高一英语语法(4)：动词的被动语态
高一英语语法（4）：动词的被动语态
一、常见的被动语态形式
主动语态：A do B
被动语态：B + be + done + (by A)；A承受者；B执行者
1. 以repair为例，写出以下时态的被动语态
2. 情态动词的被动语态（情态动词+ be + done）
*被动语态的时态是通过助动词be来体现的，与其后的done无关。
3. E.X.
1)You __________ (be, want) on the phone.有电话找你。
2)The city __________ (be, liberate) in 1949. 这座城市是1949年解放的。
3)They __________ (be,invite) to your party.他们将被邀请参加你的晚会。
4)The car ___________ (be, repair). 车正在修理当中
5)This book __________ (be, translate) into many languages. 这本书已被译成多
种语言。
6)The worker said that the tree __________ (be plant). 工人说要把树种上。
7)The door __________ (be, paint) then. 那时，那道门正在被刷漆。
8)The work __________ (be, finish) before dark.天黑前工作就完成了。
9)The work __________ (be, do) today.
10)His house __________ (be, sell). 他的房子卖掉了。
11)His house __________ (be, sell) so that he doesn’t have any house to live in. 他
二、被动语态的基本用法（承受者和执行者）
1.当强调动作的承受者，将承受者作为谈话的中心时用被动语态。如：
2.当没有必要说出动作的执行者或根本不知道动作的执行者是谁时通常用被动
语态。如：
（be, finish）by now.
3.当动作的执行者不是人而是无生命的事物时常用被动语态。如：
4.有时出于礼貌，不便提到动作的执行者，用被动语态。如：
Enough __________ (be, do) for you, but you’ve made little progress.为你做了很多，然而你却进步很少。（谦虚）
三、较为特殊的被动语态结构
1. 感官动词和使役动词的被动语态
doing（现在分词，表正在）
1）A + see/hear/notice/find/watch/observe + B
do（不带to的不定式，表过程）
B + be + seen / heard / noticed / found / watched / observed + to do（动词不定式）2）A + let / have / make + B + do（不带to的不定式）
B + be let / had / made + to do（动词不定式）
如：He was seen __________ (enter) the room.
2. 带复合宾语的动词在改为被动语态时，常把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留不动。
*双宾语：vt. + 间接宾语+ 直接宾语
双宾语
*复合宾语：vt. + 宾语+ 宾语补足语（宾补）
复合宾语
宾语+ be done + 宾语补足语（宾补）sb. be told to do
如：Mrs. Smith warned her daughter never to drive after drinking.
vt. 宾语宾语补足语（宾补）
Mrs. Smith’s daughter __________ (be, warn) __________.
主语
3. 短语动词变为被动语态时，把主要动词变为被动形式。
如：
The old houses __________.
4. 汉语有一类句子不出现主语（无主语主动句），在英语中可用被动结构表示。如：It is said that…据说……
It is reported that…据报道……
It is supposed that…据推测……
It is hoped that…希望……
It is well known that…众所周知……
It is generally considered that…普遍认为……
It is suggested that…有人建议……
__________ he is famous in his own country.
四、主动形式表示被动意义
1.表示事物状态特征的连系动词
看起来/听起来/摸起来/闻起来/尝起来：look, sound, feel, smell, taste
似乎：appear, seem
证明：prove
变得：go, turn, become, get, grow, + adj. 保持：keep, stay
fall（fall asleep）
如：The flowers __________ sweet.
2.表示主语的某种属性特征的动词read, write, act, iron, cut, draw, drive, sell,
wash, clean, wear, open, cook, lock, shut, dry, eat, drink + adv. 如：
1)This pen __________ well.
2)The coat __________ conveniently.
3)This book __________ well. 。
3.表示开始、结束、运动的动词，如：begin, finish, start, open, close, stop, end,
shut, run（运行）, move等。如：
Work __________ at 8 o’cloc k this morning. 工作在今天早上8
4.“in, on, under等+ n.”构成prep.短语表被动意义，名词前一般不用冠词（介
词的固定搭配）。如：under control（被控制住）, under repair（在修理中）, under discussion（在讨论中）, under construction（在修建中）, beyond belief （难以置信）, beyon d one’s reach（够不着）, beyond our hope（始料不及）, for sale（热销中）, for rent（以供出租）, in print（已出版）, on show（上演，被展示）, on trial（受审；在试验中）, out of fashion（过时），in sight （被看见）, out of sight（___________）等。如：
The bike is __________.
5.1) sth. be worth + doing sth.
2) sth. need / want / require + sth.
to be done
如：
1)The newspaper is worth __________ (read).
2)This bicycle needs __________ (repair).
= This bicycle needs __________ __________ __________.
6.有些adj.后的to do（动词不定式）有被动的含义。这些adj.构成的句型为：
A很容易/难/重/轻/合适/
如：The work is hard __________ (do). 这项工作很难做。
7.too + adj. 原级
adj. 原级+ enough + to do
如：The story was not interesting enough __________ (publish).
这个故事趣味性不够，不能（被）发表。
8.在“A + have + B + to do”的结构中，当to do与它修饰的B有动宾关系，且
与该句的A构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，to do一般用主动形式表被动；反之，需使用to be done的结构表明被动。如：
主谓
She has a sister to look after.
