2014年4月全国高等教育自学考试《马克思主义基本原理概论》真题及答案

一、单项选择题(本大题共3O小题，每小题1分，共30分)

在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其选出并将“答题

纸”的相应代码涂黑。错涂、多涂或未涂均无分。

1．作为马克思恩格斯一生最重要的理论发现，使社会主义从空想变成科学的是C．唯物史观和剩余价值学说

2．承认世界的统一性的哲学都属于A．一元论

3．列宁的物质定义表明，客观实在性是D．一切物质的共性

4．运动和静止的关系属于D．绝对和相对的关系

5．唯物辩证法提供的最根本的认识方法是C．矛盾分析法

6．对传统文化的批判继承态度依据的是B．辩证否定的原理

7．认识主体与认识客体之间最基本的关系是A．改造与被改造的关系

8．作为认识的初级阶段，感性认识的三种形式是B．感觉、知觉、表象

9．真理的发展是一个D．从相对真理走向绝对真理的过程

lO．党的思想路线的核心是C．理论联系实际

11．地理环境在社会发展中的作用主要通过 B．对物质生产的影响实现

12．生产关系范畴反映的是人与人之间的A．经济关系

13．在上层建筑的各种要素中，居于主导地位的是C．政治

14．唯物史观认为，人的本质在其现实性上是D．人的一切社会关系的总和

15．具体劳动D．创造剩余价值

16．价值规律是B．商品经济的基本规律

17．劳动力价值决定的一个重要特点是D．它包括历史和道德因素

18．相对剩余价值生产的条件是D．个别企业劳动生产率的提高快于社会劳动生产率的提高

19．产业资本循环中为生产剩余价值准备条件的阶段是A．购买阶段

20．产生资本主义经济危机的根源是C．资本主义基本矛盾

21．年利润率的计算公式是D．年剩余价值量／年预付总资本

22．下列资本形式中不属于职能资本的是C．借贷资本

23．股份公司的组织结构一般包括权力机构、经营决策机构和监督机构三部分，与之相

应的具体组织形式是A．股东会、董事会、监事会

24．政治经济学中的金融资本指的是C．垄断的工业资本与垄断的银行资本融合形成的资本

25．“过剩资本”的出现是C．资本输出的财力基础

26．第二次世界大战后，主要资本主义国家的经济发展进入到

27．下列属于19世纪初欧洲空想社会主义者的是B．圣西门

28．马克思主义政党的最高纲领和奋斗目标是D．实现共产主义

29．劳动不再仅仅是一种谋生手段而同时成为人们生活第一需要的社会是B．共产主义社会

30．当代中国人民的历史使命是A．建设中国特色社会主义

二、多项选择题(本大题共1O小题，每小题2分，共20分)

31．下列关于马克思主义的判断，正确的有31、ABCD

A．马克思主义是关于工人阶级和人类解放的科学

B．马克思主义的理论特征是以实践为基础的科学性和革命性的统一

C．马克思主义的理论品质是与时俱进D．马克思主义的社会理想是实现共产主义

32．除了对立统一规律，唯物辩证法的基本规律还有32、AC A．质量互变规律C．否定之否定规律33．下列各项属于实践对认识的决定作用的有ABCD A．实践是认识的来源B．实践是认识发展的动力C．实践是认识的目的 D．实践是检验认识真理性的唯一标准

34．“公说公有理，婆说婆有理”，这句话在真理观上的错误在于否认了34、ABCD

A．真理和谬误的严格界限B．真理的相对性C．真理和谬误的相互转化 D．真理的绝对性

35．下列各项属于技术社会形态的有 35、ABCD A．渔猎社会 B．农业社会C．工业社会D．信息社会

36．简单商品经济中包含的各种矛盾有36、ACD A．使用价值与价值的矛盾C．具体劳动与抽象劳动的矛盾 D．私人劳动与社会劳动的矛盾

37．预付资本的总周转速度受到生产资本构成的影响，这种影响具体来自37、ABCD

A．生产资本中固定资本所占的比重B．生产资本中流动资本所占的比重

C．固定资本各组成部分的周转速度D．流动资本的周转速度

38．级差地租I形成的条件有38、ABA．不同地块土地肥沃程度的差别B．不同地块地理位置的差别39．资本主义国家资本与私人资本在企业内部结合的方式主要有 39、ABC A．国家购买一部分私人企业的股票B．原国有企业出卖一部分股票给私人C．国家和私人共同投资兴建新的企业

40．共产主义社会将要消灭的“三大差别”包括40、ABCA．工农差别B．城乡差别C．体力劳动和脑力劳动的差别

三、简答题(本大题共5小题，每小题6分，共30分)

