牛津译林版必修三Unit3 学案(单词用法和知识点) 无答案
Module 3 Unit3 单词用法（一）
1.civilization n.文明
ancient civilizations 古代文明lost civilizations 失落的文明
Western civilization 西方文明
civilized adj.文明的；有礼貌的
civilized nation/ society/people
2.found (founded, founded) v.兴建，创建
Harvard University, (which was) founded in 1636, is the oldest university in America.
创办于1636 年的哈佛大学是美国最古老的大学。
A good relationship has to be founded on(=be based on) trust.
良好的关系建立在信任的基础上。
区别：find (found, found) 发现，找到Fortunately, I found my lost wallet at last.
3.take over
①take over 接管
He expects to take over the business when his father retires.
②take in 吸收；理解；收容；欺骗
They often drive to the countryside to take in the fresh air there.
He didn't take in what the teacher said because his mind was on something else.
Our hotel is full, so we can’t take in any more guests.
Don’t be taken in by his promises for he never realizes them.
③take on 雇佣;呈现; 承担
Our factory will take on twenty more workers next month.
China has taken on a new look since the reform and opening.
I’m willing to take on the responsibility.
④take off 起飞；事业腾飞；脱下
His career has taken off since he got the first gold medal.
⑤take up 占据；开始从事，喜欢上
take up too much time and space
After retirement my grandfather took up photography as a hobby.
⑥take down 记下；取下The students took down what the teacher said in class.
⑦take back收回（说的话），退回（某物）
If you refuse to take back what you said, I will never forgive you.
⑧take after 与……相像He takes after his father in character.
4.pour v. 涌流，倾泻；倒出
Tears of happiness poured down Susan’s cheeks.
幸福的泪水顺着苏珊的脸颊不断流下来。
It never rains but it pours. 不雨则已，一雨倾盆。
People poured into the square from all parts of the city. 人们从全市各处涌入广场。Would you please pour me a cup of tea? 请你给我倒杯茶好吗？
5.decorate v. 装饰，装潢
He has decorated his room with some photos of sports stars.
他用一些体育明星的照片装饰了房间。
His room is decorated with some photos of sports stars.
他的房间装饰着一些体育明星的照片。
6.flee(fled, fled) v.逃避，逃跑；迅速离开
He was lucky to flee (from) the burning hotel. 他很幸运地逃出了失火的旅馆。
7.区别destroy /ruin/ damage
①destroy v. 毁坏，摧毁（彻底毁坏，不能修复，也可指打破希望或计划）
The earthquake destroyed the town completely. 地震完全摧毁了这个镇子。
destroy one’s confidence/ hope/ faith 摧毁某人的信心/ 希望/ 信心
②ruin v. 破坏，毁灭（虽毁坏严重，但没有destroy 彻底，常指毁坏了美好的东西）
Don’t let a small disagreement ruin your friendship. 不要让小小的分歧破坏你们的友谊。
This illness has ruined his life. 这个病毁掉了他的生活。
n. 毁坏；废墟
fall into ruin 荒废；衰落
in ruins 成为废墟the ruins of the ancient city 古城遗址
In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.
在可怕的15 秒内，一座大城市就沦为一片废墟。
③damage 部分损坏，使其不能发挥正常作用，或表示可以修复的损坏
=do/cause damage to
Don’t damage your health for a good figure. 不要为了好身材损害健康。
8.①remains n.遗物；遗迹；遗骸
On the table were the remains of the lunch. 桌上是午餐的剩饭菜。
The remains of the city were buried beneath the sand. 这个城市的遗迹被埋在沙下。
②remain v. 保持；仍然是(+adj./ n./分词/介词短语)
remain silent/ a doctor/ seated/ standing/ in silence
③remain to be done
A great many things remain to be done. 还有很多事情要去做。
It remains to be seen whether the decision is right or wrong.这个决定对不对还需拭目以待。
④the remaining food= the food left 剩余的食物
https://www.360docs.net/doc/474298429.html,plain vi. 抱怨，埋怨
complain (to sb.) about/of sth.或+that 从句向某人抱怨某事
The neighbours complained to the police about the dogs barking.
