高考英语二轮复习训练：专题一 阅读 第3讲 含解析

第二部分专题一第3讲

【真题达标组】

A

(2019 浙江卷，B)

Money_with_no_strings_attached. It's not something you see every day. But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month, a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read, “Give What You Can, Take What You Need.”

People quickly caught on. And while many took dollars, many others pinned their own cash to the board. “People of all ages, races, and socio－economic (社会经济的) backgrounds gave and took, ”said Tyler Bridges of The Toolbox, which creat ed the project. “We even had a bride in her wedding dress come up to the board and take a few dollars.” Most of the bills on the board were singles, but a few people left fives, tens and even twenties. The video clip (片段) shows one man who had found a $ 20 bill pinning it to the board.

“What I can say for the folks that gave the most, is that they were full of smiles，” Bridges said. “There's a certain feeling that giving can do for you and that was apparent in those that gave the most.” Most people who took dollars took only a few, but Bridges said a very small number took as much as they could.

While the clip might look like part of a new ad campaign, Bridges said the only goal was to show generosity and sympathy. He added that he hopes people in other cities might try similar projects and post their own videos on the Internet.

“After all, everyone has bad days and good days，”he said. “Some days you need a helping hand and some days you can be the one giving the helping hand.”

()1.What does the expression “money with no strings attached” in Paragraph 1 mean?

A．Money spent without hesitation.

B．Money not legally made.

C．Money offered without conditions.

D．Money not tied together.

()2.What did Bridges want to show by mentioning the bride?

A．Women tended to be more sociable.

B．The activity attracted various people.

C．Economic problems were getting worse.

D．Young couples needed financial assistance.

()3.Why did Bridges carry out the project?

A．To do a test on people's morals.

B．To raise money for his company.

C．To earn himself a good reputation.

D．To promote kindness and sympathy.

【语篇解读】本文简单介绍了Tyler Bridges在洛杉矶发起的The Toolbox及其影响、意义。

1．C句义猜测题。no strings attached指“无附加条件”；without conditions意为“无条件”，故选C。后文“Give What You Can”也可体现。

2．B推理判断题。根据第二段中的“People of all ages, races, and socio－economic backgrounds gave and took”可知有各种人都参与到了这个项目中，甚至包含新娘。

3．D推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Bridges said the only goal was to show generosity and sympathy.”可知这个项目的主要目的是鼓励人们心存善意、伸出援手。

B

(2018全国卷Ⅲ，D)

Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects.Why do we often assume that more_is_more when it comes to kids and their belongings? The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less.

I found the pre－holidays a good time to encourage young children to donate less－used things, and it worked.Because of our efforts, our daughter Georgia did decide to donate a large bag of toys to a little girl whose mother was unable to pay for her holiday due to illness.She chose to sell a few larger objects that were less often used when we promised to put the money into her school fund(基金)(our kindergarten daughter is serious about becoming a doctor)．

For weeks, I've been thinking of bigger, deeper questions: How do we make it a habit for them? And how do we train ourselves to help them live with, need, and use less? Yesterday, I sat with my son, Shepherd, determined to test my own theory on this.I decided to play with him with only one toy for as long as it would keep his interest.I expected that one toy would keep his attention for about five minutes, ten minutes, max.I chose a red rubber ball－simple, universally available.We passed it, he tried to put it in his mouth, he tried bouncing it, rolling it, sitting on it, throwing it.It was totally, completely enough for him.Before I knew it an hour had passed and it was time to move on to lunch.

We both became absorbed in the simplicity of playing together.He had my full attention and I had his.My little experiment to find joy in a single object worked for both of us.

()4.What do the words “more is more” in Paragraph 1 Probably mean?

A．The more, the better.

B．Enough is enough.

C．More money, more worries.

D．Earn more and spend more.

()5.What made Georgia agree to sell some of her objects?

A．Saving up for her holiday.

B．Raising money for a poor girl.

C．Adding the money to her fund.

D．Giving the money to a sick mother.

()6.Why did the author play the ball with Shepherd?

A．To try out an idea.

B．To show a parent's love.

C．To train his attention.

D．To help him start a hobby.

()7.What can be a suitable title for the text?

