山东省东营市2017年语文试题+(PDF版,含答案)

山东省东营市2017年语文试题+(PDF版,含答案)
山东省东营市2017年语文试题+(PDF版,含答案)

开考前秘密试卷类型 A 二〇一七年东营市初中学生学业考试

语文试题

(总分120分考试时间120分钟)

注意事项:

1.答卷前务必将你的姓名、座号和准考证号按要求填写在试卷和答题卡上的相应位置。

2.本试题不分ⅠⅡ卷,所有答案都写在答题卡上,不要直接在本试卷上答题。

3.必须用 0.5 毫米黑色签字笔书写在对应的答题卡区域,不得超出规定范围。

一、积累运用(共20分)

1.给加点的字注音,根据拼音写出汉字。(2 分)

匆忙奔赴南方的雁阵呼唤你怀抱中的鸟儿,金色的风拖曳着清凉的尾巴,拂过你斑驳的.

衣襟,你就知道,那朔风凌厉的季节正在逼近,可你只是淡然一笑——你全身心的爱,又一轮结出满树丰硕的梦想;你以宁折勿曲的坚韧,再度 hàn 卫了人格的尊严。

① 奔② hàn

2.依次填入下列句中空缺处的词语恰当的一项是()(2 分)

① “一带一路”抓住互联互通这个关键,聚焦经济合作特别是基础设施建设,沿线国家和本地区发展的共同需要,为沿线国家优势互补、开放发展创造崭新的机遇。

②教育部等九部门颁发文件强调,要将思想、道德、心理教育和依法惩戒威慑相结合,切实做好中小学校园欺凌和暴力事件方面的工作。

③微信等新媒体能够满足人们对于信息的需求,无法代替诵读经典所带给我们的心灵上的收获。

A.适合防治因而B.适合防止却

C.契合防止因而D.契合防治却

3.依次填入空缺处的句子最恰当的一项是()(2 分)

春,是那样娇,那样敏感,却又那样混沌无涯。一声雷,;一阵杜鹃啼,;一阵风起,。

①就猛然间惊醒了一山桃花

②便让每一棵柳吟出一则则白茫茫、虚飘飘说也说不清听也听不清的飞絮

③则无端地惹哭满天的云

A.①②③B.③①②C.③②①D.①③②

4.观察下面楚均亭画作《无人亦自芳》,写一段解说文字,至少用上一个成语。(3 分)

5.填空。(5 分)

①王湾在《次北固山下》中以“,”把平野开阔、大江直流、波平浪静的壮观景象传神地表现出来。

②陶渊明《饮酒(其五)》以“,”写出了人之闲逸而自在,山之静穆而高远,创造了“不知何者为我,何者为物”之境界。

③文天祥《过零丁洋》中的诗句“,”,情调高亢,气势磅礴,表现出崇高的民族气节和舍生取义的价值追求。

④泉水激石,泠泠作响;,。,。

,;经纶世务者,窥谷忘反。

6.名著阅读。(2 分)

上了讲台,把颤抖的右手放在讲桌上,他慢慢的抬起头来。学生们坐得很齐,一致的竖直了背,仰着脸,在看他。他们的脸都是白的,没有任何表情,像是石头刻的。一点辣味儿堵塞住他的嗓子,他咳嗽了两声。泪开始在他的眼眶里转。

他应当安慰他们,但是怎样安慰呢?他应当鼓舞起他们的爱国心,告诉他们抵抗敌人,但是他自己怎么还在这里装聋卖傻的教书,而不到战场上去呢?

以上文字选自作家的长篇小说《》,选文中“他”这一人物名叫。小说通过、等情节内容,塑造了这一守家而又爱国、软弱忍从而又不屈抗争的特定时代知识分子的形象。

7.综合性学习。(4 分)

在我国,“仁”文化源远流长,博大精深。请你参加“‘仁’文化的魅力”综合性学习。源流追踪

(1)“仁”为会意字,甲骨文写作“ ”,从“人”从“二”,“均嫡庶,仁亲戚,则族业生旺之端也”中的“仁”便是用其本义:;“(陛下)有仁民爱物之意”中“仁”义则引申为:。

(2)试根据下面的材料,概括“仁”包括哪些方面的思想内涵。

①孝悌也者,其为仁之本与!(《论语?学而》)

