2007年英语专业八级真题_答案

2007年英语专业八级真题答案

PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION

SECTION A MINI-LECTURE

In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONL Y. while listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but yon will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. when the lecture is over, yon will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.

题1 - 10

[原文]

Good morning, today's lecture, is the very first of a series of lectures on art history, so I'd like to spend some time discussing with you the following topic: Why do we need to study art history? And what can we learn from it?

First of all, I'd say, if you study art history, this might be a good way to learn more about a culture, than it's possible to learn in general history classes. You know, most typical history courses concentrate on politics, economics and war, but art history focuses on much more than this. Because art reflects not only the political values of a people, but also their religious beliefs, emotions etc. In addition, information about the daily activities of our ancestors can be provided by art, like what people did for a living, what kind of dress they wore, what ceremonies they held etc. In short, art can express the essential qualities of a time and a place, and the study of it clearly offers us a deeper understanding than can be found in most history books and enables us to learn more things about human society and civilization.

The second point I'd like to make is about the type of information. In history books, information is objective, that is facts about political economic life of a country are given, but opinions are not expressed. Art, on the other hand, is subjective. It reflects personal emotions and opinions. For example, Francisco Goya was a great Spanish painter and also perhaps the first truly political artist. In his famous painting, The Third of May 1808, he showed soldiers shooting a group of simple people. His description of soldiers and their victims has become a symbol of the enormous power or the misuse of this power that the government can have over its people. Over 100 years later, on another continent, the powerful paintings of Mexican artists depicted their deep anger and sadness about social problems. In summary, through art you can find a personal and emotional view of history.

Thirdly, art can reflect a culture's religious beliefs. For hundreds of years in Europe, religious art was almost the only type of art that existed. Churches and other religious buildings were filled with paintings that showed people and stories from the Bible. By contrast, one of the main characteristics of art in the Middle East was (and still is), its absence of human and animal images. This reflects the Islamic belief that these images are unholy. Thus, on palaces, mosques and other buildings, Islamic artists have created unique decoration of great beauty with images of flowers of geometric forms, for example, circles, squares and triangles. The same is true of other places, like Africa and Pacific Islands. Art also reflects the religious beliefs of traditional cultures in these places. As a matter of fact, religion is the purpose for this art and it's, therefore, absolutely essential to it. Traditional art in Africa and Pacific Islands is different from Christian art. Christian art

Pacific Islands is the influence of spiritual powers, that is gods to enter people's lives. Each tribe or village there had special ceremonies with songs and dances to make sure that crops, animals and people are healthy and increasing in number. The dancers in the ceremonies wear masks, head dresses and costumes that they believe are necessary to influence gods. SO these masks, head dresses themselves, are revelry part of the art.

As we said, art depends on culture, different forms of art result from different cultures. Similarly, the way that people view art also depends on their cultural background. This is my fourth point. For most Europeans and Americans, art is mainly for decoration. It is something on a museum wall or in a glass case. It makes their homes more attractive. People look at it and admire it: "Oh, what a beautiful painting!" Besides, ideas are expressed in this art. This is a wonderful statue, and admiring it, 1 might say: "It makes such a strong antiwar statement." But in other places, art is not considered to be separated from everyday existence. It has a function, it has a practical role to play in people's lives. A person in a tribal society might look at a mask and say: "Oh, this is a good mask. It would keep my house safe." In brief, the way in which people enjoy or appreciate art depends on their culture.

To conclude my lecture, we can say that art is a reflection of various cultures. But at the same time, we have to remember that art also reflects the changes in society that take place when different cultures influence one another. As people from tribal societies move to urban areas, their values and beliefs change accordingly and their traditional art forms begin to lose their function. At the same time, urban artists begin to learn a lot from traditional art. For example, African masks and figures had a great influence on Picasso's works. And many American and Canadian artists study the simplicity of Japanese painting. The result is that as the world gets smaller, the art of each culture becomes more international.

OK, this brings us to the end of our lecture. I hope that after today's lecture, you'll understand better the significance of the study of art history. Art enables us to know more about human history, for example, people's views and opinions about certain historical events, and what's more important, about different cultures, their religious beliefs, perception of art etc.

What Can We Learn from Art?

Ⅰ.Introduction

A. Differences between general history and art history

--Focus :

--general history: (1)

--art history: political values, emotions, everyday life, etc.

B. Significance of study

More information and better understanding of human society and civilization.

Ⅱ.Types of information

A. Information in hi story book is (2)

--facts, but no opinions

B. Information in art history is subjective

-- (3) and opinions

e.g.--Spanish painters' works: misuse of governmental power

--Mexican artists' works: attitudes towards social problems

Ⅲ.Art as a reflection of religious beliefs

A. Europe: (4) in pictures in churches

Reason: human and (5) are not seen as holy

C. Africa and the Pacific Islands: Masks, headdresses and costumes in special

ceremonies

Purpose: to seek the help of (6) to protect crops, animals and people Ⅳ. Perceptions of Art

How people see art is related to their cultural background

A. Europeans and Americans

-- (7)

--expression of ideas

B. People in other places

--part of everyday life

-- (8) use

Ⅴ. Art as a reflection of social changes

A. Cause of changes: (9) of different cultures

B. Changes

--tribal people: effects of (10) on art forms

--European artists: influence of African traditional art in their works

--American and Canadian artists: study of Japanese painting

1.economics and war

2.objective

3.personal emotions

4.the Bible

5.animal images

6.the God

7.decoration

8.practical

9. influence; interaction 10.urbanization

SECTION B

In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your ANSWER SHEET.

题11 - 15

[原文]

W: Nigel Linge is editor of Business Travel Weekly. Nigel, thanks for being on the show. Now, what kind of problems do airline passengers face nowadays?

M: Well, most of the problems are caused by the heavy volume of traffic. You know, all airports have a limit to the number of take-offs and landings they can handle.

W: So what seems to be the problem?

