have用法小结

have用法小结
have用法小结

have 的用法小结

一、have作实意动词。

1.表示“有”的意思。

Look, I have wings, just like you. (JBⅤL1)

He had fair hair and blue eyes. (JBⅥL2) 〔注1〕:其否定和疑问形式变化,在美国通常用助动词do。

〔注2〕:在英国口语中常用have got代替have.

Look, can’t you see I've got teeth, too,(JBⅤL1)

I haven't got any jewelry.(SBⅠL5)

2.have和一些其他名词连用,表示:

(1)一种活动。

We have no classes on Sunday.(上课)(JBⅡL11)

they’re going to have a volleyball match.(举行比赛)(JBⅢL11)

Are we going to have a meeting this week?(开会)(JBⅢL11)

We are going to have a talk this afternoon.(听报告)(JBⅢL11)

(2)患病。

I have got a headache.(JBⅣL8)

I have a bad cold.(JBⅤL3)

(3)发生的情况。

I've had so many falls that I'm black and blue all over.(跌跤)(JBⅣL10)

(4)生育。

The queen ant may have tens of thousands of babies in one summer.(SBⅠL14)

3.和一与动词同形的名词连用,表示一个动作(have+a+由动词转化和名词)。

Are you going to have a swim.(JBⅢL1)

I have a long talk with the teacher.(JBⅣL10)

4.have on sth.或have sth. on,表示“穿着”、“戴着”(=to be wearing)。

I notice d he had on bedroom slippers.(SBⅡL6)

At the ball Motile had a diamond necklace on.

5.表示“吃”、“喝”。

I wanted to have a cup of tea and some eggs.(JBⅢL10)

Does she have lunch at home?(JBⅡL11)

6.组成复合结构即“have+宾语+宾语补足语”。

(1)不加to的动词不定式作宾语补足语(have sb. do sth.),表示让、叫某人做某事。

The soldier had him stand with his back to his father.(SBⅠL17)

〔注〕:否定结构表示“不能让…”或“从未有人…”.

We won't have you blame it on others.

She had never had anybody speak to her that way before.

(2)现在分词作宾语补足语(have sb.(sth.)doing),表示让(使)某人做某事。

…the two men had their lights burning all night long….

(3)过去分词作宾语补足语(have sb. (sth.)done),表示:

①使(让,请)别人作某事,表示的动作是别人做的。

Emperor Qin Shi Huang had all the walls joined up.(SBⅠL10)

…he should have n ew clothes made of this splendid cloth for the coming great procession.(SBⅠL8)

②遭遇到某事。

Houses near airports sometimes have their windows broken.(SBⅠL12)

Workers in some industries have their hearing harmed by the noise of the machine.(SBⅠL12) 二、have与to一起构成情态动词,表示“不得不”、“必

须”,可用于各种时态。

I have to look after her at home.(JBⅢL4)

三、have做助动词与动词的过去分词一起构成现在完成时

和过去完成时。

Great changes have taken place the last two years.(JBⅥL3)

They said that the Arab had stolen their camel.(JBⅤL4)

四、have用于“情态动词+have+过去分词”的结构,有

推测、假设之意。

1.must+have+过去分词,表示对过去时间发生的动作或存在的情况的推测,一般用于肯定句。

Her father thought that she must have met a fairy.(SBⅠL10)

You must have left your bag in the theatre.

2.can(could)+have+过去分词,表示对过去发生事情的“不肯定”,常用于否定句和疑问句。

He can't have been to your home, he doesn't know your address.

3.should+have+过去分词,表示“某事本该早做而实际未做”,用于肯定句。

You should have been here five minutes ago.(SBⅡL10)

五、have用于某些成语,表示固定的意思。

1.have a word(a few words)with sb.,表示和某人说一(几)句话。

Where's Peter? I want to have a word with him.(SBⅢL13)

2.had better+不带to的动词不定式,表示“…最好…”。

I'd better go and look for him now.(JBⅢL2)

3.have nothing(something)to do with,表示“和…无(有)”关系。

Most of questions had nothing to do with Edison's lessons.

动词have是中学英语课本中出现频率较高的一个普通单词。它既可以作及物动词,也可以用作助动词,其基本意义是“有、拿、受、取、吃、喝、让……”。大多数同学对have表示某人或某物拥有某物的用法比较熟悉。例如:

I have a new pencil-box.

He has two coats.

A desk has four lezs.

但对have的使役用法却知之甚少,或者说对这种用法掌握得还不太好。下面就让我们通过例句来阐明动词have的使役用法。请看下面的例句:

1.He had me mend his bike.

他请我给他修理自行车。

2.The old man had a small house built, for him.

那位老人让人为他建一个小房子。

3.The naughty boy may have me hit.

那个调皮的男孩可能会让人打我。

4.The teacher had the naughty boy standing outside the classroom.

老师叫那位调皮的男孩站在教室外面。

5.I have my friend waiting for me.

我有朋友在等着我。

6.You should have her here.

你应该要她到这里来。

上述例句中的have表示“使、让、请”等意思。除例6中的have之外,其他例句中的have都失去了它原来的“具有”、“拥有”之慈。便役动词have的这类用法可以大致归纳为如下几种句式:

A.have sb do sth

B.have sth or sb done

C.have sb or sth doing

D.have sb or sth+adv

以上四种句式有一个共同点,就是have后都接了一个复合宾语结构,而不同之处就在这个复合宾语结构的构成上,当然意义是各不相同的。句式A:have sb do sth,其意为“要(请)某人干某事”,宾语是人,宾语补足语是不带to的不定式。句式B:have sth or sb done,其意是:“使某事(由某人)来完成”,或“使某人被……”。宾语一般是物,也可以是人,宾语补足语是过去分词。句式c:have sb or sth doing,其意是“允许某人(物)做某事”,另外一层意思是“有某人(物)在干某事”。宾语可以是人,也可以是物,宾语补足语为现在分词。句式D:have sb or sth+adv,可以看作是句式A、B的变形,只是把动词原形或过去分词省略了。宾语可以是人,也可以是物,宾语补足语是副词(表示地点或方向的)。

句式A和句式B所表达的意思基本相同,只是前者强调的是人(让某人做某事),后者强调的是物(“使某事由某人来做”),此时行为者可以不出现。请分析并比较下面的例句:

Please have the boys sweep the road.

Please have the road swept (by the boys).

请让那些男孩打扫一下马路。

Mr Wang will have his students clean the desks in the classroom.

