Lesson-Six--Another-School-Year综合英语一下册课文-练习语法讲解
Lesson Six Another School Year—What For?
又是一个新学年----上大学为了什么？
John Ciardi
Learning Guide
大学的宗旨是什么？上大学的目的又是什么？诚然，大学是培养专门人才的摇篮，但是人们往往忽视了它的另一个重要的作用——用人类历史上一切先进的思想、灿烂的文化陶冶学生，使他们不仅成为各个行业、领域里的专家，还成为文明社会中教养良好、情操高尚的成员。教育不光是教人要掌握一技之长，而且还要教人如何做人。本文作者希望所有的大学生把眼光放宽、放远，明确自己大学期间的双重任务。
一、Word List
1.disaster n. 不幸；灾难
2.career n. 职业，事业，生涯（不可数名词）
3.job 指具体的工作（可数名词）
4.damn v. 诅咒；骂
5.hip n. 臀部
6.pharmacist n. 药剂师；药商
7.pharmacy n. 药剂学；药学；制药
8.stuff n. 作品等的内容；题材；素材
9.as conj. （引出让步从句）尽管，即使
10.faculty n. 大学的系、科、院（的全体教员）
11.put v. 表达；表述
12.working day n. 工作日
https://www.360docs.net/doc/4d17114700.html,efully adv. 有用地
14.engineering n. 工程（学）
15.professional adj.具有专门知识的，专业的，职业的 /amateur 业余的
16.cyanide n. [?sa???na?d] 氰化物
17.aspirin n. 阿斯匹林（一种镇痛解热药）
18.bull n. （未阉割的）公牛
19.client n. （律师的）当事人；（医生的）患者
20.incompetence n. 不胜任，不称职
21.involve v. 包含，需要，涉及
22.rear v. （美）养育（女子等）
23.sufficient adj. 足够的，充足的
24.raise v. （美）养育（孩子等）
25.expose v. 使接触，使……处于某种作用或影响之下
26.profound adj. 深刻的，深奥的
27.civilization n. 文明社会；文明
28.civilized adj. 文明的，开化的
29.intellectually adv. 与智力（或思维）有关地；理智地
30.intellect n. 智力，思维能力
31.head n. 头目，领导，首脑
32.contact n. 接触；联系
33.continuity n. 连续（状态），连续性
34.business n. 职责；工作；生意
35.philosophy n. 哲学
36.fine arts n. 美术（如绘画、雕刻等）
37.mechanized adj. 机械的；呆板的
38.savage n. 野蛮人；野人
39.push-button adj. 用按纽操纵的
40. unaided adj. 无助的
42.invent v. 创造，发明
43.essentially adv. 本质上，基本上
44.spiritual adj. 精神的，心灵的
45.resource n. 资源；财源
46.store v. 储存，储备
47.acquire v. 获得，学到，得到
48.fragment n. 部分，片断；碎片
49.necessarily adv. 必定，必然
50.literal adj. 实际的；字面的；直译的
51.limitation n. 局限（性）
52.humanity n. 人性；人类
53.developed adj. 成熟的
54.existence n. 存在
55.specialist n. 专家；专业人员
二、Text
Page 139 Para. 1
1． Let me tell you one of the earliest disasters in my career as a teacher. It was January of
1940 and I was fresh out of graduate school starting my first semester at a university.
我来告诉你一件我的教师生涯中最早的一次令我啼笑皆非的经历。那是我刚刚从研究
生院毕业，开始了在一所大学的第一个学期的教学工作。
A disaster 本意：灾难，彻底的失败；不幸；祸患，这里作者用夸张的手
法讲述他和学生之间沟通的不愉快的事情
B career 职业生涯
C fresh 新鲜的；淡水的；新的；无经验的
D out of = from
E. graduate school 研究所，研究生院
school 指大学里面的研究生院
2. A tall boy came into my class, sat down, folded his arms, and looked
at me as if to say: "All right, damn you, teach me something."
一个高个子的男生来到我的课堂，坐了下来，两臂交叉往胸前一放，看了我一眼好像在说："好吧，哥们儿，教点什么吧。"
A. fold 折叠；合拢；抱住；笼罩
e.g. Fold the letter and put it in an envelope. 将信折好放进信封。
B as if 似乎，此处后面接不定式
3.Two weeks later we started Hamlet. 两个星期后我们开始上《哈姆雷特》
4.Three weeks later he came into my office with his hands on his hips. "Look," he said, "I came
here to be a pharmacist. Why do I have to read this stuff?" He pointed to the book which was
lying on the desk.
