北京市2014高考英语压轴卷(含解析)

2014北京市高考压轴卷

英语

第一部分：听力理解（共三节，30分）略

第二部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）

第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，共15分）

从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

例：It’s so nice to hear from her again. ________, we last met more than thirty years ago.

A. What’s more

B. That’s to say

C. In other words

D. Believe it or not

答案是D。

21.— Tom! Corey has broken the glass.

— ______. Such things happen.

A. What a pity

B. No way

C. It doesn’t matter

D. By no means

22.When you finish reading the book, you will have ________ better understanding of ________life.

A. a, the

B. the, a

C. /, the

D. a, /

23.Volunteering,______ as a way of building character, is popular among young people.

A. seeing

B. to see

C. seen

D. being seen

24.The meeting has been _____ until next week.

A. put forward

B. put back

C. put aside

D. put away

25.In Obama’s inaugural speech he made the promise _______ the America would be more prosperous than ________ used to be.

A. that; what

B. that; it

C. in which; it

D. which; what

26.____________onto the ground and blacked out, Li Na _________the Australian Open Final.

A. Had she not fallen; could have won

B. Did she not fall; could have won

C. If she hadn’t fallen; co uld win

D. If she didn’t fall; could win

27.---Many people don’t think much of the movie.

---I think differently. In______ way, it is a very good film. And______ photographed scene is very beautiful.

A. a, a

B. the, the

C. a, /

D. a, the

28.I really don’t know how to thank you, but for your help, I ______ my lost necklace.

A. couldn’t have found

B. shouldn’t have found

C. wouldn’t have found

D. needn’t have found

29.—Tom, how forgetful you are! I found you left your key in the keyhole this morning.

—Oh, dear! _______.

A. So had I

B. So I had

C. So did I

D. So I did

30.My ipad looked just the same as Tom’s, but it cost his.

A. as much twice as

B. twice as much as

C. much as twice as

D. as twice much as

31.Once again I found myself standing at the crossroads, two paths ahead of me．

A． lain B．lying C． to lie D．lie

32.Miss White,_ smile is broad and warm, has a kind of beauty no matter what she wears．

A． whom B．who C．that D． whose

33.The president’s speech was ___ boring; it is , in fact, rather inspiring and interesting.

A. anything but

B. nothing but

C. no more

D. all but

34.—May I go to play football with Dick now, Dad?

—No, you can’t go out ________ your work has not been done.

A. before

B. until

C. after

D. as

35.Hey, look at your pale face; you must have stayed up late last night, ______?

A. have you

B. h aven’t you

C. did you

D. didn’t you

第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

You Are Going Places

One day I came home from school, changed my clothes and got ready for work. I work at a local restaurant in town as a cashier, seater and waiter.

I went to work feeling 36 . And to make matters worse, I was busy that evening. It' s the same thing over and over again. 37 with customers who complain about their food and where they are 38 is too big or too small. Little things like that tend to 39 a lot of us 40 but we manage to deal with it.

Three elderly ladies walked in and sat by the windows. It happened to be the very 41 near where I keep the dirty 42 in the boxes. Trying to keep up with all the dirty tables, customers leaving and coming in and 43 running all over the house, it was crazy． 44 these elderly women were watching 45 I was working to make sure every table was clean and ready for the next customers.

When they 46 their meals, I took their plates back to the kitchen. They talked to me for a while about school, how I was doing, what 47 I was in and what I planned to do in the future.

48 they were leaving, they walked past me and one of them said to me in a 49 and gentle voice, "You are going places. And that was it. They left the 50 and I had tears in my eyes, because they gave me 51_ to believe in myself．They 52 my spirit from being down and gave me a 53_ to keep on working hard.

People used to tell me that I couldn’t have a career in 54 until I had a degree. I'm now a co-anchor (联合主持人) of a student-produced television 55 . And the best thing is: I'm only 17 years old and I am a senior in high school.