M: All flights from a busy airport arrive and leave at more or less the same time. If 60 aircraft are scheduled to take off between 5 p.m. and 5:15, and the airport can only handle 120 an hour, that means some will always be late landing or taking-off. And if the weather is bad, oh, you can imagine what the situation is like. So passengers have to be loaded into each plane, and then the planes have to line up to take off.

W: So waiting at the lounge or on the plane is quite common.

M: Certainly. And another problem that's very common is over-booking. Quite often you hear an announcement on the airport loudspeakers: "We have over sold on this flight and would like volunteers to go on the next flight out. " If you decide to volunteer, you may get a cash bribe or free-trip voucher, but make sure you get a guaranteed seat on the next flight and a free phone call to whoever is meeting you on the other end. And worse still, you arrive with confirmed reservation

W: Presumably, if you choose to travel at off-peak times, there are few problems.

M: Well, there are no off-peak times, All flights seem to be full except Saturday. I don't quite understand why this is so. You know, if there is a public holiday, things are likely to be especially busy. The special fare systems on the airline's computers encourage more people to fly on less popular flights and this means that as a result all flights are equally full.

W: So, what advice would you give to business travelers?

M: rd say "Avoid big airports if you can". The reason is there are too many flights there. Then, remember not to check your baggage if you can help it. Another thing is "Be prepared for delays". Take something to eat and drink in your hand luggage.

W: Nigel, what kind of mistakes do inexperienced travelers make?

M: The first mistake business travelers make is to take far too much luggage. Remember, take only carry-on luggage, because at most airports, you can get away with two small bags.

W: Oh, I see.

M: Another mistake people make is to think that you have to pay full price for air tickets. You should find out about the different ticket options. For example, an RTW fare can save up to 40% on normal fare.

W: Excuse me, what is RTW?

M: Round the World. For example, if you're going to Australia from the USA, you could go out via Singapore, and come back via North America. And another way to save money is to see if the ticket to a destination beyond it's cheaper. For example, a ticket from Amsterdam from London to New York may be cheaper than one straight from London to New York.

W: Oh, that's very useful information.

M: And another mistake is to go away for too long. Most people's efficiency and energy start to fall off after two weeks away. So my advice is "Keep your trip short", only go for two weeks and never for a longer than three. Another point is "Don't expect everything to go according to plan". You need to learn to expect the unexpected. There may be a typhoon in summer or your taxi may break down on the way to the airport. In other words, don't be optimistic about plans and don't schedule important meetings too closely together. You need to allow time for delays and break-downs.

W: Yeah, this is something travelers have to remember when they plan their trips.

M: And another thing, get to know a good travel agent and make sure he gives you the best possible service. Take discounts for example, a good travel agent can get first-class ticket for the price of business-class. This is because he does enough volume of business and he can get discounts with airlines on his own behalf. He should pass them on to you. So make sure he indeed does.

W: I think the worst part of a trip is having to travel overnight or being stuck for a weekend in some dreadful place. Are there any ways avoiding that?

M: Yes. We can break or stop over in a more relaxing or lively place. It's often available at special cheap weekend rate. Various airlines and hotel chains offer these. And it's always more pleasant to stay a night in a hotel than on a plane even if you travel business-class.

W: Yes. OK, thank you, Nigel, for all the useful information and advice.

M: Pleasure!

11.

According to Nigel, most problems of air travel are caused by ________.

[A] Unfavorable weather conditions. [B] Airports handling capacity. [C] Inadequate ticketing service. [D] Overbooking.

[参考答案] B

12.

which of the following is not mentioned as compensation for volunteers for the next fight out? [A] Free ticket. [B] Free phone call [C] Cash reward [D] Seat reservation

[参考答案] C

13.

Why does Nigel suggest that business travelers avoid big airports?

[A] Because all flights in and out of there are full. [B] Because the volume of traffic is heavy.

[C] Because there are more popular flights. [D] Because there are more delays and cancellations. [参考答案] B

14.

According to Nigel, inexperience travelers are likely to make the following mistakes except ________.

[A] Booking on less popular flights. [B] buying tickets at full price. [C] carrying excessive luggage. [D] planning long business trips.

[参考答案] D

15.

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?

[A] The possibility of discounts depends on a travel agent's volume of business. [B] Longer flights to the same destination maybe cheaper. [C] It is advisable to plan every detail of a trip in advance. [D] Arranging for stopovers can avoid overnight travel.

[参考答案] C

SECTION C

In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your ANSWER SHEET.

题16

[原文]

The death toll rose to 74 on Tuesday in Japan's deadliest rail crash in decades as crews pulled more victims from the wreckage. Investigators focused on whether excessive speed or the driver's inexperience had caused the train to derail and slam into an apartment building. The 7-car commuter train carrying 580 passengers left the rails Monday morning in Amagasaki, a suburb of Osaka, about 250 miles west of Tokyo, it injured more than 440 people.

16.

what happened on Monday?

[A] A train crash occurred causing minor injuries. [B] Investigator found out the cause of the accident. [C] Crews rescued more passengers from the site. [D] A commuter train crashed into a building.

[参考答案] D

[原文]

20 of the world's top economies promised to help Iraq lower its debt and to help restart global trade talks after a 2-day meeting in Mexico on Monday. Officials from the group of 20, G20 Nations, also discussed the possibility of sanctioning countries that refused to cooperate in the fight against terrorism. Possible sanctions were not outlined at the meeting. In a declaration released at the end of the meeting, ministers called on World Trade Organization, WTO members, to restart the trade talks that collapsed in Kankoon last month. Nations must quickly reenergize the negotiation process, recognizing that flexibility and political will from all are urgently needed, it said. G20 ministers also talked about the possibility of creating a V oluntary Code of Conduct to govern negotiations between creditors and countries on the verge of defaulting on debt. The code would outline the steps that should be taken to prevent a financial crisis. Created in 1999 to avoid financial disasters and to keep the global economy stable, the G20 is made up of the European Union and 19 other countries including Australia, Brazil, China, Japan and the US.

17.

Which of the following was not on the agenda of the G20 meeting?