动宾
主谓
A have
B to do
动宾
1)He has nothing __________ (eat). 他没有什么东西可吃。
2)Do you see the letter __________ (type)? 你看到那封要打的信了吗？
3)Do you have much work __________(do) today? 你今天有很多工作要做
吗？
9.某些动词在以物为主语的句子中，其进行时也可以表示被动意义。如：
The dinner is cooking. 正在烧饭。
五、被动语态与系表结构的区别：被动语态表示动作，主语是动作的承受者；
系表结构表示主语的特征或所处的状态。
1. A be done by B：被动语态；
A be done __________ (其他prep.搭配)：系表结构。如：
1)（被动语态）
2)I was frightened of snake. 我怕蛇。
系+ 表（动词的过去分词做adj.，做系动词的表语，表状态）
2.am / is / are + done +
am / is / are + done：系表结构。如：
1)银行通常在6点（被）关门。(被动语态)
2)The bank is now closed. 银行现在没开门。
系+ 表
3.was / were + done +
was / were + done：系表结构。如：
1)这幅画是很久以前（被）画的。（被动语
态）
2)The picture was drawn well. 这幅画画得很好。
系+ 表
六、“get + done”结构的用法
1.表示突然、偶然、意外发生的事。如：The student got __________ （hurt）on
his way home from school.
2.表示反身行为而非被动行为。如：I have to get __________ (dress)before 7
o’clock. 7
3.表示说话强调动作。比较：
1)Were you invited to the party?
2)Did you get invited to the party?
4.这种结构比较常见的搭配有：get arrested（被捕）, get caught（被抓到）, get
confused（发蒙）, get delayed（被推迟了）, get engaged（订婚），get married （结婚了），get divorced（离婚了）, get dressed（穿好衣服）, get drowned （被淹死了）, get drunk（喝醉了）, get elected（获得选票）, get hit（挨打）, get killed（毙命）, get lost（迷路）, get stuck（卡住了）。
七、表示“据说”的被动句型
1.It is said (supposed / expected / reported…) that …
2.There is / are said (supposed / known…) to be…（is和are的选择根据主谓一
致中的就近原则）
3.sb. / sth. is / are said (expected / believed…) to do…
E.X.
1)
2)
3)（肝癌）.
4)（轨道）.
5)
6)
7)（甲虫）.
八、使用被动语态应注意的问题
1.混淆被动语态的时态。
2.根据汉语意思误用被动语态。如汉语说“发生变化”，但英语习惯说“变化发
生”，此时不能用“变化被发生”。如：Great changes __________ (take place) in my home town in the past years.
E.X.
Ⅰ. 将下列各句的主动语态变成被动语态。
1.The police will surely arrest the thieves.
_____________________________________________________________________ 2.The army engineers and soldiers have built a bridge over the river.
_____________________________________________________________________ 3.The workers could not find the manager anywhere in the factory.
_____________________________________________________________________ 4.My sister made the soup.
_____________________________________________________________________ 5.He gave me a present.
_____________________________________________________________________ 6.My mother invited him to dinner yesterday evening.
_____________________________________________________________________ 7.The manager often sends them to repair cars.
_____________________________________________________________________ 8.The students have put up the pictures on the wall.
_____________________________________________________________________ 9.Our school built a new teaching building last year.
_____________________________________________________________________ 10.We were cleaning our classroom at that time.
_____________________________________________________________________ Ⅱ. 单项选择。
1.The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduce greately if people
__________ to eat more fruit and vegetables.
A. persuade
B. will persuade
C. be persuaded
D. are persuaded
2.Good medicine __________ bitter.
A. are tasted
B. tastes
C. will be tasted
D. would be tasted
3.---Will you go skiing with me this winter vacation?
---It __________.
A. all depend
B. all depends
C. is all depended
D. is all depending
4.---How are the team playing?
---They’re playing well, but one of them __________ hurt.
A. got
B. gets
C. are
D. were
5.According to the art dealer, the painting __________ to go for at least a million
dollars.
A. is expected
B. expects
C. expected
D. is expecting
6.The policeman’s attention was suddently caught by a small box which
__________ placed under the Minister’s car.
A. has been
B. was being
C. had been
D. would be
7.Hundreds of jobs __________ if the factory closes.
A. lose
B. will be lost
C. are lost
D. will lose
8.Rainforests __________ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from
the earth in the near future.
A. cut
B. are cut
C. are being cut
D. had been cut
9.When he turned professional at the age of 11, Mike __________ to become a
world champion by his coach and parents.
A. expect
B. was expecting
C. was expected
D. would be expected
10.---Why does Lingling look so unhappy?
---She has __________ by her classmates.
A. laughed
B. laughed at
C. been laughed
D. been laughed at
11.The moment the 28th Olympic Games __________ open, the whole world
cheered.
A. delared
B. have been declared
C. have declared
D. were declared
12.This is Ted’s photo. We miss him a lot. He __________ trying to save a child in
the earthquake.
A. killed
B. is killed
C. was killed
D. was killing
13.By the end of last year, another new gymnasium __________ in Beijing.
A. would be completed
B. was being completed
C. has been completed
D. had been completed
14.---George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to their wedding?
---No, I __________. Did they have a big wedding?
A. was not invited
B. have not been invited
C. hadn’t been invited
D. didn’t invite
15.He was __________ to be clever but dishonest.
A. thought as
B. thinking
C. think
D. thought of
16.The hero’s story __________ differently in the newspaper.
A. was reported
B. was reporting
C. reports
D. reported
Ⅲ. 用所给动词的适当时态和语态填空。
1.He asked his mother for some money, but __________(give) a good scolding（斥
责）.
