定语从句用法归纳
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定语从句用法归纳
篇一：定语从句的用法
一、定语从句的有关概念
所谓定语从句，就是在复合句中起定语作用以修饰主句中的名词或代词的从句。学习定语从句，首先要弄清两个重要概念——先行词和关系词。
先行词是我们汉语中从来没有听过的一个新概念，它其实指的就是被定语从句所修饰的词。由于定语从句修饰名词或代词时，定语从句通常是后置的，所以人们就将放在定语从句前被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
那什么是关系词呢？其实它就是用于引导定语从句的引导词。事实上，英语中的各类从句，不管性质如何，它们都需要有一个词来“引导”，正如人们给引导状语从句的词语取了个名字叫从属连词一样，人们也给引导定语从句的词语取了个名字，叫它关系词，因为它通常被放在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用，以表明两者之间的修饰关系，同时它还在定语从句中充当一定的句子成分。
二、定语从句中关系词与所修饰先行词的关系
为了更好地理解定语从句，我们还有必要研究一下关系词与先行词之间的关系。但在研究这种关系之前，我们先来看看关系词有哪些。
根据关系词在定语从句中的作用，我们可以将关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种。所谓关系代词就是指起代词作用的关系词，它们在引导定语从句的同时，还在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、宾语等，英语中比较常用的关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose等。
类似地，关系副词就是指起副词作用的关系词，它们在引导定语从句的同时，还在定语从句中充当状语等，英语中比较常用的关系副词只有三个，即when, where和why。
许多初学定语从句的人弄不清关系词与先行词之间到底是什么关系。其实啊，关系词与先行词之间的关系很简单，简单得可以划一个等号。因为，关系词的含义在本质上等价于先行词，它与先行词指的就是同一个人或同一个事物。为便于理解，下面我们来看几个例子吧。
I know the man who lives next door. 我认识住在隔壁的那个人。
这是一个含有定语从句的复合句。句中的the man为先行词，who lives next door 为
修饰the man的定语从句；在定语从句中，who是关系词，它在定语从句中用作主语，从意义上说，它在此所表示的意思与先行词the man等价，换句话说，上面这个句子与下面这个句子等价：I know the man. He lives next door. 我认识这个人，它就住在隔壁。
She will never forget the day when she got married. 她永远不会忘记她结婚的这一天。
句中的the day为先行词，when she got married为修饰the day的定语从句；在定语
从句中，when是关系词，它在定语从句中用作状语，从意义上说，它在此与“介词+先行词”所表示的意思等价，也就是说上面的句子与下面这个句子等价：She will
never forget the day. On that day she got married. 她永远不会忘记这一天，在这一天她结婚了。
三、定语从句的翻译
许多英语初学者往往弄不明白为什么引导定语从句的关系词which不能译为“哪一个”，who不能译为“谁”，when不能译为“什么时候”，where不能译为“什么地方”，等等。
首先，我们必须要明白一点，那就是引导定语从句的which, who, when, where, why
等是关系词（关系代词或关系副词），而不是疑问词，所以不能按疑问词的意思来理解。
前面我们讲到，英语中的定语从句总是后置的，即要放在被修饰名词或代词之后；但在汉语中，定语通常是前置的，也就是说定语要放在被修饰名词的前面，并通常表现为“……的”这样的形式。当我们翻译英语中定语从句的时候，一般可以按汉语习惯，将定语从句翻译在被修饰的名词或代词之前，而其中的关系词一般就是译成汉语中的“……的”。如：
He showed me the article that he had written. 他把他写的文章拿给我看。
句中的that he had written为修饰名词the article的定语从句，翻译时就可译为“他写
的文章”，其中的关系代词that在此译成了“的”字。
She was not in the train which arrived just now. 她不在刚到的那列火车上。
句中的which arrived just now为修饰名词the train的定语从句，翻译时就可译为“刚
才到的那列火车”，其中的关系代词which在此也译成了“的”字。
Sunday is the day when very few people go to work. 星期日是没什么人上班的日子。句中的when very few people go to work为修饰名词the day的定语从句，翻译时就可译为“没什么人去上班的日子”，其中的关系副词when在此也译成了“的”字。
That’s the hotel where we were staying last summer. 这就是我们去年夏天住的旅馆。句中的when very few people go to work为修饰名词the day的定语从句，翻译时就可译为“没什么人去上班的日子”，其中的关系副词when在此也译成了“的”字。
Give me one reason why we should help you. 给我举出一个我们应当帮助你的理由。句中的why we should help you为修饰名词one reason的定语从句，翻译时就可译为
“我们应当帮助你的理由”，其中的关系副词why在此也译成了“的”字。
当然，我们上面介绍的是翻译定语从句最简单同时也是最基本的方法，由于英语句子千变万化，定语从句的表现形式也灵活多样，有些含有定语从句的句子可能用此方法翻译会显得别扭，但只要掌握了这个基本的方法，再加上适当的变通，翻译定语从句也就不难了。
四、定语从句中关系代词的省略
省略关系代词最典型的情形就是当关系代词在定语从句中用作宾语的时候。在定语从句中能够用作宾语的关系代词有that, which, who, whom。如：
Those books (that) you lent me were very useful. 你借给我的那些书很有用。
句中的(that) you lent me为修饰those books的定语从句，引导定语从句的关系代词that在定语从句中用作动词lent的宾语，故可以省略。
I wore the necklace (which) my mother had left me. 我戴着我妈留给我的项链。句中的(which) my mother had left me为修饰the necklace的定语从句，引导定语从句的关系代词which在定语从句中用作动词left的宾语，故可以省略。
Do you still remember the boy (who, whom) I was going out with? 你还记得那个跟我约会的小伙子吗?
