高中英语语法备考大全 专题1 名词

专题1 名词

◎可数名词单复数变化形式

○规则变化

○不规则变化

◎不可数名词数的表示

○抽象名词

○物质名词

○有复数形式的不可数名词

◎专有名词

◎名词所有格

○所有格形式的构成

○’s所有格的用法

○’s和of所有格所表示的关系

表示人或事物名称的词叫名词。

名词分为普通名词和专有名词两大类。

普通名词是一类人或物,或是一个抽象概念的名称,如:worker, people, desk, house, rice, milk, value, happiness等。普通名词又分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词、抽象名词四类。其中前两者属可数名词,后两者属不可数名词。

(1)个体名词表示某类人或物中的个体。如:boy, father, doctor, house, desk, dog, deer 等。

(2)集体名词表示若干个体组成的集体。如:family, team等。

(3)物质名词表示的是一种物质或一类物质,这种物质不能以数目来计算。如:rice, bread, milk, water, steel等。

(4)抽象名词表示抽象概念。如:happiness, information等。

专有名词是某人、某地、某机构等专有的名称,如:Karl Marx, New York, the People’s Republic of China等。

一、可数名词单复数变化形式

1.规则变化

(1)单数名词词尾直接加-s。如:boy — boys, pen — pens

(2)以s、x 、ch 、sh结尾的单词一般加-es。如:glass — glasses, box— boxes, watch — watches, brush — brushes

特例:stomach — stomachs

(3)以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的变“y”为“i”再加“-es”。如:baby — babies, lady — ladies, fly — flies

(4)以“o”结尾的多数加-es。如:tomato — tomatoes, potato — potatoes, hero — heroes。但以两个元音字母结尾的名词和部分外来词中以o结尾的词只加-s。如:radio — radios, zoo — zoos, photo — photos, piano — pianos, kilo — kilos, tobacco — tobaccos

(5)以“f”或“fe”结尾的名词复数形式变“f”或“fe”为“v”,之后再加-es。如:wife — wives,

life — lives, knife — knives, wolf— wolves, self — selves, leaf — leaves

特例:handkerchief— handkerchiefs, roof — roofs, chief — chiefs, gulf — gulfs, belief —beliefs, cliff — cliffs

(6)改变元音字母的。如:man — men, mouse — mice, foot — feet, woman — women, tooth — teeth, goose — geese, ox — oxen

特例:child — children

(7)复合名词的复数形式

A.在复合词中最后名词尾加-s。如:armchair —armchairs, bookcase —bookcases, bookstore — bookstores

B.man和woman作定语修饰另一个名词时,前后两个名词都要变成复数。如:man doctor — men doctors, woman driver — women drivers

C.与介词或副词一起构成的复合名词应在主体名词部分加-s。如:brother-in-law —brothers-in-law, passer-by — passers-by

(8)有的名词有两种复数形式。如:zero — zeros — zeroes

penny的两种复数形式含义有所不同:pence(便士的钱数),pennies(便士的枚数)

2.不规则变化

(1)单、复数同形。如:means, aircraft, deer, fish, Chinese, Japanese, sheep, works(工厂),cattle

(2)合成名词的复数。如:boy-friend — boy-friends, go-between— go-betweens(中间人),grown-up — grown-ups。

(3)有些名词通常只用作复数。如:glasses眼镜,clothes衣服,goods货物,trousers 裤子,belongings所有物,wages工资,riches财富, surroundings环境,ashes灰尘, compasses 圆规,cattle家畜,congratulations祝贺

have words with sb. 同某人吵架

in high spirits以很高热情地

give one’s regards to sb.向某人问侯

in rags衣衫破烂

It is good manners to do sth.有礼貌做某事

(4)集体名词的数。有些集体名词通常只用作复数,如:people, cattle, police

有些名词只用作单数,如:machinery, furniture, mankind, jewellery

有些名词既可用作单数又可用作复数,单数看作整体,复数看作集体的各个成员。如:The crew is large.船员人数很多。(指整体)

The crew are all tired.船员们都累坏了。(个体)

【即时体验】

—Can I help you?

—I’d like ______ for my twin daughters.

