从属连词状语从句(DOC)
一、重点知识归纳及讲解
（一）从属连词
从属连词是引导状语从句，宾语从句及其他从句的连词。
1．引导状语从句的从属连词有：
1）when, while, before, after, as soon as, until, since等，引导时间状语从句。
2）because, as, since等引导原因状语从句。
3）if, as long as等引导条件状语从句。
4）though, although引导让步状语从句。
5）so…that…, such…that…等引导结果状语从句。
6）so that引导目的状语从句。
7）as?as?；than等引导比较状语从句。
2．常用从属连词的辨析
1）when, as, while
when, as, while都表示“当…的时候”，但when引导的时间状语从句的动作和主句的动作可以是同时发生，也可以先后发生，when既可指时间点，也可指一段时间，所以既可引导一短暂动作动词，也可引导持续性动作的动词。
用as作从属连词引导时间状语时强调主句和从句的动作并行发生，不指先后，尤指短动作或事件同时发生。如：As I looked, someone came near.（正当我看的时候，有个人走上前来。）as还可说咱两种正发展或变化的情况，意为“随着”。如：As spring warms the earth, all flowers begin to bloom.（随着春回大地，百花开始绽放。）表示主从句动作同时，as意为“一边…一边…”。如：He hurried home, looking behind as he went.（他匆匆忙忙跑回家，一边走一边回头望。）
while只指一段时间，从句中的谓语动词不能用终止性动词，强调某一段时间内主从句动作同时发生，常对同类的动作进行对比。如：While we were waiting for a bus, it was raining hearily.（我们在等车时，天正下着大雨。）
2）till和until
till和until都表示“直到…为止”。主句用延续性动词，主句和从句都用肯定式：意为“直到…才”。主句用终止性动词，从句用肯定式，主句用否定式。until较till正式，until引导的时间从句可以放在句首。
例如：
She won't go away till you promise to help her.
直到你允诺要帮助她，她才走开。
Until you told me, I had heard of nothing what happened.
直到你告诉我，我才知道发生了什么事。
3）since
since引导的时间状语从句常用一般过去时，其主句一般使用现在完成时。
例如：
Jim has been in the factory for two years since he left school.
从吉姆毕业起，他在这家工厂工作两年了。
修饰主句中的谓语动词，形容词或副词等的从句叫状语从句。
例如：
He didn't go to school yesterday because he was ill.（修饰动词go）
昨天他没去上学，因为他病了。
We must study so well as our teacher hoped.（修饰副词well）
我们应该学得你我们老师希望的那么好。
Lucy is younger than Jim(is)。（修饰形容词younger）
露茜比吉姆年轻。
状语从句的语序应是主语+谓语+其他成分，即陈述句的语序。
状语从句的位置，可以放在主句前面或后面，但是若放在主句前面，要用逗号与主句分开；主句若是疑问句，那么时间状语从句只能放在主句的前面。
1）时间状语从句
时间状语从句由when, while, after, before, since, as soon as, till, until等连词引导。
例如：
I went to bed after the TV play was ever.
电视剧完了以后我上床睡觉。
Could you look after her while we're away?
我们不在时你能照顾她吗？
She has taught in this school since she came to this city in 1989.
自从一九八九年她来到这座城市以来一直在这所学校教书。
Wait until I come back.
请你等到我回来。
注意：
如主句是一般将来时，则表示将来的时间状语只用一般现在时。
例如：
I'll write to you as soon as I get to Beijing.
我一到北京就将写信给你。
It will get warmer and warmer when spring comes.
春天来临时，天气将变得越来越暖和。
2）原因状语从句
原因状语从句由because, as, since等连词引导。
例如：
He sold the car because it was too small.
他卖掉那辆小汽车，因为它太小了。
Since you won't help me, I must do the job myself.
你既然不帮我忙，我必须自己做这项工作。
As my mother is away at this moment, I have to look after my younger sister.
由于我的妈妈现在不在，我不得不照顾我的妹妹。
注意：
a）because, as, since, for的用法辨析
because, as, since, for都是表示各种理由的连词，但because多表示所叙述的理由是本句的重点，故because所引导的从句常放在句末。
例如：
Why was he absent? Because he was badly ill.
他为什么缺度？因为他病得很重。
as, since用于表示理由是已知，而理由以外才是叙述的重点，两者皆多用于句首，但要注意since重形式，as多表示理由以外的才是重点。
例如：
As it is raining, let's stay as home.
因为下雨，我们就留在家里吧。
Since you have no license, you are not allowed to drive.
因为你没有驾驶执照，所以你不可以开车。
for不用于句首，而用于主句之后，补充说明理由；主句表推测时，用for说明原因。例如：
I'll follow his advice, for he is a doctor.
我会听从他的劝告，因为他是医生。
b）because of也是表示原因状语，但后面只能跟短语。
例如：
I stayed at home because of the bad weather.
因为天气不好我留在家里。
3）比较状语从句
比较状语从句由than或as来引导。
例如：
I feel better now than (I was) before.
我现在觉得比以前好了。
He writes as well as you (do).
他写得和你一样好。
This problem is more difficult than that one (is).