句中的(who, whom) I was going out with为修饰the boy的定语从句，引导定语从句的关系代词who / whom在定语从句中用作句尾介词with的宾语，故可以省略。
注意：我们说的关系代词的省略只限于限制性定语从句，在非限制性定语从句中，即使关系代词用作宾语也不能省略。另外，当关系代词直接用作介词后作宾语时，此时也不能省略。如：
I wanted to find someone with whom I could discuss books and music. 我想找到一个可以和我谈书和音乐的人。
此句中的关系代词which虽然也是用作宾语，但不能省略，因为它是直接跟在介词with后面作宾语。但是，如果将此句改写一下，将介词with置于句末，则可以将关系代词whom省略。如：
I wanted to find someone (whom) I could discuss books and music with. 我想找到一个可以和我谈书和音乐的人。
五、引导定语从句的主要关系代词
1. that的用法
that是所有关系代词中最常用的，它既可指人也可指物，既可用作主语也可用作宾语。如：
This is the photo (that) I took. 这就是我拍的照片。
引导定语从句的关系代词that在此指事，且在定语从句中用作宾语，故可以省略。They live in a house that was built 200 years ago. 他们住在一座两百年前盖的房子里。引导定语从句的关系代词that在此指物，且在定语从句中用作主语，故不可以省略。The man that I saw told me to come here. 我见到的人让我到这里来。
引导定语从句的关系代词that在此指人，且在定语从句中用作宾语，故可以省略。
2. who / whom的用法
关系代词who和whom均只能指人，不能指物；从理论上说，who是主格，在定语从句中用作主语；whom是宾格，在定语从句中用作宾语。但在实际运用中，除非是直接用作介词后作宾语，否则凡是用宾格whom的地方。如()：
I met someone who said he knew you. 我碰到一个人，他说认识你。
引导定语从句的关系代词who在此指人，且在定语从句中用作主语，故不可以省略。She is the girl (who, whom) you saw in school. 她就是你在学校见到的那个女
孩。关系代词在定语从句中用作宾语，从理论上说应用whom，但也可以用who；由于是用作主语，所以它们也可以省略。
注意，如果关系代词是直接用作介词后作宾语，不可以用who来代替whom。如：The girl to whom I spoke is my cousin. 我和她谈话的那个姑娘是我表妹。
句中的whom直接用在介词to的后面作宾语，故不可省略。
3. whose的用法
不要以为关系代词whose只用于指人，其实它也可以用于指事物；whose在定语从句中主要用作定语。如：
He is the man whose car was stolen. 他就是汽车被窃的人。
It was an island whose name I have forgotten. 这是一座岛，名字我忘了。
第一句中的关系代词whose指人，第二句中的关系代词whose 指物。
六、引导定语从句的主要关系副词
1. when的用法
关系副词when在定语从句中用作状语，表示时间，用以修饰表示时间的先行词；在许多情况下可以理解为“介词+which”的意思(which的意思与先行词所表示的意思等价)，其中的“介词”通常应根据先行词的含与搭配来确定。如：
1988 was the year when he was born. 1988是他的出生年。
句中的when he was born为修饰the year的定语从句，关系副词when在此相当于
in which。表示在某一年，英语习惯上用介词in，如in 1988, in 2008等，所以此处用in which。
I’ll never forget the day when I first met you. 我永远不会忘记第一次见你的那天。句中的when I first met you为修饰the day的定语从句，关系副词when在此相当于on which。表示在某一天，英语习惯上用介词on，如on that day, on Friday 等，所以此处用on which。
Don’t forget the time whe n the wedding will start. 不要忘记婚礼开始的时间。句中的when the wedding will start为修饰the time的定语从句，关系副词when 在此相当于at which。表示在某一时刻，英语习惯上用介词at，如at that time, at the moment等，所以此处用at which。
2. where的用法
关系副词where在定语从句中也是用作状语，表示地点，用以修饰表示地点的先行词；在许多情况下也可以理解为“介词+which”的意思(which的意思与先行词所表示的
意思等价)，其中的“介词”通常应根据先行词的含与搭配来确定。如：
What is the name of the town where you live? 你住的那个城市叫什么名字? 句中的where you live为修饰the town的定语从句，关系副词where在此相当于in which。表示在住在某城市，英语习惯上说明live in a city，所以此处用at which。
This cross marks the spot where she died. 这个十字符号标明她死去的地点。
句中的where she died为修饰the spot的定语从句，关系副词where在此相当于at 3.