A. two pair of shoes

B. two pairs of shoe

C. two pair of shoe

D. two pairs of shoes

解析:考查成双名词复数的表达。解题思路:shoe“鞋”是可数名词,所以“两双鞋”用two pairs of shoes表示。

答案:D

二、不可数名词数的表示

1.一般说来抽象名词为不可数名词,但当抽象名词表示具体的东西时,可用作可数名词且词义发生变化。主要类型如下:

(1)抽象名词表示具有某种特性、状态、感情情绪的人或事。如:

抽象名词(不可数)具体化(个体名词,可数名词)

in surprise惊讶地 a surprise一件令人惊讶的事

win success获得成功 a success一个(件)成功的人(事)

win honor赢得荣誉an honor一个(件)引以为荣的(事)

Failure(失败)is the mother of success a failure失败者

失败是成功之母。

by experience靠经验an experience一次经历

youth青春 a youth一个青年人

have pity on sb.怜悯某人 a pity可惜的事情

with pleasure乐意 a pleasure乐事

(2)抽象名词与a(an)连用,淡化了抽象概念,转化为似乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。如:

A knowledge of English is a must in international trade.

Would you like to have a walk(swim, bath, talk)with me?

It is waste of time reading such a novel.

She made an apology to her mother for her wrong doings.

2.物质名词是不可数名词,但表示数量或种类之多时,可以用作可数名词。如:

(1)物质名词有形或数的相应物体,有单、复数。如:

some coffee一些咖啡,a coffee一杯咖啡,three coffees三杯咖啡,some drink一些饮料, a drink一杯饮料,three drinks三杯饮料,his hair他的头发,a few grey hairs几根白发,glass 玻璃,a glass一只玻璃杯。

(2)物质名词有前置后置修饰时,前面要使用不定冠词。

have breakfast The road is covered with snow.

have a wonderful breakfast They have a heavy snow every year.

Time and tide wait for no man.

We had a wonderful time last night.

3.有复数形式的不可数名词

(1)有些抽象名词往往以复数形式出现,起到一种丰富语言感情色彩或强调某种特殊状态的作用。如:

Use your brains, please.

They have smoothed away the difficulties.

Have you made preparations for tomorrow’s meeting?

Many thanks for your kindness.

No pains, no gains.

After many failures, they finally succeeded.

(2)有些物质名词以复数形式出现,表示数量之多,范围之广。如:

The boy burst into tears at the bad news.

The rising waters did a lot of harm to the crops.

The stone bridge broke down in heavy rains.

【即时体验】

For many Beijingers,dreams of living in___green area are becoming____reality.

A.a;a

B.the;the

C.不填;不填

D.the;不填

解析:表面看本题考查学生对冠词的用法,其实也考查了学生对抽象名词具体化的掌握。抽象名词并非都作不可数名词。D选项迷惑性较大,许多同学会认为reality为抽象名词,不

能用a。抽象名词或物质名词前或后加上表示性质类别的修饰词,指概念的“一种”“一类”“一次”等时,可用不定冠词。例如:Physics is a science.

答案:A

三、专有名词

专有名词用来指具体的人、地点、日子或物体的专有名称。其特点是:第一个字母大写,通常不与冠词连用,无复数形式。

1.人名

英美人的姓名与中国人的恰恰相反,姓在后面,名在前面,姓名前通常不用冠词。例如:Mary Smith, George Washington。

(1)一般熟人间通常用名称呼。例如:

How’s John getting on? 约翰近来好吗?

(2)在不熟悉人之间或表示礼貌时,常把姓和称谓连用。例如:

Would you please tell Dr. Smith to come to the office? 请你告诉史密斯博士到办公室来一次好吗?

(3)姓氏复数前加定冠词可表示全家人。例如:

The Turners have gone to America.特纳一家人去美国了。

2.地名

(1)大部分单数形式的地名不用定冠词。例如:

Asia, America, China, London, Shanghai

(2)大部分单数形式的湖、岛、山名前不加定冠词。例如:.

Silver Lake;Mount Tai

(3)山脉、群岛、海洋、河流、运河、海湾、海峡、半岛、沙漠名前一般加定冠词。例如:

the Pacific, the English Channel, the Sahara

3.日期名

(1)节日名前通常不用冠词。例如:Christmas, National Day

(2)星期名前通常不用冠词。例如:Sunday, Tuesday

(3)月份名前通常不用冠词。例如:April, December

【即时体验】

The Smiths ________ present in the party.