三周后他叼儿郎当的来到我的办公室。"您瞧"他指着在我的桌子上的书说，"，我到这
来是想当一个药剂师，为什么我要学这些东西呢？"
A with his hands on his hips , with复合结构，表示伴随情况。
即：把双手放在臀部上，双手叉腰
B to be a pharmacist 想成为一名药剂师不定式表示目的
C point to 朝…..方向指着
Page 139 Para. 2
5. New as I was to the faculty, I could have told this boy that he had enrolled, not in a technical
training school, but in a university, and that in a university students enroll for both training and
education.
虽然我是一名新教师，我也完全可以告诉这名学生。他现在上的是大学而不是技术
培训学校，在大学里学生接受的是教育而不仅仅是培训。
A new as I was 虽然我是个新来的（新手）
此处是由 as 引导的表示让步的状语从句。其一般搭配为：
adj.
adv. |+as +主语+谓语， +主句
n
v
e.g. Tired as he is , he continues to work( old as he is, , young as he is ….)(形容词)
e.g. Hard as he worked , he could not finish the work in time（副词）
e.g. Child as he is, he knows a lot（名词）
e.g. Try as he might, he could not succeed. （动词）
B faculty 全体教职员
C. could, must, might, +完成形式：表示虚拟，即原本可以…的
D. technical training school 技术培训学院
6. I tried to put it this way. "For the rest of your life," I said, "your days are going to average out
to about twenty-four hours.
我试着这样的向他解释。我说："在你剩下的日子平均每天大致24小时。"
A.put 表达，表述
B.the rest 其余的，剩余的
C.your days are going to : 此处的be going to 表示推测，
D.average out to v 平均达到
e.g. Meals at school average out to about 20 Yuan per day.
在学校伙食平均每天大致20元。
e.g. . Gains and losses average out to a large profit each month.
每月得失相抵仍有许多赚头。
7. For eight of these hours, more or less, you will be asleep, and I suppose
you need neither education nor training to get you through that third of your life.
在24小时中，大约有八个小时要睡觉，我想安然度过你生命中的这三分之一的时间，
你既不需要培训也不必受教育。
A: more or less: imprecise but fairly close to correct
差不多，几乎；大约；多少不等；多多少少
e.g. It took more or less a whole day to paint the ceiling.
粉刷天花板用了将近一整天的时间。来自《简明英汉词典》
e.g. The content of the two articles is more or less the same.
两篇文章内容雷同。来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
B neither…..nor…..既不…..也不…..
C get through : spend or pass, as with boredom or in a pleasant manner; of time
完成；读完；穿过；用完,度过
e.g. It is hard to see how people will get through the winter...
难以想象人们将怎样熬过这个冬天。
e.g. We couldn't get through a day without arguing.
我们没有一天不拌嘴的。.
Page 140 Para. 3
8. "Then for about eight hours of each working day you will, I hope, be usefully employed.
每个工作日的大约八个小时里，我希望你能从事有用的职业。
A employ雇用；使用，利用
e.g. She has to employ two gardeners to look after that huge garden.
她要雇两个园丁来照料这个大花园
9. Suppose you have gone through pharmacy school － or engineering, or law school, or
whatever － during those eight hours you will be using your professional skills.
假设你读完了药学院，或是工学院、法学院或是别的什么学院，在工作的八个小时你就
可以应用你的专业知识。
A go through完成；读完；穿过；用完,度过
B you will be using your professional skills 将来进行时指将来某个时候正在进行的
动作（即：毕业之后）
10. You will see to it during this third of your life that the cyanide stays out of the aspirin, that
the bull doesn't jump the fence, or that your client doesn't go to the electric chair as a result of
your incompetence.
在你生命的这三分之一的时间里，当药剂师你的责任就是不把氰化物弄到阿司匹林里
去，当工程你就不能让工程失控，当律师就要做到你的当事人不因你不称职而上电椅。
A see to it that 简化为 see to 负责，注意，照料，务必，确保
it 为形式宾语，that 引导的从句为真正的宾语
e.g.. Leave it up to me. I'll see to it. 交给我吧，我会负责的。
e.g. See to it that you are here punctually tomorrow. 明天你务必要准时到这里。
e.g. The teacher said the monitor would see to it that all the students got the message.
老师说班长务必把这一信息通知到所有的学生。
e.g. We'll see to it that the three languages are used on the labels.
我们一定保证在标签上使用这三种文字
B stay out of不参与…，不插手，置身于…之外
e.g. I had just as soon stay out of the quarrel. 我宁可置身争论之外。
C the bull doesn't jump the fence 本意是“公牛不跳栅栏”
这里指事情不失控，不出乱子
D go to the electric chair (坐在电椅上，让电流通过身体，是一种死刑方式)
E as a result of 由于
F incompetence 不胜任，不称职
11. These involve skills every man must respect, and they can all bring you good basic
satisfactions.