这道题比那道题难。
4）条件状语从句
条件状语从句由if, unless（= if not）算连词引导。条件从句中的动词多用一般现在时表示将来。
例如：
I shall go if he asks me.
如果他请我，我就去。
I shan't go unless he asks me.
除非他请我，否则我是不去的。
I shall go, whether he asks me or not.
不管他请不请我，我都要去。
Come with me if you have time.
如果你有时间请跟我来。
I want to watch a basketball match if I'm well tonight.
如果今晚我好了的话，我要看一场篮球赛。
由and连接的简单句，可以用条件状语从句来改写。
例如：
Run faster and you'll catch up with him.
跑快点儿你就会赶上他。
=If you run faster, you'll catch up with him.
如果你跑得快点，你就会赶上他。
5）结果状语从句
结果状语从句由so that, so… that引导。
例如：
He has lost his bike so that he can't come to school on time.（结果状语）
他去了自行车，所以不能准时到校。
Your shirt were so dirty that you must wash it.（结果状语）
你的衬衣这么脏，你应该把它洗洗。
注意：
由so…that引导的状语从句若是表示否定意思，可以用too…to（太…而不能）来替换。
例如：
She was so angry that she could not say a word.
=She was too angry to say a word.
她气得说不出话来。
6）让步状语从句
让步状语从句一般用though（虽然）、although（虽然）、even though（即使）引导。例如：
Though/Although he tried hard, he was not successful.
他虽然努力尝试，但没有成功。
He went on working though it was very late.
虽然很晚了，他还在继续工作。
注意：
1．汉语中的“虽然…但是…”在英语中用连词though就可以了，或单独使用but连接两个并列句也可以，但不能在一个句子中同时用这两个连词（主句前不用连词）。例如：
“虽然我很喜欢照顾我姐姐的婴儿，但她不让我干”。这个句子我们可以用下面两种方法来表达。
Though I like looking after my sister's baby, she doesn't let me do it.
I like looking after my sister's baby, but she doesn't let me do it.
=though可以与yet连用，这里yet虽然意思与but相同，但yet不是连词，而是副词。
例如：
Though it was cold, yet he went out without a coat.
虽然很冷，但他没穿外衣就出去了。
二、随堂监测A组
I. 用when, before, after, until, as soon as, if, as, because, though, than, since, so…that填空:
1. I haven’t heard from him _______ he left home.
2. He was _______ tired _______ he couldn’t go on working.
3. I was cooking ______ she knocked at the door.
4. He didn’t go to bed ______ he finished his homework.
5. The soldiers set off to the front ______ they received the officer’s order.
6. She went to bed _______ the TV play was over.
7. I won’t believe it _______ I hear with my own ears.
8. We should strike _______ the iron is hot.
9. Take the medicine _______ you go to bed.
10. They couldn’t send their children to school _______ life was very hard in those
days.
11. _______ this method doesn’t work, let’s try another.
12. We’re leaving for Shenzhen _______ it is fine today.
13. I knew nothing about it _______ he told me.
14. The singer was _______ pleased _______ he couldn’t say a word.
15. Please work harder _______ all of you can pass the final exam.
16. Army and people are as inseparable (不可分的) _______ fish and water.
17. The harvest of this year is much better ______ that of last year.
18. _______ the story is short and there are no new words in it, it is difficult to
understand.
II. 用适当的连词完成改写后的句子,使其与第一个句子意思相同或相近:
1. We can’t finish the work in time without your help.
We can’t finish the work in time _______ you don’t help me.
2. Now shop blowing, and the glass will be clear again.
_______ you now stop blowing, the glass will be clear again.
3. If we don’t hurry, we’ll be late for the film.
Let’s hurry, ______ we’ll be late for the film.
4. The girl is too young to go to school.
The girl is ______ young ______ she can’t go to school.
5. Jenny got up even earlier the next morning in order to get to school on time.
Jenny got up even earlier the next morning _______ she could get to school on time.
6. Jack hasn’t seen the new film. I haven’t seen it, either.
______ Jack ______ I have seen the new film.
7. Wei Hua is a League member. Han Meimei is a League member, too.
______ Wei Hua ______ Han Meimei are League members.
8. The little boy speaks English very well. He speaks Russian very well, too.
The little boy speaks ______ English ______ Russian very well.
9. Xiao Ming was born in 1988. Wang Lin was born in 1988, too.
Xiao Ming is just as old ______ Wang Lin.
10. Miss Gao is very kind. All the students like her.
Miss Gao is ______ kind ______ all the students like her.
三、随堂监测B组
III. 单项选择:
1. We were getting ready to go out ______ it began to rain.
A. where
B. when
C. since
D. if
2. We love spring ______ there’re beautiful flowers everywhere.
A. but
B. if
C. though
D. because
3. The work was _______ difficult _______ it took us quite a long time to do it.
A. such, that
B. so, that
C. too, that
D. too, to
4. I’ll tell him to give you a call ______ he comes back.
A. because
B. since
C. as soon as
D. but
5. --- Why did Li Lei use a pencil? --- _______ his pen was broken.