Mr Warg will have the desks cleaned(by his students)in theclassroom.

王先生要他的学生来擦洗教室里的课桌。

句式A和句式B中的have都可以用get来代替,但是用get代替句式A中的have时,宾语补足语要用

带t0的不定式,即get sb to do sth。例如上面两个例句可写成:

Please get the .boys to fweep the road.

Mr whng will get his students to clean thedesks in the classroom.

但在表示理发时要特别注意,应该是:

You ought to have(get) your hair cut.

根据以上所述,句式C有两层意思:①有人(物)在做某事;②许可某人(物)做某事。即动词have在这种句式中可能有“具有”(own或possess)的意思。这要根据情况而定,不能生搬硬套。

He has his son waiting for the guest.

他让儿子在等客人。

We have some friends waiting for us upstairs.

我们有几位朋友在楼上等着我们。

Tom said that he had lots of friends coming,

汤姆说他有许多朋友要来。

以上各句中的have都有着这个动词的原意“具有”,即有着某种情况的意思,而没有“使做”的意思,所以,严格说起来,不属于使役用法。但在表示第二层意思的时候,动词have有“允许”或“容忍”的意思,则属于使役的用法,一般用在否定句中。这时,动词have往往可以用allow,let等词代替。例如,

His mother can't have him doing anything.=His mother can't allowhim to do anything。

他的母亲不让他做任何事情。(注意宾语补足语的不同形式。)

Miss.Gao frill hot, have her students smoking in the classroom.

高老师不让她的学生在教室里抽烟。

Mr, Li won't have his wife saying such bad things to her col-

李先生不容许他的妻子讲她同事的坏话。

句式D(have sb or sth+adv)其实是句型A、B的变形。例如:

Do remember to have the boy here.=Do remember to have the come here.

记住把那个男孩带到这儿来。

注意,句式B(have sth or sb done)中的have也未必都是主观意志的“被动”的意思,也就是说不一定都表示主语的意志或吩咐,有时只说明主语的“被动”情况,此时具有suffer或be affected in some way的意思。关于这一点可以通过举例来加以论证,虽说下列例句同句式B一样,但动词have不是“使做”而是“被动”的意思。可以通过举例来阐述此层含义。

1.Mr Green had his purse stolen.

格林先生的钱包被窃去了。(被动)

2.James has his bike mended.

詹姆斯请人把自行车修好了。(使做)

3.Mr Wang has his shoes worn out.

王先生的鞋子给穿破了。(被动)

4.He has such long hair,he should have his hair cut.

他的头发那么长了,应该理发了。(使做)

我们要想了解动词have的使役用法。不仅要掌握它的基本词意和[句式,更要在英语学习中结合不同的语境,勤分析,多思考,这样才能达到对hays的熟练使用。

have是英语中一个非常重要的动词,被戏称为“灵魂动词”或“魔鬼动词”。因其在不同的词组中,具有不同的含义,语法上称这类词为兼类词。现将have的用法简要归纳如下:

一、表示“有” “拥有”的意思时,强调“所属关系”。其主语常为“人或物”。如:

My father has many new books.我爸爸有许多新书。

I have a new computer.我有一台新电脑。

【注】there be句型表示“有”时强调“某处有某人或某物”,其用法此处不再详述。

二、“have+表示一日三餐的名词”,意为“用餐”。如:have breakfast/lunch/supper吃早饭/午饭/晚饭。

三、“have+表示食品、饮料等名词”,意为“吃;喝”。如:have (some) bread吃面包,have eggs (for breakfast)

(早餐)吃鸡蛋,have (a cup of) tea 喝(一杯)茶。

四、“have+表示动作的名词”,没有固定的意思,常与表示动作的名词同义。如:

have a rest 休息一下

have a swim 游泳

have a drink (of...)喝一点(……)

have a look (at ...)(朝……)看一眼

五、“have+表示某种活动的名词”,意为“进行,举行”。如:

have a class (学生) 上课

have a birthday party 举行生日聚会

have+宾语+过去分词

A想对I employed someone to do something for me(我雇用了某人为我做事)这一类句子作更简洁的表达时,可以用这种结构:即不说I employed someone to clean my car,而说I had my car cleaned(我叫人擦了车子)。又如不说I got a man to sweep my chimneys(这里got= paid/persuaded等),而说I had my chimneys swept(我叫人通了烟囱)。

注意必须用have+宾语+过去分词,否则意思就变了:

He had his hair cut.

他理了发。相当于:

He employed someone to do it.

他雇人理发。

但是:

He had cut his hair.(过去完成时)

他自己理了发。(在说话之前的某个时刻他自己给自己理了发)

have这样用时,其否定式和疑问式的现在时和过去时都要用

do来构成:

-Do you have your windows cleaned evny month?

-I don’t have them cleaned;I clean them myself.

-你每月都要叫人擦窗户吗?

-我不叫别人擦,我自己擦。

He was talking about having central heating put in.Did he have it put in in the end?

他那会儿总说要找人装暖气。到底装上了没有?

这种结构可以用于进行时态:

I can’t ask you to dinner this week as I am having my house painted at the moment.

这一周我不能请你来吃饭了,因为现在我正让人刷房子呢。

While I was having my hair done the police towed away my car.

我(让人)做头发时,警察把我的汽车拖走了。

The house is too small and he is having a room built on.

房子太小了,他正叫人添盖一个房间。

get能够像have一样用于上述句中,但更口语化。句中提到完成动作的那个人的时候,也可以用get:She got him to dig away the snow.

她让他把雪挖走。(她雇/说服他……)

(have与不带to的不定式连用也能起同样的作用,如She hadhim dig away the snow。但在英国英语中get结构要常用得多。)

B have+宾语+过去分词结构在口语中可以用来代替常表示意外或不幸遭遇的被动态动词。如His fruit was stolen before hehad a chance to pick it(他树上的果子还没来得及摘就被人偷掉了)可由He had his fruit stolen before he had a chance topick it来代替。Two of his teeth were knoceked out in the fight(他的两颗牙在打架中被打掉了)可由He had two of his teethknocked out…来代替。

在本节A中,可以看到主语是命令别人做某事的人,而在这儿,主语则是承受行为结果的人。这里主语也可以是物:

The houses had their roofs ripped off by the gale.

房子被狂风掀掉了屋顶。

这里也可以用get代替have:

The cat got her tail singed through sitting too near the fire.

猫坐得太靠近炉火,尾巴上的毛被烤焦了。

had better+不带to的不定式

这里had是指不真实的过去;其含义是现在或将来时:

I had/I’d better ring him at once/tomorrow.

