非谓语动词——ving

【高考复习】——非谓语动词-动词的-ing形式

一、构成形式及其含义

1．-ing 分词一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生。But，具有名词特点时（多指作宾语时），则没有时间先后的意味。

【例】He sat there reading the text．

他坐在那里读课文。(reading和sat同时发生)

I enjoyed playing basketball．（playing完全被名词化了，作宾语)）

我喜欢打篮球。

I insist on going there．

我坚持去那儿。(going 完全被名词化了，作宾语)

Excuse me for coming late for class．(coming完全被名词化了，作宾语)

请原谅我上课迟到了。

2．ing 分词的完成式所表示的动作早于谓语动词。如：

【例】The teacher was surprised at his having finished his homework so soon．

老师真没想到他如此迅速地做完作业。(完成作业早于was surprised)

Having lived in Beijing for many years, she knows the city well．

因为在北京住了多年，所以她对这个城市很熟悉。（Having lived早于knows）

1．一般式的被动语态表示一个被动的，正在进行的，或者是与谓语动作同时的动作。

The building being built is our library．

正在建的那栋楼是我们的图书馆。

（being built和building是动宾关系，且说话时正在进行build）

The question being discussed is of great importance．

正在讨论的问题是非常重要的。

2．完成式的被动语态表示一个被动的，早于谓语的动作。

Having been told many times，he still did not know how to do it．

(人家)已经告诉他多少次了，他还是不知道怎么做。

Having been translated into Chinese, the book can be read by more people．被译成汉语了，这本书就能有更多的读者了。

（Having been translated和book是被动的，且早于read）

二、ing分词的用法

Seeing is believing．

百闻不如一见。

Swimming is the best exercise in summer．

在夏天，游泳是最好的锻炼方式。

【同】ing分词和不定式都可以作主语，一般可以互换。

【异】ing分词作主语往往表示一般或抽象的习惯性的行为，

不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。

【例】Smoking is prohibited here．

这里禁止抽烟。(泛指任何人的抽烟)

To smoke so much is not very good for you．

你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体所指

)

The real problem is getting to know the difficulties of the students．现实的问题是了解学生的困难。

Her job is looking after the children．

她的工作是照看孩子们。

【同】ing分词和不定式都可以作表语。

【异】表示比较抽象的一般的行为时，多用ing分词；

表示某次具体的动作或具有将来时的意义时，多用不定式

【例】My job is teaching English．

我的工作是教英语。

My today’s job is to teach you how to stud y English．

我今天的任务是教你如何学英语。

★注意：ing分词作表语时不可与进行时态相混淆。进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。ing分词做表语，说明主语的性质或情况，试比较：

He is collecting stamps．

他在集邮。(现在进行时)

His hobby is collecting stamps．

他的爱好是集邮。(ing分词)

（1）作动词宾语

①必须以ing分词作宾语的动词有：

admit(承认) appreciate(感激) avoid(避免) consider(考虑) delay(耽搁) deny(否认) endure(忍耐)

enjoy(喜欢) escape(逃避) excuse(原谅) fancy(想象) finish(完成) forbid(严禁) imagine(想象)

mind(介意) miss(错过) permit(允许) postpone(推迟) practice(练习) quit(放弃) regret(后悔)

report(报道) require(需要) resent(愤恨) risk(冒……危险) stop(停止) suggest(建议)

【例】We’d better postpone discussing it till next week．

我们最好把这事推迟到下星期讨论。

The girl avoided giving her any personal information．

这个女孩拒绝告诉她的任何个人情况。

②常见的要求跟ing分词作宾语的动词短语

be fond of(喜欢) can’t help(禁不住) c an’t stand(无法忍受)

feel like(想要) give up(放弃) keep on(继续)

insist on(坚持) put off(推迟) 如：

【例】She couldn’t help thinking about the matter．

她不由自主地要想那件事。

He is fond of playing football．

他喜欢踢足球。

He gave up smoking on medical advice．

遵从医嘱，他戒烟了。

③有些及物动词既可跟ing 分词也可跟不定式作宾语，如：

attempt(试图) begin(开始) can’t bear(忍不住) cease(停止) continue (继续)

deserve(值得) hate(痛恨) intend(打算) learn(学习)

like(喜欢) love(喜欢) prefer(宁愿) need(需要)

neglect(疏忽) propose(建议) start(开始) continue (继续) 等。

两者区别不是很大，ing分词所表示的动作，在意义上比较一般和抽象，时间观念不强，不指某一次动作；动词不定式则常表示具体的动作，有将来时的意思。

【例】The boys like playing football．

这些男孩们喜欢踢足球。(经常性的动作)

Would you like to play football with us this Sunday?