A. Because
B. When
C. Until
D. If
6. I think Chinese is more popular ______ any other subject.
A. than
B. for
C. as
D. then
7. What do I have to do ______ I want to be thinner?
A. if
B. because
C. since
D. for
8. I won’t turn off the light ______ you’ve finished reading.
A. when
B. after
C. as soon as
D. until
9. I’ll study English and other objects _______ I can.
A. so hard as
B. as hard as
C. so hardly as
D. as hardly as
10. Though it rained heavily, _______ were still playing on the playground.
A. they
B. so they
C. but they
D. and they
11. You should finish your exercises ______ you go to bed.
A. after
B. before
C. because
D. if
12. --- Are we going to West Hill Farm by bike?
--- No. By bus, _______ it is quite far from here.
A. if
B. when
C. though
D. because
13. Mr. Read has taught in that small town ______ he left Canada in 1988.
A. when
B. after
C. for
D. since
14. I’m ______ busy getting ready for Christmas _______ I have no time to write to you.
A. not, until
B. too, to
C. so, that
D. neither, nor
15. You’ll do better in English ______ you work harder.
A. or
B. than
C. if
D. before
16. Tom didn’t go to school yesterday ______ he was ill.
A. but
B. until
C. if
D. because
17. Li Hua ______ in the factory since she left school ten years ago.
A. works
B. worked
C. has worked
D. had worked
18. --- I’m going to Hangzhou for a holiday this weekend.
--- ________ you are there, can you buy me some green tea?
A. Because
B. If
C. While
D. After
19. What shall we do ______ it rains tomorrow?
A. so
B. if
C. but
D. because
20. If you ______ him tomorrow, please ask him if he _______ to work on the farm with us.
A. see, goes
B. will see, goes
C. will see, will go
D. see, will go
21. The room is ______ dirty ______ we don’t want to stay here.
A. so, that
B. such, that
C. either, or
D. as, as
22. _______ he’s very young, _______ he knows several languages.
A. Though, but
B. Because, so
C. Though, /
D. Because, /
23. They will have a sports meeting if it ______ tomorrow.
A. won’t rain
B. will rain
C. doesn’t rain
D. rains
24. My parents will go out for an outing with me if they ______ free next Sunday.
A. will be
B. are
C. have
D. will have
25. We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl.
A. know
B. had known
C. have known
D. knew
26. Could you ring me up as soon as he ______?
A. arrived
B. would arrive
C. arrives
D. will arrive
27. We ______ TV when the telephone ________.
A. watched, was ringing
B. were watching, rang
C. watch, rings
D. are watching, rang
28. Kate ______ to bed until her father returned yesterday evening.
A. won’t go
B. doesn’t go
C. went
D. didn’t go
29. If the child _______, please telephone the police.
A. found
B. is found
C. was found
D. has found
30. If you ______ here tomorrow, I’ll be delighted.
A. comes
B. will come
C. came
D.
come
1.John shut everybody out of the kitchen ______he could prepare his grand surprise for the party. A. which B. when C. so that
D. as if
2.I would appreciate it ________you call back this afternoon for the doctor’s appointment. A. until B. if
C. when
D. that
3.As far as I am concerned，education is about learning and the more you learn，
________. A. the more for life are you equipped B. the more equipped for
life you are C. the more life you are equipped for D. you are equipped the more for life
4.After the war，a new school building was put up ________there had once been a theatre. A. that B. where
C. which
D. When
5. —Is Mr. Smith in the office? —Yes，________ he is in charge of the office，he must be there. A. since B. however
C. whether
D. for
6.As your good friend, I will do ________help you. A. that I can to B. what I can to C. all that I can D. what I can
7.John may phone tonight. I don’t want to go out ________he phones. A. as long as
B. in order to
C. in case
D. so tha
8.Someone called me up in the middle of the night，but they hung up ________I could answer the phone. A. as B. since C. until D. Before
9. —Don’t look down upon Bob. He has his own advantages. —Oh, yes.
________others are weak, he is strong. A. If B. When
C. Where
D. Though
10.It is ten years ________he smoked. A. that B. when
C. since
D. while
11.We must hurry up ________catch up with the last train. A. that
B. so that to
C. in order that
D. in order to
12.No matter ________hard it may be，I will carry it out. A. what
B. whatever
C. how
D. however
13.________ you may do，you must do it well. A. Which B. Whenever C. Whatever D. When
14.—Are you thinking about going to New York for the holiday? —No. But if I
________the time，I would definitely go. A. have B. had C. have had D. would have
15.________ you are so weak，you’d better stay at home. A. Since
B. For
C. Because
D. Though
16.English and French are taught here. You can choose ________you like. A. no matter which B. whichever C. which D. whatever
17.I saw Mr. Smith last Sunday. We had not seen each other ________I left London.
A. as
B. before
C. since
D. till
18.I’ll be back before you ________. A. will leave B. will have left
C. leave
D. would leave
19.The problem won’t be settled until we ________a chance to discuss it thoroughly.
