必修Book I Unit 1 Friendship基础知识过关
必修Book I Unit 1 Friendship基础知识过关
编写人：时间:
【使用说明】限时闭卷完成。要求：规范、高效、书写要认真。
1. (15分钟) 填空部分
2. (8分钟) 单项选择
3. (10分钟)完形填空
4. (7分钟) 阅读理解
单项选择1-5____________6-10___________11-15____________
完形填空16-20___________21-25____________ 阅读理解26-30___________
I. 根据句意写出单词的正确形式。（每空1分，共25分）
1. The snow is very _________（疏松的）and there is a lot of air in it.
2. She is so ________ （疯狂）about English that she can’t live without it.
3.I will be_________(感激的) if you help me.
4. Our workmate has been in danger. We’re al l _________（担心）about his health.
5. They had to hide away or they would be caught by the _________ (德国的)Nazis.
6. It is raining heavily outside. The children can’t play __________（在户外）.
7. Their age is from 13 to 19. They are called ___________（青少年）.
8.He __________(不理) the bell and went somewhere quiet.
9. The dark, rainy evening, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their ________(力量).
10. The boy came to school ____________(心烦意乱的).
11.The mountain was __________ (完全地)covered with snow.
12.There has been a _________ （系列）of car accidents at the crossing.
13. I ________(不喜欢)living in a lonely house.
14. He is _____________ (遭受)from loneliness.
15. This is_____________(正是，确切地) what I want.
16. He set off along the river at _______(黄昏).
17.I am only able to look at nature through dirty __________(窗帘) hanging before very
____________(布满灰尘的) windows.
18.She soon _______________(恢复；痊愈)from her illness with the help of doctors.
19.You’d better do it with your _____________(合作者).
20.He said that everyone was right, and this was where I ________________(不同意) .
21.The man saw the accident on the _______________(高速公路)．
22. Margot asked her father what else she had hidden under her ___________(大衣；外套).
23. She found it difficult to _____________(定居；安家)in the hiding place.
24. I could not find my _______________(手提箱；衣箱)after I got down the plane.
II. 1) 根据意思写出短语。(每空1.5分，共30分)
1.His illness _________________(增加)the family’s trouble.
2. He told his friend that he_________________(不得不)go to class.
3. While______________(遛狗），you were careless and it was hit by a car.
4. She has_________________(经历) an unhappy time recently.
5.She and her family _________________(躲藏) for 25 months before they were discovered.
6. She_____________(保持清醒) on purpose___________ (为了)have a good look at the moon. 7．He was tired but still had _______________(一系列的)meetings to go to.
8. The students __________________(有麻烦；有困难)reciting the long text.
9. I need to ____________(打包) my things in the box very quickly.
10. I am __________________(和…相处) my classmates because they are friendly.
11. I have ____________________(厌倦) looking at nature through dirty curtains.
12. She __________________(忍受..之苦) loneliness, but she had to learn to like it there.
13. Why did Anne ________________(不再) just like looking at nature out of the window.
14. I don’t want to _________________(写下) facts in a diary as most people do.
15. Are you afraid that your friend would ________________(嘲笑) you?
16. As the moon gave far ______________(太多)light, I didn’t dare open a window.
17. I ________________(碰巧)be upstairs when the window was open.
18. The bad weather __________________(增添) our difficulties.
19.______________________________(就我而言), this is an interesting book.
20. Sorry, I didn’t want to h urt you _________________(故意)
2) 根据课文填空(每空2分，共10分)
1. He realized that he_______________________________( 本该告诉) her the truth.
2. This is the first time that _________________________________________(我直面黑夜).
3.It is ______________________________________(观看这些已不再是乐趣)because nature is one
thing that must be experienced.