邻居因为狗吠扰民向警察投诉。
complaint n.抱怨；投诉
a letter of complaint 投诉信Complaint Box 意见箱
make a complaint/ complaints about… 抱怨；投诉
10.give a lecture on the history of leather 做一个关于皮革历史的讲座
a wealthy and commercial city 一座富庶的商业城市
The volcano erupt ed unexpectedly. 火ft突然爆发。
be burned to ash es 被烧为灰烬
unfortunate experience 不幸的经历
It’s was unfortunate that he couldn’t speak English. 真可惜他不会讲英语。
be/get stuck in the mud 陷在泥浆中
He is something of a scholar. 他有点儿学者的样子。
His health picked up gradually. 他的身体逐渐好转。
The bomb explode d as scheduled. 炸弹如预期爆炸了。
in extreme pain 在极度的痛苦中
extreme weather 极端天气
a solution to the problem 解决问题的方法
= a way to solve the problem
Module 3 Unit3 单词用法（二）
1.expression
1)cn. 表情wear an excited expression 带着激动的表情
un. 表达beyond expression 无法形容
2)express vt. 表达express yourself in English 用英语表达自己
express my thanks to you 向你表达我的谢意
adj. 迅速的express delivery 快递
n.快车，速递send goods by express 特快货运
(1)He expressed satisfaction to my achievements made in recent months.（表达满意）
(2)He went to Beijing by express.他乘快车去了北京。
2.declare vt.宣布；声明
1)vt. 宣布，声明declare war against/on Japan 对日宣战
declare independence from England 宣布脱离英国独立
2)d eclare for/against 声明支持/反对
3)d eclare (to sb/sth) that-clause 向---宣布或声明
4)d eclare 宣布；宣告，指在庄严场合正式、公开地宣布或对某事表明态度。
announce 宣布；通知，指对公众宣布人们感兴趣的事，如国家大事、生死、婚姻、开会等新闻。
(1)I n 1941, US President Franklin Roosevelt ordered that the US (should) declare war
against Japan.（宣战）
(2)They announced the date of their wedding in the newspaper.
他们在报纸上宣布结婚日期。
3.aware a.意识到的；知道的；察觉到的
1)be aware of 意识到---,知道
2)be aware that 意识到---
3)awareness 意识raise/promote one’s awareness of...提高/促进...的意识
(1)He was aware of the danger around him.他意识到周围的危险。
(2)He was aware that he was in danger.他意识到自己处于危险中。
(3)The government ought to take action to raise people’s awareness of protecting
the environment.
政府应该采取措施来提高人们保护环境的意识。
4.judge
1)n. 法官；裁判；评委act as the judge of the contest 充当这次比赛的裁判
2)vt. judge sb/sth by... 通过...判断
judge sb.+(to be/as)+n./adj. 判断---是---
常用被动语态：be judged (to be/as)+n./adj.
3)vi. judging by/from 根据---判断，放句首，做状语
judge between right and wrong 判断是非
(1)Never judge a book by its cover.不要以貌取人。(2)
Judging by/from his accent, he must from Sichuan.
根据他的口音，他应该来自四川。
(3) I judged my maths teacher to be 30. 据我判断，数学老师应该30 岁。
5.in memory of 纪念
in case of 万一in charge of 掌管，负责
in search of 寻找in favor of 赞成；有利于；支持
in need of 需要in praise of 赞扬
in honor of 为了纪念，为了庆祝
(1)A monument was built in memory of the brave sailor.
建个纪念碑来纪念这个勇敢的水手。
(2)T he majority of the students are in favor of my opinion.
(3)M any young graduates went to Shanghai in search of a well-paid job.
(4)A party was held in honor of their 30th wedding anniversary.
https://www.360docs.net/doc/474298429.html,e down with 患病
come down vi. 流传come about vi.发生
come out vi.发芽，被出版，结果come up vi.被提出；发生；长出地面；（太阳）升起come up with vt.想到；提出come across 偶然遇见或发现
How come+陈述句…怎么回事？
选择题
(1)A suggestion came up at the conference that a bridge be built across the river.
(2)I came across some old photos when I looked for my lost key.
(3)I’m wondering how these differences came about.
