土木工程专业英语

土木工程专业英语
土木工程专业英语

土木工程专业词汇篇

1, waterfront ['w?:t?fr?nt, 'w?-]

n. 滩,海滨;水边,滨水区 adj. 滨水区的

2, derive [di'raiv]

vt.1.获得 (…from) Mr. Ying is one of those happy people who derive pleasure from helping others.

2.衍生,[数]导出

3. 源出于,由…而来Many English words are derived from Latin and Greek words.

vi. 起源于,导出,派生(from)

3, transmission [tr?nz'mi??n, tr?ns- ] (v: trassmit)

n. 1.传动装置,[机]变速器;

2.对应trassmit 的意思

4, transmit [tr?nz'mit, tr?ns-]

vt. 1.传播;发射The TV station will transmit this football match live.

2.传播(疾病);遗传mosquitoes that transmit disease to humans.

3. 传导;传递;传输These thin crystals(晶体) transmit much of the power.

vi. 传输;发射信号

5, specify ['spes?fai, -si-]

vt.1. 指定,明确要求;The fund was specified to maintain the ancient buildings.

2.详细说明;把…列入说明书The details were specified on Page 35.

6, specification [,spesifi'kei??n] (specifical≈specific)

n. 规格;说明书;【建】规范

7, specialty ['spe??lti] (speciality) (specialize,specialist,special) n. 1.专业,专长 2.特产;特级品;招牌菜

8, geotechnics [d?i:?u'tekniks]

n. [建] 土工技术;地质技术学Geo-是常见前缀,表示地球、土地、地理等含义。

如:geophysics(地球物理学)、geopark(地质公园)、geography(地理学)。

9, utility [ju:'til?ti]

n. 实用;公共设施;效用;功用

adj. 实用的;有多种用途的

10, predominate [pri'd?mineit] (同dominate,主要用作Vt)(dominant,dominance)vi.1. 占主导(或支配)地位 2.(数量上)占优势 (主要用作Vi)

He wants to create a society where Islamic principles predominate.

In older age groups women predominate because men tend to die younger.

vt. 支配,主宰;在…中占优势

81, predominant [,pri'd?min?nt] ( v.predominate )

adj. 起支配的(也就是主要的);卓越的;有影响的

11, preliminary [pri'limin?ri]

n. 准备;预赛;初步措施

adj. 初步的;开始的;预备的

12, liminary ['limin?ri] adj. 开头的,卷头的

13, locate [l?u'keit, 'l?u]

vt. 1.把…建在,使…坐落在The school is located next to the church.

2. 定位;确定…的位置to locate a ship position on a chart

vi.定居[美国口语]

14, asphalt ['?sf?lt] n. 沥青;柏油 vt. 以沥青铺 adj. 用柏油铺成的

15, debtor ['det?] n. 债务人;[会计] 借方

16, sewer ['sju?, 'su:?]

n. 下水道;阴沟;裁缝师

vt. 为…铺设污水管道;用下水道排除…的污水 vi. 清洗污水管

17, sewage ['sju:id?] (=sewerage)

n. 污水;下水道排放的污物

19, placement ['pleism?nt]

n. 1.(人的)配置,(物的)安放 2.实习职位 3.堆放,填筑

20, displacement 【物理学】位移离乡背井,替代,移开,免职.

23, permit [p?'mit] (区别allow)

n.许可证,执照 (license)

vi. vt.… The nurse allowed him to remain there,though it was not permitted.

其区别是permit 通常指上级、规则或法令等表示的准许,其语气较重;而 allow 通常指消极地

不加反对,有时含有听任或默许之意,语气较轻。

24, supervisory ['sju:p?,vaiz?ri] adj. 监督的 (v.supervise)

25, survey [s?:'vei, 's?:vei, s?-]

n. 1.调查 2.测量 3.审视;纵览

vt. 1.调查 2.勘测 3.审阅,俯瞰,眺望 vi.测量,勘测,测绘

27, contract ['k?ntr?kt, k?n'tr?kt]

vt. 1.使缩短,使收缩 A hedgehog often contracts its body into a ball.

2.订约,订婚约We contracted with a local clothing firm for 400 shirts a month.

3.感染(疾病) She has contracted a severe fever.

vi. 收缩;感染;订约 n. 合同;婚约

如扩展与收缩:expand or contract (contraction and expansion)28, network ['netw?:k] n. 网络;广播网;网状物

29, groundwater ['graund,w?:t?] n. 地下水

32, canal [k?'n?l]

n.运河;[地理] 水道;[建] 管道;灌溉水渠 vt. 在…开凿运河

33, navigate ['n?viɡeit]

vt.1.为(车船飞机)…导航When someone in a car navigates, they decide what roads the car

2.驾驶,操纵,航行should be driven

vi. 航行,驾驶(船、飞机)

34, impound [im'paund]

vt. 1. 将…关在圈中,把…围起, 2.拘留,扣留;

3.蓄 (水等) to build a dam to impound water

35, impoundment [im'paundm?nt] n. 蓄水(量);扣留,围住

36, evaluate [i'v?ljueit]

vt.( vi.)评价;估价;【数】求…的值to evaluate property

37, abstract ['?bstr?kt, ?b'str?kt]

n. 摘要;抽象;抽象的概念 adj. 抽象的;深奥的 vi. 做摘要;抽象化

vt. 1.做…的摘要,摘录;

2.提取,提炼;抽取;使分离 (from) to abstract juice from an orange

3.使…抽象化,把…抽象出来(from)

38, cyclic ['saiklik] (cyclical,cycle,cyclicity)

adj. 环状的;循环的;周期的

41, computation [,k?mpju'tei??n] https://www.360docs.net/doc/3e16760158.html,putational https://www.360docs.net/doc/3e16760158.html,pute →computer n.计算,估计

42, sophisticated [s?'fistikeitid]

adj. 1.复杂的,高级的 2.久经世故的;富有经验的

40, hinge [hind?] n.铰链,合叶(vt. / vi.)

43, plastic hinge [力] 塑性铰

44, single beam 简支粱,单跨梁;单波束

45, explicit [ik'splisit]

adj. 1.明确的;清楚的 2.直率的,直言的,不含糊的

What do you mean? Could you be more explicit?