我最好还是现在/明天就给他打电话。

其否定式是在better之后加上not:

You had better not miss the last bus.

你最好不要误了最后一班公共汽车。(误了这趟车是不明智的或者我劝你/提醒你不要误了这趟车。)had通常在代词后用缩略形式,在口语中有时轻读甚至弱读到将近听不到的地步。

had better通常不用于普通的疑问式,但有时用于否定疑问式,作为一种劝告句式:

Hadn’t you better ask him first?

你先问一下他不更好吗?相当于:

Wouldn’t it be a good thing to ask him first?

是不是先问一下他比较好?

you had better是一种很有用的劝告句式:

You had better fly.

你最好是乘飞机走。(我劝你乘飞机走。)

在间接引语中,had better与第一、第三人称连用时保持不变,与第二人称连用时可以保持不变,或者转述为advise+宾语+不定式:

He said,‘I had better hurry.’

他说:“我最好快一点。”相当于:

He said(that)he’d better hurry.

他说他最好快一点。

He said,‘Ann had better hurry.’

他说:“安最好快一点。”相当于:

He said(that)Ann had better hurry.

他说安最好快一点。

He said,‘You’d better hurry.

他说:“你最好快一点。”相当于:

He said(that)I’d better hurry.

他说我最好快一点。

He advised me to hurry.

他劝我快一点。

have+宾语+现在分词

A 这种说法常常和表示将来某段时间的短语连用:

I’ll have you driving in three days.

我将使你在三天之内学会开车。(由于我的努力,过三天你就学会开汽车了。)

但也可以用于过去时和现在时:

He had them all dancing.

他使得他们全都跳起舞来。(他教/说服他们都跳舞。)

I have them all talking to each other.

我使得他们全都相互交谈起来。(我鼓励/说服他们都相互交谈起来。)

这种结构也可以用于疑问式:

Will you really have her driving in three days?

你真的能在三天之内就教会她开车吗?

但通常不用于否定式。

B If you give all-night parties you’ll have the neighbours complaining.

你如果举办通宵晚会,会搞得邻居们都抱怨你的。(邻居们将抱怨你的。)

If film-stars put their numbers in telephone books they’d have everyone ring them up.

电影明星们如果把他们的电话号码列入电话簿,就会招致所有的人给他们打电话。(人人都会/不断地给他们打电话)。

在第一例句中you’ll have表达了这样的意思:“你将遭到这样的事”。同样,在第二句中they’d have含有这样的意思:“他们会遭到这样的事”。

If you don’t put a fence round your garden you’ll have people walking inand stealing your fruit.

如果你不把你的果园用篱笆围起来,人们会走进来偷摘果子。(人们将走进来/不断进来偷摘果子,即:你要遭到这类事。)

这种结构可以用于疑问句或否定句中:

When they move that bus stop you won’t have people sitting on your steps waiting for the bus any more.

那个公共汽车站迁走之后,再不会有人坐在你的台阶上等公共汽车了。

这种结构主要用于对have的主语来说是不愉快的行为,就如以上的例句所表示的那样。但也可用在并非不愉快的场合:

When he became famous,he had people stopping him in the street and asking for his autograph.相当于:

When he became famous,people stopped him in the street and asked forhis autograph.

他成名之后,常有人在街上拦住他要他签名。

但I won’t have+宾语+现在分词通常意指“我不能允许或我不允许此事”:

I won’t have him sitting down to dinner in his overalls.I make him change them.

我不允许他穿着工作服就坐下吃饭。我要他换衣服。(我不许他坐下……)

这种用法只限于第一人称。

have意指possess(拥有)

A have的基本含义是“拥有”:

He has a black beard.

他长着黑胡子。

I have had this car for ten years.

这辆车我已经买了十年了。

She will have£4,000 a year when she retires.

她退休后,每年将得到4,000英镑。

B 形式

注意否定式和疑问式可用两种形式构成。

C 为表示习惯动作,do与have连用:

-Do you have earthquakes in your country?

-Yes,but we don’t have them very often.

-你们国家地震吗?

-有,但不经常。

have没有“习惯”的含义时,在英国更常用have not(got)/haveyou(got)这些形式,虽然其他说英语的国家(特别是美国)在这种场合也用带do的形式。

美国人可能说:

Can you help me now?Do you have time?

你现在能帮我吗?你有时间吗?

而英国人却多半要这么说:

Can you help me now?Have you got time?

因此用do的形式始终是稳妥的,但住在英国的外国学生也应该练习其他的形式。

D 如上所示,got可以加到have/have not/have you等结构中去而不引起含义上的变化,因此用不用它完全是随意的,但通常

还是加got。然而got不能加到简略答语或附加疑问中去:

-Have you got an ice-axe?

-Yes,I have.

-你有破冰斧吗?

-是的,我有。

She’s got a nice voice,hasn’t she?

她的嗓音很美,是吗?

have肯定式)接got时通常可以缩略:

I’ve got my ticket.

我拿到票了。

He’s got a flat in Pimlico.

他在皮姆利科岛有一套房子。

这时句子重音在got上,而’ve或’s通常仅勉强能听到。have(肯定式)不和got连用时,常常不缩略,这时have和has就要读清楚。

have意指take(a meal)(吃<饭>),

give(a party)(举行<聚会>)等

A have也可以用来表示:

take(a meal/food/drink,a bath/a lesson等)(吃<饭>,吃<东西>,喝<东西>,洗<澡>,上<课>等)give(a party)(举行<聚会>),entertain(guests)(招待<客人>)

encounter(difficulties/trouble)(遭受<困难或麻烦>)

experience(体验),enjoy(享受),通常和形容词如good连用:

We have lunch at one.

我们1点钟吃午饭。

They are having a party tomorrow.

他们明天举行聚会。

Did you have trouble with Customs?

你们在海关遇到麻烦没有?

I hope you’ll have a good holiday.

我希望你愉快地度过假期。

B have用于表示上述含义时,遵循普通动词的变化规则,它后面决不能跟got。

它的否定式与疑问式用do/did来构成。

它可以用于进行时态。

We are having breakfast early tomorrow.

我们明天一早吃早饭。(不远的将来)

She is having twenty people to dinner next Monday.

下星期一她要请20个人吃饭。(不远的将来)

I can’t answer the telephone.I am having a bath.

我不能接电话,我正在洗澡。(当前)

How many English lessons do you have a week?I have six.

