中考总复习英语动词时态讲解专题

金牌英语九年级高频考点精编教材

动词时态和语态

考点一动词时态的判定及用法

重难点精析:

四川对一般现在时、现在进行时、一般过去时、过去进行时、现在完成时、一般将来时都是作为重点考查的，要掌握这些时态的基本构成和功能，考生首先要根据一些暗示词去确定时态，再结合具体时态构成去确定最终答案，做时态题常用的解题方法为排除法。

一、一般现在时

构成：make/ makes (以make为例)

一般现在时主要用动词原形表示，但是当主语是第三人称单数或者单数名词时，动词的形式要发生变化，其变化规律是：

1. 一般动词后加-s, 如：wears, reads, plays, likes,

2.以s, x, ch, sh结尾，后加-es, 如：watches, brushes,

3.以辅音字母+o结尾，一般加-es, 如：goes, does,

4.辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i，再加-es, 如：worries, carries.

Be动词一般现在时的特殊形态是：am, is, are。Have的第三人称单数是has。

用法：

(1)表示习惯性、永久性或反复发生的动作（常同often, sometimes, usually, always, twice a

month, on Sundays, every week等连用）。

如：He usually leaves for school at seven in the morning. 他经常早上7点去学校。

(2)表示特征、能力或状态。

如：She is always ready to help others.她总是乐于助人。

(3)表示普遍真理、事实，也用在格言中。

如：The moon moves around the earth.月亮绕着地球转。

(4)在由when, if, after, before, as soon as，though, although等引导的时间、条件、让步（虽

然尽管）状语从句中，用一般现在时表将来。如：I’ll call you as soon as I get the news.

我一得到消息就给你打电话。

二、一般过去时

构成：made (以make为例）

暗示词：just now, ... ago, in nineteen eighty, last month, this morning, yesterday, the other day, last night, used to, at ten o’clock, last year, at the end of last term

动词过去式的变化规律：

1. 一般动词词尾加-ed, 如：walked, looked, finished,

2. 以字母e结尾的动词后加-d，如：lived, decided, noticed,

3. 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-ed，如：hurried, carried,

4. 以元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，先双写该辅音字母，再加-ed, 如：

stopped, stepped。以上是规则变化，还有一些动词的过去式是不规则变化，如：do—did, have —had, be—was/were, swim—swam等，参见英语书后不规则动词表。

用法：

(1)表示过去所发生的动作或存在的状态，或过去的习惯或经常发生的动作。

如：We went to the History Museum last Monday.上周一我们去了历史博物馆。

(2)主句的谓语动词如用现在完成时，其后接的since引导的从句须用一般过去时。

如：It’s been a long time since we lived here.我们住在这儿已经很长时间了。

三、一般将来时

构成：will make/ is going to make (以make为例）

暗示词：tomorrow, tomorrow morning, next year, next Sunday morning, from now on, soon, in a few years, in the future

用法：

(1)表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。

如：It’s going to be a fine day tomorrow.明天将天气晴朗。

(2)在条件状语从句中，主句如果是现在时或将来时，从句要用一般现在时代替将来时。

如：I will give the book to you when I finish reading it.当我读完这本书时，我将会把它还给你。

其他一些表示将来时的结构。

1)be going to do:表示打算、准备做的事或即将发生或肯定要发生的事。

2)be to do:表示按计划安排要发生的事，按职责、义务和要求必须做的事或用来征求对方的意见。

3)go, come, leave, start, begin, stay, do, take等用于一般现在时，表示按计划节目单或时刻表

要发生的事。

4)be about to do:表示即将做某事。（不能跟将来的时间状语）

四、现在进行时

构成：am/ is/ are making （以make为例）

暗示词：now, at present, at the moment, these days, look, listen

动词现在分词的变化规律：

1. 一般情况下，动词后直接加-ing，如：working, buying, visiting,

2. 以不发音的e结尾的动词，去掉e，然后再加-ing, 如：taking, having, leaving,

3. 以辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，双写末尾辅音字母，然后加-ing，如：

stopping, running, swimming,

4. 特殊变化，如：lie—lying.

