2013届高考英语语法专题复习经典讲义过去分词归纳
2013届高考英语语法专题复习经典讲义过去分词归纳
i．形式和性质：
1．过去分词只有一种形式，即v-ed。没有所谓的“一般体”“进行体”与“完成体”之分。过去分词也没有“主动式”与“被动式”之称谓。
2．过去分词一般有以下特征：
2．1 被动性：过去分词的逻辑主语是分词动作的承受者（receiver）, 而不是发出者（doer）。2．2 完成性：与句中另一个动作、另一个时间或句子产生的时间相比，分词的动作往往先已发生。
〖分析〗1. the injured man （=the man who had been injured）was sent to hospital without delay.
2. this is the book borrowed (= which was borrowed) from the school library last week.
3. done in a hurry(because it had been done in a hurry), tom's homework was full of mistakes and errors. 〖例外〗1. 在使役动词后作宾补的过去分词和带有将来时间状语的分词不具完成性。如：i'll have my house enlarged.
the car repaired this afternoon belongs to one of my friends.
2. 一些不及物动词的过去分词作定语时，不具被动性。
an old man was collecting the fallen leaves in the yard.
the police were searching for the escaped man.
ii. 句法功能
1. 主语
过去分词前加上定冠词可用作主语，表示一个类别的人（事物）。如：
the accused have been acquitted.
the wounded were left hidden in that village .
这种用法时，谓语一般用复数动词，但在上下文明确时也可能用于指一类中的个别，用单数动词。如： the deceased is his father.
the wounded is a policeman.
2. 宾语
过去分词前加上定冠词可用作宾语，也表示一个类别的人（事物）。如：
everyone in our society should respect and help the disabled.
listen to the voice of the oppressed .
3．表语
the boys were astonished.
the door remained locked.
they seemed worried.
he is wel l known to us all.
4．定语
4.1 前置定语由单个分词充当
the broken glass is still lying on the table.
the frightened girl was trembling when the police arrived.
this sort of people seems not to be able to live in the ch anged wo rld.
he only collects used stamps.
this phrase is often used in spoken english.
a grown boy is a boy who has physically and mentally grown up.
the risen sun is the sun that has risen high.
that was a man-made satellite.
he sent they his newly-invented devices.
4.2 后置定语由分词短语充当
she was reading a novel written by dickens.
he works and lives in a school surrounded by green trees.
the people trapped in the big fire were rescued by the firefighters with a helicopter.
the radio bought in your shop doesn't work well.
the braille is a language used for the blind.
偶尔也有单个分词作后置定语的情况。如：
things seen are mightier than things heard.
有时单个分词作前置定语与作后置定语的意义不同。如：
the car used was a stolen one. (the car which was used at the time…)
the used car was still in the garage.( the old car which didn't wo rk well… )
5．宾补
5.1 在感觉/ 知动词后：see, look at, observe, hear, listen to, think, find, imagine, feel, watch等。
we found him greatly changed.
everyone thought the battle lost except the general.
he felt himself carried onto a carriage .
i have never heard a single french word spoken before.
the worst part was watching her wheeled away to an operating theatre while we waited and stared at the walls. (collins gp1:verbs, p.308)
5.2 在使役动词后：make, have, get, keep, leave等。
he tried to make yourself understood in his broken english.
i had my bad tooth pulled out yesterday.
last month the family got a new house built.
it's very important for you to keep your parents informed of your situation.
he left the food untouched and went out.
5.3在意愿动词后：like, need, want, order, wish等。
he won't like the problem discussed at the meeting.
they were arrested by immigration officials on monday just hours after a high court judge had ordered them freed from detention. (collins gp1:verbs, p.306)
she came into the shop with a package saying: "i don't need it changed, only re-wrapped."
the king ordered the magic cloth woven at once.
i want the case investigated further to make every detail clear.
6．状语
6.1 方式和伴随情况( of manner or accompaniment )
he walked around outside, disturbed by the news.
the teacher went out, followed by some pupils.
the old man sat on the chair, lost in thought.
three large men rushed out of the house, armed with guns and knives.
supported by a girl, the old lady got off the bus.
表示方式的as if 和as though 可与过去分词连用。如：
he walked back as if hurt in t he leg.
6.2 条件(of condition)
heated to a high temperature, water changes into vapor.
given more time, we could do it better.
criticized by someone else, she could not have got so angry.
painted white, the house will appear nicer.
表示条件的过去分词可与连词if 和unless 连用。
i will not go to tom's party unless invited.
i'll tell everything to the police if questioned about that.
