法律英语常用词汇和句型总结
常用术语总结
一、基本概念及用法
债权人：obligee
债务人：obligor
一方：one party
对方\相对人：the other party；善意相对人：the other party in good faith
债权：creditor’s right; right to performance; right
债务/义务： obligation
标的物：subject matter
责任：liability
要约：offer;
承诺：acceptance;
要约邀请：invitation to offer;
要约人：offeror
受要约人：offeree
收件人：recipient
代理人：agent
被代理人/本人：principle
行为人：person performing (such) act
代理权：agency authority
应当：shall
可以：may
不能：may not
不正当：improperly
有权做. . .：may; is entitled to do
履行义务：perform obligation, render performance
订立合同：enter into a contract; conclude a contract; form a contract
带来损失：cause loss to . . .
损害利益：harm somebody’s interest
赔偿损失：indemnify the other party for its loss
由某人承担费用：expenses shall be borne by sb.
承担损害赔偿责任：be liable for damages
各自承担相应的责任：bear their respective liabilities accordingly
要求承担违约责任：hold . . . liable for breach of contract
享有权利、承担义务：assume right and obligation
二、各个条文中的术语
合同订立采取. . .方式： a contract is concluded by the exchange of. . .
(e.g. by the exchange of an offer and an acceptance; by the exchange of electronic messages)
. . .的意思表示：manifestation of intention to do something
做出表示：manifest his intention (to do)
接受履行：accept the performance
订立合同时：in the course of concluding/ negotiating a contract; at the time of its conclusion 符合．．．规定：meet the requirement of . . .
承诺的撤回：withdrawal of acceptance
书面形式：in writing
合同书形式：memorandum of contract
具有本法. . .条规定的情形：fall into any of the circumstances set forth in Article. . .
撤回：withdraw; 撤销：cancel
拒绝追认：decline; 拒绝履行：reject
受约束：be bound；is binding upon somebody
表明：indicate
价目表：price list
拍卖公告：announcement of auction
招标公告：call for tender
招股说明书：prospectus
商业广告：commercial advertisement
数据电文：electronic message
指定特定系统：designate a specific system
快速通讯方式：instantaneous communication device
国家指令性任务或国家订货任务：state mandatory plan or state purchase order
根据需要/要求：in light of its requirement
格式条款：standard terms
条款：provision
提请注意义务：duty to call attention
应. . .要求，做. . .：do something upon the request of . . .
与对方协商：negotiate with the other party
预先拟定：prepare in advance
重复使用：repeated use
提供格式条款一方：the party supplying standard terms
免除或限制责任：exclude or limit liability
加重对方责任：increase the liabilities of the other party
排除对方主要权利：deprive the other party of material rights
合理的方式：in a reasonable manner
对格式条款的理解：construction of standard term
通常理解：common sense
不一致：discrepancy between… and …
解释：interpret
缔约过失责任：pre-contract liabilities
恶意磋商：negotiate in bad faith
以. . .名义：under the pretext of
隐瞒与. . .有关的重要事实：conceal material facts relating to . . .
提供虚假情况：supply false information
商业秘密：trade secret
泄露或不正当使用商业秘密：disclose or improperly use trade secret
在订立合同的过程中获悉：become aware of in the course of negotiating a contract
生效条件：conditions precedent
解除条件：conditions subsequent
阻止／促成条件成立：impair/facility satisfaction of a condition
对合同的效力约定附条件：prescribe that the effectiveness of a contract be subject to certain conditions
附生效/解除条件的合同：a contract subject to condition precedent/subsequent
条件成立：condition is satisfied
附期限的合同：contract term
生效/失效期限：a time of commencement/expiration
限制民事行为能力人：a person with limited capacity for civil act
法定代理人：legal agent
追认：ratify
纯获利益的合同：a contract from which such person accrues benefits only
与其年龄、智力、精神健康状况相适应：be appropriate for his age, intelligence, mental health
催告法定代理人在一个月内予以追认：demand legal agent to ratify the contract within one month
视为拒绝追认：is deemed to decline ratify the contract
撤销的权利：somebody is entitled to cancel. . .
以通知的方式做出：be effected by notification
以. . .的名义：on one’s behalf
没有代理权：lack agency authority
超越代理权：act beyond his agency authority
代理权终止：agency authority is extinguished
请求人民法院或仲裁机构变更或撤销：petition the People’s court or an arbitration institution for amendment or cancellation
重大误解：material mistake
显失公平：grossly unconscionable
欺诈：fraud
胁迫：duress
乘人之危：take advantage of the other party’s hardship
真实意思：true intention
受损害方：aggrieved party
合同无效、被撤销或者终止：invalidity, cancellation or discharge of a contract
不影响. . .条款的效力：not impair the validity of the contract provision concerning. . .
