[Word]初一介词详解及练习题

[Word]初一介词详解及练习题

介词:

介词是虚词，不能独立充当句子成分

介词短语能够充当句子成分

介词短语 = 介词+介词宾语(名词、宾格代词、动名词等充当)

根据词形，介词分为三类:1简单介词:in, on, from, at, for

合成介词:upon, into, onto, inside, without

成语介词:由两个以上单词合成。in front of, in the middle of, on top of

一、常用固定搭配的介词短语形式

1. 动词 + 介词 look like; look at; talk to; think of

2. be + 形容词 + 介词 be surprised at; be afraid of

3. be + 名词 + 介词 be mad at sb; the key to; the way to

4. 介词 + 名词 at work; at home; at school; at last; on the farm

5. 介词 + 名词 + 介词 in front of; at the age of; at the end of

6. 介词 + 动名词短语 after leaving school; after finishing it

7. 介词 + 代词 for her; from each other; after him

8. 其他词 + 介词 instead of; because of; according to

举例:1. She looks like her mother.

2. Your coat looks very nice. What’s it made of?

3. Would you please show me the way to the bank?

4. My father is working at the office.

5. Don’t stand in front of the car. It’s too dangerous.

6. Please tide your schoolbag before leaving school.

7. It is dangerous for her to swim along.

8. What a nice day! We should go sightseeing instead of watching TV in the hotel.

常用介词用法:

in 的用法:

1. in on at 的用法区别:

in表示一日中上午、下午、晚上或周、月、季、年 on表示日、周日或特定某日中的一段时间 at表示点钟，一日中的黎明、中午、黄昏、半夜等 in the evening, in the week, in August, in spring, in 2013, in three days on Monday, on May the first, on a rainy day, on July 10, 2013

at five, at night,

2. in into inside的用法区别;

He spent about 21 hours in space.

China sent a man into space.

Yang Liwei was inside.

in 的用法比较多，在这里只讲这三个有共同的意识:‘在...里’的区别

in 在上面句子里是介词，表示‘在...里’

into 强调由外及内的过程，而in不强调

inside ‘在...里面’，有名词，介词，形容词，副词用法，在上面句

子里是名词，而in 不能表示这种意识 3. in与 after的用法区别;

We went there in six days. (过去时中in表....时间内) We went there after six days. (过去时中after表....时间后)

We often do our homework after school. (固定词组, after class; after supper等)

After finishing his homework, he went to bed. ( after+动名词)

He will come in two days. (将来时中in表....时间后)

He will come within two days. (将来时within表....时间内)

My mother often goes to work after 8 o’clock. (现在时中after+时间点表....时间后)

4. in ,on 在…上

on 表示两个物体的接触，但不表深度，如墙上的黑板、地图、图画

in 表示在…上必须具有某种深度，如墙上的门、窗、洞等

on 打在某人的头上、腿上、鼻子上等 in 打在某人的(脸上、腹部等)

on the tree 树上长出的东西

in the tree 用来指外界的人、动物在树上 5. in with 的用法:

in 后所用的材料in ink; in pencil; Don’t write a letter in pencil.

with 后加所用的工具 He does his homework with a pencil.

6. in dress wear

The girl in the hat is my friend. (in或be in表状态) She had on a

red dress. (have on表状态) He often wears a sweater. (wear表状态) Here is a coat for you. You’d better put it on. (put on表动作) She got up and dressed herself quickly. (dress sb或dress oneself既

表动作又表状态)

7. in time 和on time 的区别

We were just in time for the bus. 及时

The train arrived on time. 准时

8. in bed, on the bed的区别

He is ill. He is in bed all day. 卧床，睡觉 A nice box is on the bed. 床上躺着休息或某物在床上 9. in on to 的区别

China is in the east of the world.(in表示在某一地区之内的某方位)

Korea is on the east of China. (on表示与某地相邻) Japan is to the east of China. (to表示在某一地区之外的某方位).