你一周上几节英语课?我上六节。

You have coffee at eleven,don’t you?

你们一般11点钟喝咖啡,是吗?(习惯)

Ann has breakfast in bed,but Mary doesn’t.

安经常在床上吃早饭,可玛丽不这样。

Will you have some tea/coffee?

请喝杯茶/咖啡好吗?(这是一种邀请,我们可以省略掉Will you,即只说Have some tea等。)

Did you have a good time at the theatre?

你在戏院看戏愉快吗?(你过得愉快吗?)

Have a good time!

好好地玩吧!

I am having a wonderful holiday.

我正在度一个非常愉快的假期。

I didn’t have a very good journey.

我在旅途中不很舒服。

have的这类短语还有很多,只要大家留意,会在以前学习过的课文中发现很多。这种短语还有自己的宾语或其它成分。例如:

What a nice photo! Let me have a look (at it).

You'd better have a talk with him.

have还可以和表示疾病的名词连用,表示正在或曾经生过某种疾病。例如:

have a headache 头痛have a stomachache 胃痛;肚子痛

have a toothache 牙痛have a sore throat 喉咙痛

have a cough 咳嗽have a cold 感冒

have a fever 发烧have a sore back 背痛

如果我们回答医生询问病情时,一般这样来回答:

-What's the matter (with you)?

-I have a sore foot.

-What's the matter (with you)?

-I have a bad cold.

have的用法还有很多,由于大家尚未接触到,这里就不讲解了。

With的用法全解

With的用法全解 with结构是许多英语复合结构中最常用的一种。学好它对学好复合宾语结构、不定式复合结构、动名词复合结构和独立主格结构均能起很重要的作用。本文就此的构成、特点及用法等作一较全面阐述,以帮助同学们掌握这一重要的语法知识。 一、 with结构的构成 它是由介词with或without+复合结构构成,复合结构作介词with或without的复合宾语,复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词或代词充当,第二部分补足语由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词充当,分词可以是现在分词,也可以是过去分词。With结构构成方式如下: 1. with或without-名词/代词+形容词; 2. with或without-名词/代词+副词; 3. with或without-名词/代词+介词短语; 4. with或without-名词/代词 +动词不定式; 5. with或without-名词/代词 +分词。 下面分别举例: 1、 She came into the room,with her nose red because of cold.(with+名词+形容词,作伴随状语)

2、 With the meal over , we all went home.(with+名词+副词,作时间状语) 3、The master was walking up and down with the ruler under his arm。(with+名词+介词短语,作伴随状语。) The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand. 4、He lay in the dark empty house,with not a man ,woman or child to say he was kind to me.(with+名词+不定式,作伴随状语)He could not finish it without me to help him.(without+代词 +不定式,作条件状语) 5、She fell asleep with the light burning.(with+名词+现在分词,作伴随状语) Without anything left in the with结构是许多英 语复合结构中最常用的一种。学好它对学好复合宾语结构、不定式复合结构、动名词复合结构和独立主格结构均能起很重要的作用。本文就此的构成、特点及用法等作一较全面阐述,以帮助同学们掌握这一重要的语法知识。 二、with结构的用法 with是介词,其意义颇多,一时难掌握。为帮助大家理清头绪,以教材中的句子为例,进行分类,并配以简单的解释。在句子中with结构多数充当状语,表示行为方式,伴随情况、时间、原因或条件(详见上述例句)。 1.带着,牵着…… (表动作特征)。如: Run with the kite like this.

动名词的用法

动名词的用法及练习 你听过英文语法有动词(verb)、名词(noun);但你听过有动名词(gerund)吗 1. The girl is singing a song. 2. The girl singing now is my sister. 3. Singing is one of her hobbies(爱好). 一、名词性的动名词(Nominal Gerund) Nominal Gerund 可以加上定冠词(Definite article,如the)或不定冠词(Indefinite article,如a, an),其他可加在动名词前的还有如:my, this, some, any, all, no 等等。举例如下: 1. The mellow(愉快地) singing of the birds announces the coming of spring. (singing前加定冠词the及形容词mellow;coming 前加the) 2. We knew the robber was near when we heard a faint rustling(沙沙声) in the bushes. (rustling 前加不定冠词a及形容词faint) 从上面的例子可看出如何将一个动词转成名词;但它和真正的名词还是有区别的,那就是没有单数或复数之分。不过,有一些动名词是可以变成真正名词的喔,如:saying, writing, opening, painting, cutting, heading, feeling, being,saving, surrounding, crossing, misunderstanding 等等。它们都可以有复数的喔,方法就是在它们的后面加个s,如:paintings。 二、动词性的动名词(Verbal Gerund) 看看下面的句子: Carelessly writing essays annoys the teacher. 上面的句子里的writing是动名词,但前面有副词carelessly(粗心地),后面又有受词(Object) essays。因此writing就有动词的特征。 注意:Verbal Gerund 这类动名词的前面可不能加上任何冠词(the, a, an ...)喔。 动名词的功能与用法 一、在句子中用作主语(Subject)或主语的补语(Subject Complement): 作主语 1. Listening to music gives me pleasure. (主语Listening ) 2. Running is good exercise. (主语running) 3. Walking to school is a good idea. (主语walking) 作主语的补语 1. My cat's favorite activity is sleeping. (补语sleeping) 2. Seeing is believing. (主语seeing, 补语believing) 主语置于句尾用It + be + ... +v-ing 句型 1. It is fun speaking English. 2. It is of great importance fighting against pollution(污染). 用It is 后接no use. no good, fun 等的句型 1. It is no use learning theory without practice. 2. It is no fun being lost in rain. 用It is 后接useless, nice, good, interesting, worthwhile 等的句型 1. It is worthwhile taking this into consideration. 用There + be + no + v-ing 的句型 1. There is no joking about such matters. 2. There is no getting along with him. (简直无法与他相处) 二、动名词也可以作宾语(Object) 作动词/动词短语的宾语(置于动词或动词短语的后面) 1. I cannot help laughing. (我禁不住笑了起来)(宾语laughing) 2. You should avoid quarrelling with your sister. (宾语quarrelling) 3. You should practice speaking English more. (宾语speaking) 注意:上面三个句子中的动词:help, avoid, practice 只能用动名词作宾语。这类动词还有:dislike 厌恶admit 接受repent 后悔acknowledge 承认