3.why的用法
关系副词why在定语从句中也是用作状语，表示原因；why引导定语从句时，其先
行词只有一个，那就是the reason；在许多情况下why也可以理解为for which。如：These are the reasons why we do it. 这些就是我们这样做的理由。
句中的why we do it为修饰the reason的定语从句，关系副词why在此相当于
for which。
Do you know the reason why she doesn’t like me? 你知道她不喜欢我的原因吗? 句中的why she doesn’t like me为修饰the reason的定语从句，关系副词why在此相
当于for which。
whyfor which外，有时也可换成that，甚至省略。如：
篇二：英语中六大从句用法总结
英语中六大从句用法总结
1.主语从句
1）主语从句可直接位于主语的位置，如果从句较长，谓语又较短，可用it作形式
主语，而将从句放在句末。常见的句型有：
*It is a fact\a pity\a question\good news that...
*It seems\appears\happened\has turned out that...
*It is clear\important\likely\possible that...
*It is said\reported\estimated\has been proved that...
It is said that comic books create a connection between people of the same generation.
It seems that the performance is very useful.
2)what引导的主语从句表示“...的东西时”，一般不用it作形式主语。
What we lack is experience.
3)what,who,when,why,whether等词含有各自的疑问意义，但它们引导的主语从句，
都用陈述语序。
How the plan is to be carried out should be discussed again.
I did know why I felt like crying.
2.宾语从句
1）宾语从句可位于及物动词、介词和某些形容词后。连词that常可省略。介词后
一般接疑问词引导的宾语从句。in that(因为),except that(除了),but that(只是）已
构成固定搭配，其他介词后一般不接that引导的宾语从句。
*I promised that I would change the situation.
*All this is different from what American young people would say about friendship.
*He is certain that watching so much television is not good for children.
*This article is well-written except that it is a bit too long.
2)宾语从句后如有宾补，要用形式宾语it来代替，而把宾语从句移至宾补之后。He has made it clear that he would not change his mind.
3)在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词后的宾语从句中，如果谓语是否定的，一般将否定词移至主句谓语上，宾语从句则变成肯定形式。
He didn't think that the money was well spent.
3.表语从句
表语从句出现在结构为“主语+系动词+表语从句”的句子中。表语从句除可用that,what,when,why,whether,how等引导外，还可由because,as if(though)等引导。that常可省略。如主句主语为reason,只能用that引导表语从句，不可用because.
Perhaps the most important thing to remember is that there is no one common type of life in America.
The reason why so many people died there is that there were not enough food supplies.
It looks as if successful international cultural communication will make the world smaller.
4.同位语从句
同位语从句用于对前面出现的名词作进一步说明，一般用连词that引导，由于先行名词的意义不同，也可用whether,who,when,where,what,why,how等引导。常见的先行名词有
fact,idea,belief,news,hope,conclusion,evidence,suggestion,order,problem,report
,decision.有时由于谓语较短，将同位语从句位于谓语之后。
She finally made the decision that she would join the fashion show.
I had no idea how many books I could borrow at a time.
The news came that their team had won the championship.
5.定语从句
定语从句所修饰的先行词可以是名词或代词，也可以是一个句子。定语从句通常位
于先行词之后，由关系代词或关系副词引导。
*限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句修饰先行词，对先行词起修饰作用，紧接先行词之后，无逗号，若
省去，原句意思不完整。引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,that等。who,whom,whose用于指人，whose有时也可指物，相当于of which；which用于指物；
that既可指人也可指物，但只用于限制性定语从句中。关系代词除了引导定语从句，替
代先行词外，还在从句中担任主语、宾语、定语等。
The computers and cables which make up the Internet are owned by people
and organizations.
Those who live alone or who are sick may have trouble in getting close to other people.
The girl whose parents died in an accident is living with her grandmother.
1)当先行词是all,anything,everything,something,nothing等不定代词或先行词前有first,last,any,few,much,some,no,only以及形容词最高级修饰时，只能用关系代词that引导从句。That is all that I've heard from him.
He's the first person that I'm going to interview this afternoon.
2)关系代词的省略
在从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。关系代词紧跟介词，作介词宾语时不可用that，只可用which或whom引导从句，并且不可省略，但当介词位于宾语从句句末时，作为介词宾语的关系代词仍可用that，也可省略。
This is one of those things with which we have to put up.
This is one of those things (which\that) we have to put up with.
3)引导定语从句的关系副词有when,where,why等。关系副词在从句中作状语，意义上相当于一个“介词+which”的结构。
Even in comic books where(=in which) there are no words,the stories are fully expressed through the drawings.
No one knows the reason why(=for which) he was so angry that day.
5.定语从句
*非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句既可修饰先行词，也可修饰整个主句，起补充说明作用，与主句之间有逗号隔开，若省去，原句意思不受影响。不可用that引导非限制性定语从句。关系词不可省略。
Every object has a gravitational pull,which is rather like magnetism.
*“介词+which\whom\whose”引导的定语从句
“介词+which\whom\whose”可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句，该结构中介词的选择取决于从句谓语动词的固定搭配，或先行词的习惯搭配。
This is the computer on which he spent all his savings
It is written by a person with whom we are all familiar.
*as引导的定语从句
as引导的定语从句主要用于“such...as”及“the same...as”的结构中，代替先行词是人或物的名词。as引导非限制性定语从句时，代替整个主句，从句可位于主句之前、之后或中间。
These are not such problems as can be easily solved.(as代替先行词problems)
As is mentioned above,no single company or group can control what happens on the Internet.(as代替主语)
6.状语从句
*时间状语从句
引导时间状语从句的从属连词和词组有：
1）when,whenever,while,as,after,before,since,till,until,once等。
We have learnt quite a lot about it since we came here.