36. A．tired B．excited C．up D．down

37．A．Dealing B．Helping C．Talking D．Meeting

38．A．sat B．seated C．laid D．seating

39．A．attract B．avoid C．adjust D．annoy

40．A．employees B．customers C．boss D．employers

41．A．table B．box C．spot D．kitchen

42．A．dishes B．rooms C．clothes D．chairs

43．A．men B．women C．servers D．people

44．A．And B．Otherwise C．But D．So

45．A．what B．how C．where D．why

46．A．finished．B．completed C．ordered D．got

47．A．place B．grade C．mark D．position

48．A．Before B．While C．As D．After

49．A．confident B．loud C．low D．pleasant

50．A．kitchen B．house C．restaurant D．table

51．A．ability B．courage C．imagination D．time

52．A．put down B．picked up C．took over D．pointed out

53．A．cause B．reason C．present D．permission

54．A．television B．government C．school D．restaurant

55．A．company B．station C．show D．Advertisement

第三部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

It gives me great pleasure today to say a few words in praise of a man we will all miss very much. To be honest, I can’t imagine we will do without him when he’s gone. Bill Masters almost single–handed built up our sales force in the Houston area and developed the market position that we enjoy today. In only six years, he has brought the firm from a very low fifth position in the area sales to the point where we now outsell all but one of our competitors. Not only have we got 37 per cent of the market under Bill’s leadership; we are increasing our share with each passing month.

As you know, the company has moved Bill to northern California to work his sales magic in one of this company’s most competitive(竞争的) areas. But we know that if anyone can do it, Bill Masters can, and I know you all join me in wishing him the best of luck in his new work.

56. The speech was made _______.

A. at a welcome meeting

B. at the opening of a new school term

C. when somebody was leaving

D. when they had a new manager

57. How long did Masters worked there?

A.37 years

B. less than 5 years

C. about six years

D. since he began to work

58. When Bill started to work in Houston area, he had _______to help him.

A. many people

B. nobody

C. about 37 people

D. very few people

B

Frederic Mishkin, who's been a professor at Columbia Business School for almost 30 years, is good at solving problems and expressing ideas. Whether he's standing in front of a lecture hall or engaged in a casual conversation, his hands are always waving and pointing. When he was in graduate school, one of his professors was so annoyed by this constant gesturing that he made the young economist sit on his hands whenever he visited the professor's office.

It turns out, however, that Mishkin's professor had it exactly wrong. Gesture doesn't prevent but promotes clear thought and speech. Research demonstrates that the movements we make with our hands when we talk form a kind of second language, adding information that's absent from our words. It's learning's secret code: Gesture reveals what we know. It reveals what we don't know. What's more, the agreement (or lack of agreement) between what our voices say and how our hands move offers a clue to our readiness to learn.

Manyof the studies establishing the importance of gesture to learning have been conducted by Susan Goldin-Meadow, a professor of psychology at the University of Chicago. "We change our minds by moving our hands," writes Goldin-Meadow in a review of this work. Particularly significant are what she calls "mismatches" between oral expression and physical gestures. A student might say that a heavier ball falls faster than a light one, for example, but make a gesture indicating that they fall at the same rate, which is correct. Such differences indicate that we're moving from one level of understanding to another. The thoughts expressed by hand motions are often our newest and most advanced ideas about the problem we're working on; we can't yet absorb these concepts into language, but we can capture them in movement.

Goldin-Meadow's more recent work strews not only that gesture shows our readiness to

learn, but that it actually helps to bring learning about. It does so in two ways. First, it elicits (引出) helpful behavior from others around us. Goldin-Meadow has found that adults respond to children's speech-gesture mismatches by adjusting their way of instruction. Parents and teachers apparently receive the signal that children are ready to learn, and they act on it by offering a greater variety of problem-solving techniques. The act of gesturing itself also seems to quicken learning, bringing new knowledge into consciousness and aiding the understanding of new concepts. A 2007 study by Susan Wagner Cook, an assistant professor of psychology at the University of Iowa, reported that third-graders who were asked to gesture while learning algebra (代数) were nearly three times more likely to remember what they'd learned than classmates who did not gesture.