keep 的用法

Keep的用法: keep vt., vi. kept, keeping 保留;保守 I keep old letters.我保存旧信。 I'll keep the original copy of your report on file. 我会把你报告的原件归档的。 It's an interesting suggestion and we'll keep it on ice." 这是一项有趣的建议,我们将留待以后考虑采用。" 保持;继续 We will keep on trying and, if we get anything done, will notify you. 我们将继续努力,有结果将通知你。 Leaders shouldn't keep themselves aloof from the masses. 领导人决不应该脱离群众。 Keep calm!安静! You shouldn't keep chopping and changing like this; you'd better make up your mind right now! "你不能再这样变化无常了,最好现在就拿定主意!" 遵守 He keeps to his promise.他守约。 "Everyone should keep discipline, and you, officers are no exception." "每个人都应该遵守纪律,你们军官也不例外。" 保卫;保护 Keep the baby warm.别把婴儿冻着。(常与from连用)防止;抑制 Keep one's temper。抑制住不发脾气。 Keep a curb on your anger.请抑制住怒气。 扣留;留下 Please keep me a place in the queue.请在队里给我留个位置。 赡养;饲养 to keep a dog养狗 Farmers usually keep chickens in their backyard. 农民们通常在自己的后院养鸡。 经营;经销;管理 to keep a shop开商店 to keep house治家 (常与from连用)远离;不接触 Keep away from the scene of the accident.勿靠近事故现场。 Their dog looked dangerous, we decided to keep our distance from it. 他们家那条狗样子很凶恶,因此我们决定离它远一点。 But the stone walls keep the farmer's cows from joining his neighbor's cows. 但是石头墙使这家农民的母牛不会加入到邻居的牛群中去。

使役动词的用法

标题句:His mother made him get a pack of sugar. 结构:使役动词的用法 所谓「使役」,就是叫人家去做事情,如: 1. 老师叫John 到办公室拿他的书 2. 爸爸叫我明天下午要洗车子 这类的动词,英文中称为「使役动词」,有make, have, let 三个。这三个动词的最大特色,也是必须注意的事项是,其后的第二个动词是用「原形动词」,不可再加to。所以前述的两个例子的英文是: 4. The teacher made/had John get his book in the office. (注:在当作「使役动词」用法中,make = have。) 5. Father makes/has me wash the car tomorrow afternoon.以上两句的使役动词均故意用不同的时态,如此可以清楚地看出其后的加黑动词仍是用「原形动词」。对于「使役动词」的用法,建议背好底下的常用句子: Let's go.(我们走吧!) 这一句不但常用,且句子很短,go 用原形动词,可突显出「使役动词+ 原形动词」的特殊用法。 容易造成混淆的其它动词:「使役动词」只有三个,特殊用法记起来就没事,但依经验显示,真正会造成学习扣分的原因,在于有些动词的对应中文意思和「使役动词」很类似,故容易和上述的「使役动词」混在一起。这些动词有want (要...;叫...) 及ask (要求...)。这两个动词后的第二个动词,并不是用原形动词,而是和其它的大多数的动词一样,是要加to 的不定词。参照底下的例句: 7. The teacher wanted John to get his book in the office. 8. Father wants me to wash the car tomorrow afternoon. 9. Mr. Wang asked them to sit there yesterday.

with用法归纳

with用法归纳 (1)“用……”表示使用工具,手段等。例如: ①We can walk with our legs and feet. 我们用腿脚行走。 ②He writes with a pencil. 他用铅笔写。 (2)“和……在一起”,表示伴随。例如: ①Can you go to a movie with me? 你能和我一起去看电影'>电影吗? ②He often goes to the library with Jenny. 他常和詹妮一起去图书馆。 (3)“与……”。例如: I’d like to have a talk with you. 我很想和你说句话。 (4)“关于,对于”,表示一种关系或适应范围。例如: What’s wrong with your watch? 你的手表怎么了? (5)“带有,具有”。例如: ①He’s a tall kid with short hair. 他是个长着一头短发的高个子小孩。 ②They have no money with them. 他们没带钱。 (6)“在……方面”。例如: Kate helps me with my English. 凯特帮我学英语。 (7)“随着,与……同时”。例如: With these words, he left the room. 说完这些话,他离开了房间。 [解题过程] with结构也称为with复合结构。是由with+复合宾语组成。常在句中做状语,表示谓语动作发生的伴随情况、时间、原因、方式等。其构成有下列几种情形: 1.with+名词(或代词)+现在分词 此时,现在分词和前面的名词或代词是逻辑上的主谓关系。 例如:1)With prices going up so fast, we can't afford luxuries. 由于物价上涨很快,我们买不起高档商品。(原因状语) 2)With the crowds cheering, they drove to the palace. 在人群的欢呼声中,他们驱车来到皇宫。(伴随情况) 2.with+名词(或代词)+过去分词 此时,过去分词和前面的名词或代词是逻辑上的动宾关系。

英语16种时态表

精心整理|?英语16种时态表 英语时态表 英语时态表 时态 名称 结构常连用的词主要用法例句 一般现在时1由be的 isamare表 示,之后接名 词,形容词或 介词。 every…, sometime s, always,ne ver, often,usu ally等。 一般现在时表示没有时 限的持久存在的习惯性 的动作或状态,或现阶段 反复发生的动作或状态 陈述句:Iamanofficeworker. Heissolazy. Theyareathome 否定句:IamnotTim. Sheisnotverybeauiful. Theyarenotintheoffice. 一般疑问句:Areyouanofficea Isshebeautiful? 2由实意动词 V构成,引导 疑问句和否定 句,用do或 don’t。第三 陈述句:IworkinShanghai. Heworksathome. DavyneverwatchesTVathome