(4)Many children in the kindergarten came down with the flu.（患了流感）
7.no doubt 无疑，确定
No doubt Taiwan is part of China.
①I doubt whether/ if he will keep his promise.
②There is some doubt whether…
③There is no doubt that…/
There is no doubt that one day a cure will be found.
毫无疑问，总有一天会找到治疗方法。
④I have no doubt that…/ I don’t doubt that…
⑤I doubt if / whether she will pass the driving test.
⑥I don’t doubt/ I have no doubt that I will succeed.
beyond doubt 毫无疑问
without doubt 无疑
区别：no wonder 难怪=It’s no wonder that +
8.hold an audience of 200 容纳200 个观众
attend my wedding ceremony 参加我的结婚典礼
join the navy/army/Party 参加海军／参军／入党
Statue of Liberty 自由女神像
rise up against the foreign invaders 反抗外来侵略者
stand in one’s path 阻碍某人，挡路
be on the march 行军前进
maintain his past glory 保持过去的荣耀
ahead of time=in advance 提前
earn one’s salary from... 从...赚得薪水
be aware of his mistakes 意识到他犯了错误
be aware that he made mistakes
make him aware of his mistakes 让他意识到他的错误
on the basis of the theory 以理论为基础
take sb. to court 将某人告上法庭
corrupt officials 腐败的官员；腐蚀官员
be on trial 在接受审判；在试验中
One man’s meat is another man’s poison. 吾之蜜糖，彼之砒霜。
M3U3 Back to the Past Welcome&Reading Ⅰ
Step1 Welcome to the unit
Four ancient civilizations
1.Pyramids-sphinx in
2.Colosseum in
3.The summer palace in
4.The hanging gardens in
Some splendid ancient buildings
1.The Statue of Zeus in
2.The Taj Mahal in
3.The city of Pompeii in
4.The Potala palace in
Step2 Reading
Task1 Reading strategy: reading diary entries
You should look for :
1.
2.
3.
Task2 The structure of Lost Civilizations
Part1 My plan Day 1-15th July Introduction Part2 to Pompeii Day2-16th July
What I in Pompeii Day3-17th July
Part3 to Loulan Day10-24th July
What I in loulan Day11-25th July
Task3 Scan the article and answer the questions
1.What is one similarity between Pompeii and Loulan?
2.What was Loulan buried beneath?
Task 5 Detailed reading
Read the second diary entry and find detailed events
In the 8th century BC,
In 89 BC,
On 24th August AD79,
As a result, many people were buried alive, and so was the city.
Read the third diary entry, and answer two questions.
1.How was Pompeii discovered?
2.What were the stepping stones along the road in Pompeii used for?
Read the fourth diary entry about Loulan and answer the question.
Why was Loulan an important city about two thousand years ago?
Read the fifth diary entry and finish true or false exercises.
1.The Amercian explore discovered the ruins of the Loulan Kingdom.
2.Sven found the remains of buildings buried beneath the water.
3.We couldn’t see city walls, palaces, temples, workshops and towers there anymore.
4.What was interesting was that there was an ancient water system that ran through the middle
of the city.
Task6 A reflection on the reading strategy
When reading diary entries, we should pay attention to , besides dates and places names as well as facts and historical information.
Read the article and underline some phrases showing feelings and opinions.
-
Step3 consolidation of this article
Both Pompeii in Italy and Loulan in china became long ago. Pompeii was in the 8th century BC and was by the Romans in 89 BC. On 24th August 79 AD79, Mount Vesuvius and the people were . Loulan was a on the Silk Road. It disappeared under the . There are just a few left. Some , such as coins and painted pots, and so on, were found.
Reflection on the topic
1.The possible causes of the lost civilizations
Unavoidable natural disasters:
Man-made disasters：
Uncivilized behavior:
2.The possible measures to help protect the ancient civilizations
The government: make strict ; invest more to repair and rescue; achieve a balance between urban and the of cultural heritage.
The ordinary people: do work; increase the awareness of the of protection; set up non-profit ; collect money and set up ; supervise government work.