2.Because he was hurt, the thief had to throw away the things that __________(not
belong) to him.
3.I __________ (catch) in the hard rain on my way to the school.
4.I’m afraid you must __________ (feel) terrible now.
5.They said that the problem __________(discuss) soon.
6. A new bridge __________(build) over the river next year.
7.At that time the desk __________(make).
8.The hall __________(paint) at the moment, so it __________(not look) its best.
9.It is the third time that you __________ (be) late for school this week.
10.A quarrel __________(break) out between the two neighbours.
Ⅳ. 单项选择。
1.Why don’t you put the meat in the fridge? It will __________ fresh for several
days.
A. be stayed
B. stay
C. be staying
D. have stayed
2.With more forest being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth __________ each
year.
A. is washing away
B. is being washed away
C. was washing away
D. are being washed away
3.While you were in London that year, the London Bridge __________.
A. was being repaired
B. had been being repaired
C. would be repaired
D. was repaired
4.The fifth generation of computers, with artificial intelligence, __________ and
perfected now.
A. developed
B. have developed
C. are being developed
D. will have been developed
5.I was shocked to hear that your house __________ into.
A. was broken
B. broke
C. has been broken
D. had been broken
6.More than a dozen students in that school __________ abroad to study medicine
last year.
A. sent
B. were sent
C. had sent
D. had been sent
7.With the development of science and technology, people’s life __________ in the
past few years.
A. improved
B. has improved
C. is improved
D. had improved
8.---Do you have any problems if you __________ this job?
---Well, I’m thinking about the salary…
A. offer
B. will offer
C. are offered
D. will be offered
9.QQ, a popular net chatting tool, __________ an important part in our daily instant
communication.
A. had been playing
B. have played
C. is playing
D. will be playing
10.It is said that a new robot __________ by him in a few days.
A. designed
B. has been designed
C. will be designed
D. will have been designed
11.We are late. I expect the film __________ by the time we get to the cinema.
A. will have already started
B. whould alreadey have started
C. shall have already started
D. has already been started
12.She will stop showing off if no notice __________ of her.
A. is taken
B. takes
C. will be taken
D. has taken
13.---Have you moved into the new flat?
---Not yet. The room __________.
A. has been painted
B. is painted
C. paints
D. is being painted
14.My pictures __________ until next Friday.
A. won’t develop
B. are n’t developed
C. don’t develop
D. won’t be developed
15.Tim __________ since he lost his job three weeks ago.
A. had been unemployed
B. was unemployed
C. has been unemployed
D. has unemployed
16.I’ll have to push the car to the side of the road because we __________ if we
leave it here.
A. would be fined
B. will be fined
C. will being fined
D. will have been fined
17.__________ two tickets for the new play at the Grand Theatre on Saturday. Shall
we go and see it together?
A. They have been given
B. I have been given
C. I am given
D. They have given to me
18.The goods __________ when we arrived at the airport.
A. were just unloading
B. were just been unloading
C. had just unloaded
D. were just being unloaded
19.Most environment problems exist because adequate measures for preventing them
__________ taken in the past.
A. was not
B. were not
C. were not being
D. had not been
20.You ought to have put the milk in the refrigerator; now __________ sour（酸）.
A. I smell
B. it is smelt
C. it smells
D. it is smelling
21.The young teacher has __________ competent（有能力的，可以胜任的）.
A. been proved to be
B. proved to be
C. been proved
D. proved being
22.After synthetic（合成纤维）__________, engineers had a better choice of material.
A. created
B. has created
C. has been created
D. had been created
23.I think much attention __________ your pronunciation.
A. must be paid to
B. ought to be paid
C. must pay to
D. should be paid
24.Since 1970, millions of enthusiasts（狂热者）__________ Vitamin C, which they
believe can remedy（治疗）the common cold.
A. have taken
B. have been taken
C. have been taking
D. have been taking
25.I don’t remember __________ the chance to try this method.
A. having been given
B. to have been given
C. having given
D. to have given
26.We could ask someone to do the work privately without it __________.
A. know
B. be known
C. being known
D. to be known
27.They would tell how the African __________ on a ship to an American port.
A. was brought
B. could have been brought
C. had been brought
D. was to be brought
28.He does not possess a bicycle; the one he uses __________ to Peter.
A. is belonged
B. belonged
C. belongs
D. is belonging
29.Negotiation __________ again with Moscow tomorrow; a great event will be
discussed then.