A. is

B. are

C. was

D. has been

解析:The Smiths是姓氏复数前加定冠词,指史密斯一家人,看作复数。

答案:B

四、名词所有格

英语中名词有三种格:主格(名词作主语、同位语),宾格(名词作宾语、补足语、同位语)及所有格(作定语,修饰其后面的名词)。

名词所有格是指一个名词与另一个名词之间存在所有关系时所用的形式。其构成有两种:一种是由名词末尾加’s构成;另一种由介词of加名词构成。前者多用来表示有生命的东西;后者多用来表示无生命的东西。例如:

Children’s Palace 少年宫

Tom’s bike 汤姆的自行车

the title of the book 书名

the legs of the table 桌子的腿

1.所有格形式的构成

(1)单数名词后加’s,其读音与名词复数结尾的读音相同。例如:

the girl’s father 女孩的父亲

(2)以s结尾的复数名词后加’。例如:

two hours’ walk 两个小时的步行

(3)不以s结尾的复数名词后加’s。例如:

the children’s holiday 孩子们的节日

(4)以s结尾的名词或人名,可以加’s,也可加’号。例如:

Thomas’s brother 托马斯的兄弟

the boss’s handwriting 老板的书写

(5)表示各自的所有关系,不是共有的,要分别在各个名词末尾加’s,如:

John’s and Mary’s rooms 约翰和玛丽各人的房间

若表示共有的,则在最后一个名词的末尾加’s,如:

Jo hn and Mary’s room 约翰和玛丽合住的房间

2.“’s”所有格的用法

’s所有格常表示有生命的东西,但也可表示无生命的东西。例如:

(1)表示时间:

today’s newspaper 今天的报纸

(2)表示自然现象:

the moon’s rays 月光

(3)表示国家、城市、机构:

Shanghai’s industry 上海的工业

(4)表示度量衡及价值:

twenty dollars’ value 20美元的价值

five miles’ dista nce 5英里的距离

3.“’s”和of所有格所表示的关系

(1)表示所有关系

可分为可分割的所有关系和不可分割的所有关系。可分割的所有关系通常指身外之物,一般不可用of表示。例如:

John’s pen(John has a pen)约翰的钢笔

不可说:a pen of John

但不可分割的所有关系,指自身拥有的不可分割的东西可用’s也可用of表示。例如:Mary’s hands(Mary has two hands)玛丽的手

也可以说:the hands of Mary

(2)表示主谓关系

the doctor’s advice(The doctor advised)医生的建议

his mother’s request(His mother requested)他母亲的请求

(3)表示动宾关系

the war prisoner’s release 释放战俘

children’s education 年轻一代的教育

(4)表示同位语关系(通常用of表示)

the city of Rome罗马城

the city of Pairs巴黎城

【即时体验】

The ________ is just around the corner and you won't miss it.

A. bicycle's shop

B. bicycle shop

C. bicycles shop

D. bicycles' shop

解析:名词做定语如表示所属关系有两种情况:①有生命的东西的名词要加's;②无生命

的东西通常用of。名词做定语如不表示所有关系,往往只用名词单数形式。表示什么样

的商店要用名词单数修饰shop。译文:自行车商店就在拐角处,你不会错过它。

答案:B

1. It is generally believed that teaching is ___________it is a science.

A. an art much as

B. much an art as

C. as an art much as

D. as much an art as

答案:D

解析:当名词前有what、so、as、too、quite等词修饰时,其形容词被这些词修饰,组成下列结构,如:What a nice book! This is too heavy a box for me to carry. He is not as honest a boy as Mike.等,应采取too/how + 形容词(副词)+ a(an) + 名词的形式。要记住一些类似的特殊结构,并加以分析。

2. The police are offering a __________to anyone who can give information about the lost key.

A. price

B. prize

C. reward

D. money

答案:C

解析:price 价格,价钱;prize奖金。D项是钱,属不可数名词,题中所要填的是“酬金,报酬”。注意正确理解名词的含义及其搭配是活用语言的基础,在复习备考中要熟练掌握考纲中一些名词的词义、搭配、习惯等,才能更好辨析名词,从而选择最符合句意的选项。

3.You’ll find this map of great _____________in helping you to get round London.