6.3原因和理由(of reason or cause)
done in a hurry, tom's exercise was full of mistakes.
made of glass, the test tubes are easy to break.
wounded badly, he was sent to hospital.
tired with the trip, they went to bed early.
shocked by the sudden attack of the german army, the poland government was at a loss what to do.
表示原因的分词没有相应的连词可用。但有人认为si nce 有时可以接v-ed分词。
6.4 时间(of time)
dismissed by the boss of the hotel, john never got a job.
questioned by the police, the man was very much afraid.
carried towards the hospital the victim died from bleeding too much.
表示时间的分词可以与when, while, once, whenever，until 等连词连用，以使意义更为明确。
when asked by the teacher, he stood up and made no answer.
i'll never speak to jack until spoken to first.
once recognized, we can not avoid being caught.
whenever needed, i will come to your help.
the necklace must be returned to you whenever found.
6.5 让步（of concession）
badly wounded in the leg, the soldier refused to withdraw.
protected by 3 fences, robinson crusoe still felt unsafe.
表示让步的分词可与though, although 和even if / though 连用。如：
though surrounded for 5 days, our soldiers were not discouraged.
even if not invited, he went along to the evening party.
6.6 地点（of place）
过去分词只有与w here或wherever连用，才可以表示地点。
rats should be killed wherever found.
young students should go and work where needed.
iii. 过去分词在独立结构中的使用
our house painted white, we like it better .
all things considered, they set to work.
the key to the house left in the office, he had to fetch it.
the conference finished, mr. brown hurried home directly
2012届高考英语语法专题复习动词的-ing形式和不定式的用法
基础考点汇总：
1.动词-ing形式在句中可以做主语、表语、定语、宾语、状语和宾补。具体用法参看课本p108.
2. 动词不定式在句中除了不能做谓语外，可以充当任何成分。具体用法参看课本p108.
根据提示完成下列句子。
1. — what do you think made mary so upset？
—__________ her new bicycle．(lose)
2. ________ new words is very useful to me. 学习生词对我很有用。
3. would you mind ______________________? 打开窗户好吗？
4. ___________the good news, he jumped with joy. 听到这个好消息，他高兴得跳了起来。
5. ___________________this, the woman scientist expressed her satisfaction. 听到这一点，那位女科学家表示满意。
6. it is no use __________________(让他来帮忙). (ask)
7. have you __________________(读完了) the book? (finish)
8. my doctor advised __________________(多锻炼). （take）
9. this problem __________________(需要思考)carefully. (need)
10. ________________(乘火车来北京) takes about 3 hours. (come)
11. would you __________________(介意我打开) the window? (mind)
12. i apologize for __________________(没有遵守) my promise. (keep)
13. ann has been __________________(期望来到) china for a long time. (look)
14. the bus stopped ___________________ passengers 车停下来以便接乘客。
15 . i have nothing ____________ on this question. 对这个问题我无可奉告。
巩固强化练习：
1. as i'll be away for at least a year, i'd appreciate ________ now and then telling me how everyone is getting along.
a. hearing
b. to hear
c. to be hearing
d. having heard
2. the teacher didn’t feel like ______ them on the spot.
a. correct
b. correcting
c. to correct
d. corrected
3. with the old man ________ the way, we had no trouble in ________ that cave.
a. leads, find
b. leading, finding
c. led, to find
d. was leading, found
4. i remember __________ for the job, but i forget the exact amount.
a. to pay
b. paying
c. to have paid
d. being paid
5. he was seen ___________ out.
a. go
b. to go
c. went
d. goes
6. he hasn’t got used ________ in the countryside.
a. live
b. to live
c. to living
d. living
7. we don’t allow _______ _ in the lecture room.
a. to smoke
b. smoke
c. smoking
d. to smoking
8. i’m looking forward to __________ from you soon.
a. hear
b. heard
c. hearing
d. being heard
9. she doesn’t mind _________ at home alone though she may feel lonely.
a. leave
b. bei ng left
c. leaving
d. to be left
10. people from all the corners came to the city, __________ it very crowded.
a. to make
b. and making
c. made
d. making
11. ________ all the time is the key to _________ progress in english.
a. practise, making
b. to practise, making
c. practise, make
d. to practise, make
12. only one of these books is ______ ______.
a. worth to read
b. worth being read
c. worth of reading
d. worth reading
13. ________is a good form of exercise for both young and old.
