美国文学期末复习资料(作家作品)
——美国文学
1、Benjamin Franklin 本杰明·富兰克林
1）"Poor Richard's Almanac" 穷人查理德的年鉴
2）“The Way to Wealth”致富之道“The Autobiography”自传18世纪美国唯一流传至今的自传
2、Washington Irving华盛顿.欧文 the first great belletrist 第一个纯文学作家，the first great prose stylist of American romanticism. 美国第一位浪漫主义散文文体
作家
“Sketch Book”《见闻札记》, the first modern short stories and the first great American juvenile literature.现代文学史上第一部短篇小说和美国第一部伟大的青
少年文学读物。
“Legends of the Conquest of Spain”《西班牙征服记》
A History of New York 纽约的历史-----美国人写的第一部诙谐文学杰作；
The Sketch Book见闻札记The Legend of Sleepy Hollow睡谷的传说-----使之成为美国第一个获得国际声誉的作家；Bracebridge Hall布雷斯布里奇田庄；Talks of Travellers旅客谈；The Alhambra阿尔罕伯拉
3.James Fenimore Cooper 詹姆斯.芬尼莫.库珀
“Leatherstocking Tales”《皮袜子故事集》，包括“The Deerslayer”《杀鹿者》、“The Last of the Mohicans”《最后的莫希干人》、“The Pathfinder”《探路人》、“The Pioneers”《拓荒者》、“The Prairie”《大草原》, regard as “the nearest approach yet to an American epic.” 被认为是迄今为止美国最接近史诗的作品。
The Spy 间谍 The Pilot 领航者 The Littlepage Manuscripts 利特佩奇的手稿
4、Ralph Waldo Emersion 拉尔夫.沃尔多.爱默生
be responsible for bringing Transcendentalism to New England, 是把超验主义引入新英格兰的先驱。Emerson believed above all in individualism个人主义, independence of mind思想独立, and self-reliance自强.
作品：“Nature”《论自然》、“Essays”《随笔录》“The American Scholar”《美国学者》, our intellectual Declaration of Independence.我们知识分子的独立宣言。
④his most important works are “Representative Men”《代表》and “English Traits”《英国人》、“Poems”《诗集》。
5、Henry David Thoreau 亨利.戴维.梭罗
“In Walden”《沃尔登》成名作“Civil Disobedience”《平民反抗》essay 随笔。非暴力不合作
6、Nathaniel Hawthorne 纳萨尼尔.霍桑
“Mosses from an Old Manse”《古厦青苔》、“The Marble Faun”《玉石神像》“The Scarlet Letter”《红字》人物：
Hester Prynne白兰Roger Chillingworth沃斯 Arthur Dimmesdale蒂Pearl珍珠
7、Herman Melville 赫尔曼.麦尔维尔
“Moby Dick”《白鲸》人物：Captain Ahab.船长阿哈比；Queequeg捕鲸人奎因奎格；Ishmael讲故事的人；Starkbuck 星巴克
8、Walt Whitman 沃尔特.惠特曼
①★free verse (自由诗体) 无固定节奏，无有规律的韵脚
②“Leaves of Grass”草叶集1870 the first genuine epic poem. 美国历史上第一部真正的史诗
Poem’s 特点：most of the poems in “Leaves of Grass”are about man and nature.
9、Emily Dickinson 爱米丽.狄金森
“I died for Beauty” 我为美而死（诗歌）
Beauty / Truth / Goodness are ultimate(终极) the same
“Because I could not stop for Death”我不能等候死神
Theme：死亡是实现永恒Immortality的途径
“my life closed twice before its close”
“mine—by the right of the whit e election”
10.Edgar Allan Poe 埃德加.阿伦.坡
“The Fall of the House of Usher”《鄂谢府崩溃记》
“The Raven”《乌鸦》the title poem of a collection
“Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque”《述异集》first collection of short stories. 第一部短篇小说集。
11.Howells
“A modern instance《一个现代的例证》
“The rise of Silas Lapham”《塞拉斯。拉帕姆的发迹》
12.James
“The Amercian”《美国人》
“Daisy Miller”《黛西，米勒》
“The portrait of a lady”《贵妇人画像》
“The ambassador”《奉使记》
“The Wings of the Dove”《鸽翼》
“the golden bowl”《金碗》
13.Mark Twain 马克.吐温
①美国现实主义文学的代表作“Adventures of Huckleberry Fin n”哈克贝里.费恩历险记(马克最有名的作品)
②特点：local colorist 地方特色:a unique variation of American literary realism, it refers to the particular concern about the local character of a region.