A. price

B. cost

C. value

D. usefulness

答案:C

解析:本题考查特定语境中名词的词义及“be of + 抽象名词”结构。Price (价格),cost(价钱,费用,成本)不符合题意,value作“quality of being useful or desirable”解时,常与of搭配,在句中作表语或补语,意为“有用,有价值”。故选择value。注意名词词义辨析及惯用法表达,题中“of + 抽象名词”相当于该名词的形容词形式。

4.The young dancers looked so charming in their beautiful clothes that we took _______ pictures of them.

A. many of

B. masses of

C. the number of

D. a large amount of

答案:B

解析:此题考查可数名词和不可数名词表示不定量意义的限定词。many修饰可数名词复

数时不用of,故A不可选。number用来表示大量,很多时,应为a number of,故C也不

可选,a large amount of用来修饰不可数名词,而picture是可数名词,故D也不可选。B

项masses of是非正式的表达方式,后跟可数名词。

5.What he has done is far from ________.

A. satisfactory

B. satisfied

C. satisfaction

D. satisfy

答案:C

解析:句中from是介词,后接名词。译文:他所做的事离满意还差得远。satisfactory是

形容词,意思是“令人满意的”;satisfied是过去分词,可作为形容词使用,意思是“感到满

意的”;satisfy是动词,意思是“使……满意”。

名词是中学英语的主要词汇之一,也是历年高考的重要考点。

名词的用法很多,尤其是名词的单复数,是中学生容易忽略的一点,所以高考的短文改错题中经常出现名词单复数和主谓一致的改错。随着高考题的演变,对名词的单纯考查有所减少,试题多变为在完形填空或短文改错中进行的隐性考查。

从近年高考题可以看出,名词部分主要考察名词的词义辨析和习惯搭配、名词的数(可数与不可数、单数与复数)、名词的所有格、抽象名词的具体化、物质名词的量化、名词和冠词的搭配以及主谓一致等。在高考试题中,名词常结合其他项目一起考察,考察题型以单项选择、短文改错、完形填空、语篇中的名词词义理解及单词拼写等。

考生应掌握可数名词及其单复数(特别是外来词),不可数名词和专有名词以及名词所有格,特别注意同义词辨析及常用短语。

复习时语法方面尤其要注意以下这些:

1.有些名词形式像复数,但含义是单数,而有些名词是没有单数形式的,应注意谓语动词的选用。例如:

Maths is the language of science.

No news is good news.

The Chinese people are a great people.

2.集体名词用作整体时,谓语动词要用单数。如用作整体中的各个成员时,谓语动词要用复数。例如:

His family is a big one.

His family are fond of music.

3.在“there be”的句子中,谓语动词的数应与其最近的主语的数相一致。例如:

There are two pictures on the wall.

There is a cat and two dogs in the garden.

4.表示两者共有关系时,只需在最后一个名词后加’s;表示几个并列名词的各自所有关系时,必须在每个名词后加“’s”。例如:

Li Ping and Li Ying’s father. 李平和李英的父亲.

Li Ping’s and Li Ying’s fathers. 李平的父亲和李英的父亲.

1.(2010天津)James took the magazines off the little table to make for the television.

A. room

B. area

C. field

D. position

答案:A

解析:考查名词意义和用法。句意是:詹姆斯把杂志从小桌子上拿下了,目的是为电视腾出空间。make room for是固定搭配,意思是“为……让空”的意思,其中的room是不可数名词。

2.(2010江西)Last year the number of students who graduated with a driving license reached 200,000, a (n) ______ of 40,000 per year.

A. average

B. number

C. amount

D. quantity

答案:A

解析:考察名词。a number of 许多amount of 一般加不可数名词表金额, a quantity of 既可

以加可数也可以加不可数, 但没有平均每年增加的意思。

3.(2010安徽)I haven’t seen Sara since she was a little girl, and she has changed beyond_______

A. hearing B strength C. recognition D. measure

答案:C

解析:本题考查名词辨析。hearing意为“听力”;strength意为“力气;力量”;recognition意为“认出;识别;认识”;measure意为“测量;措施”。句意为“……她变得认不出来了。”

4.(2010山东)Those who suffer from headache will find they get ______ from this medicine.