A. is to be opened
B. is on the point of （即将）opening
C. is going to open
D. opens
人教版高中英语必修四(高一版)
高中英语黄金阅读(高一版) 习俗类 (1) In the US, people prefer waiting for a table to sitting with people they don’t know. This means a hostess may not seat a small group until a small table is available, even if a large one is. If you are sitting at a table with people you don’t know, it is impolite to light up a cigarette without asking if it will disturb them. At American restaurants and coffee shops you are usually served tap water before you order. You may find the bread and butter is free, and if you order coffee, you may get a free refill. Most cities and towns have no rules about opening and closing time for stores or restaurants, though they usually do make rules for bars. Especially in large cities, stores may be open 24 hours a day. Serving in restaurants is often large; too large for many people. If you can’t finish your meal but would like to enjoy the food later, ask your waitress or waiter for a “doggie bag”. It may have a picture of a dog on it, but everybody knows you’re taking the food for yourself. Supper and dinner are both words for the evening meal. Some people have “Sunday dinner”. This is an especially big noon meal. Tips are not usually added to the check. They are not included in the price of the meal, either. A tip of about 15% is expected and you should leave it on the table when you leave. In some restaurants, a check is brought on a plate and you put your money there. Then the waiter or waitress brings you your change. 1. Which statement is true? A. American people like sitting with people they don’t know. B. A hostess always seats a small group at a large table. C. American people never sit with people they don’t know. D. American people would not light a cigarette if the people who sit at the same table mind their smoking. 2. What is served before you order? A. bread B. butter C. coffee D. cold water 3. What do American people always do when servings are too large for them? A. They take the food home with a doggie bag for their dogs. B. They leave the food on the table and go away. C. They take the food home with a doggie bag and enjoy the food later. D. They ask the waitress or waiter to keep the food for them. 4. Sunday dinner is_______. A. a dinner in the evening B. A big noon meal C. a big lunch on Sunday D. A supper on Sunday 【答案解析】本文介绍了美国人在外就餐时的风俗习惯。 1. D。细节题。根据第一段及关键句…it is impolite to light up a cigarette without asking if it will disturb them 可知 A、B、C 与原文不相符，同时关键句告诉我们“未
初三英语被动语态
动词的语态 动词的语态用以说明句中主语和谓语的关系。如果主语是动作 的执行者，动词形式为主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，动词形式为被动语态。被动语态与主动语态一样，也是中考的重要考点之一，分值约占中考总分值的8%。考查的内容主要有被动语态的用法、被动语态的结构、被动语态与主动语态的相互转化、不能使用被动语态的句型等。考查的形式包括用所给的动词的适当形式填空、单项选择、句型转换、完型填空、阅读理解等。 1．被动语态的构成 被动语态和主动语态一样，也有各种时态形式，其基本结构是，be+过去分词。被动语态的谓语和主语在逻辑上是动宾关系。 初中阶段常见的几种时态的被动语态： (1)一般现在时：am/is /are+过去分词 History is made by people.历史是由人民创造的。 (2)一般过去时：was/were+过去分词 The book was written by him.这本书是他写的。 The radio wasn’t mended last week.上周这台收音机没被修理。 （3）一般将来时：a. am/is/are going to be+过去分词； b.will/shall be +过去分词。 Some trees will be planted this spring.今年春天将要植一些
树。 Shall we be asked to study English?会不会要我们去学英语？（4）含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be+过去分词 The man must be sent to hospital.这个人必须被送往医院。 （5）现在进行时：am/is/are+being+过去分词 Some trees are being planted by the students. Is a few factory eing built in your village? (6)现在完成时：have/has been +过去分词 She is unhappy because she hasn’t been asked to the party.她不高兴，因为她没有被邀请去参加聚会。 被动语态的基本用法： （1）不知道动作的执行者是谁，或没有必要指出动作的执行者时用被动语态。 Letters are collected at eight every morning.信件每天 早上八点收取。 The glass was broken last night.玻璃被打坏了。 （2）为了强调或突出动作的承受者时。例如： The plan has already been made.计划已经制定好了。 The bag was taken away by his sister.那个包被他姐姐拿 走了。 （3）在上下文中，为了使句子衔接更紧密（结构的需要）时要用被动语态。
高一英语必修一第四单元知识点总结
高一英语必修一第四单元知识点总结 学习英语的过程当中,背单词和短语是大多数人最头痛的问题,想要学好英语首先要学好英语单词和短语。下面是为你推荐高一英语必修一第四单元知识点归纳，希望能帮到你。 高一英语必修一第四单元知识点归纳 1.right away毫不迟疑，立刻 2.It seemed as if the world was at an end.世界似乎到了末日。 从句表示“(在某人)看来好像;似乎” ①It seems/looks/appears as if/though…看起来好像… ②Sb./Sth.looks as if/though… ③There seems/appears(to be)… There appears to have been a mistake. 2.in ruins.变为废墟 3.Two-thirds 4.Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. 5.under the weight of在……重压下，迫于 6.in the open air在户外，在野外，露天