[A] Iraq debts [B] WTO talks [C] Financial disasters [D] Possible sanctions

[参考答案] C

18.

The G20 is a(n)________ organization.

[A] International [B] European [C] Regional [D] Asian

[参考答案] A

题19 - 20

[原文]

The United Nations celebrated the 60th anniversary of its Charter on Monday, the speakers addressing the UN General Assembly. UN Secretary General Kofi Annan said the UN had both successes and failures in carrying out the pledges in the Charter. The UN Charter is the constitution of the organization. It was signed in San Francisco on June 26th, 1945 by the 50 original member countries. It took effect on October 24th, 1945 after being improved by the 5 founding members: China, France, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom and the United States and the majority of the

signed it are bound by its articles. It states that the Charter comes first above all other treaties. Its main purposes include the prevention of new conflict, building peace and protecting human rights and social progress. The most important chapters are these dealing with enforcement powers of UN bodies. They describe, for example, the Security Council's power to investigate and mediate disputes. They also describe its power to authorize economic, diplomatic and military sanctions as well as the use of military force to resolve disputes. The UN, late last year, revealed a proposal to overhaul the organization, including the Security Council. This could be the most comprehensive UN reform since its foundation。

19.

The UN Charter went into effect after ________.

[A] It was signed by the 50 original member countries. [B] It was approved by the founders and other member countries. [C] It was approved by the founding members [D] It was signed by the founding members.

[参考答案] C

20.

Which of the following best describe the role of the charter?

[A] The Charter only describes powers of the UN bodies. [B] The Charter mainly aims to promote world economy. [C] The charter is a treaty above all other treaties. [D] The charter authorizes reforms in UN bodies.

[参考答案] C

Part II READING COMPREHENSION

In this section there are several reading passages followed by a total of twenty multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.

题21 - 25

Text A

The Welsh language has always been the ultimate marker of Welsh identity, but a generation ago it looked as if Welsh would go the way of Manx, once widely spoken on the isle of Man but now extinct. Government financing and central planning, however, have helped reverse the decline of Welsh. Road signs and official public documents are written in both Welsh and English, and schoolchildren are required to learn both languages. Welsh is now one of the most successful of Europe's regional languages, spoken by more than a half-million of the country's three million people.

The revival of the language, particularly among young people, is part of a resurgence of national identity sweeping through this small, proud nation. Last month Wales marked the second anniversary of the opening of the National Assembly, the first parliament to be convened here since 1404. The idea behind devolution was to restore the balance within the union of nations making up the United Kingdom. With most of the people and wealth, England has always had bragging rights. The partial transfer of legislative powers from Westminster, implemented by Tony Blair, was designed to give the other members of the club- Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Wales-a bigger say and to counter centrifugal forces that seemed to threaten the very idea of the union.

for a parliament, the vote for a Welsh assembly scraped through by less than one percent on a turnout of less than 25 percent. Its powers were proportionately limited. The Assembly can decide how money from Westminster or the European Union is spent. It cannot, unlike its counterpart in Edinburgh, enact laws. But now that it is here, the Welsh are growing to like their Assembly. Many people would like it to have more powers. Its importance as figurehead will grow with the opening in 2003, of a new debating chamber, one of many new buildings that are transforming Cardiff from a decaying seaport into a Baltimore-style waterfront city. Meanwhile a grant of nearly two million dollars from the European Union will tackle poverty. Wales is one of the poorest regions in Western Europe- only Spain, Portugal, and Greece have a lower standard of living.

Newspapers and magazines are filled with stories about great Welsh men and women, boosting self-esteem. To familiar faces such as Dylan Thomas and Richard Burton have been added new icons such as Catherine Zeta-Jones, the movie star, and Bryn Terfel, the opera singer. Indigenous foods like salt marsh lamb are in vogue. And Wales now boasts a national airline. Awyr Cymru. Cymru, which means “land of compatriots,” is the Welsh name for Wales. The red dragon, the nation's symbol since the time of King Arthur, is everywhere- on T-shirts, rugby jerseys and even cell phone covers.

“Until very recent times most Welsh people had this feeli ng of being second-class citizens,” said Dyfan Jones, an 18-year-old student. It was a warm summer night, and I was sitting on the grass with a group of young people in Llanelli, an industrial town in the south, outside the rock music venue of the National Eisteddfod, Wales's annual cultural festival. The disused factory in front of us echoed to the sounds of new Welsh bands.

“There was almost a genetic tendency for lack of confidence,” Dyfan continued. Equally comfortable in his Welshness as in his membership in the English-speaking, global youth culture and the new federal Europe, Dyfan, like the rest of his generation, is growing up with a sense of possibility unimaginable ten years ago.“We used to think. We can't do anything, we're only Welsh. Now I think that's changing.”

21.

According to the passage, devolution was mainly meant to ________.

[A] maintain the present status among the nations. [B] reduce legislative powers of England.

[C] create a better state of equality among the nations. [D] grant more say to all the nations in the union.

[参考答案] C

[详细解答]

细节题。第二段第三句提到了devolution(权力下放)的理念：使组成大不列颠联合王国各成员国之间的平衡得以恢复。[C]中的create 8 better state of equality是对restore the balance的同义转述，故为答案。原文中的restore表明，平衡已遭到破坏，英国在力图修复，排除：[A]；末句指出"权力部分下放"的原因：旨在还击似乎威胁着联盟理念的政权分散力量，[B]与此不符；末句只提到英国政府计划赋予苏格兰、北爱尔兰、威尔士更大发言权，并非所有成员国，[D]为绝对项，排除。

22.

The word "centrifugal" in the second paragraph means ________.

[参考答案] A

[详细解答]

语义理解题。根据第二段末句中centrifugal forces that seemed to threaten the verv idea of the union推断，centrifugal的含义应该与union的意思相反，是威胁联盟理念的某种力量。[A]意为"分立主义的"，与"联盟的"意思相对，故为答案。

23.

Wales is different from Scotland in all the following aspects EXCEPT ________.