Sexually explicit scenes in movies and books were taboo under the old regime.

46, [短] subjected to 遭受;承受;使某人经历某事

47, [短] in the context of 在…情况下;在…背景下

48, [短] in contrast to 与……形成对照

50, [短]with respect to 对于;至于,就…而言

51, [短] fall within 属于;在…范围内

If the answer to your difficulty falls within my experience,I'll give you all the help I can.

53, [短]in light of 根据;鉴于;从…观点

In light of the recent surge in asset prices worldwide, this issue needs urgent attention.

49, robust [r?u'b?st, 'r?ub?st]

adj. 1.强健的;强壮的,精力充沛的 2.粗野的;粗鲁的 3.坚定的

52, multilevel [,m?lti'lev?l] adj. 多级的;多层次的

54, postulate ['p?stjuleit, -t??-]

vt. 1.【数】假定,假设 2.以…为出发点(the basis for),要求,需求

n. 基本条件,基本原理,假定

55, demonstrate ['dem?nstreit]

vt. 1.证明,论证 2.展示,展现(才能,情感)

She demonstrated her anger by slamming a door.

vi. 游行示威The miners demonstrated for better working conditions

56, literature ['lit?r?t??] (literary文学的, literate学者) n. 文学;文献;著作

57, ductility [d?k'til?ti] n. 延展性;延性;柔软性;顺从(adj. ductile)

58, [短] allow for 考虑到,虑及

59, [短]as a consequence of 因此;由于…的结果

Thousands of people lost their lives as a consequence of the Wenchuan earthquake

He was late as a result of the snow.

61, [短] followed by 然后,随后 A followed by B 与 A followed B

64, [短]corresponding to 与…相一致

70, [短]consistent with 符合;与…一致

65, [短] as a function of 根据(in the light of )

60, two-dimensional [,tu:di'men??n?l, -dai-] adj. 二维的;缺乏深度的

99, reinforcement [,ri:in'f?:sm?nt]

n. 1.加固;加强 2.增援;援军;

10, reinforce [,ri:in'f?:s]

vt. 1.加固;加强 2.增援;援军; vi. …

This old bridge should be reinforced immediately. / The regular troops need to be reinforced.

13, reinforced concrete 钢筋混凝土

62, reinforcement ratio 配筋率

69, longitudinal reinforcement 纵向钢筋[,l?nd?i'tju:din?l] 纵向的

72, steel reinforcement 钢筋,钢条

15, reinforcement bar 钢筋条,钢筋

63, Young’s modulus 杨氏弹性模量

64,modulus ['m?djul?s; -d?u-] 【物理学】模量,系数【数学】 (对数的)模

66, algorithm ['?l g?rie?m]

n. [计][数] 算法,运算法则

67, tangent ['t?nd??nt]

n. [数] 切线,[数] 正切adj. 切线的,相切的;离题的

68, crosssection n. 交差截面,横截面

71, axial strain [力] 轴向应变

73, moment redistribution [力] 力矩再分配

77, iteration [,it?'rei??n]

n. [数] 迭代;反复;重复 (adj. iterative v.iterate )

The algorithm keeps the simplicity of the iteration formula. 75, equilibrium [,i:kwi'libri?m] n.平衡(状态) (v. equilibrate )

76, velocity [vi'l?s?ti] n. [力] 速率;速度;迅速

78, planar ['plein?, -hɑ:] adj. [数学]平面的;二维的

79, slab [sl?b]

n. 厚板,平板;混凝土路面;厚片

80, transversal [tr?nz'v?:s?l] (等于transverse)

adj.横向的;横断的;横断线的

n. 横向;截线或贯线

82, rightmost ['raitm?ust] adj. 最右边的;最右面的

83, horizontal load [建] 水平载荷;水平负载

84, upper bound [数] 上界;最大值

86, resultant force n. [力] 合力

87. resultant [ri'z?lt?nt]

n. 合力;结果;[化学] 生成物(特别注意到其动词是result)

adj. 结果的;合成的

87, balustrade [,b?l?s'treid] n.栏杆,低矮女儿墙

88, baluster ['b?l?st?] n.栏杆;栏杆的支柱

85,[短] in practical terms (in fact) 实际上;在实践中

89, edifice ['edifis] n. 大厦;大建筑物

90, duct [d?kt] (pipe)

n. 输送管,导管(强调有输送功能的) vt. 用导管输送

93, lintel ['lint?l] n. [建] 过梁(等于linto)

94, framework ['freimw?:k] n. 框架,骨架;结构,构架

95, conduit ['k?ndit]

n. [电] 导管;导线管, 沟渠;导水管

a passage (a pipe or tunnel) through which water or electric wires can pass

96, ventilate ['ventileit]

vt. 使通风;给…装通风设备;【医学】给…人工呼吸

Open the window and ventilate the room / Ventilate the room properly when stripping paint.

97, partition [pɑ:'ti??n]

n. 划分,分开;[数] 分割;隔墙;隔离物

vt. [数] 分割;分隔;区分

98, sway [swei]

vt. 1.影响,使改变看法 2.摇动 vi. 影响;摇摆,倾斜 n.……

(影响→使改变看法→即摇动,动摇)The mother was gently swaying her baby The earthquake caused the wall to sway to the left.

99, rebar [ri'ba:] n. [材] 钢筋;螺纹钢(筋)

100, bearing wall [建] 承重墙;轴承壁;受力墙(=carrying wall)

101, shear wall [建]剪力墙;抗震墙,耐震壁;风力墙

102, spandrel [/'sp?ndr?l/] n. 拱肩

103, spandrel beam 外墙托梁 spandrel wall 窗肚墙,供肩墙

108, high-rise ['hai'raiz]

adj. 高楼的;超高层的 n. 高楼;大厦

109, high-rise building [建] 高层建筑物

ultrahigh-rise building [建] 超高层建筑物

110, facade [f?'sɑ:d] n. 1. (房屋)正面,临街正面,立面,门面

2. 表面,外观;[常作比喻](掩饰低劣东西的)门面

111, tensile stress n. 张应力,拉应力

112, compressive stress [力] 压力,抗压应力

113, tensile strain 拉伸应变;抗拉应变

114, compressive strain 压缩应变;压缩变形

115, tensile ['tensail, -s?l] adj. [力] 拉力的;可伸长的;可拉长的

tensile force n. 张力 tensile strength 抗张强度

116, post [p?ust] n. 岗位;邮件;标杆

vt. 张贴;公布;邮递;布置

vi. 快速行进

117, truss [tr?s] n. 束;构架;捆

vt. 捆绑;用构架支撑

?Frame-bracing structure is a kind of dual-system, among which the bracing system may be shear wall, reinforced concrete core, vertical truss, etc(支撑体系可以是剪力墙、筒体或支撑桁架体系。)