人称时用does或doesn’t,有does出现动词用原形;第三人称陈述句V后加s或es. 否定句:Idon’tlikethefoodinK Davydoesn’tlikethefoodinK 一般疑问句: Doyouwantacupofcoffee?Do ubwaystation? 一般过去时。1由be的过 去式是was或 were表示。 Is\am---was; are---were. ? yesterday , lastweek, anhourag o, thedaybe foreyesterday , in1997。 在过去时间里所发生的 动作或存在的状态。 陈述句:Iwasabigboss.Hewa WewereinBeijinglastyear. 否定句:Iwasnotathomeatthat Wewerenotatworkyesterday 一般疑问句:Wereyouateacher Wassheintheofficelastweek? 2由V的过去 式构成陈述 句,疑问句和 否定句用借助 于did,有did 出现动词用原 陈述句:IworkedinSunmoon WestudiedEnglishthere.Heliv 否定句:Ididn’tworkhere. Theydidn’tseeme.ShelikedE

keep的用法

1.keep +形容词 2.keep+sth/sb +形容词 3.keep +doing 一直做某事 4.keep ... from doing ... 阻止做某事。。。 5.keep a pet 饲养一个宠物 6.How long may I keep this book ? keep指借。 keep的用法小结 keep是高考常考词汇之一,其含义丰富,与其搭配的短语也很多,其主要用法如下: A、用作及物动词 (1)保留、保存、保持、留下 e.g. We'd better keep a seat for him. 我们最好给他留个座位。 He kept all the money in the bank. 他把所有的钱都存入了银行。 (2)履行(诺言)遵守 e.g. One should keep one's promise. 一个人应当遵守自己的诺言。 Everybody must keep the law. 人人都必须守法。 (3)赡养,养活,饲养 e.g. He has a large family to keep. 他有一大家人要养活。 The old man kept many animals like dogs, pigs and cats. 这位老人养了许多动物,像狗、猪、还有猫等。 (4)经营,管理

e.g. He kept a hotel in this city. 在这座城市里,他开了一家旅店。 She is good at keeping house. 她擅长管理家务。 (5)保守(秘密),记(日记、帐) e.g. All of the people keep the Spring Festival in our country. 我国所有的人都庆祝春节。 Some of them keep birthdays. 他们中有些人庆祝生日。 (7)使……处于某种状态(情况) 在这种情况下,keep常跟复合结构(keep+宾语+补语)。用作宾语补足语常见的词有现在分词、过去分词、形容词、副词以及介词短语。 e.g. He kept me waiting for half an hour. 他让我等了半个小时。 Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open. 少说话,多观察。 The doctor kept me in for a week. 医生一周没让我出去。 He always keeps his books in good order. 他总是把书放得整整齐齐。 B、用作不及物动词 (1)保持、继续(处于某种状态)(keep为连系动词)

最新使役动词的用法

make的用法make用作使役动词表示“使;使成为”时,可跟复合结构,即“make+宾语+宾语补足语”,其中的宾语补足语可以是不带to的不定式、过去分词、形容词或名词。现将make的复合宾语结构小结如下: 一、“make+宾语+n.”意为“使、让某人/ 某物(成为)……”。 如:We made him captain of our football team. 我们推选他作我们足球队队长。 We made him our monitor. 我们选他当班长。 二、“make+宾语+adj.”意为“使某人/ 某事(变得)……”。如:The news that our team had won made us very happy. 我们队赢了的消息使我们大家非常高兴。 We must make the rivers clean. 我们必须净化河水。 友情提示:当宾语是不定式短语或从句时,多用it作形式宾语。如:I made it a condition that everybody must be on time. 我提出一个条件,人人都要准时。 The heavy rain made it impossible for us to go out. 大雨使得我们无法出去。 三、“make+宾语+do sth.(不带to的不定式)”意为“使某人做某事”。 如: The boy was made to work twelve hours a day. 这个男孩被迫每天

干十二个小时的活。四、“make+宾语+V-ed(过去分词作宾补)”这个结构指宾语接受后面的那个动作,表示被动的意思,意为“使某人/ 某事被……”。如: The good news made us excited. 这个好消息使我们兴奋。 四、“make+宾语+V-ed(过去分词作宾补)”这个结构指宾语接受后面的那个动作,表示被动的意思,意为“使某人/ 某事被……”。如: The good news made us excited. 这个好消息使我们兴奋。 五、“make+宾语+V-ing(现在分词)”这一结构表示的意思是“使某人/ 某事一直在……”。现在分词与宾语之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。如: He makes the boy standing all the time. 他让那个男孩一直站着。 Get的用法Get的用法很多,但在每种搭配中get的意义是不完全相同的。大多数情况下,get是及物动词,有时它也可以起到连系动词的作用。 1.get+sb(sth) 叫来某人(弄到事物)Please go and get him.去把他叫来。She got high marks in the final examination. 2. get+sb+sth / get+sth+for sb 为某人弄到事物Will you please get me a ticket for the football match?请给我弄张足球票好吗?

with用法小结

with用法小结 一、with表拥有某物 Mary married a man with a lot of money . 马莉嫁给了一个有着很多钱的男人。 I often dream of a big house with a nice garden . 我经常梦想有一个带花园的大房子。 The old man lived with a little dog on the lonely island . 这个老人和一条小狗住在荒岛上。 二、with表用某种工具或手段 I cut the apple with a sharp knife . 我用一把锋利的刀削平果。 Tom drew the picture with a pencil . 汤母用铅笔画画。 三、with表人与人之间的协同关系 make friends with sb talk with sb quarrel with sb struggle with sb fight with sb play with sb work with sb cooperate with sb I have been friends with Tom for ten years since we worked with each other, and I have never quarreled with him . 自从我们一起工作以来,我和汤姆已经是十年的朋友了,我们从没有吵过架。 四、with 表原因或理由 John was in bed with high fever . 约翰因发烧卧床。 He jumped up with joy . 他因高兴跳起来。 Father is often excited with wine . 父亲常因白酒变的兴奋。 五、with 表“带来”,或“带有,具有”,在…身上,在…身边之意

keep的用法

用作动词(v.) keep about〔around〕1( v.+adv. ) 1. 继续履行职责go on with one's duties keep about〔around〕 She is very ill, but she still keeps about. 她虽然病得很重,但仍然继续工作。 2. 使手边常有have sth always present keep sth ? about〔around〕 I like to keep a few envelopes around in case I need them.我喜欢手边常有几个信封,以应不时之需。 keep about〔around〕2 ( v.+prep. ) keep abreast of( v.+adv.+prep. ) keep after( v.+prep. ) keep aloof( v.+adv. )

keep apart( v.+adv. ) keep at( v.+prep. ) keep away( v.+adv. ) keep away from( v.+adv.+prep. ) keep back( v.+adv. ) keep behind1( v.+adv. ) keep behind2 ( v.+prep. ) keep by1( v.+adv. ) keep by2( v.+prep. ) keep down( v.+adv. ) keep for( v.+prep. ) keep from( v.+prep. ) keep going( v.+adj. ) keep in1( v.+adv. ) keep in2( v.+prep. )