②厩焚。子退朝,曰:“伤人乎?”不问马。(《论语?乡党》)

③衙斋卧听萧萧竹,疑是百姓疾苦声。(郑夑《墨竹图题诗》)

④无伤也,是乃仁术也……君子之于禽兽也,见其生,不忍见其死……(《孟子?梁惠王

上》)

⑤亲亲而仁民,仁民而爱物。(《孟子?尽心上》)

“仁”行世间

(3)在9 月28 日“孔子文化节”到来之际,班级举办“‘仁’行世间”文化传承活动,请你提出一项倡议。

二、阅读欣赏(共50分)

(一)(4分)

盆池

杜牧

凿破苍苔地,偷他一片天。

白云生镜里,明月落阶前。

注:“盆池”,即挖地成盆或埋盆于地,引水灌注,种养鱼类与水生花草以供观赏。8.

这首诗表现了诗人怎样的情感或思想?(2 分)

9.任选一个角度(如构思、写法、语言等),对该诗进行赏析。(2 分)

(二)(8分)

(甲)一老河兵闻之,又笑曰:“凡河中失石,当求之于上流。盖石性坚重,沙性松浮,水不能冲石,其反激之力,必于石下迎水处啮沙为坎穴,渐激渐深,至石之半,石必倒掷坎穴中。如是再啮,石又再转。转转不已,遂反溯流逆上矣。求之下流,固颠;求之地中,不更颠乎?”如其言,果得于数里外。然则天下之事,但知其一,不知其二者多矣,可据理臆

断欤?——纪昀《河中石兽》

(乙)雁奴,雁之最小者,性尤机警。每群雁夜宿,雁奴独不瞑①,为之伺察。或微闻人声,必先号鸣,群雁则杂然相呼引去。

后乡人益巧设诡计,以中雁奴之欲。于是先视陂薮②雁所常处者,阴布大网,多穿土穴于其傍。日未入,人各持束緼③并匿穴中,须其夜艾,则燎火穴外,雁奴先警,急灭其火。群雁惊视无见,复就栖焉。于是三燎三灭,雁奴三叫,众雁三惊;已而无所见,则众雁谓奴之无验也,互唼④迭击之,又就栖然。少选,火复举,雁奴畏众击,不敢鸣。

乡人闻其无声,乃举网张之,率十获五而仅有脱者。

……冯生工属文尝为《雁奴说》,叹其以诈相笼、以祸相嫁也,其言日:“奚独雁哉,人

固有之,李斯秦之警也,赵高诈燎而胡亥击之,国入于汉;陈蕃汉之警也,曹节诈燎而孝灵击之,家获于魏。由是观之,可不为之大哀邪!”——宋祁《雁奴后说》

注:①瞑,通“眠”。②陂薮(bēi sǒu),陂,堤岸、湖边。薮,湖泽通称。③緼,乱麻绳。④唼(shà),水鸟吞食声。

10.解释下列句中加点的词。(2 分)

①如其言,果得于数里外如:

③阴布大网阴:

11.翻译下面的语句。(2 分)

已而无所见,则众雁谓奴之无验也②须其夜艾艾:

④叹其以诈相笼

笼:

12.两文分别讽喻了什么现象?(2 分)

13.简要说明两文在写法上的相同之处及其作用。(2 分)

(三)(8分)

“我也知道。将军家里都是些名贵的、纯种的狗;这条狗呢,鬼才知道是什么玩意儿!

毛色既不好,模样也不中看,完全是个下贱胚子。居然有人养这种狗!这人的脑子上哪儿去啦?要是这样的狗在彼得堡或者莫斯科让人碰见,你们猜猜看,结果会怎样?那儿的人可不管什么法律不法律,一眨眼的工夫就叫它断了气!你呢,赫留金,受了害,我们绝不能不管。得好好教训他们一下!是时候了。”

……“它的脸上又没写着……前几天我在将军家院子里看见过这样的一条狗。”

“没错儿,将军家的!”人群里有人说。

“哦!……叶尔德林老弟,给我穿上大衣吧……好像起风了,挺冷……你把这条狗带到

将军家里去,问问清楚。就说这狗是我找着,派人送上的。告诉他们别再把狗放到街上来了。说不定这是条名贵的狗;可要是每个猪崽子都拿烟卷戳到它的鼻子上去,那它早就毁了。狗是娇贵的动物……你这混蛋,把手放下来!不用把你那蠢手指头伸出来!怪你自己不