41．简述物质和意识的关系及唯心主义、形而上学唯物主义在此问题上的错误。答：(1)物质和意识的关系是：物质决定意识，物质第一性，意识第二性；意识对物质具有能动的反作用。

(2)在物质和意识的关系问题上，唯心主义片面夸大意识的能动作用，否认物质对意识的决定作用；形而上学唯物主义缺乏实践的观点，把意识仅仅看成是对物质世界的反映，忽视了意识对物质的能动作用

42．简述真理的客观性的含义。真理的客观性有两个含义：

（1）任何真理都包含不依赖于主体、不依赖于人类的客观内容。

真理的客观性就是承认认识的内容来自客观实际又符合客观实际。简言之，真理的客观性就是指真理的内容是客观的。

（2）真理的客观性是指检验真理的标准是客观的。

检验真理的标准只能是实践，实践是一种感性的物质活动，实践的主体、客体、手段、结果都是客观实在，都不以人的主观意志为转移。

43．简述资本主义意识形态的核心及其主要特征。

核心：资本主义意识形态的核心是利己主义。利己主义是生产资料私有制的必然产物，是一切以私有制为基础的剥削阶级所共有的观念，资本主义经济制度是生产资料私有制的最高和最后形态，而利己主义也发展到了顶峰，成为资本主义意识形态的核心。

主要特征：资本主义利己主义的主要特征就是为一己私利而获取金钱。这种以获取金钱为特征的利己主义，成为资产阶级一切思想和行动的出发点和最终归宿。

44．简述第二次世界大战后国家垄断资本主义大发展的原因。1.仅靠自认垄断资本的力量，无法满足大规模经济建设所需要的巨额资金

2.在一些大规模公共设施的建设上，私人垄断资本无能为力或不愿进行投资建设。

3.一些大型，基础性，前导性的科学研究项目，也是私人垄断资本不愿意涉足的领域。

4.日益严重的生产过剩问题仅靠私人垄断资本难以解决。

5.社会化大生产的发展要求国家出面进行某些宏观经济调控。

6.在经济利益关系的调整方面，国家的再分配功能也越来越重要。

45．简述共产主义远大理想和中国特色社会主义共同理想的关系。共产主义远大理想和中国特色社会主义共同理想，二者相辅相成、相互促进，有机联系和统一。一方面，远大理想是现阶段共同理想的奋斗目标。当前我们开创的建设中国特色社会主义的各项事业，就是朝着实现共产主义的远大理想迈进。另一方面，现阶段的共同理想是远大理想的坚实基础。实现中国特色社会主义的共同理想，是为实现共产主义的远大理想二服务。中国特色社会主义的共同理想在我国的成功实践，必然成为实现共产主义远大理想的坚实基础。

四、论述题(本大题共2小题，每小题1O分，共20分)

46．根据人民群众是历史创造者的原理，谈谈坚持党的群众路线的现实意义。人民群众是历史创造者主要表现在三个方面：1.人民群众是社会物质财富的创造者，2.人民群众社会精神财富的创造者3.是社会变革的决定力量

党的群众路线的内容是： 1一切为了群众，这是群众路线的基本出发点和最终归宿，这是党的根本宗旨。

2一切依靠群众，这是群众路线的根本要求。

3从群众中来，到群众中去，这是无产阶级政党的领导方法，也是群众路线的基本工作方法。

在改革开放和现代化建设的新形势下，坚持党的群众路线，具有十分重大的意义。推进党的作风建设，核心是保持党同人民群众的血肉联系。我们党的最大政治优势是密切联系群众，党执政后的最大危险是脱离群众。在任何时候任何情况下，都必须坚持党的群众路线，

坚持全心全意为人民服务的宗旨，把实现人民群众的利益作为一切工作的出发点和归宿

47．什么是绝对地租?它产生的原因和源泉是什么?

(1)由于土地私有权的存在，租种任何土地，包括租种劣等地都必须缴纳的地租，即绝对地租。

(2)在资本主义农业中，形成绝对地租的原因在于资本主义农业中的土地私有权垄断。土地私有权垄断是指农业中的有限土地被私人土地所有者占有后，别人无法再去拥有对土地这种生产资料的私有权，从而形成了对土地的私有权垄断。首先，土地私有权的垄断，使农业产品价值高于社会生产价格的余额，有可能留在农业部门形成绝对地租。其次，土地私有权的垄断，使农产品价值高于社会生产价格的超额利润，必须留在农业部门形成绝对地租。

(3)绝对地租的源泉是农业工人的剩余劳动所创造的剩余价值的一部分，即超额剩余价值，绝对地租就是这部分超额剩余价值的转化形式。

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