A. have had
B. will have
C. will have had
D. would have
20.If you ________this experiment，you will understand the theory better. A. will be doing B. have done C. will have done D. would
do
A组I. 1. since 2. so, that 3. when 4. until 5. as soon as 6. after 7. until 8. while 9. before 10. because 11. Since 12. if 13. until 14. so, that 15. so, that 16. as 17. than 18. Though
II. 1. if 2. If 3. or 4. so, that 5. so that 6. Neither, nor 7. Both, and 8. both, and 9. as 10. so, that
B组III. 1—5 ACCDA 6—10 BBBDB 11—15 BDDCC 16—20 DCCBD 21—25 ACCBC 26—30 CBDBD
1~5 CBBBA 6~10 BCDCC 11~15 DCCBA 16~20 BCCAB
引导让步状语从句的从属连词
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连词与状语从句知识梳理
连词与状语从句知识梳理 连词与状语从句知识梳理 知识梳理 知识点1： 一、连词含义 连词是一种虚词，不能担任一个句子成分。它主要是包括并列连词和从属连词。 二、具体用法 1. 并列连词 1）. 并列连词的功能： 连词在句中主要起连接词与词、短语与短语及句子和句子的作用。即，连接两个平行的 成分或句子。 如：and, but, or, nor, so, therefore, yet, however, for, as well as, both… and, not only…but also, either…or, neither…nor, (and)then等等。 2）. 并列连词的用法：表示连接两个共同概念 and 和or 1) 并列结构中，or 通常用于否定句，and 用于肯定句。 2) 但有时and 也可用于否定句。请注意其不同特点： There is no air or water in the moon. There is no air and no water on the moon. 在否定中并列结构用or 连接，但含有两个否定词的句子实际被看作是肯定结构，因此要用 and 。 both …and 两者都(两者都强调，谓语动词为复数) not only…but (also),不但…而且(强调后者，就近原则)
注意： not only… but also关联两个分句时，一个分句因有否定词not 而必须倒装。 Not only does he like reading stories, but also he can even write some. neither …nor 意思为" 既不……也不……" (就近原则) Neither you nor he is to blame. as well as也 (强调前者，就远原则) The students as well as their class teacher like watching football matches very much. I have one of his plays as well as a few of his novels. 表示选择的并列结构 1) or意思为" 否则" 。 I must work hard, or I'll fail in the exam. 2) either…or 意思为" 或者……或者……" 。注意谓语动词采用就近原则。 Either you or I am right. 表示转折或对比 1) but表示转折，while 表示对比。 some people love cats, while others hate them. 2) not…but … 意思为" 不是……而是……" not 和but 后面的用词要遵循一致原则。 They were not the bones of an animal, but (the bones) of a human being. 表示因果关系 1) for for 是并列连词，不能置于含两个并列分句的句子的句首，只能将其放在两个分句中间。 2) so, therefore
从属连词 状语从句
一、重点知识归纳及讲解 （一）从属连词 从属连词是引导状语从句，宾语从句及其他从句的连词。 1．引导状语从句的从属连词有： 1）when, while, before, after, as soon as, until, since等，引导时间状语从句。 2）because, as, since等引导原因状语从句。 3）if, as long as等引导条件状语从句。 4）though, although引导让步状语从句。 5）so…that…, such…that…等引导结果状语从句。 6）so that引导目的状语从句。 7）as?as?；than等引导比较状语从句。 2．常用从属连词的辨析 1）when, as, while when, as, while都表示“当…的时候”，但when引导的时间状语从句的动作和主句的动作可以是同时发生，也可以先后发生，when既可指时间点，也可指一段时间，所以既可引导一短暂动作动词，也可引导持续性动作的动词。 用as作从属连词引导时间状语时强调主句和从句的动作并行发生，不指先后，尤指短动作或事件同时发生。如：As I looked, someone came near.（正当我看的时候，有个人走上前来。）as还可说咱两种正发展或变化的情况，意为“随着”。如：As spring warms the earth, all flowers begin to bloom.（随着春回大地，百花开始绽放。）表示主从句动作同时，as意为“一边…一边…”。如：He hurried home, looking behind as he went.（他匆匆忙忙跑回家，一边走一边回头望。） while只指一段时间，从句中的谓语动词不能用终止性动词，强调某一段时间内主从句动作同时发生，常对同类的动作进行对比。如：While we were waiting for a bus, it was raining hearily.（我们在等车时，天正下着大雨。） 2）till和until till和until都表示“直到…为止”。主句用延续性动词，主句和从句都用肯定式：意为“直到…才”。主句用终止性动词，从句用肯定式，主句用否定式。until较till正式，until引导的时间从句可以放在句首。 例如： She won't go away till you promise to help her. 直到你允诺要帮助她，她才走开。 Until you told me, I had heard of nothing what happened. 直到你告诉我，我才知道发生了什么事。 3）since since引导的时间状语从句常用一般过去时，其主句一般使用现在完成时。 例如： Jim has been in the factory for two years since he left school. 从吉姆毕业起，他在这家工厂工作两年了。
介词、连词与状语从句