A. relief

B. safety

C. defense

D. shelter

答案:A

解析:本题考查名词在具体语境的使用。句意应为“那些头痛的人会发现这种药物能使头痛缓解。”所以A项意义符合句意, relief 表示“缓解,减轻,解除”。safety表示“安全,保险”;defense 表示“防御,防护”;shelter表示“掩蔽,保护”。

5.(2009福建)The World Health Organization gave a warning to the public without any when the virus of H1N1 hit Mexico in April, 2009.

A. delay

B. effort

C. schedule

D. consideration

答案:A

名词词义辨析。delay:耽搁,延误;effort:努力;schedule:时间表;consideration:考虑,体谅;关心。题干意思是:当H1N1型2009年4月袭击墨西哥时,世界卫生组织毫不犹豫地向人们提出了警告。选A。

1. Most female workers in Beijing suffer from ____ connected to the global financial crisis, according to a recent survey.

A. curiosity

B. eagerness

C. thirst

D. anxiety

2. Charles Dickens wrote many novels to call to social problems at that time.

A. interest

B. attention

C. notice

D. mind

3. It is too bad for someone in such a high _______ in the government to behave badly in public.

A. position

B. situation

C. profession

D. condition

4. His story of the accident does not make any .He is telling a lie.

A.difference B.sense C.excuse D.point

5. Jo was doing a lot of exercise to build up her .

A. strength

B. power

C. force

D. energy

6. I got a really good on my new computer for only 1,000 yuan.

A.cost B.view C.deal D.value

7. His letter was so confusing that I could hardly make any ________ of it.

A. explanation

B. meaning

C. sense

D. guess

8. I have been told that the new law will come into ________on January 1st next year.

A.effect B.use C.service D.existence

9. We have strong __________ for believing that the mine accident in Heilongjiang was due to the poor management.

A.grounds B.reason C.cause D.purpose

10. I must have been a great ______ to my parents in those hard days, for I never failed to live up

to their expectations.

A. achievement

B. comfort

C. disappointment

D. support

11. There is an obvious __________ between the cultures of the West and East.

A.content B.contrast C.contract D.contact

12. A trip to the forest park is a wonderful ______ of my happy childhood, when I had no end of fun with my playmates.

A. adventure

B. celebration

C. reminder

D. attraction

13. Nowadays people have to pass various tests for professional _______ so that they can be qualified for a well-paid job.

A.certificates B.permission C.admission D.perseverance

14. Mr Li has some trouble sleeping, so dinking a glass of milk before going to bed every night is his common .

A.practice B.knowledge C.experienceD.duty

15. She’s hoping her first performance in the US will be the first step on the road to success, th en she wants to try her ________ in Hollywood.

A. reputation

B. fortune

C. fame

D. target

16. He spoke so casually, as though the problem were of little ________.

A. matter

B. circumstance

C. benefit

D. consequence

17.—-How much should I pay for the ice cream?

—It’s my_____.

A. choice

B. treat

C. present

D. charge

18. On your way to New Yor k William will keep you ______,if you don’t want to be lone ly.

A. company

B. conductor

C. safety

D. friend

19. She was afraid that unless the train speeded up she would miss her ______ to Scotland.

A. ticket

B. place

C. seat

D. connection

20. The professor got a disease in blood for the _______ of fresh vegetables and fruit.

A. snake

B. lack

C. ignorance

D. minority

21. If you’re looking for a , you can make it when it is on sale.

A. bargain

B. price

C. cost

D. bill

22. When I was appointed to work in Hong Kong, I couldn’t adapt to the ___of life there for a long time.

A. speed

B. rate

C. target

D. pace

23. It is reported that many battles broke out in Middle East. What’s your of the situation there?

A. assessment

B. anxiety

C. comprehension

D. consideration

24. The police have issued a detailed of the missing boy.

A. direction

B. expression

C. description

D. instruction

25. My English teacher is really very kind. I’ll never forget the ______ he has done me.

A. favor

B. deed

C. help

D. value

26. The traffic slowed down because of the heavy snow in Yushu county, presenting a new ________ to the recovery from the earthquake.

A. suffering

B. disaster

C. challenge

D. damage

27. It’s important for us to employ a word or a phrase according to the ______ in language studies.

A.situation B.expression C.condition D.translation

28. The millionaire passed away, leaving his children with a large ________.

A.fortune B.luck C.money D.amount

29.—What ______ do you focus on when choosing a mobile phone for personal use?

