 之意. (4) no less than 表示' 同... 一样' 之意. 当as well as ,more than, rather than, no less than 连接两个成分作主语时谓语动词应于第一个成分的数相一致. 在使用并列连词时我们应该注意:
并列连词与并列结构
并列连词与并列结构 并列连词引导两个并列的句子。 1)and 与or 判断改错： (错) They sat down and talk about something. (错) They started to dance and sang. (错) I saw two men sitting behind and whisper there. (对) They sat down and talked about something. (对) They started to dance and sing. (对)I saw two men sitting behind and whispering there. 解析：第一句：and 连接两个并列的谓语，所以talk 应改为talked。 第二句：and 连接两个并列的动词不定式，第二个不定式往往省略to，因此sang 应改为sing。 第三句：and 连接感观动词saw 后面的用作的宾补的两个并列分词结构，因此whisper 应改为whispering。 注意：and 还可以和祈使句或名词词组连用表示条件。（or也有此用法） Make up your mind, and you'll get the chance.= If you make up your mind, you'll get the chance. One more effort, and you'll succeed.= If you make one more effort, you'll succeed. 2)both …and两者都 She plays (both) the piano and the guitar. 3)not only…but (also), as well as不但…而且） She plays not only the piano, but (also) the guitar. 注意：not only… but also 关联两个分句时，一个分句因有否定词not 而必须倒装。 Not only does he like reading stories, but also he can even write some. 4)neithe…nor 意思为"既不……也不……"谓语动词采用就近原则，与nor后的词保持一致。 Neither you nor he is to blame. neither…nor…一起用时，作为关联性的并列连词，连接语法功能相同的平行结构：Neither you nor he konws it. (连接用作主语的代词) The old man can neither read nor write. (连接动词) I drink neither coffee nor tea. (连接宾语) The story is neither interesting nor instructive. (连接用作表语的形容词) Gas is a substance with neither a definite volume nor a definite shape. (连接介词宾语) I believe neither what you said before nor what you are saying now. (连接宾语从句) 注意： (1)Neither置于句首时，neither…nor…所连接的分句均须主谓倒装： I don't like that girl. Neither have I dated her for a dance(约她跳舞) nor will I do so. Neither does he play the cello nor does his brother. (2)Neither…nor…连接主语时，后面的动词在数上应与靠近的主语取得一致： Neither Ike nor I am going to attend the meeting. (动词与靠近，故用am。) Neither Ike nor he is going to attend the meeting. (动词与he靠近，故用is。) (3)neither…nor…作“既不…也不…”解，故谓语动词必须用肯定式，不能用否定式
从属连词 状语从句
一、重点知识归纳及讲解 （一）从属连词 从属连词是引导状语从句，宾语从句及其他从句的连词。 1．引导状语从句的从属连词有： 1）when, while, before, after, as soon as, until, since等，引导时间状语从句。 2）because, as, since等引导原因状语从句。 3）if, as long as等引导条件状语从句。 4）though, although引导让步状语从句。 5）so…that…, such…that…等引导结果状语从句。 6）so that引导目的状语从句。 7）as?as?；than等引导比较状语从句。 2．常用从属连词的辨析 1）when, as, while when, as, while都表示“当…的时候”，但when引导的时间状语从句的动作和主句的动作可以是同时发生，也可以先后发生，when既可指时间点，也可指一段时间，所以既可引导一短暂动作动词，也可引导持续性动作的动词。 用as作从属连词引导时间状语时强调主句和从句的动作并行发生，不指先后，尤指短动作或事件同时发生。如：As I looked, someone came near.（正当我看的时候，有个人走上前来。）as还可说咱两种正发展或变化的情况，意为“随着”。如：As spring warms the earth, all flowers begin to bloom.（随着春回大地，百花开始绽放。）表示主从句动作同时，as意为“一边…一边…”。如：He hurried home, looking behind as he went.（他匆匆忙忙跑回家，一边走一边回头望。） while只指一段时间，从句中的谓语动词不能用终止性动词，强调某一段时间内主从句动作同时发生，常对同类的动作进行对比。如：While we were waiting for a bus, it was raining hearily.（我们在等车时，天正下着大雨。） 2）till和until till和until都表示“直到…为止”。主句用延续性动词，主句和从句都用肯定式：意为“直到…才”。主句用终止性动词，从句用肯定式，主句用否定式。until较till正式，until引导的时间从句可以放在句首。 例如： She won't go away till you promise to help her. 直到你允诺要帮助她，她才走开。 Until you told me, I had heard of nothing what happened. 直到你告诉我，我才知道发生了什么事。 3）since since引导的时间状语从句常用一般过去时，其主句一般使用现在完成时。 例如： Jim has been in the factory for two years since he left school. 从吉姆毕业起，他在这家工厂工作两年了。
并列连词 when 和引导时间状语从句的从属连词 when 是不同的
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并列连词和从属连词.docx
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I have read one of his novels as well as a few of his plays. 我读过他的一本小说和几个剧本。 二）表示选择的并列连词有： 1. or You may do it yourself, or ask someone else to do it. 你可以自己做或者让别人做。 2. either... or I left it either on the table or in the drawer. 我不是把它放在桌子上了，就是放在抽屉里了。 除了表示选择外，or 和either... or 还可以表示否定的条件： 1) Now I must go or (if not) I shall be late for the party. 我现在得走了，否则晚会我就要迟到了 2) You'll either behave yourself, or you'll never go