用法：

(1)表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事。

如：The telephone is ringing. Could you answer it, please?电话正在响，你可以接听一下吗？

(2)表示某个按最近计划或安排将要进行的动作。

如：I’m visiting Chongqing this week.这周我将参观重庆。

(3)come, go, leave, start, arrive, fly等表示位置移动的词可以用进行时表示最近计划要发生的

动作。如：We are going to the park tomorrow.明天我们去公园。

五、过去进行时

构成：was or were making（以make为例）

暗示词：then, at that time, at this time yesterday, when, while

用法：

(1)表示过去某时刻或一段时间内正在进行的动作。

如：I was reading when he came in.当他进来的时候，我正在读书。

(2)和现在进行时一样，可以用来代替一般过去时；带有感情色彩，表示赞美、厌烦等情绪。

如：He was always complaining about something.他总是抱怨一些事情。

(3)表示从过去某个时间看出要发生的事（按计划或安排要进行的动作，往往没有一个表示未来时间

的状语）

如：I asked him whether he was coming back for supper.我问他是否回来吃晚饭。

六、现在完成时

构成：have or has made（以make为例）

用法：

(1)到现在为止这一时期发生的情况；可能是多次动作的总和，也可表示状态或习惯性的动作。现在

完成时表示开始于过去并持续到现在（也许还会持续下去）的动作或状态

①现在完成时的这种用法通常与since 和for 连用。

Since + 一段时间的起点（在since引导的从句中一般用过去时）

For + 一段时间（如，three days, two years ）

如：He has been ill for three days.他已经病了三天了。

They have lived here since 1989. 从1989年起他们就住在这里了。

He has been here since two o’clock. 他从十点种就在这里了。

I’ve known her for a long time. 我认识她很长时间了。

②现在完成时与so far (到目前为止), up till now (直到现在) 等短语连用

如：Up till now I’ve only learned a thousand English words. 到现在我只学了1000个英语单词。

注意：have gone (to) 表示“到某地去了”，此时人还在那里（没回）。

----Where is Tom ? ---He has gone to London. 汤姆在哪儿？他已经去伦敦了。

have been (to) 表示“到过某地”，此时人并不在那里（回了）。

I have been to the Great Wall of China twice. 我去过两次中国的长城。

have been in强调“过去曾去过”之意，表示经验；have been to的意思是“过去到过而现在已返回”，它强调“最近的经历”；have gone to表示“动作的完成”，强调人已离开说话的地方。

(2)对现在有影响的某一发生的动作。表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结

果。这种用法有时不带时间状语，有时同just, already, yet, recently, never, ever, before 等表示不确定时间的副词连用。

如：I’ve just sent a fax to them. 我刚刚给他们发了一份传真。

The film hasn’t started yet. 电影还没有开始。

---Have you typed my letter already ?---Yes, I have. 你已经把我的信打好了吗？已经打好了。

We’ve bought a new house. 我们已经买了座新房子。

Thank you, I’ve had my supper.谢谢你，我已经吃过晚饭了。

注意：在有表示过去的时间状语（last…, yesterday, …ago, when等）时，不能用现在完成

时。

(3)already, yet, just, ever, never等副词即表示到现在为止这段时间的状语，如：up till now, so

far, this week, recently, this morning等多于现在完成时连用。

如：So far, they have only finished half the task.到目前为止，他们只完成了一半的任务。现在完成时（重点考查）

1. 表示过去所发生的动作或事情对现在的影响或产生的结果，着眼点在现在。现在完成时常与不确

定的过去的时间状语连用，如：yet, just, before, recently, once, already, lately等，但不能同特定的过去时间状语连用。

如：He has only been to the Great Wall once.他去过长城一次。

2. 表示一个从过去某个时间开始，延续到现在，并可能一直延续下去的动作。常与表示一段时间的

状语连用，如：so far, up to now, since, for等。

如：I have been in the Youth Volunteers for five years.我来到青年志愿者有五年了。

七、过去完成时

构成：had + 动词过去分词，否定式在had后加not，疑问式把had提前。

用法：

(1)过去完成时表示在过去某时之前结束的动作或状态，也就时说时在“过去的过去”。

如：When we got there the basketball match had already started.

