四六级考试常考重点英语语法汇总

四六级考试常考英语语法

一．定语从句

引导定语从句的有关系代词as，who，whom，whom，which，that和关系副词when，where，why等。

1.as引导定语从句

（1）as引导定语从句，相当于which。

如I am from shanghai，as/which you know。

但as引导的定语从句可以放在句首，而which不能；

例：As you know，I am from shanghai。

（2）as可作为关系代词来引导定语从句，既可以单独引导从句，又可以与主句中的the same 或such 相呼应，从句中的谓语动词常省略。

2.关系代词that与which用法区别：

（1）which可以引导一个非限制性定语从句，that则不能；

（2）which之前可以有介词，that之前则不能；

（3）只能用that，而不能用which的主要情形：

——当先行词是all，anything，few，little，much，none，nothing，something 等不定代词时；

——当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时；

——当先行词被the very，the only等词修饰时。

例：Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems to which they have not found solutions so far。

二．状语从句

1. 让步状语从句

（1）由no matter + wh-疑问词【no matter what】和wh-疑问词+ever

【whatever】。但wh-疑问词+ever【whatever】引导的名词从句则不能用no matter替换。

Take the coat ，no matter what coat it is / whatever coat it is .

（2）No matter whether…or…结构中可将no matter省略，形成whether…or…或whether…or not 引导选择条件句。

例；The substance does not dissolve in water whether {it is}heated or not。

2．条件状语从句

翻译条件状语从句时，要注意时态的选择。

例；Please come here at ten tomorrow morning if it is convenient for you。条件状语从句，用if引导；主句是祈使句，相当于将来时态，故从句应用一般现在时。

3. 时间状语从句

例；We do not know it until a doctor discovered it by chance。

4. 原因状语从句

常见引导原因状语从句的引导词有；because，as，now that/since， in that 等。

三．名词性从句

1. 主语从句

汉语中的“的”字结构可译成英语的主语从句，用what引导，相当于the thing that。

例：What many people have not realized is that read books is a insteresting thing。

2. 表语从句

In my seventies，one change I notice is that I am more easily to get tired than before。

四．比较结构

1. as…as【与…一样】，more…than【比…更】，a bit/a little/a

lot/even/far/gretly/many/much/sightly/still+形容词/副词比较级这些结构。

注意：more than 表示‘不只是，只不过’；no more…than…=not…any more than…,表示‘与…一样不…’。

例：I would prefer shopping online to shopping in a department store because it is more convenient and time-saving。

例：Since my childhood I have found that nothing is more attractive to me than reading。

2．The more…the more…“越…越…”

例：The more you explain ，the more confused me。

3倍数表达法

——A is 倍数+the size/length/width of B【A是B的几倍大/长/宽】

——A is 倍数+形容词或副词原级+as B【A是B的几倍】

——A is 倍数 more than B【A是B的几倍】

例：On average，it is said,visitors spend only half as much money in a day in Leeds as in London.

4.表示与…相比较的短语{compare with和in comparison with}

例：Your losses in trade this year are nothing compared with/in comparison with mine。

五．情态动词

1. 情态动词中的must，can，could，may，might都表示推测。其中must可能性最大，can和could其次，may和might最小。

2. 情态动词完成时所表达的意义：

——could have done 本科可能做

——may/might have done 也许做了

——should have done 本应做

——must have done 肯定做过

六．倒装结构

1. 有否定含义的副词或短语位于句首作状语，这类词有：neither，never，

no，rarely，hardly…when，little，few，in no case ，no sooner…than等。

例：Not until he fanish his work did he realize he was seriously ill。

2. 含有only的状语或宾语位于句首时，其句子的主谓要部分倒装。

例：Not only did he charge me too much，but he completed his mission。

3．虚拟语气的让步状语从句中，在省略了lf的情况下主谓部分倒装。

Had I taken your advice【if I had taken your advice 】，all this misery might have been avoided。

七．虚拟语气

1. 虚拟语气用于非真实条件句

（1）由if引导的非真实条件句表示对现在过去将来的事实进行假设时，主从，句的谓语动词形式如下所示

表虚拟的时间If从句谓语形式主句谓语形式

现在过去时Would/should/could/might+动词

原形

过去Had+过去分词Would/should/could/might+have

done

将来一般过去时

Were to+动词原形

Should+动词原形Would/should/could/might+动词原形

例：If she had returned an hour latter，Mary would not have been caught in the heave rain。

（2）有些介词或介词短语含有隐含的条件含义，其虚拟形式与if引导的非真实条件状语从句类似，需根据从句所用的时态，来选择主句谓语形式。这些词包括：without，but for，were it not for等。

2.虚拟语气用于状语

（1）lest，in case 或 for fear that 引导的目的状语从句中，谓语动词用【should+动词原形】

（2）在as if或as though引导的方式状语从句中，谓语动词虚拟式的变化要依据对过去，现在，将来的假设选择适当的动词虚拟式。

例：You would better take a sweater with you in case it gets cold。

3.虚拟语气用于宾语从句中

（1） Wish后的宾语从句可用三种谓语动词形式表示虚拟：

——一般过去时表示对现在情况的假设

——过去完成时表示对过去情况的假设

——would+动词原形表示对将来的愿望

例：sometimes I wish I were living in a different time and different place。

（2） would rather，would sooner，might as well，would prefer 后面跟虚

拟语气表示愿望，意为宁愿，但愿，形式为：

——would ranther/sooner+主语+谓语动词过去式表示现在或将来的愿望

——would ranther/sooner+主语+动词过去完成时表示过去的愿望

例：I would rather I had not gone to the party yesterday。

（3） if only引导的感叹句表示但愿，要是……就好了。其用法和wish基本相同，只是感情色彩更强烈。

（4）在表示命令，建议等动词后的宾语从句中要求用虚拟语气形式，谓语形式为{should}+动词原形

例：The teacher raquired that we {should }hand in our homework by Wednesday。

4.it is +形容词/名词+that结构中

例：It is essential that these application forms{should} be sent as early as possible.

5.虚拟语气用于it is {high/about}time结构

it is {high/about}tim后接虚拟语气，常用过去时，表示该是干…的时候了。

注意句型：it is the firt{second/third}tim e that …表示一种经历，从句要用完成时态

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