【专题四】介词、连词与状语从句 【考情分析】 介词 1．常见介词的用法及辨析。 2．介词与其他词性所构成的一些短语。 3．在定语从句中，介词的使用情况。 连词 1. 考查并列连词、从属连词的用法 2.重点考查主从复合句和并列句的连接词的选用。 状语从句 1.状语从句的分类 1.可分为时间、原因、地点、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较及方式等类型。 2.状语从句的引导词与介词的用法比较；状语从句与定语从句引导词的辨析。 3.能够辨别同类状语从句中近似连接词的用法差异。 【知识归纳】 介词： 1.“名词＋介词”型 the key/answer/visit/apology/introduction/way…to； wish/desire/prize/respect…for； pity/mercy/congratulation/effect/advice/impression/influence…on 2.“介词＋名词”型 (1) in ＋名词 in advance 在前头，事先，预先in case 如果，万一in charge 主管，掌管，看管 in common 共有，共同，公有in demand 有需要的in doubt 感到疑惑的，难以确定的 (2)①on＋名词 on guard 在值勤on leave 在休假on holiday在度假on strike罢工on sale出售on loan 借贷 ②on＋the＋名词on the move 在移动，搬迁；离开on the march 在行军on the flow 在涨潮 (3) beyond ＋名词 beyond one's power 是某人力所不及的beyond one's reach 够不着 beyond description 难以形容beyond words 无法用语言形容beyond doubt 无疑 (4) under ＋名词 under development 在发展中under observation 在观察中under test 在测试中 under construction 在建设中under examination 在检查(调查)中under consideration 在考虑中 (5) at ＋名词 at length 详细地，长时间at sea 茫然at will 任意地at work 在上班at lunch 在吃午饭 at rest在休息at table 在吃饭at school 上学at church 做礼拜at peace 处于和平状态 (6) out of ＋名词 out of breath 上气不接下气out of balance 失去平衡out of date 过时out of patience 不耐烦 3．“动词＋介词”搭配 ①rob sb. of sth. ; supply us with food ;make a desk of wood ; make bread from flour ②介词＋the ＋部位与动词的关系(＝动词＋sb.’s ＋部位，可换用) strike him on the head(“击，拍，碰，摸”意义与on连用) catch him by the arm(“抓，拉，拿，扯”意义与by连用) 注意：同一介词与不同动词搭配，意义各异的情况。 reply to the letter回信，sing(dance)to the music和音乐唱(跳)，amount to 达到，加起来有……，devote to把……贡献给，drink to为……干杯，object to反对，look forward to 渴望，come to苏醒，belong to属于，search for搜……，ask...for...寻找，use...for用作，leave for前往，take...for 误以为， 4．“形容词＋介词”型 at前的adj.：angry, good, bad, surprised, excited, puzzled等。 of前的adj.：afraid, sure, certain, full, tired, fond, proud, worthy等。worthy of值得的；proud of(take pride in)自豪；sure of / about确信；fond of喜欢；full of充满 with前的adj.: angry, strict, busy, careful, popular, patient等。satisfied with (by)满意；busy with sth.(in doing sth.)忙着干某事；wrong with不对 in前的adj.：strict, weak, interested, successful, rich等。 to前的adj.：polite, kind, cruel, rude, close, available等。similar to相似for前的adj.：sorry, famous, fit, unfit, eager, anxious，(be) hungry/thirsty 等。grateful for sth. to sb.为某事感激某人；fit for适合；ready for准备from前的adj.：far, different, free, safe等。free from没有……(免除……)；far from离……远 about前的adj.：worried, anxious, careful，curious等。glad about sth. for sb.为某人某事高兴 5．复杂介词型 (1) 表示原因(通常在句中作状语), 意为“由于，因为”。 because of：表示实际原因(表达一种较强的因果关系)；on account of：常用来引述逻辑、理性和事实因素。 (2) 表示“除……之外”。 with the exception of＝except, except for“除……之外”； apart from (＝美式英语中的aside from)是个复合介词，既可表示“除……之外”，相当于except (for), 又可以表示“除……之外，(还，也)”，相当于besides；in addition to“除……之外(还，也)”，相当于besides。(3) 表示“有关，关于”。 concerning=regarding“关于，就……而论，在……方面”；with respect to“关于，就……而言”； as for和as to用于句首时表示“至于”。 (4) 表示“在……之前”。 ahead of=in advance of，可表示“(在空间或时间上比某人或某事物)更前，更早”，还可表示“领先，优于”； in front of 多指空间的前后关系，“在……前方”。 (5) 表示“支持，赞成”。 in support of 维护，支持，支援；in favor of 可指某人“支持，赞成”，也可指事物“有利于……”。 (6) 表示“鉴于，由于；根据，按照”。 in the light of 按照，考虑到in terms of 就……而言，谈到according to 根据；按照 in view of 鉴于，因为 (7) 表示“尽管”。 in spite of 尽管，不管 连词 连词分为并列连词和从属连词两大类。并列连词是连接主语与主语，谓语与谓语，句子与句子，分词与分词的词，它要求前后两部分有相同的形式和语法作用；而从属连词一般连接主句与从句，从句形式有名词性从句，定语从句和状语从句等。 1．并列连词 并列连词可用来连接词与词，词组与词组，分句与分句。