好!……”

14.小说通过多次描写“军大衣”反映了人物怎样的心理变化轨迹?(2 分)

①有人说好像是将军家的狗:……叶尔德林,帮我把大衣脱下来……真要命,天这么热……

②巡警说在将军家见过这样的一条狗:哦!……叶尔德林老弟,给我穿上大衣吧……好像起风了,挺冷……

③收场:……裹紧大衣,穿过市场的广场径自走了。

①→②→③

15.探究选文人物语言描写的作用,写出你发现的结果。(3 分)

16.警官奥楚蔑洛夫对案件的判断顷刻逆转,这样写的用意是什么?(3 分)

(四)(14分)

寻找发掘脑的潜能

(美)达罗·A·特雷费特

①获得性学者综合征,患者是老年痴呆或头部受到严重撞击或其他脑损伤的人,患病后突然表现出接近天才的艺术才华或智力技能。上世纪80年代中期之前,我一直以为这是一种先天性疾病,但参加克莱蒙斯的个人雕塑展,看法开始发生改变。婴儿时期的他聪明伶俐,

3岁时一次意外摔倒脑部受损,其认知发展骤然减缓,在语言学习方面出现了严重障碍。此后他却拥有了一项非凡的技能,能够用手边任何材料进行雕塑,可以照着杂志上马的照片,在半小时内塑造出一件惟妙惟肖的复制品。

②兴趣令我开始在医学文献中查找这方面的报道。到2010年,我收集记录了全世界319

起知名的“天才”案例,其中有32例是属于后天获得的。神经学家米勒的研究工作也在我的收集之列。1996年,米勒开始研究最早的12个病例。这些病例均患有一种名为额颞叶痴呆(FTD)的退行性疾病,患者都是老年人,在认知、语言等方面出现严重的障碍和病态行为,但同时平生第一次展露出了超凡的音乐或艺术才华。

③从米勒的研究看,FTD患者的受损脑区通常是大脑左前颞叶及眶额皮层,受损后导致患者出现一些病态的异常行为或认知、语言上的缺陷。正常情况下,上述两个区域会抑制位于大脑后部、负责处理眼部信号的视觉系统的神经活动。患者左前颞叶和眶额皮层可能无法发出抑制性信号,从而让个体获得了全新的艺术敏感性。于是大脑就能以一种全新的方式来处理视觉和声音,患者的艺术敏感性或其他创造力便释放出来。

④大量研究表明,因意外造成脑损伤患者表现出特殊才能,可能缘于大脑某些区域活动减弱和某些区域的活动增强。这涉及大脑损伤之后(以左脑受损最为常见,类似于米勒收集的FTD病例)的一系列事件,我称之为“3R过程”。该过程始于“募集”,这个步骤主要发生在大脑皮层仍旧完好的区域,比如右脑,这里的大脑活动会增强;接着就是“重连”,也就是大脑会在以前没有形成神经连接的区域间建立起新的连接;最后就是潜能的“释放”,因为新的神经连接会使某些脑区的活跃程度升高,以至于一些处于休眠状态的能力被释放出来。

⑤至此,关于获得性学者综合征,无论对于FTD患者还是意外脑损伤的人,我的看法已

经发生了根本改变:这并不是一种先天性疾病,而是后天获得的。通过一个简单的推导就可以得出一个判断,并进一步产生新的结论:可以从每一个健康人的身体内开掘出一些接近天才的艺术才华或智力技能。很显然,问题的关键是能在无需患病或遭受脑损伤的情况下,释放人体内被封印的才华。

⑥研究人员让自愿者完成一项具有挑战性和创新性的九点谜题。要求将三点一排,总共三排的点用四条直线连起来,途中不能抬笔或有折返线。一开始,29名自愿者没人能够完成这项任务。对他们进行“假”刺激(仅安放电极但没有释放电流)后,仍然束手无策。释放电流后,约有40%的自愿者,成功完成了这项任务。他们似乎一下子就知道了他们以前不知道或者没学过的事情。这便是经颅直流电刺激技术,它通过产生一种极化电流,减弱左脑与感观输入、记忆、语言以及其他脑功能相关的部分脑区的活动,同时增加右脑(主要是右前颞叶)的活动。