7.take turns to do sth依次，轮流做某事 in turn依次地，轮流地 8.be shocked at对……感到震惊 9.be proud of以……为自豪 10.express one’s thanks to sb/for sth…对/因……表示感谢 11.without warning毫无预兆 12.next to紧接着，相邻，次于 13.get away from…避免，摆脱，离开 14.disaster-hit areas灾区 15.Listening to English is a very important skill because it is only when we understand what is said to us that we can have a conversation with somebody. 听英语是一项很重要的技能，因为只有当我们懂得别人给我们说什么我们才能与他交谈。 16.It is believed that人们认为… 17.hold up举起;托住;支撑列举，推举 18.make up弥补,虚构,整理,和解,化妆,拼凑 19.be trapped in被困于… 20.It is said that…据说... 21.be fixed to…被固定到…… 22.be tied to…被绑在……
高中英语必修四语法(人教版)
I 主语和谓语动词的一致 1主语要和谓语动词保持人称和数的一致。如: I am seventeen. She is sixteen. There is a desk in the room. There are no chairs in it. They have not come yet. Nobody knows who is going to win in the competition. What is the latest news about the Olympic Games? 2两个名词由and连接作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数。如: Wang Gang and Zhang Hua were here a moment ago. My brother and I have both seen the film. Both rice and wheat are grown in this part of China. 说明 (1) 当and不表示并列意义，连接两个在意义上表示同一人、物或概念或由两个部件配成的物品时，谓语动词用单数。如: The professor and writer is speaking at the meeting.那位教授作家正在会上发言。 One more knife and fork is needed.还需要一副刀叉。 War and peace is a constant theme in history.战争与和平是历史永恒的主题。 (2) 两个并列的名词有each, every, many a等修饰语时，谓语动词一般用单数。如: Each doctor and (each) nurse / Every doctor and (every) nurse was given a new shirt.每个大夫和护士都发了一件新衬衫。 NO sound and no voice is heard.-点声音都没有。 Many boy and (many a) girl has made the same mistake.许多男孩女孩都犯了同样的错误。2电休名词group, class family army, enemy等作主语时，如果强调整体，谓语动词用单数形
人教版高一英语必修一语法归纳
人教版高一英语必修一语法归纳 以下是小编整理的高一必修一英语人教版语法归纳希望可以帮助大家，把语法进行归纳。 Unit 1 1. 词组: add up 合计 add up to 总计达 add… to…把。。加到。。。里 add to 增加增添扩建 2. calm… down 平静下来 3. have got to 不得不，必须 4. be concerned about / for 关心 5. walk the dog 遛狗 cheat … of 欺骗。。 6. go through 穿过完成用完通过仔细检查 go ahead 同意某人的请求go by 流逝 7. set down 记下 set up 建立 set off 出发引爆 set out to do=set about doing 着手做某事 8. a series of 一系列 9. on purpose 故意地 by accident= chance 偶然地 10. in order to= so as to 为了目的是in order that = so that 11. at dusk 在黄昏 at dawn 在黎明 at midnight 在午夜 at noon 在中午 12. face to face 面对面 13. no longer= not … any longer 不再 14. settle down 安顿下来 suffer from 遭受,患病 15. recover from 恢复 ,痊愈 16. get/ be tired of 对…感到厌烦 17. make a list of 列清单 18. pack… up 装箱打包 19. get along/ on with与…相处,/ 进展 20. fall in love 爱上
人教版高中英语必修4单词
Unit 1 achievement n. 成就；功绩 △Joan of Arc 圣女贞德 △Elizabeth Fry 伊丽莎白.弗赖伊 （英国慈善家） △Quaker n. 教友派信徒；贵格会会员welfare n. 福利；福利事业 project n. 项目；工程；规划 institute n. 学会；学院；协会 △China Welfare Institute 中国福利基金会specialist n. 专家；专业工作者specialize vi. 专攻；专门从事；专注于 △Jane Goodall 简.古道尔(英国动物学家) △chimp n. （非洲）黑猩猩 connection n. 连接；关系 human being 人类 △Jody Williams 乔迪.威廉斯 （美国诺贝尔和平奖得者）campaign n. 运动；战役 vi. 作战；参加运动 △landmine n. 地雷 organization n. 组织；机构；团体 △Gombe National Park 贡贝国家公园behave vt. & vi. 举动；（举止或行为）表现behaviour (=behavior) 行为；举止；习性shade n. 荫；阴凉处 vt. 遮住光线 move off 离开；起程；出发 worthwhile adj. 值得的；值得做的 nest n. 巢；窝 bond n. 联系；关系；结合；纽带observe vt. 观察；观测；遵守observation n. 观察；观测 childhood n. 童年；幼年时代 outspoken adj. 直言的；坦诚 respect vt. & n. 尊敬；尊重；敬意 argue vt. & vi. 讨论；辩论；争论 argument n. 争论；争辩；争吵 entertainment n. 款待；娱乐；娱乐表演 lead a … life 过着……的生活 crowd n. 人群；观众 vt. 挤满；使拥挤 crowd in （想法、问题等）涌上心头； 涌入脑海 inspire vt. 鼓舞；激发；启示 inspiration n. 灵感；鼓舞 support n. & vt. 支持；拥护 look down upon/on 蔑视；瞧不起 refer vi. 谈到；查阅；参考 refer to查阅；参考；谈到 audience n. 观众；听众；读者 by chance碰巧；凑巧 come across （偶然）遇见；碰见 △career n. 事业；生涯 rate n. 比率；速度 sickness n. 疾病；恶心 intend vt. 计划；打算 emergency n. 突发事件；紧急情况 generation n. 一代；一辈 △determination n. 决心；果断 kindness n. 仁慈；好意 considerate adj. 考虑周到的 consideration n. 考虑；体谅 deliver vt. 递送；生（小孩儿）；接生； 发表（演说等） carry on 继续；坚持 modest adj. 谦虚的；谦让的；适度的Unit 2 statistic n. （常用pl statistics）数据；统计； 统计数字；统计资料 sunburnt adj. 晒黑的 struggle vt. & vi. 斗争；拼搏；努力decade n. 十年；十年期 super adj. 特级的；超级的 △hybrid adj. 混合的；杂种的 n. 杂交种；混血儿output n. 产量；输出 △strain n.（植物的）品种；种类 crop n. 庄稼；农作物；产量 hunger n. 饥饿；欲望 vt. & vi. （使）饥饿 disturbing adj. 引起烦恼的；令人不安的expand vt. & vi. 使变大；伸展circulate vt. & vi. 循环；流传
初中英语被动语态的教案
被动语态 授课人：授课时间： 一、语态概述 英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为：主动、主动、主去动。 例如：Many people speak English. 谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。巧记为：被动、被动、主被动。 例如：English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。 He opened the door.他开了门。(主动句) The door was opened.门被开了。(被动句) 判断：你来判断哪个是主动哪个是被动？ We call the doctor. People don’t play football here. The truck was cleaned yesterday. Mr Chen teaches us English. The classroom was cleaned.