4. Do you want a friend _______________________________(一个无话不谈的朋友吗) ？
5. Anne______________________________________(把日记作为她最好的朋友).
III．单项选择（每题1分，共15分）
1. You can never know _______when she received our nice birthday presents.
A. how she was happy
B. how happy was she
C. how happy she was
D. what happy she was
2. After Mary's mother died she _______ hell and high water任何困难, but she managed to keep the family together.
A. went over
B. went through
C. went up
D. went on
3. She's still __________from a bout来回一次of flu.
A. picking
B. covering
C. recovering
D. improving
4. --- _____________ your homestay住宿家庭family? ---Yes, quite well.
A. Are you getting along well with
B. Are you having trouble with
C. Are you staying up with
D. Are you living with
5. She kept doing everything as she liked and _________ all my advice.
A. ignored
B. ignoring
C. to ignore
D. having ignored
6. Linda asked Amy _______she could tell her the general idea of the poem.
A. that
B. whether
C. what
D. how
7. Mother asked the youngest kid ________with his toy car.
A. what the matter was
B. what is the matter
C. what the matter is
D. what was the matter
8. One should be _________ about others, not only about himself.
A. crazy
B. concerned
C. worrying
D. upset
9. If it was not an accident, he must have done it _______.
A. on purpose
B. for purpose
C. in time
D. without hesitation
10. You had better get all the people _______ the work, or you can not get it _______.
A. do; done
B. doing; do
C. to do; done
D. done; done
11. --- I missed the first part of the film. It was really a pity. --- You _______ home half an hour earlier.
A. must have left
B. must have gone
C. should leave
D. should have left
12. Please _______ the numbers and I’m sure they will _____ more than 1,000.
A. add; add up
B. add up; add up
C. add up; add up to
D. add to; add up
13. This is the third time that I ________ this play.
A. have seen
B. had seen
C. see
D. will see
14. I haven't read ______ of her books, but judging from the one I have read, I think she has a very vivid
imagination. A. neither B. both C. either D. all
15. I can well remember that there was a time _____ a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound.
A. that
B. how
C. which
D. when
IV. 完形填空（每题1分，共10分）（请根据上下文来选择相应的选项）
Two brothers worked together on the family farm. One was married and had a large family. The other was __16 . At the day’s end, the brothers shared everything17 , produce and profit.
Then one day the single brother said to himself, “It’s not 18 that we should share equally the produce and the profit. I’m alone and my 19 are simple.” So each night he took a bag of grain from his bin（仓库）and crept across the field between their houses, 20 it into his brother’s bin.
Meanwhile, the married brother said to himself, “It’s not right that we should share the produce and the profit equally. 21 , I’m married and I have my wife and my children to look after me in years to 22 . My brother has no one, and no one to take care of his 23 .” So each night, he took a bag of grain and poured it into his single brother’s bin.
Both men were 24 for years because their supply of grain never decreased. Then one dark night the two brothers met with each other.
Slowly it was known to them what was 25 . They dropped their bags and held each other tightly.
16. A. young B. single C. hardworking D. selfish
17. A. carefully B. unfairly C. wisely D. equally
18. A. wrong B. bad C. right D. pitiful
19. A. needs B. savings C. earnings D. belongings
20. A. carrying B. pouring C. raising D. lifting
21. A. At all B. In all C. Above all D. After all
22. A. come B. appear C. pass D. turn
23. A. marriage B. clothing C. future D. food
24. A. satisfied B. puzzled C. pleased D. discouraged
25. A. improving B. progressing C. moving D. happening
V. 阅读理解（每题2分，共10分）
It is a very common thing for a person to have a good friend. My good friend is Diana. She is a rich and proud girl. She often thinks that she is too good for anyone, so nobody wants to be her friend.
One day after school, I was waiting for Diana when Vivien came up to me. She gave me a biscuit. I accepted it. We talked and joked, and from then on, I began to spend more time with Vivien than with Diana. I felt a little uneasy.
After a few days, I went to see Diana with some snacks when Vivien came and sat with me. She offered me a sandwich. She also offered one to Diana, but Diana refused it. She walked away. I was angry with Diana for being so rude.
"Never mind," Vivien said, "I'm used to it."