—Its functions and stand-by time.

A.features B.signs C.symbols D.brands

30. Oh, ! We shouldn’t keep him waiting long, for he is not a person of ________.

A. courage

B. determination

C. patience

D. responsibility

31. Until the start of the Industrial Revolution, mankind was poor, hungry, and constantly at the _______ of disease and natural disasters.

A.power B.limit C.control D.mercy

32. It's a common __________ for young people to pay a New Year's visit to their elders.

A. sense

B. practice

C. rule

D. scene

33. The top leaders of the two countries are holding talks in a friendly ______.

A. atmosphere

B. state

C. situation

D. phenomenon

34. Have you heard news? The price of petrol is going up again!

A. the; the

B. /;the C .the;/ D. /;/

35. I ate sandwich while I was waiting for 20:08 train.

A. the; a

B. the; the

C. a; the

D. a; a

36. Hiking by oneself can be fun and good for health. It may also be good for ______ building.

A. respect

B. friendship

C. reputation

D. character

37. In our class, when the bell rang and the teacher closed his book, it was a ______ for everyone to stand up.

A. signal

B. chance

C. mark

D. measure

38. Encourage your children to try new things, but try not to them too hard.

A. draw

B. strike

C. rush

D. push

39.—He says that my new car is a ______ of money.

—Don’t you think those words are just sour grapes?

A. lack

B. load

C. question

D. waste

40.Form their ________ on the top of the TV Tower, visitors can have a better view of the city.

A. stage

B. position

C. condition

D. situation

1. D 考查名词词义辨析。句意:根据最近的调查,在北京的职业女性多数患有与经济危机有关的“焦虑症”。Curiosity好奇;eagerness渴望;thirst口渴;anxiety焦虑。

2. B 此题考查名词辨析。解题的关键是:记住短语call attention to 唤起对……的注意。

3. A 考查名词词义辨析。Position职位;situation情景;profession职业;condition 情况。此处someone in such a high position意为:有如此高职位的人。

4. B 考查名词词义辨析。解题关键是:掌握短语make any sense,本题借助短语考名词辨析。

5.A 考查名词词义辨析。句意:Jo进行大量的锻炼以增加他的体力。根据句意选A。strength体力;power力量,电力;force力,军队;energy能量。

6.C 考查名词词义辨析。此处deal意为:交易。

7.C 考查名词辨析及短语。解题关键是:掌握短语make sense of。

8.A 考查名词词义辨析。come into effect(生效,开始实施)come into use(投入使用)come into service(投入使用)come into existence(开始存在,成立)

9.A 考查名词词义辨析。“grounds”在本句中意为“充分的理由,且常用复数形式。这句话的意思是“我们有充分的理由相信黑龙江的矿难事故是由于管理不善所致”。

10. B 考查名词词义辨析。句意:在那些艰难的日子里,我从来没有辜负父母的期望,对他们来说我一定是一个最大的安慰。Achievement成绩,成就;comfort 安慰;disappointment失望;support支持。根据句意选B。

11.C 考查名词词义辨析。“contrast”意为“明显的差异;对比;对照”;A项意为“内容”;C项意为“合同;合约;契约”;D项意为“联系;联络”。这句话的意思是“东西方文化之间存在着明显的差异”。

12.C 考查名词词义辨析。句意:去那个森林公园游玩勾起我对快乐童年的回忆,那时我和我的伙伴们有无尽的快乐。题干中的定语从句使用了一般过去时,可见这里表示回忆起快乐的童年,用reminder表示“提醒人记忆之物”,符合题意。adventure 冒险;celebration 庆祝;attraction具有吸引力的事物或人。

13.A 考查名词词义辨析。“professional certificates”意为“职业证书”;permission意为“准许;许可;批准”;admission意为“(机械、组织等的)准许加入,进入权”;perseverance 意为“毅力;韧性;不屈不挠的精神”。此句译为“现如今人们不得不通过各种各样的考试以获得职业证书,这样他们就有资格获取一份高薪工作”。

14.A 考查名词词义辨析。解题关键是:掌握习语common practice惯例。

15.B 考查名词词义辨析。解题关键是:掌握短语try one’s fortune碰运气。

16.D 考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意:他讲得太随便,似乎这个问题不大重要。此处be of little consequence不大重要。