[A] people's desire for devolution. [B] locals' turnout for the voting. [C] powers of the legislative body. [D] status of the national language.

[参考答案] D [您的答案] [得分] 0

[详细解答]

细节题。第三段首句提到威尔士人对权力下放没什么热情。然后用Whereas话锋一转，指出苏格兰人对权力下放的不同反响，可见[A]是两者之间的区别。第二句指出：苏格兰人以压倒性的多数投票选举议会，而威尔士人对议会进行选举时，其投票人数低于25％，仅以超过法定票数不到l％的票数勉强通过。可见两者投票选举的出席人数也不同，[B]符合文意。第i 句指出威尔士人不热衷选举的结果：权力受到限制。第五句明确指出其与苏格兰的不同：没有立法权。[C]符合文意。只有[D]未提及，故为答案。

24.

Which of the following is NOT cited as an example of the resurgence of Welsh national identity? [A] Welsh has witnessed a revival as a national language. [B] Poverty-relief funds have come from the European Union. [C] A Welsh national airline is currently in operation. [D] The national symbol has become a familiar sight.

[参考答案] B

[详细解答]

细节题。第二段首句明确指出：The revival of t he language…is part 0f a resuI'gence of national identity sweeping through this small，proud nation．[A]是威尔士复兴的一个例证。第四段提到威尔士复兴的其他例证，第四句中的"a national airline"表明[C]是例证之一。最后一句提到到处都印有威尔士的国家标志：红色的龙。[D]是对该部分内容的概括。虽然第三段倒数第二句提到"威尔士从欧盟得到近200万美元解决贫困问题"，但该部分内容是对威尔士情况的介绍，并非国家地位复兴的例证，故[B]为答案。

25.

According to Dyfan Jones what has changed is ________.

[A] people's mentality. [B] pop culture. [C] town's appearance. [D] possibilities for the people.

[详细解答]

推断题。最后两段提到Dyfan Jones的看法，末段首句指出Dyfan Jones认为威尔士人生来缺乏信心。接着提到像他这一代的年轻人的信心逐渐增加，最后引用Dyfan Jones的话加以说明。由此可见，Dyfan Jones认为威尔士人的心态发生了变化，故[A]为答案。末段倒数第二句提到"a sense 0f possibility"，这里是指威尔士人逐渐认为有些事情是可以做到的，说明他们的信心在加强，并非[D]"威尔士人的机会增多"，排除。

题26 - 29

Text B

Getting to the heart of Kuwaiti democracy seems hilariously easy. Armed only with a dog-eared NEWSWEEK ID, I ambled through the gates of the National Assembly last week. Unscanned, unsearched, my satchel could easily have held the odd grenade or an anthrax-stuffed lunchbox. The only person who stopped me was a guard who grinned and invited me to take a swig of orange juice from his plastic bottle.

Were I a Kuwaiti woman wielding a ballot, I would have been a clearer and more present danger. That very day Parliament blocked a bill giving women the vote; 29 M.P.s voted in favour and 29 against, with two abstentions. Unable to decide whether the bill had passed or not, the government scheduled another vote in two weeks- too late for women to register for June's municipal elections. The next such elections aren't until 2009. Inside the elegant, marbled Parliament itself, a sea of mustachioed men in white robes sat in green seats, debating furiously. The ruling emir has pushed for women's political rights for years. Ironically, the democratically elected legislature has thwarted him. Traditionalists and tribal leaders are opposed. Liberals fret, too, that Islamists will let their multiple wives vote, swelling conservative ranks. "When I came to Parliament today, people who voted yes didn't even shake hands with me," said one Shia cleric. "Why can't we respect each other and work together?"

Why not indeed? By Gulf standards, Kuwait is a democratic superstar. Its citizens enjoy free speech (as long as they don't insult their emir, naturally) and boast a Parliament that can actually pass laws. Unlike their Saudi sisters, Kuwaiti women drive, work and travel freely. They run multibillion-dollar businesses and serve as ambassadors. Their academic success is such that colleges have actually lowered the grades required for make students to get into medical and engineering courses. Even then, 70 percent of university students are females.

In Kuwait, the Western obsession with the higab finds its equivalent. At a fancy party for NEWSWEEK's Arabic edition, some Kuwaiti women wore them. Others opted for tight, spangled, sheer little numbers in peacock blue or parrot orange. For the party's entertainment, Nancy Ajram, the Arab world's answer to Britney Spears, sang passionate songs of love in a white mini-dress. She couldn't dance for us, alas, since shaking one's body onstage is illegal in Kuwait. That didn't stop whole tables of men from raising their camera-enabled mobile phones and clicking her picture.

You'd think not being able to vote or dance in public would anger Kuwait's younger generation of women. To find out, I headed to the malls--Kuwait's archipelago of civic freedom. Eager to duck strict parents and the social taboos of dating in public, young Kuwaitis have taken to cafes, beaming flirtatious infrared e-mails to one another on their cell photos. At Starbucks in the glittering Al Sharq Mall, I found only tables of men, puffing cigarettes and grumbling about the service. At Pizza Hut, I thought I'd got an answer after encountering a young woman who looked every inch the modern suffragette--drainpipe jeans, strappy sliver high-heeled sandals and a higab studded with

University, doesn't think women need the vote." Men are better at politics than women,"she explained, adding that women in Kuwait already have everything they need. Welcome to democracy, Kuwait style.

26.

According to the passage, which of the following groups of people might be viewed as being dangerous by the guards?

[A] Foreign tourists. [B] Women protestors. [C] Foreign journalists. [D] Members of the National Assembly.

[参考答案] B

[详细解答]

细节题。第二段首句使用了虚拟语气，表明对警卫来说，危险人物是那些挥舞着选票的科威特妇女，从后面内容可知赋予女性选举权这一法案没有通过，那么手里举着选票的女性应该是那些抗议者．故[B]为答案。

27.

The bill giving women the vote did not manage to pass because ________.