⑦无论哪种类型,对于获得性学者综合征患者表现出特殊才能,一个合理的解释是,这些才能和知识肯定是以某种方式通过遗传而来的。在生命之初,我们并非一张白纸,大脑可能便预装了一套“系统”,帮助我们处理眼睛看到的东西,或是理解音乐、艺术或数学方面的“内在规律”。只是,“天才”比一般人更“擅于”开发和利用那些与生俱来的才能。

⑧让目前还不是“天才”的人释放创造潜力的可行性途径有哪些,如何掌握一系列大脑

神经运作的生理机制,便成为关键。

⑨要重塑大脑并发挥人的潜能,冥想是一条可行的途径;刻苦练习亦可获得某项高超的技能;之外就是科学技术的参与。我们需要掌握当某些大脑回路的功能受到激发或抑制时,神经元会建立怎样的连接,进而“破译”大脑活动与突然显现的才能之间的关系。同时,需要在患者活动甚至进行创造性活动时能够对其大脑状况进行观测。与此有关的实验正在加紧进行中。可以预期,不远的将来,我们每个人那卓越的创造性和特殊的本领就会被轻松发掘出来,每个人都有可能实现自己的“天才”梦想。

17.依据选文,简要解释什么是“获得性学者综合征”。(3 分)

18.第③④段均说明患者生理变化机制,你认为能否去掉其中的一段?为什么?(4 分)

19.结合文意,简要说明第⑤段画线句这一结论的推导过程。(4 分)

20.举例说明本文运用的一种主要说明方法及其作用。(3 分)

(五)(16分)

目光

李汉荣

①依我看,我们积攒的,主要是一些目光。

②为什么我们记起某些往事时,心上和身上会有温暖或滚烫的感觉?那肯定是我们的体内,存放着温暖或滚烫的目光。

③为什么我们记起某些场景时,心上和身上会有被碎玻璃扎伤的感觉,甚至会有锥心刺骨的感觉?你锁定这些场景,在深处找寻,一定能找到几束凶狠、敌意的目光,或者找到几缕失望、忧伤、悲凉的目光。从这些目光里,你会想起谁让你受到伤害,你又让谁受到伤害。

④几十年里,我见过的人少说也有几百万了,而能留在记忆里的,不过是那些欣赏、柔软、关切、智慧或恶意、冷漠的目光。它们像流星雨或火山灰,都存贮在你内心的岩层里了。几十年下来,我见过了多少生灵?在记忆里藏得最深的,还是那些与我交换过目光的生命。我曾与大槐树上的花喜鹊交换过问候的目光。我制止了上树捉鹊的猫和捣鹊窝的人。它们与我交流,总是温热的目光和喜悦的语言,让我的心充满喜悦。

⑤身体老了轻了,我们的生命却反而越来越重。那些好的目光,如宝石珍珠,存放在内心最重要的房间,我们经常于静夜抚摸它们,回味它们,被它们再次照拂,同时又为无法再次回到那些眼睛面前,表达谢意和敬意,而感到遗憾和痛心;而那些不友好的目光,恶意的、冷漠的,虽说时间已稀释了它们的份量,然而记忆还是时常被它们袭击,就如同跋涉过水深火热,双腿乃至浑身的骨头,难免被风湿性疼痛折磨。我们的身体和心灵,比我们的理性要精确得多,理性接纳了的,被理性过滤掉的,身体和心灵都悉数收藏,而且原汁原味原质。假如你能勘探你身体内部的江河湖海和崇山峻岭,你将惊异它浩瀚的沉积和收藏,而藏得最深,保鲜保真最好的,正是那一脉脉、一束束、一道道目光。

⑥人生的质量,除了身体的质量,更重要的,是身体内部储存的目光的质量。

⑦圣人体内,一定存放着高质量的目光。这样的目光,如水如雪,如雨如棉,如黑夜的灯、冬日的炉火,如妩媚的青山、雨后的草叶,如月光里展开的大海深沉而博大,如闪电穿透长夜又无声地消融于长夜……我读《论语》,读《庄子》,读佛经,读列夫?托尔斯泰,

读到了他们眼睛里的目光,以及内心里储存的目光。圣人从目光的丛林中走过,从生灵的泪雨血河里趟过,他们的眼睛望见了苦海的深处,望见了生存莽原上伤痛的背影。同时,他们

的眼睛又与长夜远处、星空高处某个神圣的目光对接,于是,一种深达海底又接星辰的伟大心胸展开于他们体内,发自于人的内心却蕴藏了宇宙般深广思想和爱意的目光,终于降临世间。