a. the walk
b. walking
c. to walk
d. walk
14. she reached the top of the hill and stopped _________ on a big rock by the side of the path.
a. to have rested
b. resting
c. to rest
d. rest
15._________ a reply, he decided to write again.
a. not receiving
b. receiving not
c. not having received
d. having not received
16. european football is played in 80 countries, ________ it the popular sport in the world.
a. making
b. makes
c. made
d. to make
17. one learns a language by making mistakes and __________ them.
a. correct
b. correcting
c. corrects
d. to correct
18. __________ at the door before entering please.
a. knocked
b. to knock
c. knocking
d. knock
19. ________ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean
up the river.
a. having suffered
b. suff ering
c. to suffer
d. suffered
20. he sent me an-email, __________ to get further information.
a. hoped
b. hoping
c. to hope
d. hope
21. tony was very unhappy for ________ to the party.
a. having no t been invited
b. not having invited
c. having not invited
d. not having been invited
22. though ________money, his parents managed to send him to university.
a. lacked
b. lacking of
c. lacking
d. lacked in
23. how about the two of us ________a walk down the garden?
a. to take
b. take
c. taking
d. to be taking
24. ________is a good form of exercise for both young and old.
a. the walk
b. walking
c. to walk
d. walk
25. —i must apologize for ________ahead of time.
—that’s all right.
a. letting you not know
b. not letting you know
c. letting you know not
d. letting not you know
参考答案
1---5 a b b d b 6---10 c c c c d
11---15 d d b c c
16---20 a b c a b 21---25 d b c b b
【英语】高考英语总复习--英语语法填空
【英语】高考英语总复习--英语语法填空 一、高中英语语法填空 1．阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 A few months ________(early), Stephanie Heller, had finished her workout in the gym when she ________(notice)a woman in the parking lot struggling to bend down. Ms. Heller offered to help her. The woman blamed old age for her incapacity, ________(explain)that she was 70. But Ms. Heller was 71. "This woman felt every bit her age." she recalled. "I don't let age stop me. I need a good mood, really. I love singing and dancing with all the young friends I ________ (make)over the years. I'm only as old as I feel." Each of us has ________actual age, the number we celebrate on birthdays. But some 50-, 60-and 70-year-olds look and feel ________(youth), while others do not. Scientists measure these differences by looking at age-related things like skin elasticity, blood pressure and so on, finding some ________(connect)among them. People ________a healthy lifestyle and a fortunate genetic inheritance(继承)tend ________(score) "younger" on these assessments. When scientists ask, "How old do you feel, most of the time?" the answer can reflect the state of people's physical and mental health. The age given is a virtual one, ________is called "subjective age". 【答案】earlier；noticed；explaining；have made；an；youthful/young；connection/connections；with；to score；which 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，有的人看起来比实际年龄小，是因为健康的生活方式，好的遗传基因让人看起来更年轻，研究发现一个人的心态可以反应他的主观年龄。（1）考查形容词。根据后文的had finished过去完成时，可判断事情发生在过去之前，a few months earlier“几个月之前”，可以和过去完成时连用，故填earlier。 （2）考查时态。根系句子可知此处是从句谓语动词，此处考查固定句型had done…when(从句用一般过去时)刚做完某事突然就……，故填noticed。 （3）考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知此处是非谓语动词作状语，逻辑主语the woman和explain（解释）之间是主动关系，应用现在分词，故填explaining。 （4）考查时态。分析句子可知此处是定语从句谓语动词，根据下文的over the years(在过去几年里)判断该句为现在完成时，主语为I，故填have made。 （5）考查冠词。age的可数名词，此处是泛指，应用不定冠词，又actual是元音音素开头，故填an。 （6）考查形容词。此处应填形容词作为feel的表语，youth的形容词是young和youthful，故填young/youthful。 （7）考查名词。此处应填名词作为finding的宾语，connect的名词形式connection为可数名词，some可以理解为“一些/某个”，故此处可以用名词单数形式，也可用复数形式，故填connection/connections。 （8）考查介词。句意：拥有健康生活方式和好的遗传基因的人倾向于在这些评价中获得高分。分析句子可知此处应填介词，再结合句意表示“有”的介词是with，故填with。（9）考查非谓语动词。tend to do sth固定短语，“倾向于做某事”，故填to score。