这个周日愿意和我们一起踢球吗? (指一次的动作

④在动词need，require，want作―需要‖解时，其后须跟ing分词或不定式的被动语态作宾语，

但这时ing分词的主动式表示被动的意义。如：

【例】The window needs (requires，wants)cleaning(to be cleaned)．

这个窗户需要清洗。

⑤在remember(记得) forget(忘记) stop(停止) mean(意味，想要) regret(懊悔) try(尝试) go on(继续)等动词后接ing分词与不定式区别较大。如：

【例】I remember reading the book．

我记得读过这本书。(记得做过某事(已做))

I must remember to read the book．

我必须记得去读这本书。(记住将做某事)

The old lady forgot telling us the story and told us a second time．

那个老太太忘记给我们讲过这个故事，她又讲了一遍。

(忘记做过某事(此事已做过))

I forgot to lock the door this morning．今天早晨我忘记锁门了。

(忘记要去做某事(此事未做))

Though they were all tired，they wouldn’t stop working．

虽然他们都很累了，但是他们也不肯停止工作。(停止正在或经常做的事)

After walking a long time，he stopped to have a rest．

走了好长时间之后，他停下来休息。(停止某事，目的是去做另一件事)

Missing the train means waiting for another hour．

误了这趟火车意味着再等一个小时。(意味着)

I mean to come early today．

我打算今天早些来。(打算．有意要……)

He regretted saying that to her face．

他后悔当她面说那番话。(对做过的事遗憾．后悔)

I regret to tell you that I won’t go with you．

我很遗憾地告诉你，我不能和你一起去。(对将要做的事遗憾)

Why not try knocking at the back door, when nobody hears you at the front．

当前门没人听见敲门时，为什么不试试敲后门。(试验，试一试某种方法)

He’ll try to improve his spoken English．

他要设法提高他的英语口语。(努力．企图做某事)

They went on working after dark．

天黑之后，他们继续工作。(继续(原先没有做完的事情))

After finishing the letter，he went on to read a book．

写完信后，他接着读书。(继而(去做另外一件事情))

（2）作介词宾语

【例】He is against dancing all night

他反对通宵跳舞。

The college is a new type of college for training excellent students．

这所大学是新型的培养优秀学生的大学。

Through traveling，he became very well-informed．

他通过旅游增长了许多见识。

★注意：下列短语中的―to‖是介词，而不是不定式符号，因此后面须接ing分词形式．

in addition to(除外) admit to(承认) devote oneself to(献身于) be equal to(能胜任) be familiar to(为……熟悉) find one’s way to(设法到达) get down to(着手做)

give way to (对……让步) give one’s mind to(专心于) keep to(坚持) turn to(求助于)

look up to(尊敬) lead to(导致) look forward to(期望)

object to(反对) be opposed to(反对) pay attention to(注意)

point to(指向) be reduced to(沦为) give rise to(使……发生)

stick to(坚持) stand up to(勇敢面对) be sentenced to(被判刑)

see to(注意处理，照料) be used to(习惯于) trust to (依靠)

【例】He is used to working on the night shift．

他已习惯了上夜班。

We’re so much looking forward to seeing you again．

我们非常盼望再见到你。

常跟ing分词作宾补的动词有：

have(让，使) keep(使处于某状态) get(使得)

see(看见) hear(听见) find(发现)

feel(感觉到) leave(使处于某状态) make(使)

want(想要) start(引起) notice(注意到)

observe(观察) watch(注视) set(使处于某状态)等等。如：

【例】He kept the machine running for ten hours．

他使机器一直运转了十个小时。

We saw her entering the cinema．

我们看见她进了电影院。

★注意：

①ing分词作宾补与不定式作宾补在意义上是有差别的。前者表示动作正在发生(即处于发生的过程中，

还没有结束)；后者着重说明动作的全过程，表示动作发生了(即动作全过程结束了)。如：

I saw the girl getting on the bus．我看见她在上公共汽车。

I saw the girl get on the bus．我看见她上公共汽车了。

I saw him coming downstairs．(=I saw that he was coming downstairs．)