118, boundary ['baund?ri] n. 边界;范围;分界线

119, perimeter [p?'rimit?] n. 周长;周界;[眼科] 视野计 peri- 周围的

120, runoff ['r?n?f, -?:f] n. [水文] 径流;决赛;流走的东西

adj. 决胜的

121, cable ['keibl] n. 电缆;海底电报

vt. 打电报

vi. 打海底电报

?The analysis of static behavior of Cable Dome includes two parts.

索穹顶结构的静力性能研究包括两部分内容。

122, girder ['ɡ?:d?] n. [建] 大梁,纵梁

123, girder bridge [交] 板梁桥;高架桥;天桥

box girder [建]箱型梁

124, intersect [,int?'sekt] vi. 相交,交叉

vt. 横断,横切;贯穿

inter 国际米兰

125, intersection [,int?'sek??n] n. 交叉;十字路口;交集;交叉点

126, intermediate pier 斗板石;中间墩

127, intermediate [,int?'mi:dj?t, -dieit] vi. 起媒介作用

adj. 中间的,中级的

n. [化学] 中间物;媒介

inmediate 直接的

128, abutment [?'b?tm?nt] n. 邻接,接界;[建]桥礅

Abutment pressure 支撑压力桥台压力

Bridge abutment 桥台桥肩

129, topsoil ['t?ps?il] n. 表层土;上层土

130, subsoil ['s?bs?il] vt. 掘起…的底土;深挖,深耕

n. 底土;下层土;天然地基

131, anchor ['??k?] n. 锚;抛锚停泊;靠山;新闻节目主播

vt. 抛锚;使固定;主持节目

vi. 抛锚

adj. 末捧的;最后一棒的

anchor rod 锚杆

132, anchorage ['??k?rid?] n. 锚地;下锚;停泊税

?Anchorage system on rock and soil layer is a kind of technology using pole units in tension buried in the stratum.(岩体和土层的锚固是一种把受拉杆件埋入地层的技术。)

133, durability [,dju?r?'bil?ti] n. 耐久性;坚固;耐用年限 durability test

134, bump [b?mp] n. 肿块,隆起物;撞击 with a bump 突然

vi. 碰撞,撞击;颠簸而行 +in/against

vt. 碰,撞;颠簸

adv. 突然地,猛烈地

135, human resource management 人力资源管理;人力调配

136, tensile strength [力] 抗张强度

137,compressive strength [力] 抗压强度

137, yield strength [力] 屈服强度;屈变力;抗屈强度

138, preliminary design 初步设计

139, suspension bridge 吊桥

140, suspension [s?'spen??n] n. 悬浮;暂停;停职

141, suspend [s?'spend] vt. 延缓,推迟;使暂停;使悬浮 vi. 悬浮;[体]禁赛

142, suspense [s?'spens] n. 悬念;悬疑;焦虑;悬而不决

143, guardrail ['ɡɑ:dreil] n. 护栏;栏杆;[铁路] 护轨 cable guardrail 钢索护栏144, railing ['reili?] n. 栏杆;扶手 stair railing 楼梯扶手

145, toll [t?ul, t?l] vt. 征收;敲钟 road toll 养路费 total 总数

n. 通行费;代价;钟声

vi. 鸣钟;征税

146, pozzolana ['p?ts?ulɑ:n] n. 火山灰(等于pozzuolana)

147, outlast [,aut'lɑ:st, -'l?st] vt. 比…长久;从…中逃生

148, embellish [im'beli?] vt. 修饰;装饰;润色

vi. 装饰起来;加以润色

149, embellishment [im'beli?m?nt] n. 装饰,修饰;润色

150, excavate ['eksk?,veit] vt. 挖掘;开凿

vi. 发掘;细查

151, slurry ['sl?:ri, 'sl?-] n. 泥浆;悬浮液

152, drainage system 排水系统,渠道系统;水系;引流装置

153, bedrock [,bed'r?k, 'bed-] n. [地质] 基岩;根底;基本原理

154, rest on 停留在;依靠;被搁在;信赖

155, cofferdam ['k?f?,d?m] n. 围堰;潜水箱

vt. 修筑围堰

156, dissertation [,dis?'tei??n] n. 论文,专题;学术演讲

157, grout [ɡraut] vt. 灌浆;用薄泥浆填塞

n. 水泥浆;薄浆 cement grout 水泥浆

158, grouting ['ɡrauti?] n. [建][水利] 灌浆

v. 给…灌浆;翻掘(grout的ing形式)

159, tendon ['tend?n] n. [解剖] 腱;[建]钢筋束 prestressing tendon 预应力钢筋束160, arch [ɑ:t?] 1.[建]n. 弓形,拱形;拱门 arch bridge 拱桥

adj. 主要的

vt. 使…弯成弓形;用拱连接

vi. 拱起;成为弓形

2. [解剖学]弓状物(尤指人体结构的弓形部分),牙弓,齿弓;足(底)弓,足背

3. [玻璃制造]坩埚预热炉,加热炉(炉口)[见pot arch]

161, pavement ['peivm?nt] n. 人行道 on the pavement 被遗弃

162, internal force [力] 内力

163, aluminum [?'lju:min?m] n. 铝

164, semi- ['sem(a)i-]: 半的意思 | 表示半

165. pref. 优先

166, dimension [di'men??n, dai-] n. [数] 维;尺寸;次元;容积

vt. 标出尺寸

adj. 规格的

dimension stability 尺寸稳定性

167, schematic [ski:'m?tik] adj. 图解的;概要的

n. 原理图;图解视图

?This article on typical problem assay and solve when use EXCEL by concision schematic language, and introduce several very practical value use skill.