[A] Different interest groups held different concerns. [B] Liberals did not reach consensus among themselves. [C] Parliament was controlled by traditionalists. [D] Parliament members were all conservatives.

[参考答案] A

[详细解答]

推断题。第三段分析了付与女性选举权这一法案没有通过的原因：传统主义者和部落首领反对，自由主义者也烦心，他们担心伊斯兰主义者会让他们几个妻子都参加选举，这样会扩大保守主义者的阵营。可见该法案没有通过的原因是各方利益不同，无法达成共识，故[A]为答案。其余三项为过度推断，其中[D]为绝对项，可直接排除

28.

What is the role of the 4th and 5th paragraphs in the development of the topic?

[A] To show how Kuwaiti women enjoy themselves. [B] To describe how women work and study in Kuwait. [C] To provide a contrast to the preceding paragraphs. [D] To provide a contrast to the preceding paragraphs.

[参考答案] C

[详细解答]

篇章结构题。第二段和第三段提到科威特议会否决了提议给与女性选举权的议案，并简要分析原因。这给读者留下了科威特女性地位低下，没有民主权利的印象。第四段和第五段则说明科威特的民主环境很好，人们有言论自由，女性成就很高，她们也勇于追求时尚，穿紧身衣，迷你裙。这与前面内容构成了鲜明的对比，故[D]为答案。

29.

Which of the following is NOT true about young Kuwaiti women?

[A] They seem to be quite contented. [B] They go in for Western fashions. [C] They desire more than modern necessities. [D] They favour the use of hi-tech products.

[参考答案] C

[详细解答]

推断题。末段介绍了科威特年轻女性的生活状况和心态。第三句提到年轻人通过手机发送电子邮件调情，可见她们热衷使用高科技产品，[D]符合文意。倒数第二段首句提到科威特人热衷西方时尚，末段第五句描述了一个外表看起来十分现代的女大学生：松松垮垮的牛仔裤等，[B]符合文意。最后三句引用Mariam Al-Enizi的观点：男性比女性精于政治，科威特妇女有了需要的一切，[A]符合文意，[c]与此矛盾，故为答案。

题30 - 35

Text C

Richard, King of England from 1189 to 1199, with all his characteristic virtues and faults cast in a heroic mould, is one of the most fascinating medieval figures. He has been described as the creature and embodiment of the age of chivalry, In those days the lion was much admired in heraldry, and more than one king sought to link himself with its repute. When Richard's contemporaries called him" Coeur de Lion"(The Lion heart), they paid a lasting compliment to the king of beasts. Little did the English people owe him for his services, and heavily did they pay for his adventures. He was in England only twice for a few short months in his ten years' reign; yet his memory has always English hearts, and seems to present throughout the centuries the pattern of the fighting man. In all deeds of prowess as well as in large schemes of war Richard shone. He was tall and delicately shaped strong in nerve and sinew, and most dexterous in arms. He rejoiced in personal combat, and regarded his opponents without malice as necessary agents in his fame He loved war, not so much for the sake of glory or political ends, but as other men love science or poetry, for the excitement of the struggle and the glow of victory. By this his whole temperament was toned; and united with the highest qualities of the military commander, love of war called forth all the powers of his mind and body.

Although a man of blood and violence, Richard was too impetuous to be either treacherous on habitually cruel. He was as ready to forgive as he was hasty to offend; he was open-handed and munificent to profusion; in war circumspect in design and skilful in execution; in political a child, lacking in subtlety and experience. His political alliances were formed upon his likes and dislikes; his political schemes had neither unity nor clearness of purpose. The advantages gained for him by military geoids were flung away through diplomatic ineptitude. When, on the journey to the East, Messina in Sicily was won by his arms he was easily persuaded to share with his polished, faithless ally, Philip Augustus, fruits of a victory which more wisely used might have foiled the French King's artful schemes. The rich and tenable acquisition of Cyprus was cast away even more easily than it was won. His life was one magnificent parade, which, when ended, left only an empty plain.

In 1199, when the difficulties of raising revenue for the endless war were at their height, good news was brought to King Richard. It was said there had been dug up near the castle of Chaluz, on the lands of one of his French vassals, a treasure of wonderful quality; a group of golden images of an emperor, his wife, sons and daughters, seated round a table, also of gold, had been unearthed. The King claimed this treasure as lord paramount. The lord of Chaluz resisted the demand, and the King laid siege to his small, weak castle. On the third day, as he rode daringly, near the wall, confident in his hard-tried luck, a bolt from a crossbow struck him in the left shoulder by the neck. The wound, already deep, was aggravated by the necessary cutting out of the arrow-head. Gangrene

fortitude and calm, and in accordance with the principles he had followed. He arranged his affairs, he divided his personal belongings among his friends or bequeathed them to charity. He declared John to be his heir, and made all present swear fealty to him. He ordered the archer who had shot the fatal bolt, and who was now a prisoner, to be brought before him. He pardoned him, and made him a gift of money. For seven years he had not confessed for fear of being compelled to be reconciled to Philip, but now he received the offices of the Church with sincere and exemplary piety, and died in the forty-second year of his age on April 6, 1199, worthy, by the consent of all men, to sit with King Arthur and Roland and other heroes of martial romance at some Eternal round Table, which we trust the Creator of the Universe in His comprehension will not have forgotten to provide. The archer was flayed alive.

30.

“little did the English people own him for his service”(paragraph one) means that the English ________.

[A] paid few taxes to him. [B] gave him little respect. [C] received little protection from him.

[D] had no real cause to feel grateful to him.

[参考答案] D

[详细解答]

语义理解题。从本文开篇首句中的heroic，fascinating medieval figures可以看出人们对Richard 的评价是正面的。本题所在句的前后两部分是一个对比关系，这从该句后面内容可以看出：他在位的十年间，只在英国呆过两次，每次都是短短的几个月…。这说明该句前面的little是指Richard为他的子民做的事情并不多，后面的heavily说明人们为他的冒险(此处指后面提到的战争)花费巨大，故[D]为答案。

31.