二、被动语态的构成：be+动词的过去分词+by sb（be+done) 一般现在时：am／is／are＋taught 一般过去时：was／were＋taught 一般将来时：will／shall be＋taught 现在进行时：am／is／are being＋taught 过去进行时：have／has been＋taught 现在完成时：have／has been＋taught 含有情态动词的被动语态：can/may/must/should... +be done 歌诀是：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。 三、主动变被动的方法 口诀：主变宾，宾变主，By 句尾跟 Be 字变，Vpp跟后面 一、选择题（2×15=30分） 一、选择题（2×15=30分） ( ) a new library _____ in our school last year? A. Is; built B. Was; built C. Does; build D. Did ; build
(完整)人教版高一英语必修一单词表
人教版高一英语必修1单词表 Unit 1 1.survey 调查；测验 2.add up 合计 3.upset adj. 心烦意乱的；不安的，不适的 4.ignore不理睬；忽视 5.calm vt.&vi.（使）平静；（使）镇定adj.平静的；镇定的；沉着的calm...down（使）平静下来 6.have got to 不得不；必须 7.concern（使）担心；涉及；关系到n. 担心；关注；（利害）关系 8.be concerned about 关心；挂念 9.walk the dog 溜狗 10.loose adj 松的；松开的 11.vet 兽医 12.go through 经历；经受 13.Amsterdam 阿姆斯特丹（荷兰首都） https://www.360docs.net/doc/426280183.html,herlands 荷兰（西欧国家） 15.Jewish 犹太人的；犹太族的 16.German 德国的；德国人的；德语的。 17.Nazi 纳粹党人adj. 纳粹党的 18.set down 记下；放下；登记 19.series 连续，系列 a series of 一连串的；一系列；一套 20.outdoors在户外；在野外 21.spellbind 迷住；疑惑 22.on purpose 故意 23.in order to 为了 24.dusk 黄昏傍晚at dusk 在黄昏时刻 25.thunder vi 打雷雷鸣n. 雷，雷声 26.entire adj. 整个的；完全的；全部的 27.entirely adv. 完全地；全然地；整个地 28.power能力；力量；权力。 29.face to face 面对面地 30.curtain 窗帘；门帘；幕布 31.dusty adj 积满灰尘的 32.no longer /not …any longer 不再 33.partner 伙伴．合作者．合伙人 34.settle 安家；定居；停留vt 使定居；安排；解决 35.suffer vt &遭受；忍受经历suffer from 遭受；患病 36.loneliness 孤单寂寞 37.highway公路 38.recover痊愈；恢复 39.get/be tired of 对…厌烦 40.pack捆扎；包装打行李n 小包；包裹pack （sth ）up 将（东西）装箱打包
(完整版)人教版高中英语必修4全册教案
Unit 1 Women of achievement 1． Target language a. achieve, achievement, condition, welfare, institute, connection, campaign, organization, entertainment, inspire, support, devote ... to b. Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day. P2 Everybody sits and waits while the animals in the group begin to wake up and move. P2 But the evening makes it all worthwhile. P2 ... we see them go to sleep together in their nest for the night. P2 2． Ability goals a. Learn Warming Up, and know how to tell the great women and the famous women. b. Learn the way to describe a person from what the person did, what she/he looks like and so on. 3． Learning ability goals Teach Ss how to describe a person. Teaching important points a. By reading A protector of African wildlife, students can learn from Jane Goodall in at least two aspects: b. Ask students to answer these questions: 1) What made her a great success? 2) What should we learn from Jane Goodall? Teaching difficult points Let everyone believe that all of us can become Jane Goodall. Teaching methods Inspiration, Questioning and Discussion. Teaching aids A computer, a projector and a recorder.