59. According to Paragraph 1, Frederic Mishkin was asked to sit on his hands because

__

A. he could litter express his ideas that way

B. he always pointed his finger at his professor

C. his professor did not like his gesturing

D. his gestures prevented his professor from thinking

60. How is gesturing important in acquiring knowledge?

A. It draws tasteful responses from others and increases learning speed.

B. It promotes second language learning and quickens thinking.

C. It provides significant clues for solving academic problems.

D. It reduces students' reliance on teachers' instruction.

61. What can be inferred from the passage about gesture-speech mismatches?

A. They can stimulate our creativity.

B. Instructors should make full use of them.

C. Teachers can hardly explain new concepts without them.

D. They serve as a stepping stone to solving real life problems.

62. What could be the best title of the passage?

A. Hand Motions, a Second Language

B. Gesturing: Signal of Understanding

C. New Uses of Gesturing

D. The Secret Code of Learning

C

Several animal species including gorillas in Rwanda and tigers in Bangladesh could risk extinction if the impact of climate change and extreme weather on their habitats is not addressed, a UN report showed on Sunday.

Launched on the sidelines of global climate negotiations in Durban, the report by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization shows how higher temperatures, the rise in sea levels, deforestation and excessive land use have damaged the habitats of certain species, especially in Africa.

"Many ecosystems have already been stressed by increasing population, historical and recent deforestation, unsustainable management practices and even invasive species," Eduardo Rojas-Briales, assistant director general at the FAO's forestry department, said at the launch of the report.

The most affected areas include mountains, isolated islands and coastal areas, which limit the possibilities for animals to migrate elsewhere and create new habitats. "The remaining populations become enclosed in very small ecosystems, they have inbreeding （近亲交配）problems ... and at the end these species may disappear," he added.

Other examples of affected animals included elephants in Mali, lions in the Serengeti and crocodiles in Malawi.

The report said an estimated 20-30 percent of plant and animal species will be at higher risk of extinction due to global warming and a significant proportion of endemic species may become extinct by 2050 as a consequence.

Other consequences could include the spread of invasive species and infectious diseases, it said.

The report urges more focus on restoration of damaged ecosystems, especially those key to tackling （应对）climate change such as mangroves（红树林）, inland waters, forests, savannahs（非洲大草原） and grasslands.

The FAO also called for the creation of migration corridors for animals in areas where their movement was constrained.

The organization said while more resources were flowing to biodiversity conservation, more action at the government and policy level was needed.

It also urged local communities to develop projects that mitigate the impact of climate change on wildlife, naming eco-tourism activities as an example.

63. Why are mountains, isolated islands and coastal areas becoming the most affected areas, according to the passage?

A. Because animals there are more likely to migrate to other places and create new habitats.

B. Because of higher temperatures and the rise in sea levels there.

C. Because it is less possible for animals to move to other places and create new habitats.

D. Because of the spread of invasive species and infectious diseases.

64. What does the underlined word “mitigate” in the last para graph mean?

A. Making something become less serious.

B. Making use of.

C. Developing.

D. Moving from one place to another.

65. What can we infer from the last two paragraphs?

A. There are no resources available to conserve the biodiversity.

B. It is the local communities rather than the government that should take measures to protect the species from extinction.

C. It is better for the local communities to restrict eco-tourism activities.

D. The government should take some measures and some policies should be made to protect the biodiversity though more sources were being used for it.

66. What is the best title for the passage?

A. Animals at risk

B. Global warming and its consequences

C. Solutions to animal distinction

D. Animals at risk due to climate change

D

Chinese media and Internet users on Monday decried（谴责）a lack of morals in society after a toddler was struck twice by two different vans and left bleeding on the road as more than a dozen bystanders did nothing to help the seriously injured girl. The incident, captured by a surveillance camera and aired by Southern Television Guangdong (TVS), showed the two-year-old girl was knocked down and run over by a white van on a narrow market street on the afternoon of Oct. 13, in Foshan City of Guangdong Province.

The driver fled the scene of the accident, leaving the girl to bleed on the sidewalk. Over the next six minutes, more than a dozen people walked by the girl, yet not one individual did anything to help her. The girl was then hit a second time by another van before an elderly trash collector came to her aid and brought the attention of the girl’s mother, according to the video and eyewitnesses.