2)as soon as,hardly(scarcely)...when,no sooner...than,each(every)
time,the moment,immediately(that)等。
As soon as I sent an e-mail message,I received positive responses.
The moment he heard the good news,he jumped with joy.
*地点状语从句
引导地点状语从句的连词是where,wherever.
Wherever she went,she took her little daughter with her.
*原因、结果和目的状语从句
1）引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：because,as,since,now(that),seeing
that,considering that,in that等。
Considering that he is a freshman,we must say he is doing well.
2)引导结果状语从句的连词有：so...that,such...that
,so that,that,so等。
Mickey Mouse is so attractive that the children are reluctant to leave.
3)引导目的状语从句的连词有：so that,in order that,for fear that,lest等，
从句常使用may,might,can,could,would等情态动词。
We got up early this morning so that we could catch the first bus to the railway station.
*条件和让步状语从句
1）引导条件状语从句的连词和词组有if,unless,as(so) long as,on condition that,in case,provided(providing) that,supposing等。
As long as you have the right equipment,you can use a telephone line to transmit computer data.
2)引导让步状语从句的连词和词组有though,although,whether,even though,even if,no matter what(when,how...),whatever(whenever,wherever,however....)等。though,even if等引导状语从句可转换成含有as的部分倒装结构，具有强调意义。其结
构为“形容词（副词、动词、名词）+as+主语+谓语”。
No matter what you may say,I would not change my mind.
Young as he is,he is quite experienced in this work.(=though he is young) Child as he is,he can speak English fluently.(=though he is a child)
*方式状语从句
引导方式状语从句的连词有as,just as,as if,as though等。as if,as though引
导的状语从句中，谓语动词常用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反。
The young man made the experiment just as the teacher had taught him.
Everything went on as usual as if nothing had happened.
总结
从句（Subordinate Clause）是复合句中不能独立成句，但具有主语部分和谓语部分，由that、who、when等引导词（Connective）引导的非主句部分。
[编辑本段]分类
从句有主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句6类。前四类由于主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句及同位语从句在句子的功用相当于名词，所以通称名词性从句；后两类定语从句和状语从句功用相当于形容词，称为形容词性从句。状语从句还可以分为条件状语从句、原因状语从句、方位状语从句和时间状语从句。
1.主语从句（Subject Clause）：用作主语的从句叫主语从句。引导主语从句的关联词有从属连词、疑问代词、疑问副词、缩合连接代词、缩合连接副词等。
2.表语从句（Predicative Clause）：用作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大都一样。
3.宾语从句（Object Clause）：在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句.宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。
[编辑本段]宾语从句
第一部分
一.、定义：
定语从句特殊用法
定语从句中的特殊用法 定语从句是起定语作用的,修饰,说明名词,代词或句子内容的从句,被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词。引导定语从句，并在句中担任成分的词叫做关系代词或关系副词。定语从句是高考常考内容之一，使用时要尤其注意以下十种特殊用法。 一、只用that不用which的情况 1、当先行词是all, little, few, much, something,everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代词时。如：Everything that happened then was like a nightmare.当时发生的一切就像是一场噩梦。 I will tell him all that you told me at the ball.我要把你在舞会上跟我说的话全都告诉他。 2、当先行词被only, any, few, little, no, all, just, very（恰好的,表示强调）等词修饰时。例如：The only thing that we could do was to wait.我们能做的只是等待。 That’sthe very thing that we can do.那正是我们能做的事。 3、当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。例如：The first place that we visited was the Great Wall.我们参观的第一个地方是长城。 This is the best novel that I have ever read.这是我看过的最好的小说。 4、被修饰词为数词时。例如： Yesterday I caught two fishes and put them in a basin of water. Now you can see the two that are still alive.昨天我捉到了两条鱼，把它们放在一盆水里。你可以看到那两条鱼还活着呢。 5、主句是There be结构，修饰其主语的定语从句宜用that作关系代词修饰物。例句：There’sstill a room that is free.还有一个空房间。
定语从句专项知识点总结汇总
定语从句专项知识点总结汇总 - 定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，有时也可以修饰部分或整个句子。 被修饰的名词，词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。 关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which, as。 关系副词有：when, where, why, how。 关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时又可做定语从句的一个成分。当关系代词做宾语时可以省略。 定语从句中的谓语动词必须在人称上和数量上和先行词保持一致。 定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 1 关系代词引导的定语从句 1) who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you? (who/that在从句中作主语) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. (whom/that在从句中作宾语) 2) whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语，若指物，它还可以同of which互换). 例如： Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 3) which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等. 例如： A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. (which / that在句中作宾语) The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. (which / that在句中作宾语) 关系代词that和which 都可以指物，that 和Who 都可以指人，其用法区别：
英语中六大从句用法总结
英语中六大从句用法总结 1.主语从句 1）主语从句可直接位于主语的位置，如果从句较长，谓语又较短，可用it作形式主语，而将从句放在句末。常见的句型有： *It is a fact\a pity\a question\good news that... *It seems\appears\happened\has turned out that... *It is clear\important\likely\possible that... *It is said\reported\estimated\has been proved that... It is said that comic books create a connection between people of the same generation. It seems that the performance is very useful. 2)what引导的主语从句表示“...的东西时”，一般不用it作形式主语。 What we lack is experience. 3)what,who,when,why,whether等词含有各自的疑问意义，但它们引导的主语从句，都用陈述语序。 How the plan is to be carried out should be discussed again. I did know why I felt like crying. 2.宾语从句 1）宾语从句可位于及物动词、介词和某些形容词后。连词that常可省略。介词后一般接疑问词引导的宾语从句。in that(因为),except that(除了),but that(只是）已构成固定搭配，其他介词后一般不接that引导的宾语从句。 *I promised that I would change the situation. *All this is different from what American young people would say about friendship. *He is certain that watching so much television is not good for children. *This article is well-written except that it is a bit too long. 2)宾语从句后如有宾补，要用形式宾语it来代替，而把宾语从句移至宾补之后。 He has made it clear that he would not change his mind. 3)在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词后的宾语从句中，如果谓语是否定的，一般将否定词移至主句谓语上，宾语从句则变成肯定形式。 He didn't think that the money was well spent. 3.表语从句 表语从句出现在结构为“主语+系动词+表语从句”的句子中。表语从句除可用that,what,when,why,whether,how等引导外，还可由because,as if(though)等引导。that 常可省略。如主句主语为reason,只能用that引导表语从句，不可用because. Perhaps the most important thing to remember is that there is no one common type of life in America. The reason why so many people died there is that there were not enough food supplies.