用简明扼要的语言对EXCEL使用中的具有代表性的疑难问题进行了分析、解答,并介绍了几点很有实用价值的使用技巧。

168, prestress [pri:'stres](loss of prestresss 预应力损失) vt. 对…预加应力

n. 预应力;预先拉伸169, elastic [i'l?stik] adj. 有弹性的;灵活的;易伸缩的

n. 松紧带;橡皮圈

elastic modulus

elasticity 弹性、弹力、灵活性

170, plastic ['pl?stik,'plɑ:s-] adj. 塑料的;(外科)造型的;可塑的

n. 塑料制品;整形;可塑体

plasticity 塑性

171, compression [k?m'pre??n] n. 压缩,浓缩;压榨,压迫

172, tension ['ten??n] n. 张力,拉力;紧张,不安;电压

vt. 使紧张;使拉紧

173, cantilever ['k?ntili:v?, -lev?]: 悬臂梁 | 悬臂 | 飞轮芯棒

Cantilever crane 悬臂吊车

Lever 杠杆

?As a common form of retaining wall,Cantilever retaining wall is widely used in geotechnical engineering.

悬臂式挡土墙作为挡土墙的一种常见的形式,在岩土工程界应用广泛。

174, gridiron ['ɡrid,ai?n] n. 烤架;格状物;橄榄球场[建]棋盘式街道布局[亦作 [gridiron plan]

175, outgrowth ['autɡr?uθ] n. 结果;副产物;自然的发展;分枝

176, downstream ['daun'stri:m] adj. 下游的;顺流的 adv. 下游地;顺流而下

177, dynamo ['dain?m?u] n. 发电机;精力充沛的人

178, generator ['d?en?reit?] n. 发电机;发生器;生产者

179, kinematics [,kini'm?tiks, kai] n. 运动学;动力学

180, jack [d??k] n. 千斤顶;[电] 插座;男人

vt. 增加;提醒;抬起;用千斤顶顶起某物

adj. 雄的

181, hydraulic [hai'dr?:lik] adj. 液压的;水力的;水力学的液压机

182, rigid ['rid?id] adj. 严格的;僵硬的,死板的;坚硬的;精确的[建]刚性的

183, stiffness ['stifnis] n.[力] 刚度

184, toughness ['t?fnis] n. [力] 韧性;强健;有粘性

185, masonry ['meis?nri] n. 石工;石工行业;石造建筑

[建]砌体 concert masonry 混凝土圬工;masonry construct砌体结构

186, pipe [paip] n. 管;烟斗;笛 seamless steel pipe 无缝钢管

vt. 用管道输送;尖声唱;用管乐器演奏

vi. 吹笛;尖叫

pipe: 管道 | 管 | 管子

187, precast reinforced concrete 预制钢筋混凝土 precast pile 预制桩

188, precast ['pri:'kɑ:st] vt. 预制;预浇制 adj. 预制的

189, settlement ['setlm?nt] n. 解决,处理;[会计] 结算;[建]沉降;

Final settlement 最终沉降 uneven settlement/ differential settlement不均匀沉降190, deform [di'f?:m] vi. 变形;变畸形

adj. 畸形的;丑陋的

vt. 使变形;使成畸形

191, silt [silt] n. 淤泥,泥沙;煤粉;残渣;[建] 粉砂 | 沙性粉土: sandy silt

vi. 淤塞,充塞;为淤泥堵塞

vt. 使淤塞;充塞

192, horizontal plane [测] 水平面;地平;(潜水艇)水平舵

193, horizontal ['h?ri'z?nt?l] n. 水平线,水平面; horizontal displacement水平位移

194, elevation [,eli'vei??n] n. 高地;海拔;崇高;正面图 ground elevation 地面高程195, slum [sl?m] n. 贫民窟;陋巷;脏乱的地方

196, It is asserted that: 有人断言 | 有人主张 | 主张

197, It must be admitted that: 必须承认 | 老实说 | 必须承认的是

198, make light of: 轻视 | 藐视 | 不把……当回事

199, worksite ['w?:ksait] : 工作场地 | 工地 worksite management 现场管理

200, vibrate [vai'breit] vi. 振动;颤动;摇摆;踌躇 vt. 使振动;使颤动

201, utilize ['ju:tilaiz] vt. 利用

202, ultrahigh-rise building 超高层

203, square meter : 平方米 | 面积 | 平方公尺

204, rolled [r?uld] adj. 轧制的;滚制的 v. 使…转动;摇摆(roll的过去分词和过去式)205, lower boundary 下边界