我们到那里时，篮球比赛已经开始了。

He told me that he had seen the film the day before. 他告诉我，他前一天看过这部电影。

(2)过去完成时表示持续到过去某时之前的动作或状态。

如：He had worked here for ten years by the end of last month. 到上个月底，他已在这里工作10年了。

如:He said that the university had changed a lot since he left.

他说，自他离开之后，这所大学发生了很大的变化。

八、过去将来时

表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。

过去将来时常用于宾语从句和间接引语中。

构成（句型如下：）和一般将来时一样，只不过把助动词be变为过去式，把will，shall变为过去式

主语+be（was，were）going to+动词原形～

主语+would（should）+动词原形～

用法：

(1)一般过去将来时表示在过去将来的某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态。一般过去将来时常用在间

接引语中，主句谓语动词为过去时态。

如: You know I would come. 你知道我会来的。

We never imagined that John would become a doctor. 我们从未想过约翰会成为一个医生。

I didn''t know if he would come. =I didn''t know if he was going to come.

我不知道他是否会来。

She was sixty-six. In three years，she would be sixty-nine. 她66岁了。三年后，她是69岁。

She told us that she would not go with us，if it rained.

她告诉我们，如果下雨，她就不和我们一起去了。

(2)过去将来时有进可带时间状语。如

He said he would come back the next day. 他说他第二天回来。

(3)过去将来时常可用来表示过去习惯性的动作。此时，不管什么人称，一律用would。

This door wouldn't open. 这扇门老是打不开。

Whenever he had time，he would do some reading. 他一有时间，总是看书。

I would play with him when was a child. 当我还是孩童时，总是和他一起玩。

考点二动词语态的判定及用法

被动语态的用法

通过分析四川近三年真题，对于被动语态的考查主要从两个层面入手：

(1)选项全是被动语态的，须要从主语和时间状语和时间状语分别判断被动语态的数和时态；

(2)选项中有主动语态也有被动语态的，首先需要判定被动语态，其次判断其时态和数。

如何辨别主动语态和被动语态：

①主动语态中主语谓语动词的发出者。宾语是谓语动词的对象。

②被动语态中主语是谓语动词的承受者（动作的对象）。

在下列三种情况之一要用被动语态：

A.不知道动作的执行者是谁，用被动语态。如：Rice is grown in the south of China.中国南方种水稻。

B.没有必要指出准是动作的执行者，用被动语态。

如：—Excuse me, Sir, smoking isn’t allowed in the gas station.

打扰一下，先生，加气站是不允许吸烟的。

—Oh, I’m really sorry. 哦，真地很抱歉。

C.需要强调动作的承受者时，用被动语态。

如：Your work must be finished today.你们的工作必须今天完成。

高中英语时态专题讲解

时态是英语谓语动词的一种形式,表示动作发生的时间和所处的状态.英语中的时态是通过动词形式本身的变化来实现的.英语有16种时态,但中学阶段较常用的有十种:一般现在时,一般过去时,一般将来时,过去将来时,现在进行时,过去进行时,将来进行时,过去完成时,英在完成时和现在完成进行时. 1.一般现在时的用法 1) 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。时间状语： every..., sometimes, at..., on Sunday。例如： I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。 2) 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。例如： The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。 Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。 3) 表示格言或警句。例如： Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例：Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。 4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如： I don't want so much. 我不要那么多。 Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不错，讲的可不行。比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。 I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功课。第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。