⑧于是,我经常问自己:

⑨你的体内该存放怎样的目光?你渴望收藏的那些好的目光是在陆续凋零,还是在陆续生长?你如何在紫外线等有害射线频频伤害的大地上,捕捉并珍藏那些美好的光线?穿过日渐破败的森林,你怎样寻找种子那暗淡的目光,在长久地与它对视之后,你是否播种它,并祈祷在雨过天晴的早晨,看见一株嫩芽,噙着泪珠,表达着胆怯的希望?于是,你重新确认,备受欺凌的大地并没有掉头远去,她仍在这里,她用伤口做眼睛,辨认着那些再次向她走来的人们,向她投来怎样的目光?

⑩我又该向生活,向历史,向覆盖着坟墓、陨石和青草的土地,投去怎样的目光?我该向那瘦瘦的溪流、细细的泉眼投去怎样的目光?你看,无家可归的燕子,怯怯的降落在我的阳台,怯怯的,以公元前的方言,试探我的心思,试探我对春天的态度,我该用怎样的目光问候它或者冷落它?欢迎它或者拒绝它?我该向那山路上跋涉的身影,投去怎样的目光?我该向雨夜里的灯火,投去怎样的目光?我看见那棵柳树,它的每一根手指都在传递一种古老而单纯的情思,它嫩绿的眼神,那点化过《诗经》、照拂过唐诗、抚慰过宋词的眼神,又投递到我的身体上和心上,那么,我该向它投去怎样感恩的目光?

?是的,我收藏着来自历史、来自自然、来自生活、来自人群的各种各样的目光。

?同时,我投去的目光,也将被收藏,被某棵树收藏,被某朵花收藏,被某条河流收藏,被某盏灯收藏,被夜半的某颗星收藏,被近处或远处的某个心灵收藏。

?就这样,我们的目光,改变着白昼的光线,也改变着夜晚的品质,甚至,或多或少地,改变着宇宙的质量……

21.作者为什么说“身体老了轻了,我们的生命却反而越来越重”?(3分)

22.李汉荣的散文“意气贯通,浑然天成”。试以本文结构为例,谈谈你的理解。(3分)

23.文章选取“目光”这一具体表情来阐释人生感悟,这一思维视角的妙处何在?(4分)

24.本文语言特色鲜明,富有表现力,试举一例并加以赏析。(3分)

25.最后两段文字的含义是什么?(3分)

三、写作(共50分)

26.阅读下面的文字,按要求作文。

阳光是天生的丹青妙手,也是无所不能的魔术大师;它将这个世界的秘密揭开并公之于众,再赋予其无穷的生命力。常被吞噬在黑暗中最能领略到阳光的明亮,久被禁锢在严酷的冬天最能感受到春日阳光的温暖,经历了风霜雨雪的侵袭最能体验到阳光的恬美……尽管那

些沐浴在阳光中的人,并不懂得阳光的珍贵甚至遗忘了阳光的存在;被曝晒的人可能还会埋怨阳光的残酷……但是,阳光以它那永不熄灭的热情和别具匠心的构思,创造出一个一个自

然的神话和生命的奇迹。哟,你这舞动着彩翅的小鸟,是用嘹亮的歌喉礼赞阳光么?你这怒放的溢彩流芳的花朵是在向阳光诉说幸福成长的语言么?你这满树的沉甸甸的果实是回报阳光捧出的金色心灵么?你在阳光的怀抱中,阳光在你的心里,你一定有许多的话要对阳光倾诉……