206, upper boundary 上边界

207, entail [in'teil] vt. 必需,使承担;限定继承

n. 限定继承,限定继承权;限定继承的财产

208, occupant ['?kjup?nt] n. 居住者;占有者

209, radius ['reidi?s] n. 半径,半径范围;[解剖] 桡骨;辐射光线;有效航程

210, centripetal force [力] 向心力

211, productivity [,pr?d?k'tiv?ti, ,pr?u-] n. 生产力;生产率;生产能力

212, threefold ['θri:f?uld] adj. 三倍的;三重的,有三部分的

threefold: 三倍 | 三重的

213, approximately [?'pr?ksimitli] adv. 大约,近似地;近于

214, in the vicinity of: 在邻近 | 在附近 | 在附近

215, multi-storey [,m?lti'st?:ri] adj. 多层的

216, dead load [dedl?ud] [建] 恒载;静负荷

217, timber ['timb?] n. 木材;木料

218, log [l?ɡ, l?:ɡ] vi. 伐木

n. 记录;航行日志;园木[建]原木

vt. 切;伐木;航行

219, aqueduct ['?kwid?kt] n. [水利] 渡槽;导水管;沟渠

220, bridge pier [交] 桥墩

221, slant [slɑ:nt, sl?nt] n. 倾斜;观点;偏见

vi. 倾斜;有倾向

vt. 使倾斜;使倾向于

adj. 倾斜的;有偏见的

222, overlap [,?uv?'l?p, '?uv?l?p] vi. 部分重叠;部分的同时发生

223, shear [?i?] n. [力] 切变;修剪;大剪刀

vi. 剪;剪切;修剪 vt. 剪;修剪;剥夺

224, torsion ['t?:??n] n. 扭转,扭曲;转矩,[力] 扭力

225, static load: 静载荷 | 静负荷 | 静载重

226, live load [laiv] live load: 活荷载 | 活载重 | 活载荷

dynamic load 动力荷载

227, wind tunnel: 风洞 | 用于开发赛车的空气动力学套件 | 风洞

228, caisson [k?'su:n, 'keis?n] n. [建] 沉箱;弹药箱;弹药车

caisson pile 灌注桩;沉箱桩;管柱桩

caisson foundation 沉井;[建筑]沉箱基础;沉箱地基

229, river bed [水文] 河床

230, falsework ['f?:lsw?:k] n. [建] 脚手架;临时支架

231, spillway ['spilwei] n. 溢洪道;泄洪道

232, estuary ['estju?ri] n. 河口;江口

233, permeability [,p?:mi?'biliti] n. 渗透性;透磁率,导磁系数;弥漫

234, equilibrium condition: 平衡条件 | 均衡条件 | 稳态条件

235, additive ['?ditiv] n. 添加剂,添加物;外掺剂

236, surface-active agent [化学]表面活性剂[亦作surfactant]

237, ratio ['rei?i?u, -??u] n. 比率,比例比率 | 比 | 压缩比

238, finite element analysis [数] 有限元分析

239, water-to-cement ratio: 水灰比

240, pile cap [建] 桩帽 ; 桩承台 241, pile tip 桩端;桩头

242, pile [pail] 桩基,群桩 243, mat/slab foundation 板式基础

244, spread foundation 扩展式地基 245, plain concrete [建] 素混凝土

246, plan [pl?n] n. 计划\平面图;打算 247, bearing pressure [力] 支承压力

248, retaining wall [建] 挡土墙;护岸 249, frictional resistance [力] 摩擦阻力250, settle ['setl]使沉降; 沉降 251, basement ['beism?nt]n. 地下室;地窖252, backfill ['b?kfil] n. 回填 253, slip form [建] 滑模,滑动模板

254, cubic ['kju:bik] 立方体的,立方的 255, earthmoving ['?:θ,mu:vi?] n. 运土256, foundation treatment 地基处理, 257, shop-fabricated adj. 车间预制的

258, rivet ['rivit] n. 铆钉 259, weld [weld] n. 焊接;焊接点

260, bolt [b?ult] n. 螺栓; 261, computer-aided adj. [计] 计算机辅助的,262, static equilibrium 静力平衡 263, earthquake-resistant adj. 抗震的;耐震的264, superposition [,sju:p?p?'zi??n]n. [数] 叠加,重合

265, neutral axis n. [力] 中性轴 266, pin joint 关节接头;铰链接合;销连接267, angular displacement [电子][物] 角位移

268, statically indeterminate structure [力] 超静定结构

269, cross-section ['kr?s,sek??n] n. 横截面;横断面

270, deflection [di'flek??n] n. 偏向;挠曲;偏差

271, bend [bend] (buckle)n. 弯曲

272, stiffening rib [建] 加劲肋;加强肋273, axial force 轴向力

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第一部分必须掌握,第二部分尽量掌握 第一部分: 1 Finite Element Method 有限单元法 2 专业英语Specialty English 3 水利工程Hydraulic Engineering 4 土木工程Civil Engineering 5 地下工程Underground Engineering 6 岩土工程Geotechnical Engineering 7 道路工程Road (Highway) Engineering 8 桥梁工程Bridge Engineering 9 隧道工程Tunnel Engineering 10 工程力学Engineering Mechanics 11 交通工程Traffic Engineering 12 港口工程Port Engineering 13 安全性safety 17木结构timber structure 18 砌体结构masonry structure 19 混凝土结构concrete structure 20 钢结构steelstructure 21 钢-混凝土复合结构steel and concrete composite structure 22 素混凝土plain concrete 23 钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete 24 钢筋rebar 25 预应力混凝土pre-stressed concrete 26 静定结构statically determinate structure 27 超静定结构statically indeterminate structure 28 桁架结构truss structure 29 空间网架结构spatial grid structure 30 近海工程offshore engineering 31 静力学statics 32运动学kinematics 33 动力学dynamics 34 简支梁simply supported beam 35 固定支座fixed bearing 36弹性力学elasticity 37 塑性力学plasticity 38 弹塑性力学elaso-plasticity 39 断裂力学fracture Mechanics 40 土力学soil mechanics 41 水力学hydraulics 42 流体力学fluid mechanics 43 固体力学solid mechanics 44 集中力concentrated force 45 压力pressure 46 静水压力hydrostatic pressure 47 均布压力uniform pressure 48 体力body force 49 重力gravity 50 线荷载line load 51 弯矩bending moment 52 torque 扭矩53 应力stress 54 应变stain 55 正应力normal stress 56 剪应力shearing stress 57 主应力principal stress 58 变形deformation 59 内力internal force 60 偏移量挠度deflection 61 settlement 沉降 62 屈曲失稳buckle 63 轴力axial force 64 允许应力allowable stress 65 疲劳分析fatigue analysis 66 梁beam 67 壳shell 68 板plate 69 桥bridge 70 桩pile 71 主动土压力active earth pressure 72 被动土压力passive earth pressure 73 承载力load-bearing capacity 74 水位water Height 75 位移displacement 76 结构力学structural mechanics 77 材料力学material mechanics 78 经纬仪altometer 79 水准仪level 80 学科discipline 81 子学科sub-discipline 82 期刊journal ,periodical 83文献literature 84 ISSN International Standard Serial Number 国际标准刊号 85 ISBN International Standard Book Number 国际标准书号 86 卷volume 87 期number 88 专着monograph 89 会议论文集Proceeding 90 学位论文thesis, dissertation 91 专利patent 92 档案档案室archive 93 国际学术会议conference 94 导师advisor 95 学位论文答辩defense of thesis 96 博士研究生doctorate student 97 研究生postgraduate 98 EI Engineering Index 工程索引 99 SCI Science Citation Index 科学引文索引 100ISTP Index to Science and Technology Proceedings 科学技术会议论文集索引 101 题目title 102 摘要abstract 103 全文full-text 104 参考文献reference 105 联络单位、所属单位affiliation 106 主题词Subject 107 关键字keyword 108 ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers 美国土木工程师协会 109 FHWA Federal Highway Administration 联邦公路总署