To say that his wife was a “magnificent parade”(Paragraph Two) implies that it was to some extent ________.

[A] spent chiefly at war. [B] impressive and admirable. [C] lived too pompously [D] an empty show.

[参考答案] D

[详细解答]

语义理解题。第二段对Richard的性格、行为进行了概括介绍，第四句是作者对Richard的评价：是军事方面的天才，但缺乏外交手腕。之后的两句举例进行说明：在西西里打赢了战争之后，轻而易举地让法国国王分享了成果。在攻下塞浦路斯之后，又轻易地放弃了。该段末句是对前面两句的总结：他的一生是盛大的阅兵式，但最终留下的只是旷野。这说明作者认为Richard一生的戎马生涯华而不实，没有实质性的收获，因此前面的magnificent parade的意思是“盛大的”，故[C]为答案。[D]是对该句全句意思的总结，不是magnificent parade的含义，排除。

32.

Richard's behaviour as death approached showed ________.

[A] bravery and self-control. [B] Wisdom and correctness [C] Devotion and romance [D] Chivalry and charity

[参考答案] D

[详细解答]

细节题。第三段第八句提到Richard面对死亡的表现：坚毅，冷静，符合他所遵循的原则。从首段第二句“He has been described as the creature and embodiment of the age of chivalr y．”可知，这里的principles是指前面提到的骑士精神。第九句提到他将个人财物或分给朋友，或遗赠给慈善机构，这说明他很仁厚，故[D]为答案。此处没有提到self-control，排除[A]。

33.

The point of the last short paragraph is that Richard was ________.

[A] cheated by his own successors [B] determined to take revenge on his enemies. [C] more generous to his enemies than his successors. [D] unable to influence the behavior of his successors.

[参考答案] D [您的答案] [得分] 0

[详细解答]

细节题。第三段倒数第二句指出Richard对射伤他的射手的处置办法：原谅了他，给他钱当作礼物。这说明他非常仁厚，容易原谅敌人。而全文最后一句指出：射手被活剥了皮。显然，Richard比其继任者John更宽宏大量，故[C]为答案。[A]和[D]为过度推断，[B]与原文相悖，排除。

34.

Which of the following phrase best describes Richard as seen by the author?

[A] An aggressive king, too fond of war. [B] A brave king with minor faults. [C] A competent but cunning soldier. [D] A kind with great political skills.

[参考答案] B

[详细解答]

态度题。本题考查作者对Richard的评价。文章开篇中的heroic和the most fascinating，chivalry，admired等说明作者对Richard的整体评价是正面的。接下来，作者对Richard的性格，一生行为等进行概括，其中第二段第四句指出他缺乏外交手腕，并举例进行说明。作者在首段倒数第五句中提到Richard的勇敢“In all deeds of prowess”，可见[B]是作者对Richard的评价。[A]为负面评价，与全文基调不符。[C]中的cunning也带有贬义，排除。[D]与原文中的diplomatic ineptitude矛盾。

35.

The relationship between the first and second paragraphs is that _________.

[A] each presents one side of the picture. [B] the first generalizes the second gives examples.

[C] the second is the logical result of the first. [D] both present Richard's virtues and faults.

[参考答案] A

[详细解答]

篇章结构题。首段开篇对Richard进行了正面评价：骑士时代的象征；英勇事迹多；战功卓越。接着第二段首句用让步状语从句进行过渡：尽管他是一个与鲜血和武力打交道的人，Richard性格还是过于冲动，不是背信弃义、冷酷无情。之后作者提到了Richard在政治外交方面的表现：政治联盟建立在个人喜好的基础上；政治计划既不连贯也缺乏明确目的；缺乏外交手腕。可见首段是对Richard的肯定，第二段则指出他的不足之处，两段为对比关系，故[A]为答案。两者之间不是例证关系，也并非因果关系，排除[B]和[C]。首段只提到Richard

题36 - 40

TEXT D

The miserable fate of Enron's employees will be a landmark in business history, one of those awful events that everyone agrees must never be allowed to happen again. This urge is understandable and noble: thousands have lost virtually all their retirement savings with the demise of Enron stock. But making sure it never happens again may not be possible, because the sudden impoverishment of those Enron workers represents something even larger than it seems. It's the latest turn in the unwinding of one of the most audacious promise of the 20th century.

The promise was assured economic security-even comfort- for essentially everyone in the developed world. With the explosion of wealth, that began in the 19th century it became possible to think about a possibility no one had dared to dream before. The fear at the center of daily living since caveman days- lack of food warmth, shelter- would at last lose its power to terrify. That remarkable promise became reality in many ways. Governments created welfare systems for anyone in need and separate programmes for the elderly (Social Security in the U.S.). Labour unions promised not only better pay for workers but also pensions for retirees. Giant corporations came into being and offered the possibility- in some cases the promise- of lifetime employment plus guaranteed pensions.? The cumulative effect was a fundamental change in how millions of people approached life itself, a reversal of attitude that most rank as one of the largest in human history. For millennia the average person's stance toward providing for himself had been. Ultimately I'm on my own. Now it became, Ultimately I'll be taken care of.

The early hints that this promise might be broken on a large scale came in the 1980s. U.S. business had become uncompetitive globally and began restructuring massively, with huge Layoffs. The trend accelerated in the 1990s as the bastions of corporate welfare faced reality. IBM ended it's no-layoff policy. AT&T fired thousands, many of whom found such a thing simply incomprehensible, and a few of whom killed themselves. The other supposed guarantors of our economic security were also in decline. Labour-union membership and power fell to their lowest levels in decades. President Clinton signed a historic bill scaling back welfare. Americans realized that Social Security won't provide social security for any of us.

A less visible but equally significant trend a affected pensions. To make costs easier to control, companies moved away from defined benefit pension plans, which obligate them to pay out specified amounts years in the future, to defined contribution plans, which specify only how much goes into the play today. The most common type of defined-contribution plan is the 401(k). the significance of The 401(k) is that it puts most of the responsibility for a person's economic fate back on the employee. Within limits the employee must decide how much goes into the plan each year and how it gets invested --the two factors that will determine how much it's worth when the employee retires.