常见的八种英语时态详解精编版

常见的八种英语时态详解时态（Tense）是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。因此，当我们说时态结构的时候，指的是相应时态下的动词形式。英语时态分为16种 1. 一般现在时基本结构：①be动词am/is/are；②行为动词原形或单数第三人称。否定形式：①am ／is ／are ＋________；②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加_________，如主语为第三人称单数，则用___________，同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句：①把be动词放于句首；②用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，用does，同时，还原行为动词。提示词：always , everyday , often , once a week (month , year , etc.) , sometimes , seldom , usually 1) 描述当前时间内经常出现、反复发生的动作或存在的状态。 She doesn't often write to her family, only once a month. It seldom rains here .这儿很少下雨。 2）仅为了描述状态、性质、特征、能力等等。这里的目的是为了"描述现阶段的动作或状态"，其重点"不是强调动作发生的时间、或进行的状态"。例如：

He can speak five foreign languages . Changjiang River is one of the longest rivers in the world. 3) 陈述客观事实、客观真理。 The earth goes around the sun .地球绕着太阳转。 4) 根据英文语法规定，当主句的谓语动词是一般将来时，那么时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。例如： I'll tell him the news when he comes back. 他回来时，我将告诉他这个消息。 If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details. 5）现在时的特殊用法：一般现在时表过去 1. 用于某些动词(tell, say, hear, learn, gather等)表示不确定的过去时间。如： I hear that he got married last month. 我听说他上个月结婚了。 Mary says you told her to come over here. 玛丽说是你让她到这儿来的。 2. 当要陈述一个客观事实时，有时即使有过去时间状语也可用一般现在时。如： The story is set in the summer of 1937. 故事的背景是1937年夏天。 The story begins in the year 1937. 故事开始于1937年。练习 1)He always _____ ( get）up early. 2)Mary often ______（do）some shopping on Sundays 3).I’ll go with you as soon as I_______（finish)my homework. 4)If he _______(come) here, I will tell you 5）The earth ________( move) round the sun. 6)Tom sometimes ________(have) lunch at school. 7)Lily usually ________(fly) kites on weekends.

初中英语动词时态讲解及练习

16种英语时态总结归纳时态（Tense）是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。因此，当我们说时态结构的时候，指的是相应时态下的动词形式。英语时态分为16种：一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、过去将来时，以及这四者的进行时、完成时和完成进行时。 1. 一般现在时用法：A) 表示现在发生的动作、情况、状态和特征。 B) 习惯用语。C) 经常性、习惯性动作。例：He always helps others. （他总是帮助别人。） D) 客观事实和普遍真理。尤其要注意，如果前后文不是一般现在时，则无法保持主句、从句时态一致。 E) 表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作，（仅限于某些表示“来、去、动、停、开始、结束、继续”等的动词）可以与表示未来时间的状语搭配使用。常见的用法是：飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通方式。例：The next train leaves at 3 o'clock this afternoon.（下一趟火车今天下午3点开车。） How often does this shuttle bus run? （这班车多久一趟？） F) 在时间和条件状语从句里经常用一般现在（有时也用现在完成时）表示将来事情。例：When you have finished the report, I will have waited for about 3 hours.（等你完成这份报告的时候，我就已经等了将近3个小时了。） 2. 现在进行时(be doing) 用法：现在正在进行的动作。 3. 现在完成时(have done) 用法： A) 表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成。例：I bought a new house, but I _________ my old one yet, so at the moment I have two houses. A) didn't sell B) sold C) haven't sold D) would sell 答案是C) haven't sold。 B) 表示从过去某时刻开始，持续到现在的动作或情况，并且有可能会继续延续下去。此时经常用延续性动词。时间状语常用since加一个过去的时间点，或for 加一段时间，或by加一个现在时间。例：Great as Newton was, many of his ideas ___________ today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time. A) are to challenge C) have been challenged B) may be challenged D) are challenging 全句的意思是：“虽然牛顿是个伟大的人物，但他的许多见解直到今天还在受到挑战，并且被现代科学家的工作所修正。”challenge是及物动词，在本句中应当是被动语态；其动作延续到今天，所以要用现在完成时态。可见答案是C) have been challenged。A) are to challenge和D) are challenging都是主动语态，不可能是答案。B) may be challenged虽然是被动语态，但意思与全句内容不合，所以不对。 C) 表示发生在过去，但对现在仍有影响的动作或情况。通常用点动词，如：arrive, begin, find, give, lose等。例：John has broken his left leg.（约翰摔断了左腿。）注意事项 A) 现在完成时是联系过去和现在的纽带。现在完成时和过去时的区别在于：现在完成时强调动作的动态，或受动态的影响，是动态的结果，对现在有影响；过去时只表示过去的某个具体时间里发生的动作，与现在没有联系。