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第一课土木工程学 土木工程学作为最老的工程技术学科,是指规划,设计,施工及对建筑环境的管理。此处的环境包括建筑符合科学规范的所有结构,从灌溉和排水系统到火箭发射设施。 土木工程师建造道路,桥梁,管道,大坝,海港,发电厂,给排水系统,医院,学校,公共交通和其他现代社会和大量人口集中地区的基础公共设施。他们也建造私有设施,比如飞机场,铁路,管线,摩天大楼,以及其他设计用作工业,商业和住宅途径的大型结构。此外,土木工程师还规划设计及建造完整的城市和乡镇,并且最近一直在规划设计容纳设施齐全的社区的空间平台。 土木一词来源于拉丁文词“公民”。在1782年,英国人John Smeaton为了把他的非军事工程工作区别于当时占优势地位的军事工程师的工作而采用的名词。自从那时起,土木工程学被用于提及从事公共设施建设的工程师,尽管其包含的领域更为广阔。 领域。因为包含范围太广,土木工程学又被细分为大量的技术专业。不同类型的工程需要多种不同土木工程专业技术。一个项目开始的时候,土木工程师要对场地进行测绘,定位有用的布置,如地下水水位,下水道,和电力线。岩土工程专家则进行土力学试验以确定土壤能否承受工程荷载。环境工程专家研究工程对当地的影响,包括对空气和地下水的可能污染,对当地动植物生活的影响,以及如何让工程设计满足政府针对环境保护的需要。交通工程专家确定必需的不同种类设施以减轻由整个工程造成的对当地公路和其他交通网络的负担。同时,结构工程专家利用初步数据对工程作详细规划,设计和说明。从项目开始到结束,对这些土木工程专家的工作进行监督和调配的则是施工管理专家。根据其他专家所提供的信息,施工管理专家计算材料和人工的数量和花费,所有工作的进度表,订购工作所需要的材料和设备,雇佣承包商和分包商,还要做些额外的监督工作以确保工程能按时按质完成。 贯穿任何给定项目,土木工程师都需要大量使用计算机。计算机用于设计工程中使用的多数元件(即计算机辅助设计,或者CAD)并对其进行管理。计算机成为了现代土木工程师的必备品,因为它使得工程师能有效地掌控所需的大量数据从而确定建造一项工程的最佳方法。 结构工程学。在这一专业领域,土木工程师规划设计各种类型的结构,包括桥梁,大坝,发电厂,设备支撑,海面上的特殊结构,美国太空计划,发射塔,庞大的天文和无线电望远镜,以及许多其他种类的项目。结构工程师应用计算机确定一个结构必须承受的力:自重,风荷载和飓风荷载,建筑材料温度变化引起的胀缩,以及地震荷载。他们也需确定不同种材料如钢筋,混凝土,塑料,石头,沥青,砖,铝或其他建筑材料等的复合作用。 水利工程学。土木工程师在这一领域主要处理水的物理控制方面的种种问题。他们的项目用于帮助预防洪水灾害,提供城市用水和灌溉用水,管理控制河流和水流物,维护河滩及其他滨水设施。此外,他们设计和维护海港,运河与水闸,建造大型水利大坝与小型坝,以及各种类型的围堰,帮助设计海上结构并且确定结构的位置对航行影响。 岩土工程学。专业于这个领域的土木工程师对支撑结构并影响结构行为的土壤和岩石的特性进行分析。他们计算建筑和其他结构由于自重压力可能引起的沉降,并采取措施使之减少到最小。他们也需计算并确定如何加强斜坡和填充物的稳定性以及如何保护结构免受地震和地下水的影响。 环境工程学。在这一工程学分支中,土木工程师设计,建造并监视系统以提供安全的饮用水,同时预防和控制地表和地下水资源供给的污染。他们也设计,建造并监视工程以控制甚至消除对土地和空气的污染。

(完整版)土木工程专业英语常用词汇

Part IV:Commonly Used Professional Terms of Civil Engineering development organization 建设单位 design organization 设计单位 construction organization 施工单位 reinforced concrete 钢筋混凝土 pile 桩 steel structure 钢结构 aluminium alloy 铝合金 masonry 砌体(工程)reinforced ~ 配筋砌体load-bearing ~ 承重砌体unreinforced ~非配筋砌体 permissible stress (allowable stress) 容许应力plywood 胶合板 retaining wall 挡土墙 finish 装修 finishing material装修材料 ventilation 通风 natural ~ 自然通风 mechanical ~ 机械通风 diaphragm wall (continuous concrete wall) 地下连续墙 villa 别墅 moment of inertia 惯性矩 torque 扭矩 stress 应力normal ~ 法向应力shear ~ 剪应力 strain 应变 age hardening 时效硬化 air-conditioning system空调系统 (air) void ration(土)空隙比 albery壁厨,壁龛 a l mery壁厨,贮藏室 anchorage length锚固长度 antiseismic joint 防震缝 architectural appearance 建筑外观 architectural area 建筑面积 architectural design 建筑设计 fiashing 泛水 workability (placeability) 和易性 safety glass安全玻璃 tempered glass (reinforced glass) 钢化玻璃foamed glass泡沫玻璃 asphalt沥青 felt (malthoid) 油毡 riveted connection 铆接 welding焊接 screwed connection 螺栓连接 oakum 麻刀,麻丝 tee三通管 tap存水弯 esthetics美学 formwork 模板(工程) shoring 支撑 batching 配料 slipform construction (slipforming) 滑模施工 lfit-slab construction 升板法施工 mass concrete 大体积混凝土 terrazzo水磨石 construction joint 施工缝 honeycomb蜂窝,空洞,麻面 piled foundation桩基 deep foundation 深基础 shallow foundation浅基础 foundation depth基础埋深 pad foundation独立基础 strip foundation 条形基础 raft foundation筏基 box foundation箱形基础 BSMT=basement 地下室 lift 电梯electric elevator lift well电梯井 escalator 自动扶梯 Poisson’s ratio 泊松比μ Young’s modulus , modulus of elasticity 杨氏模量,弹性模量E safety coefficient 安全系数 fatigue failure 疲劳破坏 bearing capacity of foundations 地基承载力bearing capacity of a pile 单桩承载力 two-way-reinforcement 双向配筋 reinforced concrete two-way slabs钢筋混凝土双向板 single way slab单向板 window blind 窗帘sun blind wind load 风荷载 curing 养护 watertight concrete 防水混凝土 white cement白水泥 separating of concrete混凝土离折segregation of concrete mortar 砂浆~ joint 灰缝 pilaster 壁柱 fire rating耐火等级 fire brick 耐火砖 standard brick标准砖