Which brings us back to Enron? Those billions of dollars in vaporized retirement savings went in employees' 401(k) accounts. That is, the employees chose how much money to put into those accounts and then chose how to invest it. Enron matched a certain proportion of each employee's 401(k) contribution with company stock, so everyone was going to end up with some Enron in his or her portfolio; but that could be regarded as a freebie, since nothing compels a company to match

shareholders charge top management with illegally covering up the company's problems, prompting investors to hang on when they should have sold. Second, Enron's 401(k) accounts were locked while the company changed plan administrators in October, when the stock was falling, so employees could not have closed their accounts if they wanted to.

But by far the largest cause of this human tragedy is that thousands of employees were heavily overweighed in Enron stock. Many had placed 100% of their 401(k) assets in the stock rather than in the 18 other investment options they were offered. Of course that wasn't prudent, but it's what some of them did.

The Enron employees'' retirement disaster is part of the larger trend away from guaranteed economic security. That's why preventing such a thing from ever happening again may be impossible. The huge attitudinal shift to I'll-be-taken-care-of took at least a generation. The shift back may take just as long. It won't be complete until a new generation of employees see assured economic comfort as a 20th- century quirk, and understand not just intellectually but in their bones that, like most people in most times and places, they're on their own

36.

why does the author say at the beginning “The mise rable fate of Enron's employees will be a landmark in business history…”?

[A] Because the company has gone bankrupt. [B] Because such events would never happen again. [C] Because many Enron workers lost their retirement savings. [D] Because it signifies a turning point in economic security.

[参考答案] D

[详细解答]

推断题。本文开篇提到安然公司的倒闭使得成千员工的退休金没了着落。首段末句指出：这是解读20世纪最大胆的承诺之一的最新转变。英文首段的篇章功能通常为引入主题，这里没有明确指出文章主题，因此第二段会出现全文主旨，首句指出：这个承诺就是保证发达国家中每个人的经济安全，甚至是经济上的舒适。结合首段末句中的tam可以判断[D]是作者该段首句的含义，故为答案。[A]和[C]为简单事实，非深刻内涵，排除。

37.

According to the passage, the combined efforts by governments, layout unions and big corporations to guarantee economic comfort have led to a significant change in ________.

[A] people's outlook on life. [B] people's life styles. [C] people's living standard [D] people's social values.

[参考答案] A

[详细解答]

细节题。第二段提到政府、工会、大公司为了保证人们的经济安全所采取的措施，倒数第三句指出：这些措施累积起来的效果就是成百万的人在生活方面有了根本的改变，人们的态度有了颠覆性的改变，这种改变是人类历史上最巨大的改变之一。最后两句具体说明态度的改变。这部分中的attitude和stance与[A]中的outlook相近，故该项为答案。

38.

[A] the corporate lay-offs. [B] the government cuts in welfare spending. [C] the economic restructuring. [D] the warning power of labors unions.

[参考答案] B

[详细解答]

推断题。第三段首句指出这种提供经济安全的承诺从20世纪80年代开始大规模地被打破了。第二句提到两个原因：美国公司的全球竞争力下降；美国公司开始大规模重组。之后开始举例进行说明，首先提到解雇员工，然后第四段提到退休金，可见退休金计划的改变也是企业经济重组的部分内容，故[C]为答案。[A]与退休金计划改变为并列关系，非包含关系。这里提到的是企业退休金，与政府福利计划和工会无关，排除[B]和[D]。

39.

Thousands of employees chose Enron as their sole investment option mainly because ________. [A] The 401(k) made them responsible for their own future. [B] Enron offered to add company stock to their investment. [C] their employers intended to cut back on pension spending. [D] Enron's offer was similar to a defined-benefit plan.

[参考答案] B

[详细解答]

推断题。倒数第二段指出上千的员工大量投资安然股票，许多人100％投资股票，而不去选择其它投资方式。这里虽然没有明确指明原因，但倒数第四段末句隐含着因果关系：安然公司将员工的401缴款按照一定比例配发公司股票，因此每人的投资组合中都有一些安然的股票。而这被当作是免费的东西。由此可以推定，许多员工只选择安然股票是因为他们认为有便宜可占，故[B]为答案。[A]是对401退休金计划的解释，虽然表述正确，但不是他们选择安然股票的主要原因。其余两项为过度推断。

40.

Which is NOT seen as a lesson drawn from the Enron disaster?

[A] 401(k) assets should be placed in more than one investment option. [B] Employees have to take up responsibilities for themselves. [C] Such events could happen again as it is not easy to change people's mind. [D] Economic security won't be taken for granted by future young workers. [参考答案] D

[详细解答]

推断题。倒数第二段提到一些人大量投资安然股票，甚至100％持有公司股票，导致退休金血本无归，这说明人们投资时要注意分散风险，[A]符合文意。末段提到安然公司的例子表明经济安全有保障的日子一去不复返了。末句呼吁人们要恢复“自我独立”意识，[D]符合文意。该段第三句指出：The shift back may take just as long．这说明从“被照顾”到“依靠自己”的转变是一个漫长的过程。结合首段第三句中的But making sure it never happens again may not be possible，可知[C]符合文意。只有[B]没有提及，无法推出，故为答案。

PART ⅢGENERAL KNOWLEDGE

There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.

题41

41.

The majority of the current population in the UK are decedents of all the following tribes respectively EXCEPT _________.

[A] the Anglos [B] the Celts [C] the Jutes [D] the Saxons

[参考答案] C

[详细解答]

本题考查英国历史知识，[B] the Celts(凯尔特人)是印欧民族的一支，是最早的不列颠人。公元449年，三个日耳曼部落[A] the Anglos(盎格鲁人)，[D]the Saxolls(撒克逊人)和[C] the Jutes(朱特人)入侵不列颠岛，开始厂对不列颠岛上居民凯尔特民族的征服。由于侵入不列颠岛盎格鲁人数最多，撒克逊人次之，不列颠岛逐渐以盎格鲁-撒克逊人命名，现在的英闻人主要是他们的后代，部分英国人是凯尔特人的后代。而朱特人南于人数少，在后来的同化过程中该民族逐渐消忘，故[C]为答案。

题42

42.