定语从句及其引导词用法
一、基本概念： 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。如： Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now? That is the house where he lived ten years ago. 定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词；定语从句一般用关系代词或关系副词来引导，关系词放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作从句中的一个成分。 引导定语从句的关系代词有：that, who, whom, whose, which; 关系副词有：when, where, why. 二、关系词的用法： （一）关系代词的用法： 1．作主语用who, which和that, 如： He is the man who/that lives next door. The train which/that has just left is for Shenzhen. 2．作宾语用whom, who, which, that, 如： The man (whom/who/that) we have just seen is a famous writer. Where is the book (which/that) I bought last week? 注：在非正式文体中，用于指人的关系代词who whom, that 通常可以省略，但在正式文体中通常用whom, 不可省略；用于指物的关系代词which和that 在非正式文体中也通常省略，但在正式文体中一般不省略。 3．作定语用whose, 如： (a) He is the man whose car was stolen last week. (b) It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at that time. 注：“whose +名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语（如上a句），又能作宾语（如上b句）。whose 的先行词常用来指人，但有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概念，这时可以与of which 结构互换，词序是：“名词+of which”，如： They came to a house whose back wall had broken down.. (= the back wall of which) He’s written a book the name of which I’ve completely forgotten. (= whose name) 4．作表语只用that ，它既可以指人，也可以指物，但时常省略。如： He is no longer the man that he used to be. This is no longer the dirty place (that) it used to be. （二）关系副词的用法： 1．when 指时间，在从句中作时间状语，它的先行词通常有：time, day, morning, night, week, year 等。如： I still remember the time when I first became a college student. Do you know the date when Lincoln was born? 注：when时常可以省略，特别是在某些句型和某些时间状语中。如： Each time he came, he did his best to help us. But help never stopped coming from the day she fell ill. 2．where指地点，在从句中作地点状语。它的先行词通常有：place, spot, street, house, room,
高中英语语法定语从句总结全
高中英语定语从句详解 Ⅰ、概念: (１) 定语从句:在主从复合句中用作定语得从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词（antｅcedｅｎt)后面。 (2) 先行词:被定语从句修饰得成份。先行词可以为一个词,短语，或整个主句。 (3)引导定语从句得词叫关系词,分为关系代词与关系副词。 关系词得作用: 1) 引导定语从句，连接主句与从句,相当于一个连词; ２) 必在从句中作某个句子成份(可以做主语,宾语,表语,定语，状语) 常用得关系代词: ｔhat、wｈｉcｈ、wｈo、whom、wｈosｅ,当关系代词在定语从句中做宾语时，关系代词可以省略。 常用得关系副词(在从句中只作状语): when(时间状语）、why(原因状语)、wｈe ｒｅ（地点状语） 可以修饰人得关系代词:thａt, ｗho，wｈｏｍ,whosｅ 可以修饰事得关系代词:tｈat, whｉcｈ, as，whose, The studeｎt who answerｅd ｔhe ｑuestion was John、 Ｉkｎow thｅｒeasoｎwhy he wａｓso angｒy、 The bｏy （wｈom) ｙou are taｌkｉnｇｔo is myｂrotｈｅｒ、 Ｉ'd likｅ a ｒoｏｍwhose window fａｃesｔｈe sea、 定语从句三步： 第一找出先行词; 第二瞧先行词在定语从句中得语法功能（做主语、宾语、表语或状语); 第三选择合适得关系词。 Ⅱ、几个关系代词得基本用法: ●tｈat:可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语。(指人时,相当于whｏ或wｈｏｍ;指物时,相当于whiｃh)（一般不用于非限制性定语从句；不可置于介词后作宾语) 如: 1、A lｅtteｒthaｔ／which is wrｉtｔen in peｎcｉl is diffiｃult ｔo ｒead、（主语) 2、Do yｏu kｎｏw tｈe gentleman ｔhａｔ/ｗｈｏspoke just ｎｏw? 3、Ｙou can takｅａnything ( ｔhat)you like、(宾语) 4、Whaｔｉs thｅquestiｏｎ(ｔhat/whｉｃh) they aｒｅｔalｋing about? 5、Hｅreｉs theｍan （wｈo／whom/ｔhat) yｏu want tｏsee、 6、Ｓhe＇s no longeｒthe girl( that) sｈeｕsｅd to ｂe befｏre、（表语） 7、Ｏuｒhometｏwn iｓno ｌonger ｔhｅoｎe (thａt)it usｅｄto ｂe、(=Ｏｕr homeｔｏｗn iｓｎot tｈe sａｍe as it uｓed tｏｂe、 = Our hｏmｅtｏwn is diffeｒenｔfrom what iｔｕｓｅｄtｏｂe。 =Ouｒhometｏｗn ｉs notｗhａt it uｓed to ｂe、) ●which：指物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语。如： 1、Thｅboｏk which/thａｔwas ｏn the ｄeｓkｗａsｂought bｙｍy fatｈer、(主语) 2、Tｈｅboｏk(whiｃh/tｈaｔ) Ｉｂｏught yesteｒdaｙｉs very
英语定语从句用法总结
英语定语从句用法总结 定语从句，一个简单句跟在一名词或代词后关系代词的用法：1. 作主语用who, which和that, 如： He is the man who/that lives next door. The train which/that has just left is for Shenzhen. 2. 作宾语用whom, who, which, that, 如： The man we have just seen is a famous writer. Where is the book I bought last week? 注：在非正式文体中，用于指人的关系代词who whom, that 通常可以省略，但在正式文体中通常用whom, 不可省略;用于指物的关系代词which和that 在非正式文体中也通常省略，但在正式文体中一般不省略。 3. 作定语用whose, 如： It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at that time. 注：“whose +名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语 He’s written a book the name of which I’ve completely forgotten. 4. 作表语只用that ，它既可以指人，也可以指物，但时常省略。如： He is no longer the man that he used to be.
This is no longer the dirty place we met yesterday. 3. why指原因或理由，它的先行词只有reason。如： That is the reason why he is leaving so soon. 注：why时常也可以省略。如： That is the real reason he did it. + which; where = in he arrived. The office where he works is on the third floor. This is the chief reason why we did it. 2. 当先行词是表时间的time, day等和表地点的place, house等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或 宾语时，关系词应该用which或that, 缺少时间状语或地点 状语时，才能用when或where，试比较： I’ll never forget the day when my hometown was liberated. I’ll never forget the days which/that we spent together last summer. His father works in a factory where radio parts are made. His father works in a factory which/that makes radio parts. 3. when和where既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导 非限制性定语从句。而why 只