土木工程专业英语课文原文及对照翻译

土木工程专业英语课文原 文及对照翻译 Newly compiled on November 23, 2020

Civil Engineering Civil engineering, the oldest of the engineering specialties, is the planning, design, construction, and management of the built environment. This environment includes all structures built according to scientific principles, from irrigation and drainage systems to rocket-launching facilities. 土木工程学作为最老的工程技术学科,是指规划,设计,施工及对建筑环境的管理。此处的环境包括建筑符合科学规范的所有结构,从灌溉和排水系统到火箭发射设施。 Civil engineers build roads, bridges, tunnels, dams, harbors, power plants, water and sewage systems, hospitals, schools, mass transit, and other public facilities essential to modern society and large population concentrations. They also build privately owned facilities such as airports, railroads, pipelines, skyscrapers, and other large structures designed for industrial, commercial, or residential use. In addition, civil engineers plan, design, and build complete cities and towns, and more recently have been planning and designing space platforms to house self-contained communities. 土木工程师建造道路,桥梁,管道,大坝,海港,发电厂,给排水系统,医院,学校,公共交通和其他现代社会和大量人口集中地区的基础公共设施。他们也建造私有设施,比如飞机场,铁路,管线,摩天大楼,以及其他设计用作工业,商业和住宅途径的大型结构。此外,土木工程师还规划设计及建造完整的城市和乡镇,并且最近一直在规划设计容纳设施齐全的社区的空间平台。 The word civil derives from the Latin for citizen. In 1782, Englishman John Smeaton used the term to differentiate his nonmilitary engineering work from that of the military engineers who predominated at the time. Since then, the term civil engineering has often been used to refer to engineers who build public facilities, although the field is much broader 土木一词来源于拉丁文词“公民”。在1782年,英国人John Smeaton为了把他的非军事工程工作区别于当时占优势地位的军事工程师的工作而采用的名词。自从那时起,土木工程学被用于提及从事公共设施建设的工程师,尽管其包含的领域更为广阔。 Scope. Because it is so broad, civil engineering is subdivided into a number of technical specialties. Depending on the type of project, the skills of many kinds of civil engineer specialists may be needed. When a project begins, the site is surveyed and mapped by civil engineers who locate utility placement—water, sewer, and power lines. Geotechnical specialists perform soil experiments to determine if the earth can bear the weight of the project. Environmental specialists study the project’s impact on the local area: the potential for air and

土木工程专业英语

non-destructive test 非破损检验 non-load—bearingwall 非承重墙 non—uniform cross—section beam 变截面粱 non—uniformly distributed strain coefficient of longitudinal tensile reinforcement 纵向受拉钢筋应变不均匀系数 normal concrete 普通混凝土 normal section 正截面 notch and tooth joint 齿连接 number of sampling 抽样数量 O obligue section 斜截面 oblique—angle fillet weld 斜角角焊缝 one—way reinforced(or prestressed)concrete slab “单向板” open web roof truss 空腹屋架, ordinary concrete 普通混凝土(28) ordinary steel bar 普通钢筋(29) orthogonal fillet weld 直角角焊缝(61) outstanding width of flange 翼缘板外伸宽度(57) outstanding width of stiffener 加劲肋外伸宽度(57) over-all stability reduction coefficient of steel beam·钢梁整体稳定系数(58) overlap 焊瘤(62) overturning or slip resistance analysis 抗倾覆、滑移验算(10) P padding plate 垫板(52) partial penetrated butt weld 不焊透对接焊缝(61) partition 非承重墙(7) penetrated butt weld 透焊对接焊缝(60) percentage of reinforcement 配筋率(34) perforated brick 多孔砖(43) pilastered wall 带壁柱墙(42) pit·凹坑(62) pith 髓心(?o) plain concrete structure 素混凝土结构(24) plane hypothesis 平截面假定(32) plane structure 平面结构(11) plane trussed lattice grids 平面桁架系网架(5) plank 板材(65) plastic adaption coefficient of cross—section 截面塑性发展系数(58) plastic design of steel structure 钢结构塑性设计(56) plastic hinge·塑性铰(13) plastlcity coefficient of reinforced concrete member in tensile zone 受拉区混凝土塑性影响系数