争议解决方法：the method of dispute resolution
返还财产：make restitution of property
过错方：the party at fault
折价补偿：allowance be made in money based on the value of the property
在合同约定的交付期间：during the prescribed period of delivery
交付时的价格：price of delivery
迟延交付标的物/提取标的物/付款：delay in delivering the subject matter; delay in taking delivery; delay in making payment
同时履行： simultaneous performance
互负债务：owe performance toward each other
没有先后履行顺序：there is no order of performance
履行不符合约定：render non-conforming performance
拒绝其相应的履行要求： reject its corresponding requirement for performance
部分履行：partial performance
债务人部分履行给债权人增加的费用：additional expenses incurred by obligee due to obligor’s partial performance
代位权：subrogation
怠于行使到期债权：delay in exercising its creditor’s right that was due
专属于. . .人本身：exclusively personal to somebody
转让债权：assign a right
受让人取得与债权有关的从权利：assignee assumes any incidental right associated with the obligee’s right
让与人与受让人：assignor, assignee
接到. . . 通知：upon receipt of notice of assignment
债务人可以向受让人主张抵销：the obligor may avail itself of any set-off against the assignee
对某人享有债权： have right to performance by/against somebody
合并/分立：a party has effected combination/division
合并/分立后的法人：legal person resulting from combination/division
行使合同权利，履行合同义务：assume the rights and obligations
享有连带债权，承担连带债务：jointly and severally assume the rights and obligations
合同解除：terminate
合同终止：discharge
债务互相抵销：obligations were set off against each other
将标的物提存：place the subject matter in escrow
免除债务：release the obligor from performance
毁损、灭失的风险：the risk of damage or loss
孳息：fruits of subject matter
违约责任：liabilities for breach of contract
履行合同义务：perform obligations under a contract
符合约定的履行合同义务：perform obligations in accordance with the contract; render conforming performance
继续履行：specific performance
采取补救措施：cure of non-conforming performance
赔偿损失：payment of damages
预期违约：anticipatory breach
明确表示：expressly state
行为表明：indicate by conduct
违约金：liquidated damage
一定数额：a certain sum/amount of …
根据违约情况：in the light of degree of breach
因违约产生的损失赔偿额的计算方法：a method for calculation of damages for the loss resulting from a party’s breach.
适当减少：decrease the amount as appropriate
公平原则：the principle of fairness
诚实信用原则：the principle of good faith
三、“效力”的词汇
. . .的效力：effectiveness/validity of . . .e.g. effectiveness of contract/offer
生效：become effective
失效：extinguish
有效：valid
无效：invalid
四、时间的词汇
到达时间：time of arrival
承诺期限：the period for acceptance
信件载明的日期或电报交发之日：date shown on the letter or the date on which the telegram is handed in for dispatch
邮戳日期：the posting date stamped on the envelop
超过承诺期间：after expiration of the period for acceptance
履行期限：time of performance
. . .期间自…开始计算：the period for. . . commences on the date when. . ./once . . .
五、常用句型：
●Ａ符合Ｂ情况的，视为Ｃ：A is deemed as C, if B.
●表示假设，用”where” or ”if”
●如果是个长句子，内容为：在一个大前提A下，又有几个不同的条件(B、C)，每个条件
下的结果（D是B的结果，E是C的结果）都不同。可以用：Where/When A, if B，D；
if C, E. 例如：合同法第16条\36条。
●A时间被视为B时间：the time when. . .is deemed as time of. . .（the time when the
electronic message enters into such specific system is deemed as time of arrival）●. . .时A成立：用once/when/upon，e.g. A contract is formed once the acceptance
becomes effective. A contract becomes effective upon its formation.
An offer become effective when it reaches the offeree.
●在…之前，或同时到达：reach … before or at the same time as . . . e.g. the notice of
withdrawal shall reach offeror before or at the same time as the acceptance.
●具有本法. . .条规定的情形，则. . .：. . .is . . ., if it falls into any of the circumstances set
forth in Article. . . hereof. E.g. A standard term is invalid, if it falls into any of the circumstances set forth in Article 52 hereof.
●法律、行政法规规定. . ., 依照其规定：Where. . .is subject to provisions of relevant law
or administrative regulation, such provisions apply.