Doctors said that the girl, who was put on life support after being hospitalized, remains in a deep coma. The girl's parents, who are migrants living in the city, are now with her.

Police said the drivers of both vehicles have been arrested. However, the apathy of the bystanders shown in the video has shocked the public, as Internet forums have seethed with anger, and people are questioning the morality of society.

High moral standards were once triumphed as national pride in China where individuals known for selflessly helping others were adored by the public.

But in recent years, the perception（观念）of a decline of morals has become a hot topic as profit and materialism are perceived to be affecting society’s values. On Sept. 2. an 88-year-old man in central China collapsed, his face striking the pavement. Yet, no one came to his aid, and he ended up choking to death on the blood from his nose.

Some have linked the absence of good Samaritans (模范人物)to a previous case in which a man trying to help an elderly woman who fell was accused of harming her.

A strong chorus of opinion on the Internet says laws should exempt（免除）Samaritans from liability（责任）, yet laws themselves cannot solve society’s morality dilemma. Cao Lin, a China Youth Daily commentator, said in a signed article published on Monday that the worry of liability should not be an excuse for not helping, and this case exposes the decline of humanity in Chinese society.

67. According to the passage, what would happen if someone helped others selflessly in the past?

A. He/she would be condemned by the public.

B. He/she would be awarded by the government.

C. The public would feel proud of him/ her and thus showed love and respect for him/ her

D. He/she would have to worry about liability.

68. Which of the following is TRUE about this passage?

A. Nobody helped the girl who was struck twice by two different vans.

B. The toddler died immediately after she was hit a second time.

C. High moral standards were once regarded as national pride in China.

D. Journalists from TVS captured the incident by using a camera.

69. According to Cao Lin, what is the fundamental reason for not helping the girl?

A. The worry of liability.

B. Lack of laws that exempt Samaritans from liability.

C. The decline of humanity in society.

D. The other two cases mentioned in the article-the case or an 88-year-old man and the case where a man trying to help an elderly woman who fell was accused or harming her.

70. Where is the article most probably taken from?

A. A fashion magazine.

B. A news report.

C. A science fiction.

D. An education column.

第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

A: Pardon me; are you waiting in line for class registration(登记)?

B: Yes, I am. I think everybody in this line is as well.

A: _61__This line is so huge. How long have you been waiting?

B: About twenty minutes. __62__ But it’s a long line.

A: Do you have any idea why there are so many people?

B: __63__

A: I hope they don’t close before we get to the front of the line.

B: __64__ I tried to use the telephone system to register, but it wasn’t working right.__65__

A: Yeah, I’ve used that system before, but I have to pay in person.

A: Yes. You are right.

B: I can’t believe it!

C: I think the problem might be that the deadline is tomorrow.

D: It was a pity that so many people had to wait long.

E: That’s probably anothe r reason why the line is so long today.

F: It seems that the line goes pretty fast.

G: So do I.

第四部分：书面表达（共两节，35分）

(15分)

假如你是李华，是一位高中生。随着科技的发展，iPad已经成为中学生的新宠。用iPad即可以听音乐，阅读电子文书，又可以玩电子游戏。请你用英语给某英语报社写一封信，谈谈中学生使用iPad的情况。信的内容必须包括以下几点：

1.使用iPad对学习的好处；

2.使用iPad对课堂纪律和学习可能产生的负面影响；

3.提出自己的建议。

注意：开头已经给出，不计入总数。词数120字左右。

Dear editor,

I’m a senior high school student named Li Hua.

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________...