常用的并列连词有：and(和)，as well as(既……又)，both... and(不但……而且)，not only... but also(不但……而且)，not ...but(不是……而是)，neither...nor(既不……也不)，either... or(不是……就是)，or(或者)，but (但是)，yet(然而)，for(因为)，so(所以)，while(而)，when(这时)等。如：Both my brother and my sister are teachers./ His room is bright but mine is gloomy(暗沉沉的)．/ He can not only repair radios but also fix them./ It is a glorious(光荣的)yet difficult task./ Strike while iron is hot. 2．从属连词 从属连词是指在复合句中引导从句的连结词。常见的从属连词有：(1)引导时间状语从句的：after, before, when, as, while, since, until, till, as soon as (2)引导原因状语从句的：because, since, as (3)引导让步状语从句的：although, though, no matter(无论), even if (though) (4)引导条件状语从句的：if, unless, once, so (as) long as (5)引导结果状语从句的：so... that..., such...that... (6)引导目的状语从句的：so that..., in order that... (7)引导比较状语从句的：as...as..., not so (as)．.. as...，... than... (8)引导方式状语从句的：as if... (9)引导主语，宾语或表语从句的连词主要有：that, whether, if三个。其中that 和whether间或还可以引起同位从句和状语从句。 3.几组容易混淆的并列连词： (1)and, or和but I must work hard, or I'll fail in the contest. Make up your mind, and you'll get the chance. —Would you like to come to dinner tonight? —I'd like to, but I'm too busy. (2)not only...but (also), as well as不但……而且 She plays not only the piano, but (also) the guitar. Not only does he like reading stories, but also he can even write some. (3)neither...nor “既不……也不……”；both...and...“两者都”；either...or...“不是……就是……” Neither you nor he is to blame. Either you or I am right. (4)not...but... 不是……而是…… They were not the bones of an animal, but the bones of a human being. (5)for 因为 He is absent today, for he is ill. 注意：for是并列连词，不能置于含两个并列分句的句子的句首，只能将其放在两个分句中间。 (6)so, therefore因此 He hurt his leg, so he couldn't play in the game. 状语从句： （一）时间状语从句 时间状语从句 1．when, while, as的区别 这三个词都可以用作连接词，表示时间关系，但有所区别。 (1)when表示时间关系时，意思常常是“当(在)……的时候”。主句和从句中的动作或事情可以同时发生，也可以先后发生。例如： When we were at school, we went to the library every day. 我们在求学的时候，每天都到图书馆去。 (2)while 用作连接词表示时间关系时，意思也是“当(在)……的时候”，主句中的动作或事情在从句中的动作或事情的进展过程中发生。它有时可与when通用，但它只能指一段时间(a period of time)，而不能指一点时间的(a point of time)。如上面第一个例句中的when，可以用while代替；而第二个例句中的when，就不能用while代替。例如： Please don’t talk so aloud while others are working. 别人在工作的时候，请勿大声讲话。 (3)as用作连接词表示时间关系时，意思也是“当(在)……时候”，往往可与when或while通用，但它着重指主句和从句中的动作或事情相并发生。例如： I saw him as he was getting off the bus.当他下公共汽车的时候，我看见了他。 2．一些表示时间的名词短语也可用来引导时间状语从句 the minute, the moment, the instant, every time, the last time, every time。如：
从属连词
引导时间状语从句的从属连词有： 1. when There was prolonged applause when he began to speak. 他开始 讲话时响起了经久不息的掌声。 2. while We should strike while the iron is hot. 我们要趁热打铁。 3. as As (When) he entered, the hall burst into thunderous applause. 当他进来时，全场发出雷鸣般的掌声。 4. after After I visit Shanghai I'll travel up the Yangtze. 访问上海之后，我 将溯长江而上。 5. before It would be months before he was fit for the work. 要过好几个月 他才能适应工作。 6. since It is just a week since we arrived here. 我们到这里才一个星期。 7. until (till) I shall stay here until (till) I've completed my studies. 我要在这里 待到学习结束为止。 8. as soon as As soon as he got well, he went back to work. 他病一好就回去上 班了。 9. once Once he said that, I knew he was lying. 他一说这话我就知道他在撒谎。引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：
并列连词与从属连词