Taiwan is in the south of China.(台湾和大陆虽然以海相隔，但是我国的

一个省，要用in)

10. in the street 和 on the street的用法表示“在街上”时，英国常用

前者，美国常用后者 11. in hospital in the hospital

She is in hospital. 在住院

She is in the hospital. 在医院工作

12. in school 在学习

at school 在学校;在上课

其他词组:

keep in mind 牢记

be in contact with和…联系

with的用法:

用…工具

write with a pen

cut with knife

fill with

see with our eyes

表示伴随状态

with a word

with a smile

bring sth with sb

take sth with sb

固定搭配:

with the help of

be busy with

重点句:

After the final exam, Peter, with her parents, is going to travel to Canada

instead of staying at home all the time. by 的用法:

…之前” by 表示“到

by seven o’clock by now by the end of last year

by yesterday by then

By tomorrow, I’ll have the outstanding (出售) five percent.

到了明天，我将得到未出售的百分之五。 by表示“乘…交通工具，用…方式或方法” by bus by heart by sea by train by car by ship by boat by air by oneself by the way

on, by 用法:

on a bike; on与the, one’s,或a这类限定词连用

by bike; by train不加限定词

by, beside, near, beyond的用法区别:

by 靠近，在…近旁

beside 在…旁边，其距离远于“by”

near 在附近，距离远于beside，而且范围大

beyond 在…以外

练习一:用by, beside, near, beyond填空

1. The little girl is sitting _____ her mother.

2. There is a white car ______ our school.

3. Many shops are ______ our home.

4. _______ our city there is a river.

练习二:

1. The post office is _______ the police station and the library.

A. between

B. among

C. in

2. The old woman lives _____ a small village. It is ______ two hills.

A. in, among

B. at, among

C. at, between

D. in, between

3. I can’t finish my work _______ your help.

A. with

B. without

C. in

4. Thank you ______ ______ me to have dinner.

A. for invite

B. of invite

C. for inviting 5. He would like to walk

______ the jungle (丛林) on vacation.

A. across

B. cross

C. through

6. It’s dangerous to go _______ the street now.

A. across

B. cross

C. through

7. The young man walked _____ the forest and came to a big river at last.

A. across

B. cross

C. through

8. Why are you standing, Alice?

-I can’t see the blackboard clearly. Two tall boys are sitting ____ me.

A. behind

B. next to

C. in front of

9. If you do things _____, usually you can’t do them well.

A. in a hurry

B. from now on

C. just now

10. She had to sell the house even though it was _____ her own wishes.

A. above

B. against

C. for

11. What a nice day! We should go sightseeing _____ watching TV in the hotel.

A. because of

B. instead of

C. together with

12. Your coat looks very nice. What’s it made ______?

- Cotton, and it is made _____ Wuhan.

A. from, in

B. of, in

C. from, on

13. -When and where you born?

st-I was born ____ October 1, 1998 ____ Suzhou.

A. on, on

B. in, in

C. on, in

14. I really can’t see anything. His head is ____ of my view.

A. on the way

B. by the way

C. in the way

15. There will be many robots ____ people’s homes ____ ten years.

A. in, /

B. in, in

C. in, after

16. All the workers went home yesterday ____ Mr White. Why?

-Because he was on duty.

A. except

B. besides

C. except for

17. It’s very kind ____ them to pick me up at the railway station and drive

me home.

A. for

B. to

C. of

18. A UFO landed ___ the Center Street.

A. at

B. on

C. in

19. _____ the Spring Festival, the heavy snow stopped many people from

_____ back home.

A. During, going

B. In, go

C. On, goes

20. Think it over _______ you write the answer.

A. before

B. after

C. on

答案:练习一:1. by, 2. beside, 3. near, 4. beyond

练习二:1.A 2. D 3. B 4. C 5.C 6. A

7. C 8. C 9. A 10. B 11. B 12.B 13. C

14. C 15. C 16. A 17. C 18. B 19. A 20. A