高考英语语法强化训练专项十九省略句

(十九)省略句

一.省略句的作用:省略是为了避免重复,突出新信息并使上下文紧密连接的一种语法手段。省略在语言中,尤其在对话中是一种十分普遍的现象。近几年的高考主要考查情景交际,状语从句,宾语从句中的省略。

二.省略句常用句式:

1.情景交际中的省略

在日常对话中,谈论双方都知道的内容时,可以根据具体情况省略句子的主语,谓语或者更多的句子成分。---Let’s go to watch a movie tonight. ---Good idea. (=It is a good idea.)

---Anything I can do for you? (=Is there anything that I can do for you?)

2. 状语从句中的省略

if, when, while, as if, unless, though/although, once和as等引导的状语从句时,若与主句的主语一致或为it 且从句的谓语动词中含有be,则往往将从句主语和be一同省去。

---When (I am) in trouble, I always turn to her for help.

---Wood gives much smoke while (wood is) burning.

---Henry looked about as if (he were) in search of something.

---If (it is) possible, I will go to visit the artist myself.

3. 宾语从句的省略

①两个宾语从句并列时,可省去第一个that,但第二个that不能省:

---His teacher said (that) he wasn’t very bright and that he wasn’t worth teaching

②当主句的谓语为think, believe, expect, imagine, suppose, hope, guess, be afraid时,其后的宾语从句可以采用省略。若从句为肯定句,用代词so 代替与前面重复的部分;若从句为否定句时,则用not,也可用“主语+助动词否定形式+think/…+ so”。但hope, guess和be afraid只能在后面加not。

---Will Jim win the first prize? ---I guess so. /I guess not.

---Can Emily do this work? ---I think so. /I think not. / I don’t think so.

4. 动词不定式的省略

在口语中为了避免重复,常常会省略不定式结构中和句子前面的部分重复的动词原形,只保留动词不定式符号to。这类动词主要是表示心理,情感,计划等动词或短语,如expect, want, hope, wish, plan, intend, decide, love, like, prefer, would like, would love, hate等。

注:①否定形式的省略用not to。

---Shall I go instead of him? ---I prefer not to.

②当不定式含有be或是动词的完成式have时,be和have都不可以省略。

---Would you like to go shopping with us?

---I’d love to (go sho pping with you), but I hav e to take care of my younger sister.

---Don’t bathe if you don’t want to (bathe).

---Aren’t you the manager? ---No, and I don’t want to be (the manager).

---Have they finished the task?

---They hope to have (finished the task), but in fact they can’t fi nish it in such a short time.

5 介词except, but的宾语有时带to,有时不带to。其大致原则是:若其前出现了动词do,后不定式不带to;若其前没出现动词do,则其后不定式带to(★前有

do后无to,前无do后有to):

---I have no choice but/except to wait.

---I have nothing to do but/except wait.

6 如果主语是由“all+定语从句”,“thing+定语从句”,“what从句”或“thing+不定式”构成,且含有动词do 时,作表语的不定式可省略to:

---The only thing to do now is (to) study hard.

---The only thing that we should do now is (to) study hard.

---What we should do now is (to) study hard.

---All that we should do now is (to) study hard.

7. 某些使役动词(let, make, have)及感官动词(see, watch, look at, notice, observe, listen to, hear, feel等)后面作宾语补足语的不定式一定要省略to,但在被动语态中须将to还原。

---I saw the boy fall from the tree. The boy was seen to fall from the tree.

---The boss made us work 12 hours a day. We were made to work 12 hours a day.

8. 连词if在部分虚拟条件句中可省略,但后面的语序有变化。

---Had they time, they would certainly come and help us.

---Were I you, I would do the work better.

---Should there be a flood, what should we do?

9. 并列复合句中某些相同成分可以省略。

---This computer works well, but that one doesn’t (work well).

---I study at college and my sister (studies) at high school.

10. 新闻标题要求简练醒目,需根据上下文语境推敲其省略部分。

---Boy 14, rescued from cliff face. (=A boy of 14 has been rescued from cliff face.)

---American President to fly to London. (=American President is to fly to London.)

11. 一些固定短语中某些介词的省略。

prevent/stop/save sb. (from) doing sth. be busy (in) doing sth.

spend/waste money(time) (in) doing sth. have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.

have a good/hard time (in) doing sth. There is no

use/point/difficulty (in) doing sth.

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