要求:①以“阳光,”为题。

②将题目补充完整再作文,文体不限,不少于 600 字。

语文试题(A)参考答案及评分标准

一、积累运用

1.答案:bēn捍

评分:每小题 1 分,共 2 分。

2.答案:D

评分:选对得 2 分。

3.答案:B

评分:选对得 2 分。

4.答案:示例一,画面由外倾山崖、一簇兰花、两只飞翔的小鸟和画题组成。画的主体是生

长在悬崖绝壁之上的一簇茂盛的兰花,数朵兰花鲜艳盛开,芬芳四溢;叶子四处伸

展,有的直抵画面底端。画面左下角两只鸟儿从山崖下飞翔而过,右下角题写着

“无人亦自芳”字样。画面以外倾的崖角和鸟儿飞行的位置,衬托出兰花生长的高

度,突出表现了兰花自甘寂寞、自励品性、高洁傲岸、不媚世俗的精神品质,使物

性与人品、主观与客观水乳交融,别出心裁,发人深思。

示例二,画面由外倾山崖、一簇花草、两只飞翔的小鸟和画题组成。画的主体是

崖顶一簇茂盛的花草,叶子四处伸展,数朵花儿鲜艳盛开,芬芳四溢。虽身处悬

崖绝壁之上,连鸟儿也难以企及,但她依然兀自开放,突出表现了她自甘寂寞、

自励品性、高洁傲岸、不媚世俗的精神品质。这幅画立意高远,构思自出机杼;

托物言志,耐人寻味。

评分:重点突出、层次清楚、抓住特征得 2 分,成语运用得当 1 分,共 3 分。其他答案符合题意即可。

5.答案:①潮平两岸阔风正一帆悬②采菊东篱下悠然见南山③人生自古谁无死留取丹

心照汗青④好鸟相鸣嘤嘤成韵蝉则千转不穷猿则百叫无绝鸢飞戾天者望峰息

评分:①-③每小题 1 分,第④小题 2 分,共 5 分。①-③小题出现错别字或添字﹑漏字该小题不得分。第④小题答对连续的三句得 1 分,全答对得 2 分。

6.答案:老舍《四世同堂》祁瑞宣娶韵梅为妻支持瑞全出走抗日(或为了家庭放弃奔

赴国难迫于生计去英国使馆做事钱默吟被捕后帮助钱家受牵连被捕入狱经受考

验引导白巡长参加地下组织印发爱国教材给学生阅读)

评分:第一二空共 0.5 分,其余空各 0.5 分,共 2 分。后两空答其他内容合乎题意即可。

7.答案:(1)人人平等(或君民同视,平等对待)博爱、仁爱(或慈善、体恤)(2)示

例: a 爱亲人 b 爱他人 c 爱民众 d 爱万物(或 a 亲亲 b 仁民 c 爱物;或 a 血缘之爱 b 人际之爱c物我之爱)(3)示例:开展“仁”文化思想宣讲活动(或

开展讲述古代“仁”人逸闻轶事活动,开展关于“仁”脉相承小论文征集活动,举办

“‘仁’在身边”故事会,举行“仁”文化经典朗诵活动等)。

评分:第(1)题 1 分。第(2)题答对两方面得 1 分,答对三方面得 2 分,共 2 分。意思对即可。第(3)题 1 分,其他答案符合题意即可。本题共 4 分。

二、阅读欣赏

8.答案:情感:酷爱自然(或热爱生活,或乐享人生)

思想:超尘脱俗(或淡泊宁静,或天人合一)

评分:答出情感或思想中的一种得 2 分,共 2 分。意思对即可。

9.答案示例:

构思:总分相承,层次井然。先写凿池,灌水,映天,然后再写天空中的白云,明月,依序而进。第二句是总写,三四句是第二句的分写,条理清晰,颇具章法。写法一:借助鲜明意象,创造幽淡境界。以碧绿之“苔”、蔚蓝之“天”、雪白之“云”、清澈之“月”这些淡雅纯净的意象,营造出淡泊雅静之境,体现出诗人超然脱俗、心契自然的思想情怀。

写法二:融情于景。诗人将酷爱自然(或热爱生活,或乐享人生)之情,融于对盆池景物描写之中。

写法三:借景寄志。诗人将超尘脱俗的襟怀(或淡泊宁静的精神追求,或天人合一的思想观念)寄寓在对盆池的描写之中。

语言一:平中见奇,凝练传神。示例一,如“偷”字,将池水映现天空想象成盆池把一片天空偷纳自己怀中,可谓奇思妙想,自出机杼。示例二,如“生”“落”两字,化静为动,平中见奇,情趣盎然,将盆池景色写得栩栩如生,表现诗人对盆池景色的喜爱之情。