这些事情牵扯到每一个人都要重视的专业技能，可以让你具有满足感。
A involve 涉及，牵涉，
B every man must respect 定语从句，修饰前面的skills
12. Along with everything else, they will probably be what provides food for your table, supports
your wife, and rears your children. They will be your income, and may it always be sufficient.
除了满足其他的需求之外，你所从事的这些职业将是你养家糊口的经济来源。这些职
业是你的收入的来源。祝愿你的收入永远够用！
A.along with和…一起[一道]，随着；除…以外（还）；以及；连同
e.g. Tobacco is taxed in most countries, along with alcohol.
除酒以外，烟草在多数国家都要征税。来自《简明英汉词典》
e.g. I'm sending you the book along with the material concerned.
书和有关资料一并寄上。来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
B. what provides for your table, supports your wife, and rears your
children 作will probable
be 的表语，此处的what 即你的职业所能提供的那个东西
C. rear children=raise children 抚养孩子养育儿女
D. sufficient 充足的
adequate, enough, sufficient
这些形容词均含“足够的，充足的”之意。
adequate：指数量上足够，质量上适当。够数，不欠缺
enough：最普通用词，口语、书面语可用，较侧重分量或数量的足够，多指希望的满
足。绰绰有余
sufficient：正式用词，侧重数目或数量或程度达到某一特定要求或需要。
Page 140 Para. 4
13."But having finished the day's work, what do you do with those other eight hours － with the
other third of your life? Let's say you go home to your family.
但是你完成了工作，那么还有另外八个小时时间，也就是说你生命中的另外三分之一的
时间你怎么渡过？让我们假设你回到家和你的家人在一起。
A having finished the day’s work, 现在分词的完成形式，其主语是 you, 即：你先完
成工作，然后怎么处理剩下的时间，如果分词表示的动作发生在句子位于动词所表示
的动作之前，就用其完成形式。
e.g. Having worked for a whole day, the secretary looked very tired
. 那秘书工作了整整一天，看上去十分疲倦。(先工作，后显得疲倦) 14. What sort of family are you raising? Will the children ever be exposed to a profound idea at
home? 你要把你的子女培养成什么样的人？孩子们能够接触到高深思想吗？
A raise 抚养，养育
B family =family members
C be exposed to（to 为介词）本意暴露在，即接触，体验，
e.g. To learn more about the world we live in, we should be exposed to different cultures.
为了更多地了解我们所居住的这个世界，我们应该接触不同的文化。
D profound idea 高深的理论，
15.We all think of ourselves as citizens of a great civilization. Civilizations can exist,
however, only as long as they remain intellectually alive.
我们都认为是一个伟大文明社会的成员。文明社会只有保持其创造性，才能存在。
A . think of……as….. 把…..当成….. 认为…..是……类似的表达方式还有：
treat……..as……
regard…..as…..
look upon /on….as…..
refer to…..as….
see……as….
view…..as…..
identify…..as…..
consider……..(to be )…..
B citizen 公民 civilization 文明
C as /so long as 只要
e.g.. You will do all right so long as you follow my advice.
只要你听我的建议，你一定会做好的
D intellectually 与智力有关的，理智的
E remain alive 仍然活着
16. Will you be head of a family that maintains some basic contact with the great continuity of
civilized intellect? Or is your family life going to be merely beer on ice?
将来你成为一家之主的时候，你的家庭是否对整个人类文明思想有起码的了解？或者
你家庭生活的内容只有冰镇啤酒？
A head of a family 此处的head 为家庭独一无二的“头”前面不放冠词
B maintain/keep contact with 与….接触，与….联系
C intellect 智力，理解力；有才智的人
D 冰镇啤酒 beer on ice, cold beer, iced beer
17. Will there be a book in the house? Will there be a painting? Will your family be able to
speak English and to talk about an idea? Will the kids ever get to hear Bach?"
你的家里有没有书？有没有欣赏的画？你的家人能不能用英语表达自己的意思，能不
能就一个有意义的话题发表意见？你的孩子能不能有机会听到巴赫的音乐？
Page 141 Para. 5
18. That is about what I said, but this boy was not interested. "Look," he said, "you professors
raise your kids your way; I'll take care of my own. Me, I'm out to make money."