2019-2020年高考英语语法专题复习讲义必备句型全归纳(最新整理)
2019-2020年高考英语语法专题复习讲义必备句型全归纳 1.as soon as…一…就…= directly / immediately / instantly… = the second / the minute / the moment / the instant… Eg. He came around to see me as soon as / the moment/ immediately he checked in the hotel. 他刚一入住宾馆就来看我. They informed us the news immediately / directly they got it. 他们一得到消息就通知了我们. The policeman came to the spot the moment / the instant / the minute she heard of the accident.一听说事故,这位警察就到了现场. 2.….before…. (1). 没来得及…就… The roof fell before he had time to dash into the room to save his baby. 他还没有来得及冲进房间把孩子就出来,房顶就塌了. He ran off before I could stop him. To my great disappointment , my favorite singer left the concert before I could have a word with him. (2).过了多久才怎么样,动作进行到什么程度才怎样 They walked about thirty miles to the west before they saw a village. They worked day and night about three days before everything returned to normal. Three years passed before I knew it. 3.It was + 时间段+ before….过了多久才…. ; It was not long before…不久就… It will ( not ) be + 时间段+ before …要过多久( 不久)…..才….. Eg. It was not long before he sensed the danger of the position. It was three years before he came back. It will be half a year before you graduate from this school. 4. no sooner …than…= hardly…when…一…就…., 刚刚…就… No sooner / hardly + 过去完成时,than / when + 一般过去时 如果no sooner, hardly 位于句首, 主句要倒装. He had hardly sat down to have a rest when the door bell rang and in came Allan. No sooner had he got off the train than his daughter ran towards him. Hardly had we arrived when she started crying to go home. 5. once 一旦…., 表示时间和条件 Once you understand this rule, you will have no further difficulty. Once you have decided to do something, you should do it well. Once you enter the chemistry lab, you should follow the teacher’s instructions. 6. since …自从….以来 Since 引导的从句不论是延续性或非延续性动词, 都表示的是动作或状态的完成或结束. 注意一下句子翻译: Since he lived in Nanjing, I have not heard from him. (= since he left Nanjing…)
高考英语语法专题复习--代词
高考英语语法专题复习 三、代词 知识要点： 代词是代替名词、名词短语或句子的词。代词可分为人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、不定代词、疑问代词、相互代词、连接代词、关系代词等九类。 一、人称代词 人称代词在句中可以用作主语(用主格，如I, you, he, she, it, we, they, 等)和宾语(用宾格，如me, you, him, her, it, us, them等)： 人称代词的用法: 注：(1)在电话中或It is/was...that/who...强调句型中被强调部分做主语时，用主格： ---Is that Mr. Li? ---Yes. This is he. It’s I who did it. 这是我干的。 (2)单独使用的人称代词通常用宾格： “I’m tired.” “Me too.” “我累了。”“我也累了。”“Who wants this?” “Me.” “谁要这个？”“我要。” (3)有时用主格或宾格会导致意思的变化： I like you better than he. 我比他更喜欢你。为I like you better than he likes you. I like you better than him. 我喜欢你胜过喜欢他。为I like you better than I like him. (4)人称代词的排列顺序：单数人称代词通常按“二三一”排列，即you, he and I； 复数人称代词通常按“一二三”排列，即 we, you and they：You, he and I are of the same age. 你，他和我都是同一年龄。 We , you and they are all good citizens. 我们，你们和他们都是好公民。 但若用于承担责任或错误等场合，则可把第一人称 I 置于其他人称代词之前： Tom and I hope to go there. 汤姆和我想去那儿。I and Tom are to blame. 我和汤姆该受批评。 但是，you and I 是固定结构，语序通常不宜颠倒。 (5)人称代词后跟名词同位语。有些人称代词后有时可跟同位语： These small desks are for us students. 这些小课桌是给我们学生的。 We girls often go to the movies together. 我们女孩子常一起去看电影。 He asked you boys to be quiet. 他要你们男孩子安静些。 二、物主代词 物主代词分形容词性物主代词(my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their)和名词性物主代词(mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs)。形容词性物主代词相当于形容词，置于名词前，作定语；名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”，在句中作主语、宾语、表语、连用of作定语：His son is taller than hers. 他的儿子比她的儿子高。 Ours is a great country. 我们的国家是一个伟大的国家 Her son is a friend of ours. 她的儿子是我们的朋友。 This is your pen. Mine is in the box. 这是你的铅笔，我的在铅笔盒里。 注：(1) a friend of mine (ours, yours, hers, his, theirs)结构 (2) 物主代词与own 连用。表强调。也可用of one’s own置于名词后作定语： Mind your own business. 别管闲事。
高考英语语法复习专题
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