并列连词和从属连词 连词是一种虚词，它不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词，短语与短语以及句与句的作用。连词主要可分为两类：并列连词和从属连词。并列连词用来连接平行的词、词组和分句。如：and, but, or, nor, so, therefore, yet, however, for, hence, as well as, both…and, not only…but also, either…or, neither…nor, (and)then 等等。 1. 并列连词并列连词用来连接属于同一层次并具有相同句法功能的词；短语或句子。并列连词包括：基本并列连词如and, or , but , 关联连词如either...or , neither...nor , not only...but also ,both ...and, whether...or 等；介于并列连词与从属连词之间的连词；介于并列连词与从属连词或介词之间的结构如as well as , as much as, rather than , more than, no less than 等；此外还有些'半连接词'，一些语法学家把它们称为连接副词，如nevertheless, however, meanwhile, otherwise, likewise 等，它们在句中做连接性状语。这类连词主要是从逻辑上，而不是从形式上连接句子，其关系比较松散。 1) 表示意义转折和对比的并列连词 常见的有：but , while, whereas, still, yet , nevertheless, likewise, anyway , only , conversely , on the contrary, by this time, all the same , fortunately, on the other hand , in the meantime 等词语。 2) 表示选择的并列连词 常见的有：or, whether...or, either...or, otherwise 等。例如： Either ...or 和whether...or 表示选择，其意义比单用or 要强，但由whetrher...or 构成的并列结构一般只能担任句子的从属成分。上例中最后一句，whether...or 结构在句中担任句子的从属成分。Either ...or 和or 一样，可以连接两个并列的独立分句，而whether...or 则不可以。or 用于表示否定的条件意义时，有时可与连用。 Or 连接主语时，如主语都是单数，动词则取单数形式；如主语都是复数，动词则取复数形式，如果主语有的是复数，动词则取复数形式，如果主语有的是单数，有的是复数，动词的数则与它靠近的主语的数相一致。 连接两个主语时，动词的数也应与靠近他的主语的数相一致。例如： Neither he nor I am a good student. 3) 表示因果意义的并列并列连词 常见的有：for ,so ,therfore ,hence ,thus, accordingly, consepuently, on that account, in that case 等。例如：The fuel must have beeenfinished, for the engine stopped. It rained , therefore the game was called off. 表示原因的并列连词只有for ，它所引导的分句只是对前一分句补充说明理由或推断原因。for 引导的分句只能置于句末，而且必须用逗号与前一分句隔开。上面所提到的so,therefore 等词，有的语法学家把它们做为连接性状语。 4) 表示联合关系的并列连词 常见的有：and, both...and, neither...nor, not only... but also 等。 当neither...nor, not only ...but also 连接主语时，动词的数则与靠近它的主语的数相一致。Both ...and 不能连接两个以上的并列成分，也不能连接分句。例如：误：Both Mary swept the floor and Nancy mopped it. 5) 其它并列连词 常见的有：as well as, more than, rather than, no less than 等. (1) as well as 表示'同' 和'也' 的意义 as well as 用作并列连词时它意义相当于not only...but also, 但侧重点在后一并列成分上而as well as 侧重点却在前一并列成分上,A as well as B=not only B but also A. (2) more than 表示而不是之意. 例如: (3) rather than 表示'而不是' 之意. (4) no less than 表示' 同... 一样' 之意. 当as well as ,more than, rather than, no less than 连接两个成分作主语时谓语动词应于第一个成分的数相一致. 在使用并列连词时我们应该注意:
并列连词 when 和引导时间状语从句的从属连词 when 是不同的
并列连词when 和引导时间状语从句的从属连词when 是不同的。这主要表现在以下几个方面： 1. 位置：when 引导时间状语从句时，该从句可放在主句之前也可放在主句之后；而并列连词when 只能位于两个分句之间，而且前面常常有逗号。例如： Come when you please. 你高兴来就来吧。（when 为从属连词） When I saw him，he was writing to a friend of his. 我看见他时，他在给一个朋友写信。（when 为从属连词） I was taking a walk，when I came across him. 我正在散步，突然碰见了他。 2. 意义：when 作从属连词用时，它所引导的从句表示主句中谓语动词动作发生的时间，即作“当……时”解；而并列连词when 连接的两个分句中，第一个分句表示的是背景，第二个分句表示的是一种突然的、意想不到的情况或过早发生的事情。when 通常含“这时突然”之义。例如： I was thinking of this，when I heard my name called. 我正想着这件事，突然听到有人叫我的名字。 I had just fallen asleep，when the boor-bell rang. 我刚入睡，门铃突然响了起来。 这种意义在孤立的句子中可以理解到，在文章中更能体会得到。如在“I was wandering through the street when I caught sight of a tailor's shop ”一句中，“在街头漫步”只是“看见有家缝纫店”的时间，其后作者怎样走进缝纫店，想要什么样的衣服，怎样受到伙计的奚落，又怎样受到老板的奉承等情景均与“漫步街头”没有直接的因果关系。 3. 时态：when 引导的时间状语从句中可以根据句意的需要用一般现在时、一般过去时、过去进行时、分别说明现在，过去，甚至将来的行为；并列连词when 后面的分句中通常用非延续性动词的一般过去时，其前表时间的分句中可用： （1 ）过去进行时表示过去某时间正在进行的动作。例如： I was cooking when I heard her knocking at the door. 我正在做饭，突然听到她敲门的声音。 He was thinking about the problem，when an apple fell to the ground. 他正在思考这个问题，突然有一只苹果掉到了地上。 （2 ）was /were going to，was / were about to，was / were on the point of 表示过去某一时间将要发生的动作。例如： I was just going when he came in. 我正要走，这时他就进来了。 We were about to start when it began to rain. 我们刚要动身天就开始下起雨来了。 He was on the point of leaving，when someone knocked at the door. 他刚要走就有人敲门。（ 3 ）过去完成时表示过早发生的事情。请看下述两种场合：（a ）过去完成时和含否定意义的hardly，scarcely，nearly 连用，和just，little 连用，或者与否定词not 连用时，表示“刚……，就……”的意思。例如： I had hardly opened the door when he hit me. 我刚一开门他就打了我一下。 I had nearly reached the town，when the young man suddenly said very slowly，“Do you speak English？”我快要进城了，年轻人突然慢慢地说：“你会讲英语吗？”