初中英语被动语态讲解与练习
初中被动语态语法讲解 (一) 语态分类 英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如： They will build a new bridge over the river. (主动) A new bridge will be built over the river. (被动) 汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用： 助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词构成。 (二) 被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化 主要体现在be的变化上，其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样。不同时态的被动语态，列表如下：一般现在时：am / is / are + done 一般过去时：was / were + done 一般将来时：shall / will + be done 一般过去将来时：should / would + be done 现在进行时：am / is / are + being + done 过去进行时：was / were + being + done 现在完成时：have / has + been + done 过去完成时：had + been + done 将来完成时：shall / will + have been + done 过去将来完成时：should / would + have been + done ［注］被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。 (三)常见的八种时态中的被动语态 1. 一般现在时： (1)People grow rice in the south of the country. Rice is grown in the south of the country. (2)The school doesn't allow us to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher. We are not allowed to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher. 2. 一般过去时： (1)They agreed on the building of a new car factory last month. The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month. (2)The students didn't forget his lessons easily. His lessons were not easily forgotten 3. 一般将来时： (1)They will send cars abroad by sea. Cars will be sent abroad by sea. (2)They will give plenty of jobs to school-leavers. Plenty of jobs will be given to school-leavers. 4. 过去将来时： (1)The manager said they would complete the project by the end of the year. The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year. (2) The workers told me they would mend the car as soon as possible. The workers told me that the car would be mended as soon as possible. 5. 现在进行时：
人教版英语选修六第四单元知识点
人教版英语选修六第四单元知识点 U4(选修六) Language points-reading 1 on/ upon+ n 依靠,依赖, 确(坚)信 You can’t depend on your parents forever. depend on/upon+sb.+to do 指望某人做…… You can’t depend on him to come on time. depend on/upon +it +that…. 指望….. You may depend on it that he will come. depend on/upon +wh-从句 Whether you can pass the exam depends on how hard you work. That (all) depends./ it all depends. (口语)视情况而定， I may help you. But that/ it depends. 2. light 1)n. 光,线,灯 2)v.照亮,点燃 He lit a match. 他划着了一根火柴。 A smile of triumph lit up her face. 她的脸上闪耀着胜利的微笑。 The match lights easily. 这火柴容易划着 3)adj The suitcase is very light.（轻的） There was a light rain falling. He is a light sleeper. 他睡不沉。（易醒的） 3. heat v. / heat up 是某物变热或变暖 heated adj. 热的激烈的 heated debate, heated discussion heatedly adv.愤怒地激昂地 heater加热器发热器 consumer(n.). 1 消耗,花费;耗尽 She consumed most of her time in reading. 2吃完,喝光 The kids soon consumed all the food on the table. 孩子们一会儿功夫便把桌上的食品全部吃光。 3 使全神贯注,使着迷+with The boy was consumed with curiosity. 那男孩充满好奇心。 … as one can = as … as possible Please come here as soon as possible.= Please come here as soon as you can.. as many as 多达 as long as 长达,只要 as far as远至,就…而论 as well as 和…一样好,也,和 as early as 早在 6.对比：
高中英语必修四知识点和语法总结
高中英语必修四知识点和语法总结 第一单元 1) achieve 表示“完成，到达” 。 区别achieve，reach，gain： achieve 着重表示达到一定目的的过程中所需要的技能，耐性和努力。reach 指达到任何目标、目的或指达到发展过程中的某个阶段。 gain 强调经过奋斗才达到所期望的目标、优势或者有利地位。 2) condition 表示“条件” ，condition 为单数时，表示人/ 物所处的“状态” 。conditions (复数)指一般情况，环境。in good/poor condition 状况好/ 不好。 out of condition 状况不好。 on condition that在 .... 条件下，假使。 on no condition 决不。 3) connection 表示“连接，关系” 。 connections 亲戚。 in connection with 与... 有关。 4) behave 表示“举止，举动，行为表现” 。 behave oneself 表现良好，行为良好。 behave as起... 作用，表现为 ... 。 5) worthwhile 表示“值得做的，值得出力的” 。 句型It is worhtwhile doing/to do sth "干... 是值得的”。 6) observe 表示“观察，注意”，可接省略to的不定式的复合结构，当observe用被动语态时，其后的 不定式应回复to。 observe 后也可接由现在分词构成的复合结构。后接that 从句，表示“注意到，说” 。 observe 还可以表示“遵守，庆祝” 。 7) respect 作动词，后直接跟宾语。 respect oneself 自重，自尊。 作名词，表示“尊重，尊敬”。have/show respect for意为“对.... 尊重/尊敬”。 have respect to 注意，考虑。表示“敬意，问候”时，用复数形式，常与give，send，pay 连用。in respect of sth 就某方面而言。 with respect to 涉及，关于。 8) argue 表示“争论，辩论” 。 argue with sb (about/for…)(为/关于....... )和某人辩论。 argue about 就某事而论。 argue for/against …辩论赞成…… /反对……。 argue back 反驳。 argue sb into/out of doing sth 说服某人做/不做某事。 9) inspire 表示“鼓舞，激发” 。 in spire sb (to do sth)赋予某人灵感，启迪。