Students: be volunteers; be civilized ; study hard to equip themselves with to protect historic relics…
3.Discussion: Is it useful for people to study things from the past? Why or why not?
flee in all directions 四处逃窜 flee in panic 惊慌地逃跑 逃到
从……逃离 flee to/ into ... flee （from ）... M3U3 Reading (II) Language Points
Step 1 Read the words in the reading passage after the tape Step 2 Word formation
1. 有礼貌的 n. 文明 →
vt. 使文明；教化 →
adj. 文明的，开化的；
2. volcano → (pl.)
3. erupt v. → (n.)
4. unfortunate adj. → (adv) →（opp ）
→(n.)
5. mud n. →
(adj.)
6. decorate vt. 装饰，装潢 → (n.) →phrase
7. destroy vt. 毁坏，摧毁→
(pt, pp)
https://www.360docs.net/doc/474298429.html,mercial adj. 商业的，贸易的→ (n.)
9.wealthy adj. 富有的，富裕的 → (n.) 11.gradually adv. 渐渐地，逐渐地→ (adj.)
12.cultural adj. 文化的 → (n.)
13. material n. 材料；物质 → (pl.) →phrase
14. explode vi. 爆炸→
(n.) →phrase
Step 3 Key words
1.found vt. 兴建，创建
2. flee (fled, fled) vt. & vi. 逃避，逃跑
3. destroy vt. 毁坏，摧毁
4. ruin n. 废墟；毁坏 vt. 破坏，毁坏
5. remains n. 遗物，遗迹，遗骸
1. The city was founded in the 8th century BC.(Line 7)
vt. 兴建，创建；创立 foundation (n.) 创立 founder 创立者
People's Republic of China was founded in 1949. Law was an order of peace
on fairness.
法律乃是建立在公平基础上的一种治安秩序。 The school has served the community since its
in 1835.
2. It turns out that after the ash covered the people who failed to flee the city, their bodies ...
flee (fled, fled) vt. & vi. 逃避，逃跑; 迅速离开
He was caught trying to flee (from) the country.
At no time should we flee responsibility.
When the bombing started, people
(逃到) places of safety.
3. It's hard to imagine how this peaceful volcano destroyed the whole city! （Line 28）
destroy 指彻底地毁坏、摧毁，一般不可修复，也可指“希望、计划”等破灭 damage
指部分的损坏，一般可以修复
injure 通常指在事故中意外受伤
hurt vt.有“使受伤”之意，常指感情上的伤害，vi.指“疼痛”
wound 通常与战争和打斗有关，指刀伤、枪伤、剑伤等
ruin 在“一定过程中” 毁坏，毁灭，使破产，可指有形或无形的事物毁灭，如：ruin one's hope/holiday/health/future
4.Sven Hedin discovered the ruins of the Loulan Kingdom.(Line 38)
We found the ruins most interesting.(Line 41)
ruin n. 废墟；毁坏vt. 破坏，毁坏
1.The invaders made Yuanmingyuan Palac e fall into ruin.
2.The war brought ruin to the ancient c ity.
3.Years of fighting have left the area in ruins.
4.Heavy smoking has ruined his health.
5.Our vacation was completely ruined due to the awful weather.
Exercises：
1.He was in the leg in the war.
2.His words her deeply.
3.T he school was completely by the fire.
4.It when I try to move my leg.
5.Don’t put any hot things on the table --- y ou’ll the surface.
6.This illness has my life and I have lost heart.
7.When climbing up to the tree, he his leg.
8. People began to dig in the area for treasure, which caused much .
5.Sven found the remains of buildings (Line 38)
the remains of the ancient Rome
She fed the remains of her lunch to the cat.
remain: 1）vi. “留下”“剩下”．
After the fire, very little of his house . ( 他家所剩无几)
2) 连系动词，“保持”“仍然是”
+n. ：remain a worker/ a mystery
+adj. ：He remains calm whatever happens.
+ prep. phrase: remain in poverty
+doing / done: After the earthquake, very few houses remained standing.
3) +to be done “有待于将来被做”
Many problems remain to be solved.
It remains to be seen whether you are right.
4)remaining adj. “剩下的”“余下的”,the remaining apples
The little boy still needed the 20 dollars to do with some things .