After school, I tried to catch up with Diana. While walking home, I tried to correct her attitude, but she didn't listen to me. She said, “Go and join your ‘dear’ Vivien. I know you make a new friend and forget the old one.”
For the next few weeks, we didn't talk to each other. Then one day, Diana came to Vivien and me, saying, “I'm really sorry about what I did. I'm a s poiled (宠坏的) girl, but I also need good friends just like you. Would you please forgive me?” Vivien and I looked at each other and smiled. From then on, Diana, Vivien and have been best friends.
26. The writer was angry with Diana _________.
A. because she was too good for anyone
B. when Diana refused Vivien's sandwich
C. though she asked the writer to forgive her
D. so Diana walked away
27. Vivien's words "I'm used to it." show that________.
A. someone refused to give her things
B. Vivien used to be rude to others
C. she eared a lot about it
D. Diana had been rude to her before
28. Diana asked Vivien and the writer to forgive her because _______.
A. they didn't spend much time with her
B. she realized she was wrong
C. Vivien and the writer didn't talk lo her
D. she was a rich and proud girl
29. According to the passage, it is clear that _______.
A. Diana, Vivien and the writer became good friends at last
B. Diana didn't like sandwiches
C. Vivien didn't want to make new friends at all
D. the writer forget her old friend after she had a new one
30. The passage is mainly about _______.
A. the mistake among the three girls
B. the story of two girls
C. three friends at a school
D. the trouble between Diana and Vivien
Unit one 过关检测答案
I．1.loose 2. crazy 3. grateful 4. concerned 5. German 6. outdoors 7.teenagers 8.ignored
9. power 10.upset 11. entirely 12. series 13. dislike 14. suffering 15. exactly 16. dusk
17. curtains ;dusty 18. recovered 19. partner 20. disagreed 21. highway 22. overcoat
23. settle 24. suitcase
II．1.added to 2. had got to 3. walking the dog 4. gone through 5. had hidden away
6. stayed awake; in order to
7. a series of
8.have trouble in
9.pack up 10.getting along with 11.got tired of 12. suffered from 13. no longer 14. set down 15. laugh at16. too much
17. happened to 18. added to 19. As far as I’m concerned 20. on purpose
III.1.. should have told 2. I have seen the night face to face
3. no pleasure looking through these any longer.
4. whom you want to tell everything to
5. made her diary her best friend.
1-15 CBCAA BDBAC DCADD 16-25BDCAB DACBD 26-30.BDBAC
Unit one 过关检测答案
I．1.loose 2. crazy 3. grateful 4. concerned 5. German 6. outdoors 7.teenagers 8.ignore
9. power 10.upset 11. entirely 12. series 13. dislike 14. suffering 15. exactly 16. dusk
17. curtain ;dusty 18. recovered 19. partner 20. disagreed 21. highway 22. overcoat
23. settle 24. suitcase
II．1.added to 2. had got to 3. walking the dog 4. gone through 5. had hidden away
6. stayed awake; in order to
7. a series of
8.have trouble in
9.pack up 10.getting along with 11.got tired of 12. suffered from 13. no longer 14. set down 15. laugh at16. too much
17. happened to 18. added to 19. As far as I’m concerned 20. on purpose
III.1.. should have told 2. I have seen the night face to face
3. no pleasure looking through these any longer.
4. whom you want to tell everything to
5. made her diary her best friend.
1-15 CBCAA BDBAC DCADD 16-25BDCAB DACBD 26-30.BDBAC
Unit one 过关检测答案
I．1.loose 2. crazy 3. grateful 4. concerned 5. German 6. outdoors 7.teenagers 8.ignore
9. power 10.upset 11. entirely 12. series 13. dislike 14. suffering 15. exactly 16. dusk
17. curtain ;dusty 18. recovered 19. partner 20. disagreed 21. highway 22. overcoat
23. settle 24. suitcase
II．1.added to 2. had got to 3. walking the dog 4. gone through 5. had hidden away
6. stayed awake; in order to
7. a series of
8.have trouble in
9.pack up 10.getting along with 11.got tired of 12. suffered from 13. no longer 14. set down 15. laugh at16. too much
17. happened to 18. added to 19. As far as I’m concerned 20. on purpose
III.1.. should have told 2. I have seen the night face to face
3. no pleasure looking through these any longer.