人教版高一英语必修一单词表
人教版高中英语单词表必修一 unit1 survey 调查，测验 add up 合计 upset 心烦意乱的，不安的，不适的（upset，upset)使不安，使心烦ignore 不理睬，忽视 calm （使）平静，（使）镇定，平静的，镇定的，沉着的 calm down （使）平静下来，（使）镇定下来 have got to 不得不，必须 concern （使）担忧，涉及，关系到，担心，关注，（利害）关系be concerned about 关心，挂念， walk the dog 遛狗 loose 松的，松开的 vet 兽医 go through 经历，经受 Amsterdam 阿姆斯特丹 Netherlands 荷兰 jewish 犹太人的 German 德国的
Nazi 纳粹党人 set down 记下，放下，登记 series 连续，系列 a series of 一连串的，一系列，一套 Kitty 基蒂 outdoors 在户外，在野外 spellbind (spellbound,spellbound) 迷住，迷惑on purpose 故意 in order to 为了 dusk 黄昏，傍晚 at dusk 在黄昏时刻 thunder 打雷，雷鸣 entire 整个的，完全的，全部的 entirely 完全地，全然地，整个地 power 能力，力量，权力 face to face 面对面地 curtain 窗帘，门帘，幕布 dusty 积满灰尘的 no longer/not any longer 不再 partner 伙伴，合作者，合伙人 settle 安家，定居，停留，使定居，安排，解决
新人教版高中英语必修四完整课文译文
新人教版高中英语课文译文 必修四 第一单元卓有成就的女性 Reading 非洲野生动物研究者 清晨5点45分，太阳刚从东非的贡贝国家公园的上空升起，我们一行人准备按照简研究黑猩猩的方法去森林里拜访它们。简研究这些黑猩猩家族已经很多年了，她帮助人们了解了黑猩猩跟人类的行为是多么的相似。我们当天的首相任务就是观察黑猩猩一家是如何醒来的。这意味着我们要返回前一天晚上我们离开时黑猩猩睡觉的大树旁。大家坐在树荫下等待着，这时候黑猩猩睡醒了，准备离开。然后这群黑猩猩向森林深处漫步而去，我们尾随其后。在大部分时间里，黑猩猩或互相喂食，或彼此擦身，这在它们的家族里是爱的表达方式。简预先提醒我们，到下午的时候我们就会又脏又累。她说对了，但是到了傍晚时分我们就觉得这一切都是值得的。我们看到黑猩猩妈妈跟她的幼子们在树上玩耍，后来看见它们一起回窝里睡觉了。我们明白了黑猩猩家庭成员之间的联系像人类家庭一样紧密。 在简之前没有人完全了解黑猩猩的行为。她花了多年的时间来观察并记录黑猩猩的日常活动。从孩提时代起，简就想在动物生活的环境中研究它们。但是，这不是一件简单的事。当她1960年最初来到贡贝时。对女性来说，住进大森林还是很稀罕的事情。她母亲头几个月来帮过她的忙，这才使她得以开始自己的计划。她的工作改变了人们对黑猩猩的看法。比方说，她的一个重要发现是黑猩猩猎食动物。而在此之前，人们一直认为黑猩猩只吃水果和坚果。她曾经亲眼看到
过一群黑猩猩捕杀一只猴子，然后把它吃掉。她还发现了黑猩猩是如何交流的，而她对黑猩猩身势语的研究帮助她勾勒出黑猩猩的社会体系。 40年来，简·古道尔一直在呼吁世人了解并尊重这些动物的生活。她主张应该让野生动物留在野外生活，而不是用于娱乐或公告。她还为黑猩猩建起了可以安全生活的专门的保护区，她的生活是忙忙碌碌的，然而，正如她所说的：“我一旦停下来，所有的一切就会涌上心头。我就会想起实验室的黑猩猩，太可怕了。每当我看着野生黑猩猩时，这个念头总是萦绕着我。我会对自己说：…难道它们不幸运吗？?然后我就想起了那些没有如何过错却被关在笼子里的小 黑猩猩。一旦你看到这些，你就永远不会忘记……。” 简已经得到了她想要得到的一切：在动物的栖息地工作：获得博士学位；还向世人证明女人和男人一样也能在森林里生活。她激励着人们为妇女们的成就而喝彩。 Using Language 为什么不继承她的事业？ 上学时我喜欢英语、生物和化学，但是我进大学该选哪门专业呢？直到有一天晚上坐在电脑旁研究中国的伟大女性时，我才有了答案。 很偶然地，我看到了一篇关于林稚巧大夫的文章。她是妇科专家，1901年生，1983年去世。林稚巧似乎一直都在为自己选择的事业而奔忙，去国外留学，写了很多书和文章。其中有一本书引起了我的注意。这是一本小书，介绍如何从妇女怀孕到护理婴儿的过程中降低死亡率，她提出了一些可以遵循的简单的做法，保持婴儿清洁和健康，让他们远离疾病。她为什么要写这些东西呢?林稚巧认为哪些妇女会需要这些忠告呢？我仔细地看了这篇文章，了解到那是为农村妇女写的。也许是她们在遇到紧急情况时找不到医生。
九年级英语英语被动语态讲解及练习
英语被动语态讲解及练习 一、什么是被动语态？ 英语中时态很多，但语态不多，只有两种，即：主动语态和被动语态。所谓“被动语态”，相当于中文中常说的“被……”、“由……”的句式，如：“他的自行车被偷了。”，“这座楼房是由他们建造的。” 二、被动语态的结构 那么，英语中被动语态是怎么样构成的呢？请看下面的例句（注意划线部分）： His bicycle was stolen. The building has been built in 2000. 通过上面的例句，可以看出，“被动语态”的构成是： be + 过去分词+ (by+动作执行者) 三、被动语态的运用 什么情况下要用被动语态呢？一般地说，有下面几种情况： （1）不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要。例如： Paper is made from wood. （纸是由木材生产出来的。） The house is quite old. It was built in 1950. （这座房子太旧了。它是1950年建成的。） He was wounded in the fight. （他在战斗在受伤了。） Electricity is used to run machines. （电是用来开动机器的。） （2）需要强调动作的对象时。例如： Calculator can't be used in the maths exam.
（计算器不能用于数学考试。） Books and newspapers in the reading room mustn’t be taken away. （阅览室的书籍和报纸不准带走。） He was awarded first prize in that contest. （他在比赛中获得了第一。） （3）为了使语气婉转，避免提到是谁做的这件事。例如： The construction of the new lab must be completed by the end of next month. （新实验室必须在下个月底前完工。） 四、各种时态的被动语态举例 一般地讲，被动语态可用于英语的各种时态。为了能准确地运用被动语态，重点是要掌握be动词的各种时态变化。各种时态的被动语态举例如下： 1、一般现在时的被动语态. am / is / are + 动词的过去分词 Our classroom is cleaned every day. This car is made in China. 2、一般过去式的被动语态: was / were + 动词的过去分词 His desk was cleaned just now. The station was built in 1928. 3、现在进行时的被动语态: am / is / are + being + 动词的过去分词 A new factory is being built in our city now. Some trees are being cut down in the park. 4、过去进行时的被动语态: was / were + being + 动词的过去分词