A．Take It or Leave It

B．A Lesson From Kids

C．Live More With Less

D．The Pleasure of Giving

【语篇解读】这是一篇夹叙夹议文，讲述了作者引导孩子主动捐献玩具，并从玩耍简单玩具中获得快乐的做法。

4．A词义猜测题。根据文章第一段最后一句“…I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less.”可以推断出，人们通常认为越多越好。故选A。

5．C细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“She chose to sell a few larger objects that were less often used when we promised to put the money into her school fund(基金)…”可知，当“我们”承诺给她把卖玩具的钱放到她的教育基金里时，她同意了卖玩具。故选C。

6．A细节理解题。根据文章最后一段最后一句“My little experiment to find joy in a single object worked for both of us.”表明，跟Shepherd玩球是为了测试自己的一种想法是否可行。故选A。

7．C主旨大意题。根据文章第一段可知，作者想要教会孩子“how to live more with less”，而接下来的第二、三段是作者的尝试，故C作标题适合。

C

(2018浙江卷，B)

Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks.His strange habit makes sense when you consider that he's an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter, including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road.What is even more interesting is that one of Stein's jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bag.

Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year.So many end up in tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts (收银台)．The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California, including Los Angeles.Eyeing these headwinds,_plastic－bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.

Among the bag makers' argument: many cities with bans still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags, which are easily recycled but require more energy to produce and transport.And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at, they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground today.

The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replacement: reusable shopping bags.The stronger a reusable bag is, the longer its life and the more plastic－bag use it

cancels out.However, longer－lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make.One study found that a cotton bag must be used at least 131 times to be better for the planet than plastic.

Environmentalists don't dispute(质疑) these points.They hope paper bags will be banned someday too and want shoppers to use the same reusable bags for years.

()8.What has Steven Stein been hired to do?

A．Help increase grocery sales.

B．Recycle the waste material.

C．Stop things falling off trucks.

D．Argue for the use of plastic bags.

()9.What does the w ord “headwinds” in Paragraph 2 refer to?

A．Bans on plastic bags.

B．Effects of city development.

C．Headaches caused by garbage.

D．Plastic bags hung in trees.

()10.What is a disadvantage of reusable bags according to plastic－bag makers?

A．They are quite expensive.

B．Replacing them can be difficult.

C．They are less strong than plastic bags.

D．Producing them requires more energy.

()11.What is the best title for the text?

A．Plastic, Paper or Neither

B．Industry, Pollution and Environment

C．Recycle or Throw Away

D．Garbage Collection and Waste Control

【语篇解读】本文讨论塑料袋和可以回收的袋子相比是否污染更大。一些人认为可以回收的袋子虽然很容易回收，但需要更多的能量来生产和运输，从这个角度来说，哪一个更环保还不能轻易确定。

8．D细节理解题。根据第二段的“…plastic－bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.”可知，塑料袋制造商正在雇佣像斯坦这样的科学家，以证明他们的产品并不像大多数人想象的那样坏，所以他是被雇佣来争取解除塑料袋使用禁令的，因此答案是D。

9．A词义猜测题。根据第二段第三句“The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California, including Los Angeles.”可知，在加利福尼亚的90个城市禁止使用塑料袋，包括洛杉矶，所以本句的headwinds应该表示“对塑料袋禁令”，所以答案是A。

10．D细节理解题。根据第三段的“Among the bag makers' arguments: many cities with bans still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags, which are easily recycled but require more energy to produce and transport.”可知，在制袋商的争论中：许多城市仍然允许购物者购买纸袋，纸袋很

容易回收，但需要更多的能量来生产和运输。所以答案是D。

11．A主旨大意题。根据整篇文章来看，主要是讨论塑料袋和可以回收的袋子哪一个更环保，所以题目应该选择A：Plastic, Paper or Neither。

【模拟提能组】

A

(江西新余四中2020届高三年级暑假检测)

What Theresa Loe is doing proves that a large farm isn't a prerequisite for a modern grow－your－own lifestyle. On a mere 1/10 of an acre in Los Angeles, Loe and her family grow, can (装罐) and preserve much of the food they consume.

Loe is a master food preserver, gardener and canning expert. She also operates a website, where she shares her tips and recipes, with the goal of demonstrating that everyone has the ability to control what's on their plate.