使役动词have用法小议

使役动词have用法小议 浙江盘笋 使役动词have在高中英语课本中频频出现。同学们若不准确掌握它的用法,便会在使用中常常出错。现将其用法归纳如下,仅供参考。 一. have sb do sth 此结构意为“让/请某人做某事”,宾语是宾语补足语所表示动作的执行者,但宾语补足语表示的动作却发生在have动作之后,即宾语补足语所表示的动作在当时尚未发生。例如: The soldiers had him stand with his back to his father. 士兵们让这男孩背对他父亲站着。 The teacher had us hand in our homework on time. 老师让我们按时交作业。 We had Alice attend that meeting with him. 我们让艾丽斯与他一起参加了那个会议。 注意:此结构用于否定句中时,常含“不能容忍、不允许”之意。例如: I won”t have you say such things. 我可不允许你说这样的话。 We”ll never have such things happen again. 我们决不允许类似的事情再次发生。 二. have sb / sth doing sth 在have sb / sth doing sth中,doing sth为现在分词短语,在句中作宾语补足语;sb / sth与doing之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。有以下两种主要用法: 1. 多表示“让某人/某物处于做某事的状态”,此时have也可由keep来代替。例如: His parents had him staying at home all the time. 他父母亲让他一直呆在家里。

常见介词用法

常见介词用法: 1)at,in,on在……范围 at(1)表示在小地方;(2)表示“在……附近,旁边” in(1)表示在大地方;(2)表示“在…范围之内”。 on表示毗邻,接壤 to表示在……范围外,不强调是否接壤Hearrivedatthestationatt en. Heissittingatthedesk. HearrivedinShanghaiyes terday. JiangsuliesintheeastofCh ina. RussialiveonthenorthofC hina. FujianistothesouthofJian gsuProvince. 2)above,over,on在……上 above指在……上方,不强 调是否垂直,与below相 对; over指垂直的上方,与 under相对,但over与物体 有一定的空间,不直接接 触。 on表示某物体上面并与之 接触。 Thebirdisflyingabovemy head. Thereisabridgeovertheri ver. Heputhiswatchonthe 3)below,under在……下面 under表示在…正下方 below表示在……下,不一 定在正下方 Thereisacatunderthetabl e. Pleasewriteyournamebel owtheline. 介词短语组织形式及实例: 一、介词+名词形式 第一组 byaccident偶然 onaccountof因为,由于 inaddition另外 inadditionto除……之外 intheair在流行中,在传播 中

Keep_用法

Keep 用法知多少 keep 是英语中用法灵活的动词之一,用法归纳如下: 一、用作系动词,意为“保持(某种状态)”,其后常接形容词作表语。如: Please keep quiet / silent! 请保持安静! After the accident, he still kept alive. 这次事故之后,他仍然活着。 二、用作实义动词,可表示: 1. 保管;保存;保留。如: Keep the change. 零钱不用找了。 Please keep these things for me while I am away. 在我离开期间,请你替我保管这些东西。 2. 赡养;饲养。如: Does he earn enough to keep himself and his family? 他的收入够养活他自己和他的家人吗? I used to keep sheep in my childhood. 我在孩提时常常养羊。 3. 经营。如: Her father kept a grocer's shop for a number of years. 她父亲开了几年杂货店。 4. 坚持;继续。后面如接动词,要用V-ing 形式作宾语。如: If you keep (on) practising your spoken English, you'll soon make great progress. 如果你坚持练习英语口语,你很快就会取得很大的进步。 5. 阻止;阻碍。常用于keep sb/sth from doing sth 结构中,其中介词from 不能省略。如: The heavy rain didn't keep them from watching the football match. 大雨没能阻止他们观看足球赛。 6. 保持。其后常接复合宾语,表示使(某人或某物)保持某种状态或使某一动作继续。 ①keep + sb/sth + 介词。如:

(完整版)英语使役动词用法

英语使役动词用法 使役动词是动词重要部分,也是高考的重要考点,学习时应注意下列几点 一、了解用法基本相同之处,从宏观上认识使役动词 1、含义基本相同 大多使役动词均有使、让之意。 2、结构基本相同 使役动词后面均可接宾语和宾语补足语,宾语补足语通常由形容词、副词、介词、不定式、现在分词和过去分词担任。大多数使役动词可用于被动语态。 二、掌握各自具体用法,从微观上熟悉使役动词 使役动词在含义和用法上均有不同之处,具体用法如下 (一)have使,让,不用于被动语态 1.have +宾语+done (1)叫、让、请别人做某事,表动作的执行者不是主语也不是宾语而是别人。 例I’ll have my bike repaired this afternoon. 今天下午我要请人修自行车。 (2)遭遇不幸事件 例He had his wallet stolen at the station. 他的钱包在火车站不幸遭窃。 2.have +宾语+do让……做某事,动作执行者为宾语 例He had her go there. 他让她去那儿。> 3.have +宾语+doing让……做某事,动作执行者为句子宾语,但动词必须为持续性动词,后面常接时间段。 例He had her standing in the rain for two hours. 他让她在雨中站了两个小时。 4.have +宾语+adj./adv./prep. 促使某一动作发生 例Please have your money ready. 请准备好钱。 (二)make 使……,有轻微强迫之意 1.make +宾语+do,迫使某人做某事,被动语态为be made to do 例The boy made the girl cry.男孩把女孩惹哭了。 2.make+宾语+adj./adv./prep./n.使……处于某种状态 例His illness made him very weak. 他的病使他很虚弱。 3.make +宾语+doing使……处于某种状态,并强调动作的主动性 例The story made him feeling sad.这个故事使他很难受。 4.make +宾语+done使处于某种状态,并强调动作的被动性 例Please speak louder to make yourself heard. 请讲大声一点以便让别人听到你。 (三)leave让,使,带走既可用于主动语态也可用于被动语态 1.leave +宾语+to do sth.让某人做某事,强调未来动作 例Leave him to do it himself. 让他自个儿去做这件事吧。 2.leave +宾语+doing让某人做某事,强调当时正在发生的动作