疑问代词、疑问副词、关系代词、关系副词、连接代词、连接副词、并列连词与从属连词等概念区别及关系图
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这两句都是平等的，没有哪句胜过哪一句，我两彼此相爱。 (2) 从属连接词：引导名词子句或副词子句的连接词。 从就是随从，属就是属下附属，有子句中的老大就做主要子句。 I love you if you love me. 这里的两句话是不对等的，if 后面是附带的条件，当条件成立的时候主要子句才成立。主要子句可以单独存在，从属子句必须要有主要子句，不能单独存在。 从属子句按照功能的不同还分为： 名词子句 => 我爱你是真的。 I love you is true. 这样写是错误的，一个句子只能有一个主词一个动词，超过要用连接词。 [That I love you] is true. 这样写才是正确的，that 将is 前面部分当成是一整个事情， 事情才有分真假，动作没有真假，动作可以做得、快做的慢。 That I love you 是句子的主词，只有具有名词的身份才能当主词。 The story is true. 副词子句 =>
英语从属连词的作用与用法
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6.___we have satisfied you, you have no grounds of complaint. A. So B. Since that C. Now that D. By now. 7. Write clearly ____ your teacher can understand .you correctly. A. since B. for C. because D. so that 8.You'll miss the train ____ you hurry up. A. unless B. as C. if D. until 9. Francis did the task____ his brother. A. as good as B. as better as C. as well as D. as best as 10.The size of the audience,____ we had expected, was well over twenty thousand. A. as B. what C. that D. whom 11.I thought he hated the TV .You are right,____ he still watches the program. A. yet B. besides C. also D. then 12. It looks ____ it's going to rain. A. that B. as C. as if D. like that 13.____ to New York, her father has not heard from her.
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并列连词和从属连词
一、并列连词： 一）常见的表示语义延伸的并列连词有： 1. and Justice is on your side. And justice will triumph over injustice. 正义在你们一边，而正义是会战胜非正义的。 2. neither... nor She could neither speak the language nor write it. 这种语言她既不会说，也不会写。 3. both... and A man should have both courage and perseverance.一个人既要有勇气又要有毅力。 4. not only... but also We should not only be bold, but also be cautious. 我们不仅要大胆，而且要谨慎。
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【专题四】介词、连词与状语从句 【考情分析】 介词 1．常见介词地用法及辨析. 2．介词与其他词性所构成地一些短语. 3．在定语从句中,介词地使用情况. 连词 1. 考查并列连词、从属连词地用法 2. 重点考查主从复合句和并列句地连接词地选用. 。 状语从句 1.状语从句地分类 1.可分为时间、原因、地点、目地、结果、条件、让步、比较及方式等类型. 2.状语从句地引导词与介词地用法比较；状语从句与定语从句引导词地辨析. 3.能够辨别同类状语从句中近似连接词地用法差异. 【知识归纳】 介词： 1.“名词＋介词”型 the key/answer/visit/apology/introduction/way…to； wish/desire/prize/respect…for； ; pity/mercy/congratulation/effect/advice/impression/influence…on 2.“介词＋名词”型 (1) in ＋名词 in advance 在前头,事先,预先in case 如果,万一in charge 主管,掌管,看管 in common 共有,共同,公有in demand 有需要地in doubt 感到疑惑地,难以确定地 (2) ①on＋名词 on guard 在值勤on leave 在休假on holiday在度假on strike罢工on sale出售on loan 借贷 ②on＋the＋名词on the move 在移动,搬迁；离开on the march 在行军on the flow 在涨潮 (3) beyond ＋名词 beyond one's power 是某人力所不及地beyond one's reach 够不着 ~
并列连词和并列句
并列连词和并列句 一、并列连词和并列句： 1、and表示并列或承接关系，可跟单词、短语或句子；so表示影响或结果，只能跟句子； or和but常表示转折关系，or译为：，but 译为：。 (1)Let’s go have a look at the pandas. （2）Study hard, you’re sure to have a good result in the exam. （3）I’ve got a cold,I didn’t go to school this morning. （4）Lucy has seen the film, Lily hasn’t. （5）Hurry up, we will miss the train. 2、注意： （1）not only…but also…；either…or…；neither…nor…连主语时，用就近原则。 Neither I nor he to France. 我和他都未去过法国。 Not only my parents but also my brother （like）the cat. Either you or I (be) wrong. （2）both…and…连接主语时谓语用复数： Both Lily and Lucy (watch) TV programs at home then. （3）上面这些连词也可连接其它句子成分：(了解) ①You can either stay at home or go with me.（连接谓语动词） ②Liu Xiang is not only the pride of China, but also the pride of Asia.（连接表语） 二、从属连词： 1、从属连词与状语从句: （1）表示时间：since, before/ after, while/ when, as soon as, not…until…； （2）表示条件：if , no matter how/ what/ where/when 等。 ①，(不管明天天气如何)we’ll go there. ②If he goes to visit the museum tomorrow, (我也去). 注意：（1）because/ so, though/ but 不可同时使用。 ①Though we were very tired, we felt very happy. ②Because she has seen the film befo re, she didn’t go with us. （2）such…that…、so…that或so that的用法不同: ①这场比赛如此重要，（以至于）我们不能错过。（两种译法） The match is we can’t miss it. It’s we can’t miss it. ②She got up very early （以便能赶上早班车）.