状语从句与连词转练
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英语从属连词的作用与用法
英语?从属连词?的作用与用法 英语中的从属连词主要用于引导名词性从句(如宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句等)和状语从句。 一、?引导名词性从句 引导名词性从句的从属连词有 that, whether, if 等，它们在句中均不能充当任何句子成分，其中 that 没有词义，仅起引导从句的作用；whether / if 有词义，两者均表示“是否”。如：She asked if he would go to her party. 她问他是否要去参加她的晚会。 句中的 if 引导宾语从句?，用作动词 ask 的宾语，if在此表示“是否”。按英语语法习惯，引导宾语从句时既可 whether 也可用 if，所以句中的if 完全可以换成 whether。 The question is whether he has signed the contract. 问题是他是否在合同上签了字。 句中的 whether 引导表语从句?，表示“是否”的意思。按英语语法习惯，引导表语从句时要用whether，一般不用 if，尽管它们意思是一样的。 Only she remembered that it was my birthday. 只有她记得这天是我的生日。 句中的 that 引导宾语从句，用作动词 remember 的宾语，that 在句中不表示任何意思，只起连接作用。 二、?引导状语从句 引导状语从句的从属连词比较多，同时状语从句根据其意义的不同，可以有很多种类型，所以引导状语从句的从属连词用法也比较复杂，如表示时间的状语从句叫时间状语从句，它可以由when, while, as, before, after, as soon as, since, until 等；表示条件的状语从句叫条件状语从句，它
状语从句连词总结
状语从句连词总结 Document serial number【KK89K-LLS98YT-SS8CB-SSUT-SST108】
状语从句连词总结 1 时间状语从句： when 当...的时候 while 当...的时候（动词只能是延续性动词） as 当...的时候（经常表示一边...一边... ） after/before 在...之后/ 之前 until/till 直到...（即某一持续性行为持续到某一时间点） since/ever since 自从... （即子某一时间点以来，常用完成时态或完成进行时） 名词性短语: the time ...,the moment..., the minute.., the day.., the year.. the first/second time,each time 每次, every time 每次 , next time 下次, any time 在任何时候, whenever 不管什么时候,by the time 到..时候（即指到某一时间点为止，主句常用完成时态） 一..就... : as soon as once immediately directly instantly 还没来得及...就... :hardly...when , no sooner...than as long as 长达... 2 地点状语从句 where 在哪里， wherever 无论在哪里 anywhere 无论何处, everywhere 到处, nowhere 无处， to/in/from the place where 3 原因状语从句 because （语气最强）因为 as （语气最弱）因为，多置于主句之前 since 语气较弱，常表示对方已知的事实，相当于“既然”now（that） for the reason that 因为（ that 引导的是同位语从句，先行词为reason） in that 由于某种原因，多用于书面语 seeing that 因为，鉴于 4 目的状语从句 in order that 为了 so（that）为了 for fear that 惟恐，以防 in case 以防 5 结果状语从句 so （ that）所以 so...that... such...that.... 6 条件状语从句 if 如果 unless 、 if not 除非 as/so long as 、 on condition that 只要
疑问代词、疑问副词、关系代词、关系副词、连接代词、连接副词、并列连词与从属连词等概念区别及关系图
单独句子——疑问代词（5个词）P42，疑问副词（7个词）P130 连接 句子与“句子”的 连接词 名词性从句（4大从句） 连词 P101 从属连词 P104 “that 、if 、whether 等” 状语从句（9大类） 并列连词 连接两个分句（4种关系） ［对等关系的两个句子］ 介词 P96 一些特殊的介词（如but 、except 等） 连接副词 连接分句 连接从句 （不表疑问） 代词 P45 表疑问 连接代词 不表疑问 关系代词（6个词） ［主、宾、表、定］ 关系副词（3个词） ［状］ 定语从句 ［5大成分+1修饰整句］ 副词 P130 分句 从句 句子 注： 特殊点： ① 连接代词普通连接代词 ——表疑问 （表疑问、究竟） 复合式连接代词——不表疑问 （表无论、一切、所有） 连接副词 连接从句的连接副词 连接分句的连接副词 P103注意、P130⑨ 参考 《论介词宾语的语法结构》——熊锡源 《介词宾语从句种种》——洪淑治 《漫谈英语介词的宾语从句》——袁春松 P96①例句——连接副词 不表疑问的 介词宾语从句 比较 区别疑问代词 区别疑问副词 ② 既可“表疑问”，也可“不表疑问”的连接词：whomever 、whoever 等。 ③ 介词后接 （一般接名词或代词） 形容词 参考 《介词后接形容词的几种情况》——雍和明 《论介词宾语的语法结构》——熊锡源 从句（作宾语从句） P96①例句 参考 《论介词宾语的语法结构》——熊锡源 《介词宾语从句种种》——洪淑治 《漫谈英语介词的宾语从句》——袁春松 ④ 既可做“介词”，也可做“连词”的词：for 、since 、until 、before 、after 等。 for 介词P93 并列连词（因果推理关系）P103 介词P93 从属连词（时间、原因状从）P105 since 介词P93~94 从属连词（时间状从）P105 until 、before 、after