4. whom you want to tell everything to
5. made her diary her best friend.
1-15 CBCAA BDBAC DCADD 16-25BDCAB DACBD 26-30.BDBAC
必修一高中文言文基础知识梳理
高中教材文言文基础知识梳理 必修1 烛之武退秦师 一、通假字 1.今老矣，无能为也已(____同____) 2.行李之往来，共其乏困(____通____，________________) 3.秦伯说，与郑人盟(____通____) 4.失其所与，不知(____通____) 答案 1.已矣 2.共供供给 3.说悦 4.知智 二、古今异义 1.若舍郑以为东道主 ．．． 古义： 今义：请客的主人。 2.行李 ．．之往来，共其乏困 古义： 今义：出门所带的包裹、箱子等。 3.微夫人 ．．之力不及此 古义： 今义：对一般人的妻子的尊称。 答案 1.东方道路上(招待过客)的主人。2.出使的人。
3.那人，指秦穆公。 三、一词多义 1.微 ①微夫人之力不及此() ②微闻有鼠作作索索() ③各微侧，其两膝相比者() ④猥以微贱，当侍东宫() ⑤微风鼓浪() 答案①如果没有②暗暗地③稍微，略微④低贱，卑下⑤微小，轻微 2.若 ①若使烛之武见秦君，师必退() ②海内存知己，天涯若比邻() ③徐公不若君之美也() ④若入前为寿() ⑤桑之未落，其叶沃若() 答案①假如②好像③及，比得上④第二人称代词，你⑤形容词词尾，相当于“貌”“……的样子” 3.许 ①许君焦、瑕() ②杂然相许()
③问渠那得清如许() ④潭中鱼可百许头() ⑤先生不知何许人也() 答案①答应，允许②赞许，赞同③这样，这般 ④表示大约的数量⑤处所，地方 4.鄙 ①越国以鄙远() ②蜀之鄙有二僧，其一贫，其一富() ③鄙贱之人，不知将军宽之至此也() ④鄙人不知忌讳() ⑤孔子鄙其小器() 答案①把……当做边邑②边界地方③庸俗，浅陋，鄙俗④鄙人，复合词，自称的谦辞⑤轻视 5.以 ①以其无礼于晋() ②敢以烦执事() ③越国以鄙远() ④若舍郑以为东道主() ⑤以勇气闻于诸侯() ⑥夫夷以近，则游者众() ⑦则请立太子为王，以绝秦望()
必修一基础知识复习.doc
人教版高中语文（必修一）复习 【必修■第■单元诗歌却识复习】 一、根据拼音写出汉字。 qin (_）园春分mi(）百聽（）zheng (）睞寥kud () 万户hou () 挥斥方qili (_)man ()江man( )骂xie (）來浪。（）飞舟漪lUn () pang (）徨寂1i do () 惆chang ()凄wan () 颓pY ()青xlng ( ) 浮z6o () 长gao (）hao 草（）枯gao() 斑ldn () 流ldn() sheng (） 箫青tai () 漫sti ( )M ji() 火bo ()niD ( )怩 麦zao () 发j iao() dtin ()肉团Ji() 凌wO (_ )chi（_）骂跌n cha （_）_ dud(）手qiong ()音春wG ()窗fei () 彳chu() 雾诚)和di () 二、辨析下列汉字的字形 沁香分泌谩骂漫江惆怅苍茫沧桑阻遏碣石彷徨惶然稠密 惋惜哀婉颓圮祭祀沉淀纸锭绽放彷徨牌坊惆怅为虎作偎丝绸无耻澜言斑斓波澜朔风追溯挑衅河畔碾碎辗转杞人忧天堤堰握苗助长偃旗息鼓凌侮陵墓棱角忸怩纽扣枢纽心扉雨書駆駆 三、掌握下面词语的词义 峥喋：天伦： 挥斥方遒：颓圮： 激扬：瓦菲： 彷徨：凌侮： 典押： 四、近义词辨析 1、寥廓：（天空）高原空旷。辽阔：（土地海洋等）辽远广阔。 2、意气：意志和气概，志趣和性格。也指因主观偏激而产生的情绪，如意气用事、意气相投。 义气：山于私人关系而甘于承担风险或牺牲自己利益的气概。如讲义气。 3、遏制：制止，控制（一般只能是一定程度上的效果）。遏止：用力阻止住。 例如：（）不住胸中的怒火。