语言二:巧用修辞。示例,“白云生镜里”,把盆池比喻成明镜,生动形象地写出了白云倒映入池如同从镜中浮出的景象。

评分:答对得 2 分,共 2 分。从构思、写法、语言中任何一个方面答题均可;其中写法、语言答出其中的一个角度即可,其他答案符合题意即可。

10.答案:①依照②止,尽③暗中,秘密④笼罩,捕捉

评分:每小题 0.5 分,共 2 分。意思对即可。

11.答案:不久什么也没看见,群雁就认为雁奴毫无根据地乱叫

评分:大意及关键词语翻译正确得 2 分,共 2 分。意思对即可。

12.答案:甲文讽喻教条、孤立、静止地看待事物以至“主观臆断”的现象;乙文讽喻只看表

面现象不辨真假、良莠以至以怨报德的现象。

评分:每个方面 1 分,共 2 分。意思对即可。

13.答案:①借事说理或寓理于事。作用:能使读者于生动具体的事件中领会作者所阐释的

道理,更加发人深省,更具说服力。②叙议结合。作用:使读者既能获得具体的

感受,又能获得理性的感悟,进而更加深入地把握作者的写作意图。

评分:答对其中一种得 2 分。共 2 分。写法、作用各占 1 分。意思对即可。

14.答案示例:①惊慌失措(或吃惊胆怯);②心惊胆颤(或懊悔恐惧);③狼狈不堪(或

尴尬难堪)。

评分:答对一点得 1 分,答对两点得 2 分,共 2 分。意思对即可。

15.答案:①人物语言能够反映人物外貌、神态、动作和心理,“闻其声则见其人”,使人物

形象变得立体可感;②通过语言描写,让人物进行自我刻画,突出表现人物的性

格特征;③以语言描写推动情节发展。

评分:答对一点得 1 分,答对两点得 3 分,共 3 分。意思对即可。

16.答案示例:①从情节设置看,这样写使情节发展难以猜测而形成悬念,引人入胜;②从

人物性格塑造看,这样写能突出表现人物见风使舵、趋炎附势的性格和唯权唯上

的思想本质;③从表现主题看,这样写反映了法律被践踏、专制盛行的社会现

实;④从讽刺艺术的运用看,写奥楚蔑洛夫对案件的判断多次逆转,以漫画式的

夸张增强了小说的讽刺效果。(或奥楚蔑洛夫对赫留金、对狗的态度前后形成鲜

明对比,让人物自相矛盾、自己打自己嘴巴,增强了讽刺力量。)评分:答对其中一种得 1 分,答对 2 种得 3 分,共 3 分。其他答案符合题意即可。

17.答案:①获得性学者综合征即老年痴呆或头部受到严重撞击或其他脑损伤的人,②认知、

语言等方面出现严重的障碍和病态行为,③但患病后突然表现出某种接近天才的艺

术才华或智力技能。

评分:只答出①②或者①③意思的得 2 分,共 3 分。意思对即可。

18.答案:不能。因为两段说明对象不同:前者为 FTD 患者,后者为因意外造成脑损伤的患

者。说明侧重点不同:前者侧重说明 FTD 患者脑部受损后,艺术敏感性或创造力释

放出来的原因,后者侧重概括因意外造成脑损伤的患者脑部生理变化的 3R 过程。

评分:第一问 1 分;第二问 3 分,其中答对说明对象 1 分,答对说明侧重点 2 分。

共 4 分。意思对即可。

19.答案:FTD 作为退行性疾病,老年人患病后第一次展露出超凡的艺术才华,因意外造成

脑损伤的患者表现出从未有过的特殊才能,这说明获得性学者综合征并不是先天

性疾病,而是后来的生理退化或意外损伤造成的;这些人患病后表现出近乎天才

的艺术才华或智力技能,证明这些患者本身就具备这样的艺术才华或智力技能;

由此可以判断健康人也会潜藏着这样的艺术才华或智力技能;因此我们可以从每

一个健康人的身体内开掘出一些接近天才的艺术才华或智力技能。

评分:每个要点 1 分,共 4 分。内容全面、正确,推导过程合乎逻辑。内容有缺漏,推导过程不够严密,可酌判 2-1 分;内容不当判 0 分。

20.答案:示例一,作诠释,如第④段在说明意外脑损伤脑区生理机制时,对“募集”“重连”

