英语祈使句用法总结和结构解析

英语祈使句用法总结和结构解析
英语祈使句用法总结和结构解析

英语祈使句用法总结和结构解析

1、英语祈使句(ImperativeSentence)

定义:用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句,祈使句最常用于表达命令,因此在学校文法中也常称为命令句。

祈使句因对象(即主语)是第二人称,所以通常都省略。祈使句的动词都为一般现在时,句末则使用句号来表示结束。例:

Goandwashyourhands.

(去洗你的手。——命令)

Bequiet,please.(Pleasebequiet.)

(请安静。——请求)

Bekindtooursister.

(对姊妹要和善。——劝告)

Watchyoursteps.

(走路小心。——警告)

Lookout!Danger!

(小心!危险!——强烈警告,已如感叹句)

Keepoffthegrass.

(勿践草坪。——禁止)

Noparking.

(禁止停车。——禁止)

祈使句也常把主语“You”表达出来,使对方听起来觉得柔和些,例如:

Yougoandtellhim,Chris.(克立斯你去告诉他。)

2、相关口令

祈使句无主语,主语you常省去;

动词原形谓语当,句首加don't否定变;

朗读应当用降调,句末常标感叹号。

●肯定结构:

1.Do型(即:动词原形(+宾语)+其它成分)。

如:Pleasehaveaseathere.请这边坐。

有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下,动词可省略。

如:Thisway,please.=Gothisway,please.请这边走。

2.Be型(即:Be+表语(名词或形容词)+其它成分)。

如:Beagoodboy!要做一个好孩子!

3.Let型(即:Let+宾语+动词原形+其它成分)。如:Letmehelpyou.让我来帮你。

●否定结构:

1.Do型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加don't构成。

如:Don'tforgetme!不要忘记我!

Don'tbelateforschool!上学不要迟到!

2.Let型的否定式有两种:“Don't+let+宾语+动词原形+其它成分”和“Let+宾语+not+动词原形+其它成分”。

如:Don'tlethimgo./Lethimnotgo.别让他走。

练习:

将下列汉语翻译成英语。

1.请照看好您的包。___________________.

2.让我们去学校吧!___________________!

3.亲爱的,高兴点儿!___________________!

4.不要把书放这儿。___________________.

5.不要让猫进来。___________________.

Key:

1.Pleaselookafteryourbag

2.Let'sgotoschool

3.Beglad,dear

4.Don'tputthebookhere

5.Don'tletthecatcomein/Letthecatnotcomein

由"let"带头的祈使句(ImperativeSentences)是个常见的动词句型,它的主要用法有下列三种:

1.表示“建议”。

这个句型里的"let"后头紧跟着一个第一人称的代词宾语,如:

(1)Letmetry.

(2)Let'sdoit.

(3)Letmegoandlookforit.

这个句型语气委婉,比直接的祈使句客气。试比较(4)a和(4)b:

(4)a.Don'tdisturbhim.

b.Let'snotdisturbhim.

(a)是直接命令,语气强烈,不如(b)温柔悦耳。

2.表示“间接命令”或“愿望”。

这句型里的动词宾语是第三人称名词或代词,如:

(5)LetRoberttakechargeofthemarketingdepartment.

(6)Letherjoinourchoir.

3.表示“警告”、“蔑视”、“威胁”等。

这种祈使句里的宾语也是第三人称为主。除了口气凶悍之外,有时还语带讽刺,如:

(7)Lethimtryandhewillexposehisinabilitytoworkonhisown.

(8)Lettheinvaderscomeandourarmedforceswillwipethemoutinn otime.

用"let"的祈使句时,必须注意下列几点:

一、"let"的否定句有二。如果宾语是第三人称用

"Don'tlet....."(见例(9));如果宾语是第一人称,则用"Let......not"(见例(10)):

(9)Don'tletthistypeofthingshappenagain.

(10)It'srainingnow.Let'snotgooutuntilaftertherain.

二、"Let"只适用于现在时态,可以有被动语态(thepassivevoice),如:

(11)Lettherecalcitrantcriminalsbesenttoprison.

(12)Letallthededicatedcapablestaffbepromoted.

三、"Let"后头除了是不带"to"的不定式动词(Theinfinitivewithout"to")之外,还可以是某些适当的副词,如out,in,down,alone等:

(13)Letthepuppyout.

(14)Openthewindowsandletthefreshairin.

(15)Theroomistoosunny.Lettheblindsdown.

(16)Letmealone,please.

四、用"Let's"时,把谈话者的对象包括在内;用"Letus"时,并不包括对方,如:

(17)Let'stryit,shallwe?

(18)Letusdoitbyourselves,willyou?

从(17)里的"shallwe"和(18)里的"willyou",不难知道前者包括听话人,后者并没有。祈使句表示请求、命令、建议等等。谓语动词一律用原形。句子中通常不用主语,句末用惊叹号或者句号,用降调。

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