我说的大致是这些，可是那个学生根本就不感兴趣。"您瞧"他说"你们这些教授有你们
教育孩子的办法，我也有我自己的一套。至于我嘛，我要挣大钱。
A what I said 我说的话（内容）"
B your way = in your way 有你的方法
C take care of 照顾，关心
D my own = my own children
E I am out to make money
be out to (口语)= be trying to do 努力想做某事，企图做某事
F make money=earn money 挣钱
Page 141 Para. 6
19. I hope you make a lot of it," I told him, "because you're going to be badly in need of
something to do when you're not signing checks."
"我愿你赚好多钱，" 我对他说"因为你不赚钱去买东西就难受。"
A be badly in need of 急需
e.g. We are developing new product, so we are badly in need of technical know-how.
我们想开发新产品，所以急需技术诀窍
B sign checks 开支票（付账）
Page 141 Para. 7
20. Fourteen years later, I am still teaching, and I am here to tell you that the business of the
college is not only to train you, but to put you in touch with what the best human minds have thought.
14年过去了，我仍然在教说，今天我可以告诉你大学的任务不仅是对你进行培训，还要向你介绍人类最伟大人物的思想。
A not only …..but （also）….不仅…..而且….
B in touch with 与….接触（联系）
C what the best human minds have thought 伟大人物所想的（即思想）.
21.If you have no time for Shakespeare, for a basic look at philosophy,
for the fine arts, for that lesson of man's development we call history － then you have no business being in college. 如果你不愿抽时间读莎士比亚的作品，学点最基础的哲学、学点艺术，学点我们称为历史的人类发展过程，那么你就不该上大学
A fine arts 美术
B 词组：have no business doing 不应该做…无权做…
e.g. You have no business telling me what to do. 用不着你告诉我
应该做什么。
22.You are on your way to being the mechanized savage, the push-button
savage.
你就会成为一个使用机器的野蛮人，一个会按电钮的野蛮人。
A on the way to doing 正要…快要…
e.g. She is on the way to becoming a full professor.她就要成为
一名正教授了。
B mechanized 机械的，呆板的
Page 141 Para. 8
23. No one becomes a human being unaided. There is not time enough in
a single lifetime to invent for oneself everything one needs to know
in order to be a civilized human.
谁也不可能没有人帮助就成为一个人。自己去创造成为文明人应有的一切知识，一辈子的时间也是不够用的。
A there is not time enough 此处enough 修饰名词
enough 修饰形容词时，必须位于被修饰的词之后，修饰名词时可前可后。
e.g. I have hardly enough strength left to move my feet
.(修饰名词，位于名词之后)
我连移动双脚的力气都几乎没有了。
e.g. That ought to be enough food for all of us.(修饰名词，位于名词之前)
那些该够我们大家吃的了
e.g. It is cold enough for us to go skating.(修饰形容词，位于形容词之后)
天气够冷的，可以滑冰了。
B for oneself
①为自己
e.g. One should not live for oneself alone. 一个人不应只是为自已活着。
②亲自独自一人
e.g. One cannot do such a thing for onesel
f.
这样的事情独自一个人是做不起来的。
Page 141 Para. 9
24. Any of you who managed to stay awake through part of a high school
course in physics knows more about physics than did many of the great scientists of the past.
你们今天的年轻人，只要在中学的物理课上没有完全睡觉，就比过去那些大科学家的物理知识强。
A manage to =succeed in 成功做某事
B stay awake 醒着（没睡着）
C than did many of the great scientists of the past.
就比过去那些大科学家的物理知识强。
此句比较状语中，主语是 many of the great scientists
位于为：did (did 此处为代动词，代替前面的knew about physics) 而且倒装了。
25. You know more because they left you what they knew.
你之所以比他们知道的多是因为他们把他们的知识留给了你。
A leave (过去式 left) 留下
B what they knew 他们知道的（知识）
26.The first course in any science is essentially a history course. You
have to begin learning what the past learned for you.
任何一门学科的第一门课都是极其重要的历史课。你必须从前人学到并
且留给你的知识开始学习。（你学到的知识是前人学到并且留传给你的知识。）
A the past 过去的人 the + adj. =这类人
Page 142 Para. 10
27.This is true of the techniques of mankind. It is also true of mankind's
spiritual resources. Most of these resources, both technical and spiritual, are stored in books.
人类技术的发展是如此，人类精神财富的积累也是如此，技术、精神等资源会储存在书中。
A be true of …..也是如此，也适用于….对….也适用
e.g. The same is true of touch screens. 对于触摸屏也是如此。
e.g. This is true of management as well as of workers.