高中英语定语从句用法归纳
定语从句用法归纳Oct 26, 2011初稿 Nov 11,2019 再审 这是经过多轮教学整理而成，后面附带了高考原题作为例子。 引导词： 关系代词who，whom，which，that，whose，as，在从句内，作主语宾语等名词性成分。关系副词：when，where，why在从句内，作状语。 一. who, whom, which 1. who This is the boy who plays basketball very well. This is the teacher who is teaching us English. 结论: who 指人, 在从句中作主语。 2. whom This is the boy (whom) I often help. The man is our headmaster (whom) you met just now. I met the girl (whom) you often praise. 结论: whom 指人,在从句中作宾语, 可省。 3. which This is the farm which keeps many cows. This is the farm (which ) I visit every year. 结论: which 指事物, 在从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可省。 补充：
以上三种情况均可用that。指人,指物，可作主语和宾语，作宾语时可省略。 二. 运用whose的定语从句 Do you know the girl whose father is mayor. I used to work in an office whose window faces north. I work in a school whose students are excellent. 结论： whose 指人或物，表示“某人的”或“某物的”。 三. 只能用that 引导定语从句的情况 (1)先行词为不定代词all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much I will do all (that) I can to help you. Parents try to offer everything (that) children need. There is not much (that) I can do here. (2) 先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。 This is the first English novel (that) I have ever read. This is the last lesson (that) I will give you. This is the best film (that) I have ever seen. (3) 先行词被the only, the very 修饰时。 This is the only thing (that) I can do for you. This is the very book (that) I am looking for. (4) 人和物同时作先行词时。 We talked about the things and people (that) we saw in the foreign country. (5) 避免重复：who / which 开头的疑问句。 Who is the man that is standing over there? Which is the book (that) you want to borrow? (6) 当引导词在定语从句中作表语时，引导词也可省略。
定语从句用法讲解
高中定语从句详解与练习 （一）定义及相关术语 1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。 2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有when, where, why等。 关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。例如： The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 该句中， who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句，修饰先行词the man，“who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。 （二）关系代词引导的定语从句 1．who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。 The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. 想 去博物馆的人必须在明晨7点到大门口集合。 Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way. 昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 那就是教我们物理的老师。2．whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。 Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus. 刘先生就是你们在公共汽车 上谈论的那个人。 Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see. 李明正是我想要见的男孩。 The professor ( whom ) you are waiting for has come. 你正在等的教授已经来了。 The girl ( whom ) the teacher often praises is our monitor. 老师经常表扬的那个女孩是我 们的班长。 注意：关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替，也可省略。 The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend. 3．Which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。 Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。 The factory which makes computers is far away from here. 制造计算机的那家公司离这儿很远。 He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers. 他喜欢外国作家写的书。 The house which is by the lake looks nice. 湖边的那幢房子看上去很漂亮。 This is the pen ( which ) he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天买的钢笔。 The film ( which ) they went to see last night was not interesting at all. 他们昨晚看的电影一点意思也没有。 4．That 指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。
高中英语定语从句知识点归纳
定语从句的连接词不可以用what． 关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等； 关系副词有where, when, why等。 二.关系代词引导的定语从句 指人，在从句中做主语 (1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One. … (2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way. 2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。 (1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus. (2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see. 注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。 (3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend. / 3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略 (1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. (2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。 (5) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million. (6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning @ 5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语 (1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor. (2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in. whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替 (3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. (4) The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. (5) Do you like the book whose cover is yellow (6) Do you like the book the color of which is yellow ^ 三.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关系代词引导 (1) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous. (2) The school in which he once studied is very famous. (3) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for. (4) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked. (5) We”ll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/wh o) we have often talked about. "