代表作：“The Gilded Age”70-90年代，镀金时代，贫富分化，财富积累。
“The Adventures of Tom Sawyer”用词简单、幽默、使用当地语言编写
“Life on the Mississippi”
14、Theodore Dreiser 西奥多.德莱塞
①代表作：“Sister Carrie”《嘉莉妹妹》the first novel, which traces the material rise of Carrie Meeber and the tragic decline of G. W. Hurstwood.
“The Financier”、“The Titan”、“The Stoic”Trilogy of Desire 欲望三部曲
②“An American Tragedy”《美国悲剧》，The identification of potency with money is at the heart of Dreiser’s greatest and most successful novel,德莱塞最恢宏、最成功的小说，表达了金钱万能的主题。
15、Thomas Stearns Eliot 托马斯.斯特恩斯.爱略特现代主义代言人
“The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock”poems，holds its place in the development of Eliot’s poetry as a whole.
“Tradition and the Individual Talent”essay,随笔《传统和个人天才》, the earliest statement of his aesthetics第一次阐释了自己的审美观点.
“The Waste Land”《荒原》现代主义的标志
“Four Quartets”《四个四重奏》poem
“Murder in the Cathedral”，poetic tragedy, 诗歌悲诗, a drama(戏剧) of impressive spiritual power.极富感染力的戏剧
16.Robert Frost 罗伯特.弗洛斯特自然主义诗人poet
“The Road Not Taken”、“Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening”向往大自然，想逃避社会；死亡、迷惑
17、Ernest Hemingway 厄恩斯特.海明威novelist 小说家诺贝尔
代表作：“The Sun Also Rises” Hemingway became the spokesman for “a lost generation”
“A Farewell to Arms”、“For Whom the Bell Tolls”、“The Old Man and the Sea”
18、William Faulkner 威廉.福克纳诺贝尔
①作品的主题：the universal theme of “the problems of the human heart in conflict with itself”人类心灵与自己冲突是宇宙永恒的主题。
②作品：“The Sound and the Fury”《喧嚣与骚动》成名作、“Absalom, Absalom!”、“Go Down, Moses”
19.John Steinbeck 约翰.斯坦贝克诺贝尔
“Of Mice and Men”《人鼠之间》portrayed the tragic friendship between two migrant workers
“The Grapes of Wrath”《愤怒的葡萄》regarded as masterpiece 视为杰作。
20. Eugene O’Neill诺贝尔
“The Emperor Jones”《琼斯国王》、“Anna Christie”《安娜.克里斯蒂》、“The Hairy Ape”《毛猿》“Long days’Journey”自传
21. Saul Bellow 犹太人诺贝尔
从1941年到1987年的4O余年间，贝娄共出版了9部长篇小说。早期创作有结构优美的《挂起来的人》“Danglin Man”（1944）、《受害者》“The victim”（1947），颇为评论界注目。《奥吉·玛琪历险记》“The adventure of Augie March”（1953）的出版，一举成名，奠定了他的文学地位。由于把“丰富多彩的流浪汉小说与当代文化的精妙分析结合在一起”，这部小说成为当代美国文学中描写自意识和个人自由的典型之作。陆续出版了《雨王汉德逊》“Hederson the Rain King”（1959）、《赫索格》“Herzog”获得4项奖（1964）、赛姆勒先生的行星》Mr Sammlers Plannet”（1970）、《洪堡的礼物》（1975）、《系主任的十二月》（1981）、《而今
更见伤心死》（1987）、《偷窃》（1989）等。这些作品袒露了中产阶级知识分子的精神苦闷，从侧面反映了美国当代“丰裕社会”的精神危机。《赫索格》成为美国轰动一时的畅销书。此外，贝娄还出版过中短篇小说集《且惜今朝》（1956）和《莫斯比的回忆》（1968），剧本《最后的分析》（1965）以及游记《耶路撒冷去来》（1976）、散文集《集腋成裘》（1994）等。
22.Salinger 犹太人Jewish
“The Catcher of the Rye”《麦田里的守望者》
美国文学简史复习
美国文学简史 复习资料 2016年12月23日 目录 殖民时期及十八世纪美国文学 美国浪漫主义早期 新英格兰超验主义 美国浪漫主义后期 美国现实主义文学 美国乡土文学 美国现代诗歌 美国现代小说 美国南方文学
美国现代戏剧美国黑人文学美国华裔文学
殖民时期及十八世纪美国文学 New England：Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut, named by Captain John Smith ?Puritanism Doctrines of Puritanism：predestination（命运神定), original sin, total depravity (彻底的堕落), and limited atonement (有限的赎罪)from God’s grace Puritans left Europe for America in order to prove that they were God’s chosen people who would enjoy God’s blessings on earth and in Heaven. They felt that they were exiles under the special grace of God to establish a theocracy in the New World. Style of writing：the style is fresh, simple and direct; the rhetoric is plain and honest；a touch of nobility often traceable to the direct influence of the Bible Puritans’way of Life：hard work, thrift, piety, and sobriety. In Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter there is a good description of the Puritans’life. Main writers William Bradford Of Plymouth Plantation普利茅斯垦殖记 Thomas Paine Common Sense 常识；American Crisis美国危机；The Rights of Man人权；The Age of Reason 理性时代 Philip Freneau The Rising Glory of America蒸蒸日上的美洲；The Wild Honeysuckle野金银花 Benjamin Franklin Autobiography富兰克林自传 Thomas Jefferson Draft the Declaration of Independence. 美国浪漫主义早期 Romanticism Background of Romanticism：Economic boom and national optimism ；Favorable literary milieu: increasing number of magazines ；Foreign influences: the Romantic Movement in Europe. Characteristics of Romanticism：