很多管理人员和工人都是这种情况。
B store v 储存
28. When you have read a book, you have added to your human experience.
当你对这些书，你会增加人生的经验。
A add… to 把…..添加在…增加
29. Read Homer and your mind includes a piece of Homer's mind.
读一读荷马的史诗，你的头脑就有了荷马的一些思想。
30. Through books you can acquire at least fragments of the mind and
experience of Virgil, Dante, Shakespeare － the list is endless.
通过书，你至少能获得维吉尔、但丁、莎士比亚等无数从前人的一点点思想的火花。
A acquire 获得
B fragment 部分，片段，碎片
C. Virgil [?v?:d?il] 维吉尔（古罗马诗人，公元前70-公元前19）
D. Dante [?d?nti] 但丁（意大利诗人，1265-1321）
E Shakespeare 莎士比亚（1564-1616，英国诗人、剧作家）
F endless无尽的，无边的；没完没了的；永久的；环形的，无端的
31.For a great book is necessarily a gift; it offers you a life you have
not time to live yourself, and it takes you into a world you have not
the time to travel in literal time.
因为一部伟大的著作就是一份厚礼，他使你经历一生中你没有时间亲身经历的
生活，它把你带到一个现实中你没有时间去游历的世界。
A you have not time to live 定语从句，修饰前面的life
你没有时间去经历
B yourself 你自己，亲自
C you have not the time to travel 定语从句，修饰前面的world
D literal time 真实可用的时间，区别于想象中的时间。
32. A civilized mind is one that contains many such lives and many such
worlds.
一个文明人的头脑里包含许许多多这样的生活经历和这样的世界。
A contain v (整体里面) 有
B such 位于下列词之后： many ,any, no, several, one, little, few
e.g. no such things 没有这样的事
many such people
33.If you are too much in a hurry, or too proud of your own limitations,
to accept as a gift to your humanity some pieces of the minds of Aristotle or Einstein, then you are neither a developed human nor a useful citizen of a civilization.
如果你急着去赚钱，或是对自己的无知甚为得意，从而把亚历士多德或爱因斯坦的思想这个提高你的品德修养的礼物拒之门外，那么你既不是一个发展到成熟阶段的人，也不是一个文明社会有用的成员。
A 句子结构：(条件从句) if you are too…. to…, + 主句 then you are
neither…..nor….
B in a hurry 匆匆忙忙，火急火燎(急于挣钱)
C be proud of 对….感到自豪，引以为荣
D too (much in a hurry, or too proud of …) to 太….而不能….
E a gift to your humanity 品德修养的礼物此处做宾补
F pieces of the minds of Aristotle or Einstein,
亚历士多德或爱因斯坦的思想的一部分----此处作accept的宾语
G neither….nor….既不….也不
Page 142 Para. 11 ( the last paragraph .)
34. I say that a university has no real existence and no real purpose
except as it succeeds in putting you in touch, both as specialists and as humans, with those human minds your human mind needs to
include.
我认为，要是一所大学不能使你们学生不论作为专门人才还是普通人，去
接触哪些你们的头脑应该有的那些大师的思想，那么，这所大学没有真正
的办学宗旨，也就没有存在的必要了。
A has no real existence 没有必要存在
has no real purpose没有真正的办学目标（宗旨）
B except 除了（后面接从句）
C as 当….时候
D put you in touch with 使你和…..接触
E both as specialists and as both 不论作为专门人才还是普通人
F your human mind needs to include.
定语从句，修饰前面的先行词 those human minds(那些大师的思想)
三、Useful Expressions
1. go through 经历；经过
2. as a result of 由于
3. be exposed to 接触到，暴露于
4. think oneself as 自认为是
5. maintain contact with 与……保持联系
6. have no business doing… 无权或不应该做……
7. be (badly) in need of （特别）需要
8. succeed in doing 成功地做某事
9. be true of 适用于
10. get (sb.) through sth. 帮助某人度过……
e.g. How can we get through the winter without the heating system?
11.see (to it) that 务必，负责
e.g. See that everyone is there at 8 o'clock.
12.do with 怎么处理；怎么（用于有what的疑问句）
e.g. What did you do with my pen?
四、Verb Patten22 （Page 145）
主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语（that从句）
I warned Dennis that the paint was wet.
He promised me that he would study harder this semester.
注意：作宾语从句的连词that 可以省略
五、 Questions on the Text ( Page 159)
Oral Work
Answer the questions on the text
1. Q: What do you learn about the author from the text? What did he teach? A: From 1940 to 1954, he was a university teacher.
He taught English literature.
2. Q: What did the tall boy major in (主修)? How did the boy behave in
the author’s literature class? Why did he go to the author’s office
a week later? What was the problem?
A: He was majoring in pharmacy. / He was a pharmacy major (主修药学的大学生).