Yours sincerely,

Li Hua

第二节 (20分)

你们学校的英语角要举行一场英语演讲比赛,主题是"Life in 2050", 请根据以下提示写一篇演讲稿。120字左右。

[写作内容]1. 人们将穿上由特殊材料制成的衣服,它能根据环境变化调节温度；

2. 家用厨房机器人根据每个人的身体状况配置三餐；

3. 太阳能住房使更多的人住得更舒适；

4. 电脑控制的汽车将根据交通状况自由选择在水上、陆上和空中行驶,塞车和交通事故的发生几率近乎零。

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________

试卷答案

单项选择：

21.C 22.D 23.C 24.B 25.B 26.A 27.D.28.A. 29.D 30.B 31.B 32.D 33.A 34.D 35.D

完形填空：

作者是一位17岁的中学生，利用业余时间打工。一天，在身心疲惫打工的时候，一个人一句话使作者对自己的前途重燃希望。那句话是：You Are Going Places(你前途无量）。

36. D考查语境化选词。我去上班的时候心情非常不好。feeling down 是现在分词作伴随状语，意为“闷闷不乐”。倒数第二段的They 17 my spirit from being down也说明了该题答案。

37． A考查动词辨析。应付那些抱怨食品、座位等的顾客是大大小小的事情。deal with表示“对付”；help with帮助某人做......；talk with和......交谈；meet with遇到，经受。

38． B考查语境话选词。顾客抱怨他们就座的位置。seat是使动词，表示“使坐下”，be seated 意为“坐下，就座”；sit是不及物动词，应为where they sat

39． D考查动词。诸如此类的小事容易造成我们雇员的烦恼。annoy表示“使生气”。因为作者前面提到了顾客的种种抱怨，因此只能导致雇员的烦恼、生气。attract吸引；avoid避免；adjust调整。

40． A考查名词。诸如此类的小事容易造成我们雇员的烦恼。剧中的our和下文的we给答案做了提示。employees表示“受雇者，雇工”。

41． C考查名词。他们碰巧坐在我存放过用过的盘子附近的地方。spot表示“地方，地点”。根据后面的where I keep the dirty 7 in the boxes句子，排除B项；不可能把脏盘子放在客人用餐的桌子上，故排除A；kitchen不会与客人用餐的地方处于同一个位置，故排除D。42． A 考查名词。 the dirty dishes指客人用过的盘子。因为作者是在餐厅打工的学生，

所以“端盘子”才能与文章主题相符。

43． C考查名词。顾客们的进进出出、服务人员的穿梭走动。该空指服务人员在餐馆的来回走动，穿梭服务。顾客们是来这里就餐的，不能来回走，故排除D，A，B两项太片面。44． C考查连词。虽然餐馆处于一片忙乱的状态，但是这三位妇女在专心的看着我。该空前的crazy给该空提出了暗示。

45． B注视着我为了确保每张桌子是干净的去迎接下一位顾客，而多么努力的工作。how相当于how hard。

46.A考查动词。她们吃完饭的时候。根据下文的I took their plates back to the kitchen 排除C、D选项；complete往往用于完成“建筑物”、“工程”、“书籍”等；而finish制作完手中的事情，如：“用完”、“吃完”等。

47． B 考查名词。grade表示“年级”。她们询问我上哪个年级。通过上下文，可知作者是个打工的学生，故B项符合文章。Place地方， mark分数，position位置。

48． C考查连词。当她们离开的时候，她们走过我身边。as引导时间状语从句时，表示主从句的动作同时发生。由句意排除A、D选项；while引导时间状语从句时，从句中的谓语动词是延续性动词。

49． A考查形容词。她们从我身边走过时，有一个人用自信和温和的语调说。由下文的You are going places.（你前途无量）推测说话者语气。因为说话人在鼓励作者，所以只有A项符合语境

50． C考查名词。客人说完后就离开了餐馆。由下文知道，they指three elderly ladies，她们来餐馆用餐。

51． B考查名词。根据文意可知，别人给予了作者自信的“勇气”，作者才得以重新振作起来。

52． B考查动词短语。她们让我振作起来。pick up表示“使恢复精神”。put down放下，镇压；take over接管；point out指出。

53． B考查名词。她们给了我继续努力的理由。reason表示某种行为的原因；cause表示某种现象的原因。

54． A考查名词。有人曾经告诉我，没有学位，我就不能从事电视台的工作。下文的I'm now a co-anchor（联合主持人）of a student-produced television 20.暗示这里的答案。55． C 考查名词。a student-produced television show表示学生制作的电视节目。show 表示“演出，表演节目”。