土木工程专业英语词汇汇总

A Type Wooden Ladder A字木梯 A-frame A型骨架 A-truss A型构架 Abandon 废弃 Abandoned well 废井 Aberration of needle 磁针偏差Abnormal pressure 异常压力abnormally high pressure 异常高压Abort 中止 abrasion 磨损 Abrasion surface 浪蚀面 abrasive cut-off machine 磨切机Abrasive Cutting Wheel 拮碟abrasive grinding machine 研磨机Abrasive Grinding Wheel 磨碟abrasive particle 磨料颗粒 Absolute address 绝对地址Absolute altitude 绝对高度Absolute damping 绝对阻尼Absolute deviation 绝对偏差Absolute flying height 绝对航高Absolute gravity 绝对重力 absolute permeability 绝对渗透率absolute porosity 绝对孔隙率absolute temperature 绝对温度absorbability 吸收性;吸附性absorption 吸收 abutment 桥墩 abutting end 邻接端 acceleration 加速 acceleration lane 加速车道Acceleration of gravity 重力加速度acceleration pedal 加速器踏板accelerator 催凝剂;加速器;催化剂acceptance criteria 接受准则 access 通路;通道 access door 检修门;通道门access lane 进出路径 access panel 检修门 access point 入口处;出入通道处access ramp 入口坡道;斜通道access road 通路;通道 access shaft 竖井通道 access spiral loop 螺旋式回旋通道access staircase 通道楼梯 access step 出入口踏步 access tunnel 隧道通道 accessible roof 可到达的屋顶accessory 附件;配件accident 事故;意外 accidental collapse 意外坍塌 accommodate 装设;容纳 accredited private laboratory 认可的私 人实验室 accumulator 储压器;蓄电池 accuracy limit 精度限制 acetylene cylinder 乙炔圆筒 Acetylene Hose 煤喉 Acetylene Regulator 煤表 acid plant 酸洗设备;酸洗机 acid pump 酸液泵 acid tank 酸液缸 acidic rock 酸性岩 acoustic couplant 声耦合剂 acoustic coupler 声音藕合器;音效藕 合器 acoustic lining 隔音板 acoustic screen 隔声屏 Acoustic wave 声波 acrylic paint 丙烯漆料(压克力的油漆) acrylic sheet 丙烯胶片(压克力的胶片) active corrosion 活性腐蚀 active earth pressure 主动土压力 active fault 活断层 active oxidation 活性氧化 actual plot ratio 实际地积比率 actuator 促动器;唧筒;激发器 adapt 改装 adaptor 适配器;承接器;转接器; addition 增设;加建 additional building works 增补建筑工 程 additional horizontal force 额外横向力 additional plan 增补图则(附加的平面 图) additional vent 加设通风口 additive 添加剂 Address 地址 adhesive 黏结剂;胶黏剂 adhesive force 附着力 Adhesive Glue 万能胶 Adhesive Reflective Warning Tape 反 光警告贴纸 adit 入口;通路;坑道口 adjacent construction 相邻建造物 adjacent level 相邻水平 adjacent site 相邻基地 adjacent street 相邻街道 adjoining area 毗邻地区 adjoining building 毗邻建筑物 adjoining land 毗邻土地 adjoining structure 毗邻构筑物 adjustable 可调校 Adjustable Wrench Spanner 昔士 adjuster 调节器 adjustment 调校;调整 Administrative Lawsuit 行政诉讼 Administrative Remedy 行政救济 admixture 掺合剂;外加剂 advance directional sign 前置指路标 志;方向预告标志 advance earthworks 前期土方工程 advance warning sign 前置警告标志 advance works 前期工程 aeration 曝气 aeration tank 曝气池 aerial 天线 Aerial mapping 航空测图 aerial photograph 航测照片 Aerial photography 航照定位 aerial rapid transit system 高架快速运 输系统 aerial ropeway 高架缆车系统 aerial view 鸟瞰图 aerofoil 翼型 aerosol 悬浮微粒;喷雾 aerosphere 大气圈 affix 贴附 aftercooler 后冷却器 afterfilter 后过滤器 aftershock 余震 agent 作用剂;代理人 aggradation 堆积 aggregate 骨材;集料;碎石 aggregate area 总面积 aggregate grading 骨材级配 aggregate superficial area 表面总面积 aggregate usable floor space 总楼地板 空间 agitator 搅拌器;搅动机 air bleeding 放气(空气渗出) air blower 鼓风机 air brake 气压制动器 Air chambor 气室 air circuit 空气回路 air circuit breaker 空气断路器 air cleaner 空气滤清器

土木工程专业英语修正版

Take the road of sustainable development civil engineering Abstract: Civil Engineering is the oldest in human history "technical science" as a system of industrial activity, the essence of civil engineering production process, is a technical process Civil engineering is the construction of various facilities in science and technology, collectively, both refer to the construction of the object, that is built on the ground, underground, water facilities, a variety of projects, but also refers to the application of materials, equipment and carried out survey and design , construction, maintenance, repair and other technology. As an important basis for discipline, civil engineering has its important attributes: a comprehensive, social, practical, technical and economic and artistic unity. With the progress of human society and development, civil engineering has already evolved into large-scale comprehensive subject, and has many branches, such as: construction, railroad engineering, road engineering, bridge engineering, specialty engineering structures, water supply and drainage projects, port engineering, hydraulic engineering, environmental engineering and other disciplines. There are six professional civil engineering: architecture, urban planning, civil engineering, built environment and equipment engineering, water supply and drainage works and road and bridge projects. Civil engineering is a form of human activity. Human beings pursued it to change the natural environment for their own benefit. Buildings, transportations, facilities, infrastructures are all included in civil engineering. The development of civil engineering has a long history. Our seniors had left a lot of great constructions to us. For example, Zhao Zhou Bridge is the representative of our Chinese civil engineering masterpieces. It has a history of more than 1300 years and is still service at present. Civil engineering has been so rapid development of the period. A lot of new bridges have been constructed, and many greater plans are under discussion. China is a large county. And she is still well developing. However, civil engineers will be facing more complex problems. We should pay attention to the growing population and a lot of deteriorating infrastructures. We should prepare for the possibility of natural disasters. To meet grow needs in the

土木工程专业英语原文及翻译

土木工程专业英语原文 及翻译 文档编制序号:[KKIDT-LLE0828-LLETD298-POI08]

08 级土木(1) 班课程考试试卷 考试科目专业英语 考试时间 学生姓名 所在院系土木学院 任课教师 徐州工程学院印制 Stability of Slopes Introduction Translational slips tend to occur where the adjacent stratum is at a relatively shallow depth below the surface of the slope:the failure surface tends to be plane and roughly parallel to the slips usually occur where the adjacent stratum is at greater depth,the failure surface consisting of curved and plane sections. In practice, limiting equilibrium methods are used in the analysis of slope stability. It is considered that failure is on the point of occurring along an assumed or a known failure surface.The shear strength required to maintain a condition of limiting equilibrium is compared with the available shear strength of the soil,giving the average factor of safety along the failure surface.The problem is considered in two dimensions,conditions of plane strain being assumed.It has been shown that a two-dimensional analysis gives a conservative result for a failure on a three-dimensional(dish-shaped) surface. Analysis for the Case of φu =0 This analysis, in terms of total stress,covers the case of a fully saturated clay under undrained conditions, . For the condition immediately after construction.Only moment equilibrium is considered in the analysis.In section, the potential failure surface is assumed to be a circular arc. A trial failure surface(centre O,radius r and length L a where F is the factor of safety with respect to shear strength.Equating moments about O:

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