I’m afraid he didn’t behave well in the class. He showed neither interest in the course nor any respect for the teacher.
He wanted to have a talk with the teacher. He told his teacher that he had come to the university to study pharmacy and that he didn’t understand why he should read literature.
The problem with him was that he didn’t know that a university produces specialists who are at the same time civilized human beings.
The tall boy had come to university to train in a skill so that he would make money.
3. Q: What is the basic difference between a technical training school
and a university according to the author?
A: In a technical training school, students enroll for training. This means they learn certain skills for a job. In a university students enroll both training and broad education. They train for skills, but also learn to develop their mental and moral powers.
4. Q: How is the person’s day of twenty-four hours generally occupied?
(完整word版)学术综合英语课后答案解析
Unit 1 C 1.The younger generation should continue to sustain and develop our fine traditions and long-standing culture. 2.In the course of preparing one’s speech, one should be clearly aware of how one could make effective use of statistics and examples to bolster one’s point of view. 3.An impromptu speech is one of the speaking skills that college students should learn and develop through practice. 4.By using simile and metaphor, you can make your language more vivid and more attractive to your audience. 5.The proper examples you cite might help reinforce the impression on your listeners and make your viewpoints more convincing. 6.When you are speaking, you should choose common and easy words and at the same time avoid clutter in your speech.
全国自考综合英语一试题及答案解析.doc
??????????????????????精品自学考试资料推荐?????????????????? 全国 2018 年 7 月自学考试综合英语（一）试题 课程代码： 00794 Ⅰ、词法和词汇。从 A 、 B、 C、 D 四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并将所选答案的字母填在答题纸相应的位置上。（本大题共20 小题，每小题 1 分，共 20 分） 1 .Tom has three _____. A. brothers-in-law B. brother-in-laws C. brother-in-law D. brothers in law 2. Measles (麻疹 ) _____ a long time to get over. A. take B. takes C. spend D. spends 3. I caught the last bus from town; but Tom came home __ than I. A. more late B. more later C. even later D. the later 4. It _____ that the young Marine was not the old man ’ s son. A. turned out B. came to C. happened to D. looked out 5. The wind died ____ and it began to rain. A. off B. out C. up D. away 6. You shouldn ’ t take _____ of that child who knows nothing about it. A. chance B. advantage C. away D. benefit 7. In America, many white people are _____ the black people. A. prejudiced to B. prejudicing against C. prejudiced against D. prejudiced at 8. The soldier reported what he had seen to the general _____. A. an time B. upon time 1