The Head of State of Canada is represented by _________.

[A] the Monarch [B] the President [C] the Prime Minister [D] the Governor-general

[参考答案] D

[详细解答]

本题考查加拿大政治常识。加拿大的国家元首是英国女王伊丽莎白二世，[D]the Governor-general(总督)是英国女王在加的常驻代表，由总理推荐并由英女王任命，一般任期5年。总督的职位只是象征性的，没有行政实权，主要职责是召集和解散议会，任命民选产生的总理及其政府，接待来访同家元首等。答案为[D]。

题43

43.

The Declaration of Independence was written by _________.

[A] Thomas Jefferson [B] George Washington [C] Alexander Hamilton [D] James Madison

[参考答案] A

[详细解答]

本题考查美国历史知识．[A]Thomas Jefferson(托马斯·杰斐逊，1743-1826)作为一个包括约翰·亚当斯(John Adams)和本杰明·富兰克林(Benjamin Franklin)在内的起草委员会的成员，起草了美国《独立宣言》的第一稿，答案为[A]。[B]George Washington(乔治·华盛顿)是美国第一任总统[C]Alexander Hamilton(亚历山大·汉密尔顿)是美国第一任财政部长。[D]詹姆士·麦迪逊(James Madison)是美国第四任总统。

题44

44.

The original inhabitants of Australia were _________.

[参考答案] C

[详细解答]

[A]The Red Indians(印地安人)是美洲土著居民，[B]The Eskimos(爱斯基摩)是北极居民，[D]The Maori(毛利人)是新西兰土著居民，[C]The Aborigines是澳大利亚土著居民。答案为[C]。

题45

45.

Which of the following novels was written by Emily Bronte?

[A] Oliver Twist [B] Middlemarch [C] Jane Eyre [D] Wuthering Heights

[参考答案] D

[详细解答]

Emily Bronte(艾米莉·勃朗台，1818-1848)是英国小说家，勃朗台三姐妹之一，其代表作是[D]Wutbering Heights(《呼啸山庄》)；[A]Oliver Twist(《雾都孤儿》)是英国小说家Charles Dickens(查尔斯·狄更斯，1812-1870)的代表作之一；[B]Middlemarch(《中场》)是George Eliot(乔治·埃利奥特，1819-1880)的代表作；[C]Jane Eyre(《简爱》)是Charlotte Bronte(夏洛蒂·勃朗台，1816-1855)的代表作。

题46

46.

William Butler Yeats was a(n) _________.poet and playwright.

[A] American [B] Canadian [C] Irish [D] Australian

[参考答案] C

[详细解答]

William Butler Yeats(威廉·巴特勒·叶芝，1865--1939)是爱尔兰作家，被认为是20世纪最伟大的诗人之一。他创作了许多短剧，包括The Countess Cathleen(《凯瑟琳女伯爵》)(1892年)，他的诗作成集出版，如The Winding Stair(《回旋楼梯》)(1929年)，内容从早期的爱情抒情诗到晚年复杂的象征主义作品，他于1923年获得诺贝尔文学奖。

题47

47.

Death of a Salesman was written by _________.

[A] Arthur Miller [B] Ernest Hemingway [C] Ralph Ellison [D] James Baldwin

[参考答案] A

[详细解答]

[A]Arthur Miller(阿瑟·米勒)生于1915年，美国剧作家，其作品有Death of a Salesman(《推销员之死》)(1949)，该书获普利策奖。[B]Ernest Hemingway(欧内斯特·海明威，1899-1961)是美国作家，作品有The Sun Also Rises(《太阳照样升起》)(1926)等，1954年获诺贝尔文学奖。

[C]Ralph Ellison(拉尔夫·埃利森)是美国作家，生于1914年，其代表作是小说Invisible Man(《隐形人》)(1952)。[D]James Baldwin(詹姆斯·鲍德温，1924-1987)也是美国作家，其代表作为Go

题48

48.

_________.refers to the study of the internal structure of words and the rules of word formation. [A] Phonology [B] Morphology [C] Semantics [D] Sociolinguistics

[参考答案] B

[详细解答]

[B]morphology(形态学)是某一语言中对于单词的结构和形式的研究。包括词尾变化、派生和合成词的构成等。[A]phonology(音系学)是指对一种语言中有关其分类和模式以及为大家所默认的发音规则的研究。[C]semantics(语义学)是以语言形式表示意思的研究或科学。

[D]sociolinguistics(社会语言学)是对受社会和文化因素影响的语言和语言行为的研究。故[B]为答案。

题49

49.

The distinctive features of a speech variety may be all the following EXCEPT _________.

[A] lexical [B] syntactic [C] phonological [D] psycholinguistic

[参考答案] D

[详细解答]

speech variety(言语变体)，又称之为语言变体，是语言使用者所使用的具有一定区别性特征的变体。文体的差异主要是通过不同的发音(phonological)、不同的语法结构(syntactic)或不同的词汇(lexical)选择来实现的。只有[D]psycholinguistic(心理语言学的)不是言语变体的特征，故为答案。

题50

50.

The word tail once referred to “the tail of a horse”, but now it is used to mean “the tail of any animal.” This is an example of _________.

[A] widening of meaning [B] narrowing of meaning [C] meaning shift [D] loss of meaning

[参考答案] A

[详细解答]

词义的变化包括[A]widening of meaning(词义拓宽)；[B]narrowing of meaning(词义变窄)；

[c]meaning shift(词义转移)等。这里tail的含义由原来较小范畴扩大到较大范畴，显然属于词义拓宽，故[A]为答案。

PART IV PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION

The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case,only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it.

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