●附生效/失效期限的合同，自. . .时生效/失效：A contract subject to a time of
commencement/expiration becomes effective/ is extinguished at such time.
●. . . 除外：. . . , except where 句子 e.g. 第72条
●除非双方另有约定：. . . , unless otherwise agreed by the parties
●法律规定或者当事人约定的其他. . .情形：any other circumstances of . . . provided by
law, or prescribed by the parties
●法律、行政法规规定或当事人约定. . .： . . . as required by the relevant law or
administrative regulation or as agreed by the parties
●. . . 的范围，以. . .为限：the scope of . . .is limited to the extent of. . .
●有下列情形之一的，. . . ：. . . in any of the following circumstances
●无论. . . ：regardless of whether/when/where. . .
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法律渊源s o u r c e o f l a w 制定法 statute 判例法 case law; precedent 普通法 common law 特别法 special law 固有法 native law; indigenous law 继受法 adopted law 实体法 substantial law 程序法 procedural law 原则法 fundamental law 例外法 exception law 司法解释 judicial interpretation 习惯法 customary law 公序良俗 public order and moral 自然法 natural law 罗马法 Roman Law 私法 private law 公法 public law 市民法 jus civile 万民法 jus gentium 民法法系 civil law system 英美法系 system of Anglo-American law 大陆法系 civil law system 普通法 common law 大陆法 continental law 罗马法系 Roman law system 衡平法 equity; law of equity 日尔曼法 Germantic law 教会法 ecclesiastical law 寺院法 canon law 伊斯兰法 Islamic law 民法法律规范 norm of civil law 授权规范 authorization norm 禁止规范 forbidding norm 义务性规范 obligatory norm 命令性规范 commanding norm 民法基本原则 fundamental principles of civil law 平等原则 principle of equality 自愿原则 principle of free will 公平原则 principle of justice 等价有偿原则 principle of equal value exchange
法律英语-法理常用词汇
按照法律规定according to law 按照确定的份额分享权力：be entitled to rights in proportion to his proper share of the credit 按照确定的份额分担义务：assume obligations in proportion to his proper share of the debt 案例教学法case system 案例汇编case book; case report; law report 柏拉图Plato 被视为be deemed as 被宣布为非法be outlawed; be declared illegal 比较法comparative law 比较法学comparative jurisprudence 比较法学派school of comparative jurisprudence 比较法制史comparative legal history 比较分析法method of comparative analysis 比较刑法comparative penal law 比较刑法学comparative penal jurisprudence 必然因果关系positive causal relationship 边缘法学borderline jurisprudence 变通办法adaptation; accommodation 补充规定supplementary provision 补救办法remedial measures 不成文法unwritten law 不成文宪法unwritten constitution
大学英语作文常用句型很好用
词语是语言的内容，句型是言语的框架。如果只有词语，而没有组织词语的句型，语言就难有深度，难成逻辑。所以熟记一些在文章的不同位置和用于表达不同逻辑的常用句型是英语初、中级学习者必须完成的一项任务。因此在本章中特别编辑了一些在英语写作中常用的句型，供大家在学习和实践中参考使用。 常用于引言段的句型 1. Some people think that …. To be frank, I can not agree with their opinion for the reasons below. 2. For years, … has been seen as …, but things are quite different now. 3. I believe the title statement is valid because…. 4. I cannot entirely agree with the idea that …. I believe…. 5. My argument for this view goes as follows. 6. Along with the development o f…, more and more…. 7. There is a long-running debate as to whether…. 8. It is commonly/generally/widely/ believed /held/accepted/recognized that…. 9. As far as I am concerned, I completely agree with the former/ the latter. 10. Before giving my opinion, I think it is essential to look at the argument of both sides. 常用于正文段的句型 一、表示比较和对比的常用句型和表达法 1. A is completely / totally / entirely different from B. 2. A and B are different in some/every way / respect / aspect. 3. A and B differ in…. 4. A differs from B i n…. 5. The difference between A and B is/lies in/exists in…. 6. Compared with/In contrast to/Unlike A, B…. 