Loe initially went to school to become an engineer, but she quickly learned that her enthusiasm was mainly about growing and preparing her own food. “Got into cooking my own food and started growing my own herbs(香草)and foods for that fresh flavor，” she said. Engineer by day, Loe learned cooking at night school. She ultimately purchased a small piece of land with her husband and began growing their own foods.

“I teach people how to live farm－fresh without a farm，” Loe said. Through her website Loe emphasizes that “anybody can do this anywhere.” Got an apartment with a balcony (阳台)? Plant some herbs. A window perfect spot for growing. Start with herbs, she recommends, because “they're very for giving.” Just a little of the herbs “can take your regular cooking to a whole new level，”she added. “I think it's a great place to start.” “Then try growing something from a seed，” she said, “like a tomato or some tea.”

Canning is a natural extension of the planting she does. With every planted food, Loe noted, there's a moment when it's bursting with its absolute peak flavor. “I try to keep it in a time capsule in a canning jar，”Loe said. “Canning for me is about knowing what's in your food, knowing wher e it comes from.”

In addition to being more in touch with the food she's eating, another joy comes from passing this knowledge and this desire for good food to her children: “Influencing them and telling them your opinion on not only being careful what we eat but understanding the_bigger_picture，” she said, “that if we don't take care of the earth, no one will.”

()1.The underlined word “prerequisite” (Para.1)is closest in meaning to “_______”．A．recipe B．substitute

C．requirement D．challenge

()2.Why does Loe suggest starting with herbs?

A．They are used daily.

B．They are easy to grow.

C．They can grow very tall

D．They can be eaten uncooked.

()3.According to Loe, what is the benefit of canning her planted foods?

A．It can preserve their best flavor.

B．It can promote her online sales.

C．It can better her cooking skills.

D．It can improve their nutrition.

()4.What is the “the bigger picture” (Para. 6) that Loe wishes her children to understand?

A．The knowledge about good food.

B．The way to live a grow－our－own life.

C．The joy of getting in touch with foods.

D．The responsibility to protect our earth.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。Loe是“自己种植”现代生活方式的实践者，她热衷于自己种植香草和味道新鲜的食物，并将食物装入密封罐中保持以保持最佳的风味，更想通过自己的举动影响孩子们，让他们意识到保护地球的责任。

1．C词义猜测题。根据首段第二句“On a mere 1/10 of an acre… and preserve much of the food they consume.”可知面积并不是硬要求。该句句意为：Loe在那里所做的一切证明，一个大农场对“自己种植”现代生活方式来说并不是一个硬要求。故选C项。

2．B细节理解题。根据第四段中“Start with herbs… Just a little of the herbs…”可知，香草很容易生长。故选B项。

3．A细节理解题。根据第五段中“there's a moment when it's bursting with its absolute peak flavor. ‘I try to keep it in a time capsule in a canning jar’”可知，将种植的事物装入密封罐中保存的好处是能够保持最佳的风味。故选A项。

4．D推理判断题。根据最后一段中尾句“that if we don't take care of the earth, no one will”可知，“the bigger picture”指的是保护地球的责任。故选D项。

B

(长春市普通高中2019年高三质量监测二)

Sleep repairs the body and the mind and helps prevent disease by strengthening the immune system.However, many adults do not get eight hours of sleep each night.The average adult today gets only 6.4 hours of sleep.Only in recent years have health professionals begun to realize the seriousness of sleep deprivation in the working population.A significant number of people work at night, work long hours, or suffer from sleeplessness or jet lag(时差反应)．

Studies show that the brain is negatively affected by sleep deprivation because certain patterns of electrical and chemical activity that occur during sleep are interrupted and the brain cannot function normally.In one study, thirteen healthy adult subjects who usually had normal sleep patterns were kept awake and carefully monitored in a lab during a period of 35 hours.During the experiment, the subjects were asked to perform several tasks, such as mathematics and word problems, while undergoing scans of their brain activity.The researchers found that the temporal lobe (颞叶) of the brain, the region involved in language processing, was active during speech tasks in rested subjects

but not in subjects who lacked enough sleep.After several hours without sleep, there was no activity within this region.

Several studies show that getting fewer than six hours of sleep can damage short－term memory and reaction time —thus causing a serious risk of accident.In one study of drivers, researchers reported that sleep deprivation had the same effects as being drunk.They found that people who drove after being awake for 17 hours performed worse than those with a blood alcohol(血醇) level of 0.5 percent, the legal limit for drunk driving in most western European countries.The researchers concluded that countries with drunk driving laws should consider similar restrictions against sleep－deprived driving.