A. remaining, remained to be settled
B. remaining, remaining to be settled
C. remained, remained to settle
D. remained, remaining to settle
Step 4 Phrases
1. be buried beneath the sand
2.arrange for Sb. to go on a cultural tour
3. lost civilizations
4.attend a lecture
5. take over
6.pour out of ...
7. be buried alive 8.cause much damage
9. be put under government protection 10.be decorated with wall paintings
11. break down 12.produce true- to- life figures
13. die in the disaster 14.a wealthy commercial city
15. a scholar from the local cultural institute 16.discover the ruins of ...
17. run through the middle of the city 18.cut down
19. result in the city being buried by sand 20.happen to be on a boat nearby
1.In 89 BC, the Romans took over Pompeii.(Line 8)
take over 夺取, 占领；接替，接管
The invaders took over the gold mine and declared it theirs.
Would you mind me taking over the driving for a while?
史密斯先生下个月退休后谁接管他的工作?
Who will take over Mr. Smith’s job when he retires next month?
反义：hand over (to) 把……传给/移交/托付给某人
The president handed over Mr. Smith's job to Jack.
2.Many people were buried alive, and so was the city. (P42)
bury vt. 埋葬，隐藏，埋头于n. burial
bury oneself in sth.
be buried in sth. 专心于,埋头于
He buried himself in a book.
He was buried in reading a book.
陷入沉思中，他没有注意到Mary 进来．
, he didn’t notice Mary come in.
3....,their bodies nearly completely broke down and disappeared,... (line 23)
break down (化学)分解; (机器)坏了；(身体)垮了；(精神)崩溃；(和谈等)失败
break up (物理)分解；拆开；打碎；驱散；(婚姻、关系等)破裂
1).Sugar in the stomach.
2).Her health under the pressure of hard work.
3).The whole telephone system because of the sudden typhoon.
4). The police officers were called in to the street fight.
5).The two firms' talks over cooperation (合作) at last.
6).Tom began to the ice on the frozen(冰封的) lake.
Step 5 Important sentence patterns
1.I feel lucky to have won a place on this trip.(Line 2)
to have done 表示动作发生在谓语动词之前，其被动式为：to have been done
He felt honored to have been invited to speak at the meeting.
She was pleased to have been given such a nice present.
It is believed to have been gradually covered by sandstorms from AD 200 to AD 400.（Line 32）Bell is considered (invent) the telephone.
I happened (know) the truth.
I’m sorry(interrupt) you then.
He is said (send) abroad last year.
2.Near the city was a volcano.(Line 9)
1)地点状语前置，全部倒装。
On the top of the hill stands a castle.
Behind the house lies a river.
They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of which sat a boy.
2)here, there, now, then 以及一些位移副词如：off, away, in, out, up, down 等前置也用全部倒装。
Now comes your turn.
There goes the bell.
In came the teacher.
注意：
3.Today I saw the ancient Roman city of Pompeii as it was 2,000 years ago.
as 用作连词，引导方式状语从句，意为“正如，正像”。
as +sb /sth.+be 照某人（物）原来的样子
They want to buy the house as it is.
Leave the books as they are.
You look great as you are.
Step 6 Long and difficult sentences
4.It turns out that after the ash covered the people who failed to flee the city, their bodies nearly completely broke down and disappeared, leaving empty spaces in the ash.
本句是主从复合句，it 是，真正的主语是;该主语从句中还包含一个由after 引导的; 此从句中还包含有一个由who 引导的who failed to flee the city, 修饰先行词.分词短语leaving …in the ash 充当状语。
尝试翻译本句：
It turns out that ...结果证明是
turn out (to be) +adj./n. 结果证明是
It turns out that the fight agaist the Coronavirus epidemic (冠状病毒疫情) does not go on smoothly as expected.
=As it turns out, the fight agaist the Coronavirus epidemic (冠状病毒疫情) does not go on smoothly as expected.
However, we firmly believe all our efforts will turn out (to be ) successful .
5.When I walked around the city, I saw streets just as they had been, with stepping stones along the road so you did not have to step in the mud on rainy days!
When 引导从句；I saw streets 是主句；just as they had been
是as 引导的从句；with 复合结构做状语; so 引导从句
尝试翻译本句：