定语从句用法总结
定语从句用法总结 一.定义：定语由一个句子来充当，那么这个句子就叫做定语从句。 eg: The old town has narrow streets and small houses that are built close to each other.其中划线部分为定语从句。 二.分类：分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，还有间隔性定语从句。 eg: is the school (that/which)we visited last year. （限制性定语从句） weather turned out to be very good,which was more than we could expect. （非限制性定语从句） days are gone when physical strength was all you needed to make a living.（间隔性定语从句） ] 注：定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别 限制性定语从句无逗号隔开、不可缺少、起修饰限制作用；而非限制性定语从句有逗号隔开、可有可无、起补充说明作用。 三.构成：定语从句有先行词、引导词和从句构成。 先行词是定语从句所修饰限制的名词或代词。 引导词是用来引导定语从句的关系代词或关系副词。 eg: The old town has narrow streets and small houses that are built close to each other. 此句中先行词为：narrow streets and small houses, ( 引导词为：that，定语从句为：that are built close to each other 四．基本原则 定语从句中不能出现与先行词在意义上相一致的词 is the book that I like it best .(it 与book指同一物，所以要去掉。) 五．定语从句中常见考点：
定语从句用法归纳完整版
定语从句用法归纳标准化管理处编码[BBX968T-XBB8968-NNJ668-MM9N]
定语从句用法归纳 篇一：定语从句的用法一、定语从句的有关概念所谓定语从句，就是在复合句中起定语作用以修饰主句中的名词或代词的从句。学习定语从句，首先要弄清两个重要概念——先行词和关系词。先行词是我们汉语中从来没有听过的一个新概念，它其实指的就是被定语从句所修饰的词。由于定语从句修饰名词或代词时，定语从句通常是后置的，所以人们就将放在定语从句前被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。 那什么是关系词呢其实它就是用于引导定语从句的引导词。事实上，英语中的各类从句，不管性质如何，它们都需要有一个词来“引导”，正如人们给引导状语从句的词语取了个名字叫从属连词一样，人们也给引导定语从句的词语取了个名字，叫它关系词，因为它通常被放在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用，以表明两者之间的修饰关系，同时它还在定语从句中充当一定的句子成分。二、定语从句中关系词与所修饰先行词的关系 为了更好地理解定语从句，我们还有必要研究一下关系词与先行词之间的关系。但在研究这种关系之前，我们先来看看关系词有哪些。根据关系词在定语从句中的作用，我们可以将关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种。所谓关系代词就是指起代词作用的关系词，它们在引导定语从句的同时，还在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、宾语等，英语中比较常用的关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose等。类似地，关系副词就是指起副词作用的关系词，它们在引导定语从句的同时，还在定语从句中充当状语等，英语中比较常用的关系副词只有三个，即when, where和why。许多初学定语从句的人弄不清关系词与先行词之间到底是什么关系。其实啊，关系词与先行词之间的关系很简单，简单得可以划一个等号。因为，关系词的含义在本质上等价于先行词，它与先行词指的就是同一个人或同一个事物。为便于理解，下面我们来看几个例子吧。I know the man who lives next door. 我认识住在隔壁的那个人。这是一个含有定语从句的复合句。句中的the man为先行词，who lives next door为修饰the man的定语从句；在定语从句中，who是关系词，它在定语从句中用作主语，从意义上说，它在
(完整word版)英语定语从句用法详解
英语定语从句用法详解 在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的有关系代词who, whom, whose, which, that等和关系副词where, when, why等，关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成份。 1.由who引导的定语从句中，who用作主语，如：This is the boy who often helps me. 2.由whom引导的定语从句中，whom用作宾语，如：The man whom you are waiting for has gone home. 3.由whose引导的定语从句中，whose用作定语，如：Do you know the girl whose skirt is white? 4.由which引导的定语从句中，which用作主语或谓语动词的宾语或介词的宾语，如： The room in which there is a machine is a work shop. The river which is in front of my house is very clean. This is the pen which you want. 注意： (1)whom, which用作介词宾语时，介词可放在whom、which之前，也可放在从句原来的位置上；但在含有介词的动词固定词组中，介词只能放在原来的位置上。如：He is the very person whom we must take good care of. (2)引导非限制性定语从句时，必须用关系代词which，不用that,如：I have lost my bag, which I like very much. (3)关系代词在句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词保持一致。 5.由that引导的定语从句中，that可以指人或物，在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语，但不能放在介词后面作介词宾语，如： The book that I bought yesterday was written by Lu Xun. 注意在下面几种情况下必须用that引导定语从句。 (1)先行词是不定代词all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything等，如： All that we have to do is to practise English. (2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，如 The first letter that I got from him will be kept. (3)先行词被all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some等修饰，如 I've eaten up all the food that you gave me. (4)先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时如 He is the only person that I want to talk with. (5)先行词既有人又有物时，如: They talked about persons and things that they met. (6)当句中已有who时，为避免重复，如：Who is the man that is giving us the class? 6.由when, where, why引导的定语从句，如: I don't know the reason why he was late. This is the place where we have lived for 5 years. I'll never forget the day when I met Mr Li for the first time. 注意：先行词是表示地点时，如果从句的谓语动词是及物的，就用that(which)，如果从句的谓语动词是不及物的，就用where引导。This is the house Which /that he has lived in for 15 years.(Where he has lived for 15 year.)