I saw him come downstairs．(=He came downstairs and I saw it．)

②如果宾语补足语是一系列动作，要用不定式。如：

I saw him enter the room，unlock a drawer，take out a document，photograph it and put it back．

我看见他进了房间，开了一个抽屉的锁，拿出一份文件，拍了照片，又把它放回。

单独一个分词作定语通常放在被修饰词的前面，分词短语作定语应放在被修饰词的后面，相当于一个

定语从句。

(1) 单个ing分词作定语

smiling faces笑脸 a disappointing boy一个令人失望的男孩

the girl standing at the schoo1 gate站在校门口的那个女孩

(2) 现在分词表示正在进行的动作(改为定语从句时需用进行时)。

【例】The man sitting at the desk(=who was sitting at the desk)stood up and said ―Good-bye‖ to me．

坐在桌旁的那位男人站起来向我告别。

Tell the children playing(=who are playing)there not to make so much noise．

让那些在那儿玩的孩子们别这么吵。

Did you see the man talking (=who was talking)to the headmaster?

和校长谈话的那个人你看见了吗?

(3) 现在分词表示经常性动作或现在(或当时)的状态。(改为定语从句时用一般时)

【例】He lives in a room facing(that faces)the south．

他住在一间朝南的房间里。

The building standing(=that stands)at the corner of the street was built in 1986．

大街拐角地方的那座大楼是1986年修建的。

★注意：

以下情况一般不宜用现在分词短语作定语，即下列句中的定语从句就不能改为现在分词短语。

Those who have finished their homework can go home now．

做完作业的人可以回家。

Is there anyone who can answer this question?

有谁能回答这个问题吗?

This is the man who has written three books．

这就是写了三本书的那个人。

ing分词作状语其逻辑主语必须是句子主语。

(1)作时间状语(=时间状语从句)

Entering the classroom(=When I entered the classroom)，I heard the students reading English aloud．

走进教室，我听见学生朗读英语。

Having closed the windows(=After he had closed the window)，he went out of the classroom．

关上窗后，他走出教室。

While crossing the street(=While you cross the street), you must be careful．

当你横过马路时，一定要小心。

(2)作原因状语(=原因状语从句)

Not knowing what to do(=As she did not know what to do)，she went to the teacher for help．不知道该干什么，她去找老师帮忙。

Being a young man(=As he is a young man)，he is always ready to help others．作为青年人，他总是乐意帮助别人。

(3)作条件状语(=条件状语从句)

Working hard(=If you work hard)，you will succeed．努力工作，你就会成功。

Being ill(=Because he was ill), he didn’t go to school yesterday．

他由于病了，昨天就没去上学。

(4)作让步状语(=让步状语从句)

Admitting what you said, I still think that you made a mistake．

(=Although I admitted what you said，…)

尽管我承认你所说的话，我仍然认为你犯了错误。

(5)作伴随状语，和谓语动词的动作同时发生，用以补充说明主语正在进行的另一动作，这种分词短语不能用状语从句代替，但可以改成并列谓语。

The English teacher stood in front of the blackboard，teaching us English．

(=The English teacher stood in front of the blackboard and taught us English)

英语老师站在黑板前教我们英语。

He stood at the school gate waiting （=and waited）for the teacher．

他站在校门口等教师。

Tom fell off the bike, cutting (=and cut)his leg．汤姆从自行车上摔下，划破了腿。

(6)有些表示说话人态度的分词结构已成为固定用语，不遵循其逻辑主语与句子主语一致的原则。Judging from the report，the damage was not serious．

从这份报告判断，损失不是很严重。

Generally speaking，the living costs are usually high in cities．

一般说来，生活费用在城市通常很高。

Talking of the world resources，they are very limited．

谈到世界资源，它们是非常有限的。

三、分词的否定形式

ing分词的否定形式由―not‖+ing分词构成。如：

Not knowing where to go, she went to the police for help．

Not having heard from his son for a long time, she wrote another letter to him．

四、【高考演练】

1．(2012西城期末26)In 2010, Forbes listed Mickey Mouse as the world’s most valuable cartoon character, ____$5．8billion a year in sales worldwide．

A．masw B．to make C．makes D．making

2．(2012西城期末28)No one can walk the wire in the air without a bit of fear unless___very young．A．having trained B．trained C．to be trained D．being Trained

3．(2012西城期末32)—What will today’s talk be about?