自考0794综合英语(一)课程讲义全下册Lesson16doc资料
Lesson Sixteen The Letter “A”(II) 一、词汇 intelligence n. 智力，理解力 apparent adj. 明显的 toe n. （人的）脚趾（finger 手指） kitchen n. 厨房 imprison v. 禁锢，限制 imprisonment n. 禁锢，限制 long v. 渴望 reward v. 报答，回报 open adj. 无遮掩的 triumph n. 胜利，成功 uncertainty n. 不确定，不明确 inside adv. 在里面 glow n. 不刺眼的光，柔和的光 giant adj. 巨人般的，特大的 sum n. 算术题；运算，计算 slate n. （旧时学童用的书写工具）石板 prop v. 支撑 slender adj. 细长的，纤细的 vivid adj. （指光线或颜色）鲜艳的，鲜明的 fascinate v. 使（某人）着迷或极感兴趣 puzzle n. 令人费解的事（或人） useless adj. 无用的 impolitely adv. 不礼貌的，粗鲁的 impulse n. 冲动，一时的念头 scribble n. 潦草的字迹，乱写或乱画的东西 dazed adj. 茫然的 surprised adj. 感到惊讶的，感到惊奇的 aware adj. 意识到，觉察到 stir v. （微微地）动；活动；摇晃 midway adv. 在中途，在中间 tension n. （精神上的）紧张，不安 grip （gripped, gripped） v. 紧抓，紧握 kneel （knelt, knelt） v. 跪下 choke v. （使）难以呼吸 deliberately adv. 不慌不忙地，从容不迫地；故意地 freeze （froze, frozen） v. 使（人）呆住不动的 immobile adj. 静止的，不能移动的 stillness n. 平静，沉默 profound adj. 深的，极度的 ticking n. （指钟等发出）滴答声
研究生学术综合英语课文翻译unit1-4
第一单元? 如何发表演说 斯蒂芬·卢卡斯? ???? 在人类创造的万物中，语言可能是最卓越的一项创造。通过语言，我们可以分享经验、阐明价值观念、交流思想、传播知识、传承文化。确实，语言对于思想本身至关重要。和流行的信仰不同的是：语言并不是简单地反映事实，而是通过对事件意义的思考来帮助人们感悟现实。? ???? 优秀的演说者尊重语言并懂得如何驾驭语言。语言是演说者展示才能的工具，对于他们来说，如同其他职业的工具一样,语言也有特殊的功用。作为一名演说者，你应该意识到话语的意义，并懂得如何准确无误地使用语言，使其表达清楚，趣味横生，恰如其分。? 如同数字对于会计的重要性一样，准确地使用语言对于演说者至关重要。在没有确切知道一个词语的意思之前，千万不要盲目使用。碰到没有把握的词语，一定要查词典追根究底。当你准备演讲之前，一定要不断地问自己：“我究竟想说些什么？我究竟想表达什么样的意思？”因此，对于一篇演讲稿的用词来说，必须准确无误。? 如果语言表达清楚无误，听众就能很快抓住你的意思。鉴于此，演说者应该使用那些对于大多数人来说非常熟悉的词语，这些词语不需要任何专业背景就能够理解；演说者应该使用那些表达具体而不是相对抽象的词语；并且千万不要乱堆砌辞藻，哗众取宠。? 准确生动地使用语言能够使你的演说贴近生活。有一种方法可以使你的语言更加生动形象，那就是通过展开联想或创造语言图示。通过使用表达具体的词语、明喻或者暗喻等手法可以展开想像。明喻是对事物不同之处的比较，不过有些是相同的：它们总是包含“像……一样”或者“如同……一样”这样的连词。暗喻是一种隐性的比喻，它能够把两个形式不同但是有一些相通之处的事物联系在一起，暗喻不包含“像……一样”或者“如同……一样”这样的连词。? 另一种让你的演说生动形象的方法是注重语言的节奏感。有四种修辞格可以让你的语言富有节奏感：排比、重复、头韵和对比。排比是将一组或一系列具有相似结构的词语、短语或者句子排列在一起；重复是在一系列短句或者长句的开头或者结尾使用相同的一句话或者一组词语；头韵是指邻近或者相邻的几个句子中的首个词语的辅音字母相同；对比是将一些意思相反的词语或者句子并列在一起，通常使用排比结构。 恰当地使用语言是指语言的运用要符合特定的场合、特定的观众和特定的主题。同时，恰当地使用语言还意味着演说者要有自己的语言风格，而不是模仿他人的口吻。如果演说者的语言在各个方面都能够做到恰如其分，那么这篇演说成功的机率就会大大提高。??????? 优秀的演说并不是空穴来风、缺乏论据的决断。演说者必须找到强有力的论据来支持其观点。实际上，熟练地使用论据经常是区别一篇优秀演说词和一篇空洞演说词的关键所在。一般来说，通常有三种论据材料：事例、统计数据和证词。? ???????在演说过程中，你可以使用一些简明扼要的例子——比如过去发生的一个很具体的事件——有时候，你可以罗列好几个简明的例子，借此增强听众的印象。扩展性的例子——描述、叙述或者奇闻轶事——通常长一些，但更具体。夸张性的例子描述想像中的情形，这种例子能够将相关的想法有效地传达给听众。这三种例子都能够帮助演说者理清思绪、加强印象或者使演说更加娓娓动听。为了使表达更加富有效果，例子应该生动活泼，丰富多彩。 只要演说者对于统计数据用之得当并且加以解释，这些数据将有助于有效地传达信息，听众也能从统计数据中获益匪浅。最重要的是：演说者应该对统计数据了如指掌，并且运用得恰如其分。由于数据很容易操纵和捏造，因此，对于演说者来说，一定要确保图表没有张冠李戴，并且要确保统计方法正确，数据来源可靠。?