()5.The underlined word “deprivation” in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to “______”．

A．weakness

B．loss

C．discomfort

D．pain

()6.The passage mentions all of the following as causes of sleep deprivation EXCEPT______.

A．jet lag B．long work hours

C．boring work D．working at night

()7.The purpose of the study described in Paragraph 2 was to determine________.

A．how many hours people can survive without sleep

B．how people react when their sleep is interrupted

C．the changes in brain activity that occur during sleep

D．the effects of sleep deprivation on brain activity

()8.Why does the author mention blood alcohol level in Paragraph 3?

A．To show how sleep deprivation reduces the blood alcohol level.

B．To show that sleep deprivation has the same dangerous effects as being drunk.

C．To suggest that sleep－deprived drivers are also likely to drink.

D．To argue against raising the legal limit for drunk driving.

【语篇解读】本文介绍缺少睡眠给人带来的影响。研究表明睡眠剥夺对大脑活动产生不利的影响，它和醉酒有同样的危险作用。

5．B词义猜测题。根据第一段中“Only in recent years have health professionals begun to realize the seriousness of sleep deprivation in the working population.”及本句关键词seriousness可知，是缺少睡眠的后果。划线词意为“缺少，损失”，故选B。

6．C细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“A significant number of people work at night, work long hours, or suffer from sleeplessness or jet lag.”可知，句中提到A、B、D，故选C。

7．D细节理解题。根据第二段的“Studies show that the brain is negatively affected by sleep deprivation because certain patterns of electrical and chemical activity that occur during sleep are

interrupted and the brain cannot function normally.”可知，研究目的是确定睡眠剥夺对大脑活动的影响。故选D。

8．B推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Several studies show that getting fewer than six hours of sleep can damage short－term memory and reaction time —thus causing a serious risk of accident.In one study of drivers, researchers reported that sleep deprivation had the same effects as being drunk.”可知，作者提到血醇水平是为了表明睡眠剥夺和醉酒有同样的危险作用。故选B。

C

(江西赣州一中2019高三冲刺压轴试卷)

Most students, when asked about their ideal graduation gift, would probably reply, “a car”，or “money for a deposit on a house”．Cai Kaiyuan, 21, made a different choice.As a graduation gift to himself, he decided to work as a volunteer teacher in a remote village in Tibet.

Cai, a student at Hunan Railway Professional Technology College, at first planned to cycle from Sichuan to Tibet.It turned out cycling on a plateau(高原) was extremely challenging. And it has kept changing his opinion on life.Cai's hands even became painful while cycling up a 5008－meter －high mountain, where temperatures often dropped to 18 below zero.At night, the ice covered the road and he fell off his bike three times.Little oxygen made him feel dizzy and weak.“At the most serious moment, I felt that was on_the_line，” said Cai.

However, he also gained something unexpected.At Ya' an, a city in Sichuan, he met a group of tourists who are also university students.A girl called Wu Ling told him that she planned to work as a teacher in a primary school in Tibet after her journey.He was impressed by the idea as she looked weak.

It was not until he reached a family－run hotel in Shigatse that Cai's spirits began to rise.The hotel manager's two daughters enjoyed talking with him.The kids asked about his experiences on his trip, and showed him the beautiful local lakes.“They told me that they always liked to talk to guests, as they wanted to improve their Mandarin，”he said, “Their parents and many locals can only speak Tibetan.”

Cai was moved by the girls' story.Their situation is worse and the local people have little chance to learn Mandarin because the schools are short of teachers.“I want to do something to improve the situation for kids like them，” said Cai.His parents finally gave their agreement and his teachers also supported him.

()9.What is Cai Kaiyuan's graduation gift?

A．Cycling from Sichuan to Tibet.

B．Receiving money for a house.

C．Being a volunteer teacher in a Tibetan school.

D．Owning a new car and travelling around.

()10.What is Cai Kaiyuan's journey to Tibet like?

A．Special and comfortable.

B．Dangerous but meaningful.

C．Relaxing but unexpected.

D．Freezing cold and boring.

()11.The underlined phrase “on the line” in the second paragraph means “________”．

A．in a hurry

B．at risk

C．making a phone call

D．surfing the Internet

()12.The purpose of writing this passage is to ________.