--In the lecture____, the professor will tell us something about modern English usage．

A．following B．followed C．to follow D．to be followed

4．(2012西城一模23) 23．Many things such as going abroad and owning a car, ____ impossible in the past, are now very common．

A．being considered B．to be considered

C．considering D．considered

5．(2012西城一模27) 27．The tea house situated near platform 6 is now offering free cups of tea to those ____ for the Xi'an train．

A．waiting B．wait C．to wait D．waited

6．(2012西城二模24) 24．_____ power, turn off the hot water after you are done showering．

A．Save B．Saving C．Saved D．To save

7．(2012西城二模29) 29．A person, when ______, can often do what is normally beyond his ability．A．challenged B．challenges C．challenging D．to challenge

8．(2012西城二模31) 31．_____ this advertisement several times, I decided to apply for the marketing manager position．

A．Read B．Reading C．To read D．Having read

9．(2012海淀期末26)Chinadaily．com．cn is the largest English portal site in China,___news,business information and learning materials．

A．to provide B．providing C．provided D．provide

10．(2012海淀期末31)Napoleon is famously said ____,‖When China wakes, it will shake the world．‖A．to declare B．declaring C．to have declared D．having declared 11．(2012海淀期末33)I had a busy and tiring weekend because ____the house for the Christmas cose me the whole morning ．

A．decorating B．to decorate C．decorated D．decorate

12．(2012海淀一模26) 26．Some seemingly harmless blogs might become harmful when ______ on the Internet by millions of people．

A．to read B．reading C．read D．being read

13．(2012海淀一模34) 34．______ the housing price, several measures have been adopted in the last two years．A．Lowering B．Having lowered C．To lower D．To have lowered 14．(2012海淀二模23) 23．The average Facebook user in the United States has 245 friends, according to a study ______ in February．

A．publishing B．published C．publish D．to publish 15．(2012海淀二模28) 28．She came to Beijing on April 28, _____ Mayday's concert in the Bird’s Nest．A．to expect B．expecting C．expected D．expect

16．（2007北京高考28）28．---Excuse me sir,where is Room 301?

---Just a minute．I’ll have Bob ____you to your room．

A．show B．shows C．to show D．showing

17．（2008北京高考24）24．______ that she was going off to sleep, I asked if she’d like that little doll on her

bed．

A．Seeing B．To see C．See D．Seen

18．（2008北京高考31）31．–Did the book give the information you needed?

–Yes．But _____ it, I had to read the entire book．

A．to find B．find C．to finding D．finding

19．（2008北京高考32）32．I feel greatly honored ____ into their society．

A．to welcome B．welcoming C．to be welcomed D．welcomed

20．（2008北京高考35）35．It is worth considering what makes ―convenience‖ foods so popular, and ____ better ones of your own．

A．introduces B．to introduce C．introducing D．introduced

21．（2009北京高考34）34．The topic, we devoted a full discussion, is to be presented to our teacher at class．

A．which B．where C．to which D．for which

22．（2009北京高考28）28．The flowers sweet in the garden attracted the visitors to the beauty of nature．

A．smell B．smelt C．smelling D．to be smelt

23．（2009北京高考24）24．With the speedup of the railway, now you can get to your destination by train．A．fast B．faster C．fastest D．the fastest

24．（2010北京高考25）25．I'm calling to enquire about the position in yesterday's China Daily．A．advertised B．to be advertised C．advertising D．having advertised 25．（2010北京高考21）21．at my classmates' faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes．A．Looking B．Look C．To look D．Looked

26．（2011北京高考33）33．Sit down, Emma．You will only make yourself more tired, on you feet．A．to keep B．keeping C．having kept D．to have kept 27．（2011北京高考25）25．It’s important for the figures regularly．

A．to be updated B．to have been updated C．to update D．to have updated 28．（2012北京高考27）27．_______ with care, one tin will last for six weeks．

A．Use B．Using C．Used D．To use

29．（2012北京高考23）23．One learns a language by making mistakes and ______ them．

A．corrects B．correct C．to correct D．correcting 30．（2012北京高考32）Bird singing is sometimes warning to other birds ___away．A．to stay B．staying C．stayed D．stay

非谓语动词知识点梳理及经典练习(超详细)

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