学术综合英语unit1_5课后习题答案解析
Task 2 A contrary to implicit assertion look up adapted Sustain unbiased In the course of metaphor clutter B bolster credible impromptu sparingly anecdote Credentials testimony hypothetical paraphrase juxtaposition Task 3 Translation B.发言提纲是有效发言的基础。通过写发言提纲，你可以确保你的思想是相关联的，你的思路从一点谈到另一点，你的讲话结构是连贯的。通常，准备讲演你可以采用两种提纲方式：详细准备提纲和简单发言提纲。 在准备发言提纲中，应该写出你的特定目的及中心思想，并以连贯的方式确定主要观点和次要观点，发言提纲应该由简要的提要组成，这些提要在你讲话时能够给予你一些帮助。发言提纲还应该包括帮助你记忆的重点词或重点短语。在写发言提纲时，可采用准备提纲的模式，尽可能使你的发言提纲简要，同时，要确保提纲清晰，易于辨认。 C. 1. The younger generation should continue to sustain and develop our fine traditions and long-standing culture. 2. In the course of preparing one’s speech, one should be clearly aware of how one could make effective use of statistics and examples to bolster one’s point of view. 3. An impromptu speech is one of the speaking skills that college students should learn and develop through practice. 4. By using simile and metaphor, you can make your language more vivid and more attractive to your audience. 5. The proper examples you cite might help reinforce the impression on your listeners and make your viewpoints more convincing. 6. When you are speaking, you should choose common and easy words and at the same time avoid clutter in you speech. 7. When you write a paper, citing the views from some experts is a good way to make your ideas more credible. 8. A good method of delivering a speech will improve its quality and will help convey the speakers’ ideas clearly and interestingly. 9. You should mot blindly use a word that you are not sure about, and if you are not sure, look up the word in a dictionary. 10. Your language should adapt to the particular occasion and audience. If your language is appropriate in all respects, your speech is successful. D. Before you deliver an academic speech, you should, first of all, get well prepared for it. Then, you should make your major points clear in your speech, and your speech should be well organized. When speaking, you should not speak too fast, and your language should be exp licit. Don’t always read the notes you prepared beforehand. From time to time, you should look at your audience. On one hand, you can show your respect to your audience, and on the other hand, you will be able to go on with your speech more smoothly.
10月全国综合英语(一)自考试题及答案解析
全国2019年10月高等教育自学考试 综合英语（一）试题 课程代码：00794 Ⅰ.用适当语法形式或词汇填空。从A、B、C和D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题纸上将所选答案的字母涂黑。（本大题共30小题，每小题1分，共30分） 1.This dress cost me（）the one I am wearing. A. twice as much as B. as twice much as C. as much twice as D. much as twice as 2.John suggested that we（）have the evening party this Sunday. A. didn’t B. not C. wouldn’t D. not to 3.Our team（）three matches so far this year, and we still have some more games to play. A. was winning B. has won C. wins D. had won 4.John’s never been to London.（）. A. And hasn’t Tom B. Nor Tom hasn’t C. Neither has Tom D. Tom hasn’t neither 5.I’m interested in（）you told me that day. A. all that B. which C. all what D. that 6.My sister has always regretted（）the opportunity to go to college. A. not to take B. not take C. having not taken D. not having taken 7.I（）to attend a social gathering, but something came up. A. have wanted B. had wanted C. want D. have been wanting 8.Cynthia said that she was not feeling well,（） A. didn’t she B. did she C. wasn’t she D. was she 9.（）is reported in today’s newspaper, a medical team will be sent to the western area of the country. A. It B. Which C. That D. As 10.（）cold and windy, most children in the community stayed indoors. A. Being B. It being C. It was D. To be 11.Looking out of the window, （）outside. A. it was a young man B. there was a young man C. a young man was D. I saw a young man 1
研究生英语综合教程下册课文原文
课文原文1-7 Unit 1 The Hidden Side of Happiness 1 Hurricanes, house fires, cancer, whitewater rafting accidents, plane crashes, vicious attacks in dark alleyways. Nobody asks for any of it. But to their surprise, many people find that enduring such a harrowing ordeal ultimately changes them for the better.Their refrain might go something like this: "I wish it hadn't happened, but I'm a better person for it." 1飓风、房屋失火、癌症、激流漂筏失事、坠机、昏暗小巷遭歹徒袭击,没人想找上这些事儿。但出人意料的是,很多人发现遭受这样一次痛苦的磨难最终会使他们向好的方面转变。他们可能都会这样说:“我希望这事没发生,但因为它我变得更完美了。” 2 We love to hear the stories of people who have been transformed by their tribulations, perhaps because they testify to a bona fide type of psychological truth, one that sometimes gets lost amid endless reports of disaster: There seems to be a built-in human capacity to flourish under the most difficult circumstances. Positive responses to profoundly disturbing experiences are not limited to the toughest or the bravest.In fact, roughly half the people who struggle with adversity say that their lives subsequently in some ways improved. 2我们都爱听人们经历苦难后发生转变的故事,可能是因为这些故事证实了一条真正的心理学上的真理,这条真理有时会湮没在无数关于灾难的报道中:在最困难的境况中,人所具有的一种内在的奋发向上的能力会进发出来。对那些令人极度恐慌的经历作出?积极回应的并不仅限于最坚强或最勇敢的人。实际上,大约半数与逆境抗争过的人都说他们的生活从此在某些方面有了改善。
综合英语(一)下册课后练习翻译答案
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