7. A…, on the other hand,/in contrast,/while/whereas B…. 8. While it is generally believed that A …, I believe B…. 9. Despite their similarities, A and B are also different. 10. Both A and B …. However, A…; on the other hand, B…. 11. The most striking difference is that A…, while B…. 二、演绎法常用的句型 1．There are several reasons for…, but in general, they come down to three major ones. 2．There are many factors that may account for…, but the following are the most typical ones. 3．Many ways can contribute to solving this problem, but the following ones may be most effective. 4．Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows. 5．The reasons are as follows. 三、因果推理法常用句型 1. Because/Since we read the book, we have learned a lot. 2. If we read the book, we would learn a lot. 3. We read the book; as a result / therefore / thus / hence / consequently / for this reason / because of this,
法律英语专业词汇大全.doc
法律英语专业词汇大全 一、律师部分案件受理费court acceptance fee 案情重大、复杂important and complicated case 案由cause of action 案子case 包揽诉讼monopolize lawsuits 被告defendant(用于民事、行政案件) 被诉人respondent; defendant 本地律师local counsel 毕业证diploma; graduation certificate 辩护词defense; pleadings 辩护律师defense lawyer 辩护要点point of defense 辩护意见submission 财产租赁property tenancy 裁定书order; ruling; determination（指终审裁定）裁决书award（用于仲裁）裁决书verdict（用于陪审团）采信的证据admitted evidence; established evidence 草拟股权转让协议drafting agreement of assignment of equityinterests 查阅法条source legal provisions 出差go on errand; go on a business trip 出国深造further study abroad 出具律师意见书providing legal opinion 出示的证据exhibit 出庭appear in court 传票summons; subpoena 答辩状answer; reply 代理词representation 代理房地产买卖与转让agency for sale and transfer of real estate 代理公证、商标、专利、版权、房地产、工商登记agency for notarization,trademark, patent, copyright, and registration of real estate andincorporations 代理仲裁agency for arbitration 代写文书drafting of legal instruments 待决案件pending case 当事人陈述statement of the parties 第三人third party 吊销执业证revocation of lawyer license 调查笔录investigative record 调查取证investigation and gathering for evidence 调解mediation 调解书mediation 二审案件case of trial of second instance 发送电子邮件send e-mail 法律顾问
2020年法律翻译常用词汇注释大全参照模板
A Ab initio 从开始形容事件由开始时的状态，例如合约从开始便已经无效，称为“The contract was void ab initio”。Accord accord在普通英语中的含义是符合，一致，在法律英语中则表示和解或和解协议，指指债务人和一个债权人达成的、以偿还部分债务免除全部债务责任的协议。如reach an accord达成和解协议，accord and satisfaction和解与清偿等。 Accused 被告Accused通常指刑事案件的被告，民事诉讼的被告称为Defendant；而申索案件中的被索偿的一方称为Respondent（答辩人）。 acquire acquire在普通英语中的含义是获得，获取，而且通常指通过后天的努力获得。在法律英语中通常指对公司的购买，收购，我们通常所说的M&A，即是acquire的名词acquisition和merger的缩写。如The foreign investor has acquired more than 10 PRC domestic enterprises engaging in related industries within a year. 外国投资者一年内并购中国境内关联行业的企业超过10个。 Acquittal 罪名不成立刑事案件经审讯后，被告罪名不成立被释放，称为“The accused is acquitted”。Acquittal 是名词。 Act act在普通英语中的含义是行动，行为，在法律英语中通常理解为作为，与不作为forbear相对应。如：Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, the Minister may, on the recommendation of the Commission, direct the Commission to act or forbear from。 Action act在普通英语中的含义是行动，在法律英语中则理解为诉讼，相当于suit或lawsuit，如initiate an action 提起诉讼，win an action在诉讼中获胜，defend oneself in an action在诉讼中为自己辩护等。 Adjourn 休庭，押后法庭在聆讯途中暂时休庭30分钟，称为“adjourned for 30 minutes”。如要将聆讯押后再排期重审，称为“adjourned to a date to be fixed”。 Admission admission是admit的名词，在普通英语中的含义是承认或接纳。在法律英语中，则通常是法律程序中的一个用语，意思是采纳，采信（证据），如The defendant challenged the admission of the evidence by the court on the ground that the evidence was irrelevant.被告以证据没有相关性为由反对法院对其予以采信。 Adopt adopt的最常见含义是采用，通过，如adopt a law通过一项法律，adopt a proposal采纳一个建议等，这种用法在法律英语中也较为常见。另外，adopt在法律英语中可能会用到一个含义是收养，如adopt an orphan according to law根据法律规定收养孤儿。 Affect affect是普通英语中最常见最普通的单词之一，意思是影响，通常用在口语和非正式的场合中。但在法律英语，affect（本义没有改变，仍然是影响），确实非常正式的用法，通常不能用influence等单词替换。如The failure of either party at any time or times to require performance of any provision hereof shall in no manner affect its right at a later time to enforce the same．任何一方在任何时候未要求另一方履行本协议任一条款，并在不影响其以后强制执行该条款的权利。