阅读理解：

Ａ篇：

【答案与解析】本文记述了Bill一生的事业业绩，表达了作者对Bill的怀念之情。

56.C判断题。从第1段中的say a few words in praise of man we will all miss very much.可判断出此题的答案为C。

57. C细节题。根据第2段第2句In only six years可推知此题答案为C。

58. D细节题。根据第2段第1句almost single–handed built up our sales force可推知此题答案为D。

Ｂ篇：

59.C考查判断推理。根据When he was in graduate school, one of his professors was so annoyed by this constant gesturing中的annoyed可知C正确。

60.A考查判断推理。根据it elicits (引出) helpful behavior from others around us.和he act of gesturing itself also seems to quicken learning, bringing new knowledge into consciousness and aiding the understanding of new concepts.可推知A正确。

61.B考查判断推理。根据文章的最后一段可知。

62.D考查文章的标题。根据文章的第二段可知文章的主题是The Secret Code of Learning。

Ｃ篇：

语篇解读：气候变化对野生物带来极大的影响，因为有必要采取措施减轻气候变化。

63. C. 细节理解题。根据第四段“The most affected areas include mountains, isolated islands and coastal areas, which limit the possibilities for animals to migrate elsewhe re and create new habitats.”可判断选C项。

64. A. 词义猜测题。要求当地发展项目来减轻气候变化对野生物的影响，由此可推断划线词应意为“使某事物变得更不严重”，故选A项。

65. D. 推理判断题。根据“The organization said while more resources were flowing to biodiversity conservation, more action at the government and policy level was n eeded.”可判断D项正确。

66. D. 主旨大意题。本文主要介绍气候变化给野生活带来面临灭绝的影响，故正确答案选D 项。

Ｄ篇：

语篇导读：10月13日的广东佛山，一位小女孩在先后被两辆汽车碾压，而过路人视而不见、见死不救。这人义道德何在？

67. C. 细节理解题。根据第六段“High moral standards were once triumphed as national pride in China where individuals known for selflessly helping others were adored by the public.”可知在过去，大众会为那些无私助人者感到骄傲，而且爱戴和尊敬他们。由此判断选C项。

68. C. 细节理解题。根据第六段“High moral standards were once triumphed as national pride in China where individuals known for selflessly helping others were adored by the public.”可知，崇高的道德标准曾经被中国认为是民族的自豪，故选C项。

69. C. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Cao Lin… said …that the worry of liability should not be an excuse for not helping, and this case exposes the decline of humanity in Chinese society”可推断人们见死不救的根本原因在于社会人道主义的下滑，故选C项。70. B. 推理判断题。文章第一段提出全文主题，随后围绕此主题进行报道，此符合新闻的写作特点，且根据文中内容的时事性可推断该文是一篇新闻报道，故选B项。

七选五：

BFCGE

书面表达：

第一节：

Dear editor,

I’m a senior high school student named Li Hua. Now many students have iPads and think it’s a fashion to use them. Using an iPad, we can listen to music, download a lot of learning materials and read them on the screen. Apparently, it is helpful to our study, especially to our English listening.

Some students, however, bring their iPads to classrooms and listen to music with earphones, which makes the teacher and other students greatly annoyed. What’s worse, some of them even waste precious time in class playing video games.

In my opinion, as a student, we should make good use of iPads to help achieve academic success. The classroom is a place for students to study, and therefore concentration is awfully needed for us to learn our lessons. Furthermore , the school should make a rule to guide the students to use iPads in a proper way.

Yours sincerely,

Li Hua

第二节：

答案及解析：

Now, let’s imagine what life will be like in the year 2050. Firstly, I suppose we will be wearing clothes made of special materials which can adjust the temperature according to the surroundings, protecting us from bad weather and unexpected blows. Secondly, meals will be prepared based on our physical conditions by robots in the kitchen so that we can live a healthier life. Thirdly, more people will live in comfortable flats which use solar energy and have more functions than the flats we live in now. Finally, computer-controlled cars will be able to travel in the water, on the road and in the air depending on the traffic conditions, and there will hardly be any traffic jam or accident.