英语六大从句用法总结
英语中六大从句用法总结 从句是指用于复合句中担当某个句子成分的主谓结构。虽说从句自身的句子结构是完整的，但是它不能视为独立的句子，因为它离开了主语就无法独立、完整地表达意思。按其所能表达的意义而言,它相当于一个词或是一个词组. 按从句的句子功能划分（也就是按从句在句子中所担任的成分来划分），从句可分为：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句。 1.主语从句 1）主语从句可直接位于主语的位置，如果从句较长，谓语又较短，可用it作形式主语，而将从句放在句末。常见的句型有： *It is a fact\a pity\a question\good news that... *It seems\appears\happened\has turned out that... *It is clear\important\likely\possible that... *It is said\reported\estimated\has been proved that... It is said that comic books create a connection between people of the same generation. It seems that the performance is very useful. 2)what引导的主语从句表示“...的东西时”，一般不用it作形式主语。 What we lack is experience. 3)what,who,when,why,whether等词含有各自的疑问意义，但它们引导的主语从句，都用陈述语序。 How the plan is to be carried out should be discussed again. I did know why I felt like crying. 2.宾语从句 1）宾语从句可位于及物动词、介词和某些形容词后。连词that常可省略。介词后一般接疑问词引导的宾语从句。in that(因为),except that(除了),but that(只是）已构成固定搭配，其他介词后一般不接that引导的宾语从句。 *I promised that I would change the situation. *All this is different from what American young people would say about friendship. *He is certain that watching so much television is not good for children. *This article is well-written except that it is a bit too long. 2)宾语从句后如有宾补，要用形式宾语it来代替，而把宾语从句移至宾补之后。 He has made it clear that he would not change his mind. 3)在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词后的宾语从句中，如果谓语是否定的，一般将否定词移至主句谓语上，宾语从句则变成肯定形式。 He didn't think that the money was well spent. 3.表语从句 表语从句出现在结构为“主语+系动词+表语从句”的句子中。表语从句除可用that,what,when,why,whether,how等引导外，还可由because,as if(though)等引导。that常可省略。如主句主语为reason,只能用that引导表语从句，不可用because.
定语从句用法归纳
定语从句用法归纳 定语从句由关系代词who、whom、whose、which、what、as和关系副词where、when、why等引导，但须记住： 1.what不能引导定语从句. 2.关系词的分析须考虑它在定语从句中的成分。 一.指人的关系代词有who、whose、whom、that. 试分析： the old man who/whom /that we visited yesterday is a famous artist. miss wang is taking care of the child whose parents have gone to beijing . the man with whom my father shook hands just now is our headmaster. （=the man who/whom that my father shook hands with just now is our headmaster.） 注： ?指人时有时只用who不宜用that。 1．先行词为one、ones或anyone （1）the comrade i want to learn from is the one who studies hard and works hard. （2）anyone who breaks the law should be punished. 2．先行词为these时 these who are going to beijing are the best students of our school. 3．在there be 开头的句子中 there is a student who wants to see you. 4．一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that，另一个宜用who，以免重复。 the student that won the first prize is the monitor who works hards. 5．在非限制性定语从句中 i met a friend of mine in the street, who had just come from japan. b．主句以who开头的句子中,只用that,不用who。 二．指物的关系代词有which、whose(=of which)、that. 试分析： 1.i like the books which / that were written by lu xun. 2.the desks (which/that) we made last year were very good. 3.this is the house in which we lived last year. (= this is the house which /that we lived in last year.) 4.i live in the room whose windows face south. (= i live in the room ,the windows of which face south.) 注： a. 介词如果位于作为其宾语的关系代词之前时，只能用whom、which不能用who或that. (1). the girl about whom they were talking is our monitor. (2). the book in which there are many interesting things was written by li ming. b. 部分短语动词中的介词不可与动词拆开，在定语从句中其介词不可前置，只能放在其动词后。 is this the book which she is looking for? the old man who/whom they are waiting for is professor li. the child who/whom she is looking after is wang ping’s son. c．指物时，下列情况下只能用that ，不宜用which。 （1）先行词为不定代词，如all、much、anything、everything、nothing、something、none、the one等。