A．tell us about an unusual graduation gift

B．introduce a dangerous journey to us

C．give advice on how to travel to Tibet

D．encourage us to be a teacher in Tibet

【语篇解读】这篇文章的主要目的是告诉读者大学毕业生Cai Kaiyuan的一份不寻常的毕业礼物：他的毕业礼物是到西藏的学校做志愿者老师。文章还介绍了他为什么会做出这样的决定。

9．C细节理解题。从文章第一段的句子“As a graduation gift to himself, he decided to work as a volunteer teacher in a distant village in Tibet.”可知，Cai Kaiyuan 的毕业礼物是到西藏的学校做志愿者老师，故选C。

10．B细节理解题。从文章第二段的句子“It turned out cycling on a plateau was quite difficullt.”和第三段的句子“However, he also gained something unexpected.”可知，Cai Kaiyuan 的西藏之行是有挑战的，但是也是有回报的，故选B。

11．B词义猜测题。从第二段的句子“At night, the ice covered the road and he fell off his bike three times. Little oxygen made him feel dizzy and weak.”可知，on the line是“有危险的”意思，故选B。

12．A写作意图题。从文章第一段的句子“Most students, when asked about their ideal graduation gift, would probably reply, ‘a car’，or ‘money for a house’．Cai Kaiyuan, 21, made a different choice.”可知，这篇文章的主要目的是告诉读者一份不寻常的毕业礼物，故选A。

D

(2019年四川乐山高三3月“一调”，C)

Oceanography has been defined as “The application of all sciences to the study of the sea”．Before the nineteenth century, scientists with an interest in the sea were few and far between(不多)．

Certainly Newton considered some theoretical aspects of it in his writings, but he was unwilling to go to sea to further his work.

For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental

travelers or others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it, let alone to ask what lay beneath the surface.The first time that the question “What is at the bottom of the oceans？” had to be answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable(电缆)from Europe to America was proposed.The engineers had to know the depth profile(起伏形状)of the route to estimate the length of cable that had to be made.

It was to Maury of the US Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Company turned, in 1853, for information on this matter.In the 1840s, Maury had been responsible for encouraging voyages during which soundings(测深)were taken to investigate the depths of the North Atlantic and Pacific https://www.360docs.net/doc/4112945959.html,ter, some of his findings aroused much popular interest in his book—The Physical Geography of the Sea.

The cable was laid, but not until 1866 was the connection made permanent and reliable.At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in living growths, a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea.

Within a few years oceanography was under way.In 1872 Thomson led a scientific expedition, which lasted for four years and brought home thousands of samples from the sea.Their classification and analysis occupied scientists for years and led to a five－volume report, the last volume being published in 1895.

()13.The passage implies that the telegraph cable was built mainly________.

A．for oceanographic studies

B．for military purposes

C．for business considerations

D．for investigating the depths of the oceans

()14.The aim of voyages Maury encouraged in the 1840s was________.

A．to make some sound experiments in the oceans

B．to collect samples of sea plants and animals

C．to estimate the length of cable that was to be made

D．to measure the depths of the two oceans

()15.The underlined word “defied” in the 4th paragraph probably means “________”．

A．doubted B．challenged

C．gave proof to D．agreed to

()16.The theme of this passage is about “ ________”．

A．the beginnings of oceanography

B．the laying of the first undersea cable

C．the investigation of ocean depths

D．the early intercontinental communications

【语篇解读】本文是一篇科普类短文，主要介绍了海洋学的发展历程。

13．C推理判断题。根据文章第三段中“The first time that the question…answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable(电缆) from Europe to America was proposed.”可知，当时铺设电报电缆主要出于商业目的。故选C项。

14．D细节理解题。根据第四段中“In the 1840s, Maury had been responsible for encouraging voyages during which soundings(测深)were taken to investigate the depths of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.”可知，大西洋电报公司向美国海军求助的目的是调查和测量北大西洋和太平洋的深度。故选D项。

15．B词义猜测题。联系上下文可知，当人们把电缆从海底取出来修理时，发现电缆上覆盖有活着的植物，而当时的科学观念认为，在海洋更深处没有生命存在，可知这个事实与当时的科学观念正好相反，故选B项。

16．A主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了海洋学的定义和早期发展。故选A 项。