初中英语八大时态语态总复习时态讲解

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简单时态讲解及练习一、一般现在时一般现在时基本用法介绍一般现在时的功能： 1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。 2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。 3.表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。一般现在时的构成： 1. be动词：主语+be(am, is, are)+其它。如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。注意：（我用am，你用are，三单is，复数are。） 2.行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如：We study English.我们学习英语。注意：（当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时，要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。）一般现在时的变化： 1. be动词的变化。肯定句：主语+be+其它。如：He is a worker. 他是工人。否定句：主语+ be + not +其它。He is not a worker.他不是工人。一般疑问句：Be +主语+其它。(be动词移到句首) 如：I am a student. -Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not. 特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：My bike is under the tree. Is your bike under the tree? Where is your bike? 2.行为动词的变化。肯定句：主语+动词原形(+其它)。否定句：主语+ don't( doesn't ) +动词原形(+其它)。如：I like bread. I don't like bread. 当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesn't构成否定句。如：He often plays football. He doesn't often play football. 一般疑问句：Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。（句首加助动词do, does）如：I often play football. - Do you often play football? - Yes, I do. / No, I don't. 当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。如：She goes to school by bike. - Does she go to school by bike? - Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't. 特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：She goes to school by bike. Does she go to school by bike? How does she go to school? 动词+s的变化规则

(完整版)初中英语八大动词时态讲解

初中英语八大动词时态讲解动词的时态一共有16种，以ask为例，将其各种时态的构成形式列表如下：一、一般现在时 1、结构肯定式:主语+ am /is/are +其他否定式:主语+ am/is/are +not + 其他一般疑问句式:Am /Is /Are + 主语+ 其他? 简略回答: (肯) Yes,主语+ am/ is /are （否）No,主语+am/is/are not 肯定句式: 主语+动词原形/动词的第三人称单数+其他否定句式: 主语+（助动词）don't/doesn't +动词原形+其他一般疑问句式: Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他简略回答: (肯)Yes,主语+do/does (否)No,主语+do/does not 缩写形式: don't = do not doesn't = does not 2、用法 1）表示经常的或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的副词连用。常用的频度副词有：always、often、usually、seldom、never、sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays。频度副词在句中通常放在行为动词之前，系动词、助动词之后。例如: He often goes swimming in summer.他夏天经常游泳。 I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。 2）表示现在的状态。例如：My father is at work.He is very busy. 我父亲在工作，他很忙。 The boy is twelve. 这男孩十二岁。 3）表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等。例如：All my family love football .我全家人都喜欢足球。 My sister is always ready to help others . 我妹妹总是乐于助人。 Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不错，讲的可不行。 4）表示客观真理，客观存在，自然现象。例如：The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。 Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。 5）表示按计划或安排好的，或将要发生的动作，可用一般现在时表将来。但只限于start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,take place等瞬间动词。例如：The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。 He comes back tonight. 他今晚回来