17.B 在情景交际中考查名词词义。It’s my treat,我来请客。

18 A 考察名词词义。从下文if you don’t want to b e lonely可知选A。keep sb. Company 与某人作伴。

19.D 考查名词词义辨析。句意:她恐怕除非火车提速否则她会错过去苏格兰的中转火车。ticket票;place 地方;seat座位;connection中转火车。

20.B考查名词词义辨析。解题关键是:短语the lack of缺乏……。句意:因缺乏蔬菜和水果,那位教授得了一种血液病。

21.A 考查名词词义辨析。句意:如果你在找便宜货,当促销的时候你能做到。bargain 便宜货;price价格;cost花费;bill账单。

22.D 考查名词词义辨析。句意:我很长时间不能适应那里的生活节奏。解题关键是:掌握短语the pace of life生活节奏,生活不妨。Speed速度;rate比率;target目标;pace 步伐,节奏。

23.A 考查名词辨析。assessment“估价,评价”;anxiety“忧虑,焦虑”;comprehension“理解”;consideration“考虑”。句意为:“据报道,在中东地区爆发了很多次战争。你对那儿的形势是如何评价的?”

24C 考查名词词义辨析。句意:警察发布了对失踪男孩的详细描述。根据句意选C。direction指南;expression表达;description描述;instruction介绍。

25.A 考查名词词义辨析。解题关键是:掌握短语do sb a favor,此处the favor是先行

词,he has done me是定语从句。

26.C 考查名词词义辨析。句意:因玉树县的大雪,车辆减速成为震后恢复新的挑战。根据句意选C。suffering痛苦;disaster 灾难;challenge挑战;damage损坏。

27.A 考查名词词义辨析。句意:在语言学习中我们根据语言情境使用词汇或短语是重要的。此处situation指“语境”。situation 情境;expression 表达,表情;condition 情况;translation翻译。

28.A 考查名词词义辨析。句意:那个百万富翁去世了,留给他的孩子们一大笔财富。fortune 财富;luck 运气;money钱;amount数量。

29.A 考查名词词义辨析。语境:----当你选个人用手机时注意手机的什么特性。---它的功能和待机时间。Feature特征;sign标记,记号;symbol象征;brand品牌。

30.C 考查名词词义辨析。句意:我们不应该让他等这么长时间,因他不是一个有耐心的人。

根据句意选C。courage 勇气;determination决心;patience耐心;responsibility责任。

31.D 考查名词词义辨析。解题关键是:掌握短语at the mercy of任……摆布,句意:人类不断地任疾病和自然灾害的摆布。

32.B 考查名词词义辨析。解题关键是:掌握固定短语common practice惯例。

33.A 考查名词词义辨析。句意:两国高层领导人正在有好的气氛中交谈。Atmosphere 空气,气氛;state状态;situation情景;phenomenon现象。

34. C 句意为:你听说这消息了吗?油价又上涨了!第一空特指下文的消息,应用定冠词the;第二空后的petrol为泛指,且是不可数名词,故不用冠词。

35. C sandwich是可数名词,且在句中首次出现,表示泛指,其前须加不定冠词;而“二十点零八分的火车”是特指的惟一的概念,故其前须加定冠词the。

36. D 根据常识便可知运动既可增强体质也可强健个性,不会增强尊敬或名声,友谊可以增强,但与前面health不搭配,故答案为character。

37. A 根据句意可知打铃及老师合上书本,这是下课的暗示,选项中只能选择signal。chance“机会”,mark“分数,痕迹”,measure“方法,措施”。

38. D 句意为:鼓励你的孩子去尝试新事物,但不要把它们太难了。push 推,挤,逼迫;strike v. 打,罢工,划燃rush v. 冲进,匆促行事,催draw v. 拉,拖,挨近,提取,画,绘制。根据句意,应选D。

39.D 考查单词的区别:lack缺乏;load负担;question疑问;waste 浪费;根据句意,尤其是下句的sour grapes(酸葡萄)可知答案选D。

40.B 名词词义辨析。stage:舞台,时期,阶段;position:位置;condition:条件,情况;situation:形式,情况;情景;根据空前的物主代词their可以推断出此处选B。题干意思是:从他们在电视塔顶部的位置,游客们可以更好地看到这个城市的景色。

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