法律英语常用词汇
法律英语实用单词讲解 accord释义：accord在普通英语中的含义是符合，一致，在法律英语中则表示和解或和解协议，指指债务人和一个债权人达成的、以偿还部分债务免除全部债务责任的协议。如reach an accord达成和解协议，accord and satisfaction和解与清偿等。 acquire释义：acquire在普通英语中的含义是获得，获取，而且通常指通过后天的努力获得。在法律英语中通常指对公司的购买，收购，我们通常所说的M&A，即是acquire的名词acquisition和merger 的缩写。如The foreign investor has acquired more than 10 PRC domestic enterprises engaging in related industries within a year. 外国投资者一年内并购中国境内关联行业的企业超过10个。 act释义：act在普通英语中的含义是行动，行为，在法律英语中通常理解为作为，与不作为forbear 相对应。如：Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, the Minister may, on the recommendation of the Commission, direct the Commission to act or forbear from action释义：act在普通英语中的含义是行动，在法律英语中则理解为诉讼，相当于suit或lawsuit，如initiate an action提起诉讼，win an action在诉讼中获胜，defend oneself in an action在诉讼中为自己辩护等。 adopt释义：adopt的最常见含义是采用，通过，如adopt a law通过一项法律，adopt a proposal 采纳一个建议等，这种用法在法律英语中也较为常见。另外，adopt在法律英语中可能会用到一个含义是收养，如adopt an orphan according to law根据法律规定收养孤儿。 admission释义：admission是admit的名词，在普通英语中的含义是承认或接纳。在法律英语中，则通常是法律程序中的一个用语，意思是采纳，采信（证据），如The defendant challenged the admission of the evidence by the court on the ground that the evidence was irrelevant.被告以证据没有相关性为由反对法院对其予以采信。 affect释义：affect是普通英语中最常见最普通的单词之一，意思是影响，通常用在口语和非正式的场合中。但在法律英语，affect（本义没有改变，仍然是影响），确实非常正式的用法，通常不能用influence 等单词替换。如The failure of either party at any time or times to require performance of any provision hereof shall in no manner affect its right at a later time to enforce the same．任何一方在任何时候未要求另一方履行本协议任一条款，并在不影响其以后强制执行该条款的权利。 affiliate释义：affiliate是法律英语的常见单词之一，意思是关联方，关联公司，也可以associate或connected person表示。如“Affiliate” means any person or company that directly or indirectly controls a Party or is directly or indirectly controlled by a Party，including a Party's parent or subsidiary, or is under direct or indirect common control with such Party.“关联公司”指直接或间接控制一方(包括其母公司或子公司)或受一方直接或间接控制，或与该方共同受直接或间接控制的任何人或公司。 agent释义：agent也是法律英语中常见单词之一，意思是代理人，代理商，通常指商业代理，如果指非商业性质的代理，如替别人出席会议等，则可用proxy。 例句：Nothing in this Agreement or in the performance of any of its provisions is intended or shall be construed to constitute either party an agent, 1egal representative, subsidiary，joint venturer，partner，employer，or employee of the other for any purpose whatsoever． 参考译文：本协议的任何内容或本协议任何条款的履行，无意表示、亦不应被理解为任何一方为任何目的可以充当另一方的代理人、法定代表、子公司、合营方、合作伙伴、雇主或雇员。
考研英语作文常用句子总结
考研英语作文常用句子总结 句型在英语学习中占有不可替代的作用，背诵一些有用的句子对于我们来说也是非常重要的。考研英语作文冲刺复习要注意积累，记忆一些好的句式。素材丰富了，大家才能下笔灵活，下面分享的这些考研英语常用写作句型，大家可以收藏。 1.The cartoon vividly shows an important truth that…漫画生动地揭示了一个重要的道理 2.As is vividly depicted in the drawings 漫画生动地描述了 3.Clearly, the cartoon reveals a very common problem in our society 很明显，漫画揭示了我们社会的一个普遍现象 4.The implied meaning of the drawings is that 漫画的寓意是 5.As is manifested in the cartoon 如漫画所示 6.The two drawings stand in a sharp contrast 两幅图形成了鲜明的对比 7.A ridiculous situation 一个可笑的场景 8.To grasp the full implication 充分理解寓意 9.With sweats trailing down the face 汗流满面 10.There is no denying that… 毋庸置疑…… 11.There is a general assumption that 人们普遍认为 12.To make careful decision 认真做决定