《美国文学》期末考试试卷(A卷)答案
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美国文学选读复习资料
American Puritanism 殖民地时期 ( roughly from the settlement of America in the early 17th century through the end of the 18th) 一、Benjamin Franklin 本杰明?富兰克林 作品： 1、Poor Richard's Almanac 《格言历书》--- A Collection of maxims, or proverbs, on the value of work and savings for success. 2、The Autobiography 《自传》---“美国梦”的根源 3、参与起草《独立宣言》 浪漫主义American Romanticism The Romantic Period stretches from the end of the 18th century to the outbreak of the Civil War. It is a period of the great flowering of American literature. The social and cultural background of Romanticism The young Republic was flourishing into a politically, economically and culturally independent country. The Romantic writings revealed unique characteristics of their own in their works and they grew on the native lands. The desire for an escape from society and a return to nature became a permanent convention of American literature. The American Puritanism as a cultural heritage exerted great influences over American moral values. Romantics frequently shared certain general characteristics:moral enthusiasm,faith in value of in dividualism and intuitive perception,and a presumption that the natural world was a source of good ness and man’s societies as a source of corruption. 二、Edgar Allan Poe埃德加·爱伦·坡 ---poet,short story writer and literary critic(48poems,70short stories) He greatly influenced the devotees of“Art for art’s sake.” He was father of psychoanalytic criticism(心理分析批评),and the detective story.诗歌的精髓就是追求美 小说的主题常常是恐怖和死亡，其中还运用了象征手法。 The Poetic Principle: 1.The poem,should be short,readable at one sitting; 2.Beauty(the rhythmical creation of beauty); 3.Melancholy忧伤(especially the death of a beautiful woman).
美国文学史及选读复习重点
Captain John Smith (first American writer). Anne Bradstreet；The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America （colonists living） Edward Taylor(the best puritan poet) John Cotton ”the Patriarch of New England” teacher spiritual leader Benjamin Franklin The Autobiography Poor Richard’s Almanack Thomas Jefferson： Political Career Thoughts The Declaration of Independence we hold truth to be self-evidence Philip Freneau“Father of American Poetry” The Wild Honey Suckle American Romanticism optimism and hope Nationalism Washington Irving“Father of American Literature short story”The first “Pure Writer” A History of New York The Sketch Book marked the beginning of American Romanticism! “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow”Rip Van Winkle James Fenimore Cooper Father of American sea and frontier novels Leather stocking Tales The Last of the Mohicans The Pioneers The Prairie The Pathfinder The Deerslayer Edgar Allan Poe father of detective story and horror fiction Tales of the Grotesque and the Arabesque “MS. Found in a Bottle” “The Murders in the Rue Morgue” “The Fall of the House of Usher”“The Masque of the Red Death”“The
大四美国文学期末考试题型及例题
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美国文学选读期末考试重点
1、The Colonial Period（1607-1765） American Puritanism ( in the early 17th century through the end of the 18th) 北美第一位女诗人Anne Bradstreet(宗教气息，夫妻恩爱) Edward Taylor 都受英国玄学派影响（metaphysical） 2、The Enlightenment and Revolution Period Benjamin Franklin:Poor Richard's Almanac The Autobiography---“美国梦”的根源 3、American Romanticism（end of 18th to the civil war） American writers emphasis upon the imaginative and emotional qualities of literature. 早期浪漫主义Washington Irving father of American Literature
美国文学史及选读考研复习笔记6.
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