with的用法

with[wIT] prep.1.与…(在)一起,带着:Come with me. 跟我一起来吧。/ I went on holiday with my friend. 我跟我朋友一起去度假。/ Do you want to walk home with me? 你愿意和我一道走回家吗 2.(表带有或拥有)有…的,持有,随身带着:I have no money with me. 我没有带钱。/ He is a man with a hot temper. 他是一个脾气暴躁的人。/ We bought a house with a garden. 我们买了一座带花园的房子。/ China is a very large country with a long history. 中国是一个具有历史悠久的大国。3.(表方式、手段或工具)以,用:He caught the ball with his left hand. 他用左手接球。/ She wrote the letter with a pencil. 她用铅笔写那封信。4.(表材料或内容)以,用:Fill the glass with wine. 把杯子装满酒。/ The road is paved with stones. 这条路用石头铺砌。5.(表状态)在…的情况下,…地:He can read French with ease. 他能轻易地读法文。/ I finished my homework though with difficulty. 虽然有困难,我还是做完了功课。6.(表让步)尽管,虽然:With all his money, he is unhappy. 尽管他有钱,他并不快乐。/ With all his efforts, he lost the match. 虽然尽了全力,他还是输了那场比赛。7.(表条件)若是,如果:With your permission, I’ll go. 如蒙你同意我就去。8.(表原因或理由)因为,由于:He is tired with work. 他工作做累了。/ At the news we all jumped with joy. 听到这消息我们都高兴得跳了起来。9.(表时间)当…的时候,在…之后:With that remark, he left. 他说了那话就离开了。/ With daylight I hurried there to see what had happened. 天一亮我就去那儿看发生了什么事。10. (表同时或随同)与…一起,随着:The girl seemed to be growing prettier with each day. 那女孩好像长得一天比一天漂亮。11.(表伴随或附带情况)同时:I slept with the window open. 我开着窗户睡觉。/ Don’t speak with your mouth full. 不要满嘴巴食物说话。12.赞成,同意:I am with you there. 在那点上我同你意见一致。13.由…照看,交…管理,把…放在某处:I left a message for you with your secretary. 我给你留了个信儿交给你的秘书了。/ The keys are with reception. 钥匙放在接待处。14 (表连同或包含)连用,包含:The meal with wine came to £8 each. 那顿饭连酒每人8英镑。/ With preparation and marking a teacher works 12 hours a day. 一位老师连备课带批改作业每天工作12小时。15. (表对象或关系)对,关于,就…而言,对…来说:He is pleased with his new house. 他对他的新房子很满意。/ The teacher was very angry with him. 老师对他很生气。/ It’s the same with us students. 我们学生也是这样。16.(表对立或敌对)跟,以…为对手:The dog was fighting with the cat. 狗在同猫打架。/ He’s always arguing with his brother. 他老是跟他弟弟争论。17.(在祈使句中与副词连用):Away with him! 带他走!/ Off with your clothes! 脱掉衣服!/ Down with your money! 交出钱来! 【用法】1.表示方式、手段或工具等时(=以,用),注意不要受汉语意思的影响而用错搭配,如“用英语”习惯上用in English,而不是with English。2.与某些抽象名词连用时,其作用相当于一个副词:with care=carefully 认真地/ with kindness=kindly 亲切地/ with joy=joyfully 高兴地/ with anger=angrily 生气地/ with sorrow=sorrowfully 悲伤地/ with ease=easily 容易地/ with delight=delightedly 高兴地/ with great fluency =very fluently 很流利地3.表示条件时,根据情况可与虚拟语气连用:With more money I would be able to buy it. 要是钱多一点,我就买得起了。/ With better equipment, we could have finished the job even sooner. 要是设备好些,我们完成这项工作还要快些。4.比较with 和as:两者均可表示“随着”,但前者是介词,后者是连词:He will improve as he grows older. 随着年龄的增长,他会进步的。/ People’s ideas change with the change of the times. 时代变了,人们的观念也会变化。5.介词with和to 均可表示“对”,但各自的搭配不同,注意不要受汉语意思的影响而用错,如在kind, polite, rude, good, married等形容词后通常不接介词with而接to。6.复合结构“with+宾语+宾语补足语”是一个很有用的结构,它在句中主要用作状语,表示伴随、原因、时间、条件、方式等;其中的宾语补足语可以是名词、形容词、副词、现在分词、过去分词、不定式、介词短语等:I went out with the windows open. 我外出时没有关窗户。/ He stood before his teacher with his head down. 他低着头站在老师面前。/ He was lying on the bed with all his clothes on. 他和衣躺在床上。/ He died with his daughter yet a schoolgirl. 他去世时,女儿还是个小学生。/ The old man sat there with a basket beside her. 老人坐在那儿,身边放着一个篮子。/ He fell asleep with the lamp burning. 他没熄灯就睡着了。/ He sat there with his eyes closed. 他闭目坐在那儿。/ I can’t go out with all these clothes to wash. 要洗这些衣服,我无法出去了。这类结构也常用于名词后作定语:The boy with nothing on is her son. 没穿衣服的这个男孩子是她儿子。 (摘自《英语常用词多用途词典》金盾出版社) - 1 -

常见介词用法

常见介词用法 集团文件发布号:(9816-UATWW-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DQQTY-

常见介词用法: 1)at,in,on在……范围 at(1)表示在小地方;(2)表示“在……附近,旁边” in(1)表示在大地方;(2)表示“在…范围之内”。 on表示毗邻,接壤 to表示在……范围外,不强调是否接壤Hearrivedatthestati onatten. Heissittingatthedes k. HearrivedinShanghai yesterday. Jiangsuliesintheeas tofChina. Russialiveonthenort hofChina. Fujianistothesoutho fJiangsuProvince. 2)above,over,on 在……上 above指在……上方, 不强调是否垂直,与 below相对; over指垂直的上方, 与under相对,但 over与物体有一定的 空间,不直接接触。 on表示某物体上面并 与之接触。 Thebirdisflyingabov emyhead. Thereisabridgeovert heriver. Heputhiswatchonthe 3)below,under 在……下面 under表示在…正下 方 below表示在…… 下,不一定在正下方 Thereisacatunderthe table. Pleasewriteyourname belowtheline. 介词短语组织形式及 实例: 一、介词+名词形式

第一组 byaccident偶然onaccountof因为,由于 inaddition另外inadditionto除……之外 intheair在流行中,在传播中 on(the/an)average 平均,一般来说onthebasisof根据,在……的基础上 at(the)best充其量,至多forthebetter好转,改善onboard在船(车、飞 机)上 outofbreath喘不过 气来 onbusiness因公,因 事 inanycase无论如 何,总之 incaseof假使,万一 incase假如,以防 (万一)免得 innocase决不 第二组 bychance偶然,碰巧 incharge(of)负责, 主管 (a)roundtheclock昼 夜不停地 incommon共用,共 有,共同 inconclusion最后, 总之 onconditionthat 在……条件下 inconfidence信任 inconnectionwith/to 关于 inconsequence因 此,结果 inconsequenceof由 于……的缘故 onthecontrary反 之,正相反 incontrastwith/to 与……成对照 outofcontrol失去控 制

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