“释放”进行了诠释,过程清楚,特征鲜明,通俗易懂。示例二,举例子,如第①

段通过克莱蒙斯的表现,真实、具体、清楚地说明了获得性学者综合征的病征。

示例三,列数字,如第⑥段列举了释放电流后,自愿者成功完成九点谜题的数

字,说明经颅直流电刺激技术的效果,具体准确。

评分:举例、方法、作用各占 1 分,共 3 分。举出例句分析或概括说明均可。只举例不得分。其他答案符合题意亦可。

21.答案示例:因为①我们的生命积攒了诸多的目光。②好的目光被我们存放,并常常照拂我们

的身心,我们又因无法对其表达谢意和敬意感到遗憾和痛心;不友好的目光时常袭击

我们的记忆。③被理性接纳了的和被理性过滤掉的,身体和心灵都悉数收藏。

评分:答对一点得 1 分,答对两点得 3 分,共 3 分。意思对即可。

22.答案示例:示例一,文章结构自由舒展,取材纵横古今中外,包揽人情世事,而以“目

光”这一意象为焦点,步步推进,水到渠成,自然形成严密的结构。示例二,文章

总体上从“目光”的重量和质量来展开篇章。先说我们的生命越来越重是因为存放

了诸多的目光,其中包括了不同质量的目光。在此基础上,再谈存放目光的质量

与人生质量的关系。两者具有内容上的承接和逻辑上的递进关系。示例三,述说

“目光的质量”时,“存放目光”是涵养善美的品质,是思想基础;“投送目光”是以善

美的心灵对待周围的世界,是付诸行动,二者构成基础与发展,思想与行为间的

因果关系。

评分:答对一种得 3 分,共 3 分。意思对即可。其他答案符合题意即可。

23.答案示例:①建立起“目光”这一具体表情与内在思想品质之间的联系:眼睛是心灵的

窗户,目光是灵魂的折射。所以写“目光”就是写心灵,写思想,写品质。②“目光”

与具体生活的关系更直接、更密切。将具体形象的目光与现实生活联系起来,进而

表现对自然、社会、人生的思考感悟,既避免了空洞说教,又不落俗套,使文章具

有鲜明的形象性和强烈的感染力。

评分:答对一点得 3 分,共 4 分。意思对即可。其他答案符合题意即可。

24.答案示例:示例一,“无家可归的燕子……欢迎它或者拒绝它”,运用拟人手法,赋予燕子以人

的心理情态,形象表达了作者对自然生物的态度。示例二,第⑨段采用设问句式,有

问有答,以问作答,让读者强烈地感受到作者对美与善的向往与追求、对

生态环境的忧思、对生命的关爱和亲近自然的渴望,有效引发了读者对该存放怎

样的目光的思考。示例三,“这样的目光……消融于长夜”,运用比喻,将圣人高质量

的“目光”描绘得具体形象、生动可感。

评分:举例 1 分,赏析 2 分,共 3 分。只举出例句不得分。其他答案符合要求即可。

25.答案示例:示例一,一个人以真善美的心灵对待他人和自然万物,那么,他人和自然万

物就会变得真善美;我们大家都以真善美的心灵对待这个世界,这个世界的质量

就会变得更好更高。示例二,作者渴望用真善美涵养人们的心灵,表达了对真善

美品质的呼唤和对美好世界的向往。

评分:答对一种得 3 分,共 3 分。意思对即可。其他答案符合题意即可。

三、写作

26.分项分等评分标准。

项目一等二等三等四等五等

① 内容20分20—18分17—15分14—13分12—11分10 分及以下

② 表达25分25—23分22—21分20—19分18—16分15 分及以下

③ 文面5分 5 分 4 分 4 分 3 分 2 分及以下

写作评卷建议:

①作文试卷评阅应贯彻《义务教育语文课程标准》有关写作课程目标与评价建议的精神

与要求,切近初中学生学习实际,不宜要求过高。

②建议两人评阅一份试卷,求和的平均数,得分四舍五入。两人评判同一份试卷差距在

7分以上者,建议重判。

③宜于在及格线(30分)以上拉开档次,赋分不宜于集中在某狭小的分数区间,具体分数分布建议如下:

50分——46分约占试卷总量的 20%,其中满分卷不少于 1%。

45分——41分约占试卷总量的 25%。

40分——36分约占试卷总量的 25%。

35分——31分约占试卷总量的 20%。

30 分及以下约占试卷总量的 10%。

④每3个错别字扣1分,重复者不计;扣至5分为止。

2017年12月英语六级考试真题试卷附答案第三卷

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