滚滚洪流，不可（）。（）对方的攻势。 9?沉淀：指沉到溶液底层的难以溶解的物质，比喻凝聚，积累。积淀：指长时间积累起來的习俗、文化。 5、彷徨：犹疑不决的走來走去。倘佯：自山自在地走來走去。 6、养育：抚养和教育。养活：供给东两使生活。 五、文学常识 诗歌：古代文学体裁之一，起源于古代劳动。《》是我国第一部诗歌总集,开创了我国诗歌 ______________ 的源头。战国时期出现的楚辞体代表作《》开创了我国诗歌 _________ 的先河。以“五四”新文化运动为界，诗歌 分为新体诗和。"五四”以前的诗歌统称为，其屮旧体诗乂以唐代为界分为古体诗和。唐代以前的诗歌统称为古体诗，近体诗从唐代才开始兴起。古体诗和近体诗的主要区别在__________________________________________ 方面——即能否押韵、讲究平仄、对仗。近体诗又分为 ________ 绝句和排律。律诗都是_________ 的，冇七言律诗和 ________ :绝句都是__________ 的，冇七言绝句和五言绝句。五四以后兴起的新体诗也冇格律诗和自山诗之分，其中用IU格律填写新内容的称为格律诗，像毛泽东的《沁园春?长沙》；其它的称为自山诗，像徐志摩的《再别康桥》、戴里舒的《南巷》和艾青的《大堰荷一一我的保姆》等。 词：是诗歌的一种。词的全名为___________ ，是与曲调相谐利的唱词。词起源于隋唐Z际，隋代已冇声腔，曲调， 但不见曲子词。到了唐五代开始出现发间曲子，也就是有了乐谱后而按谱写词，名为曲子词，后简称为词。现存最早的民间曲子词是在敦煌莫高窟藏经室中发现的敦煌曲子词。现存最早的文人词是李口的《忆秦娥》和《菩萨蛮》。因 而李白被尊为“百代词曲之祖”。词发展于五代，到了宋代发展到顶峰。根据风格特点，词有________________ 和 ______ Z分；按照字数，词有小令、 ________ 和 ______ 之分。 戴望舒（1905——1950）,浙江杭县人，中国现代著名诗人。1925年入上海震旦大学学习法文，开始受到法国象
单元基础知识过关一
英语 新课标（RJ）·八年级下册
根据汉语提示，写出相应的单词 1．问题；事情________2. 胃痛；腹痛________________3．咽喉；喉咙________ 4. 发烧________5．躺；平躺________ 6. 放松；休息________7．咳嗽____________ 8. 刀________基础知识清单 重点单词 matter stomachache throat fever lie rest cough knife
9．牙痛___________ 10. 头痛___________11．间歇；休息________12．(使)疼痛；受伤________13．乘客；旅客______________14．问题；苦恼________15．击；打________16．她自己___________17．生病的；有病的________18．我们自己___________ toothache headache break hurt passenger trouble hit herself sick ourselves
19．登山者；攀登者___________20．危险；风险；冒险________21．情况；状况___________22．血________23．意思是；打算；意欲________24．重要性；重要______________25．决定；抉择___________26．限制；约束；管理___________27．勇气；意志________28．死；死亡________ climber risk situation blood mean importance decision control spirit death
人教版英语八年级上册Unit 1 基础知识过关
Unit 1 基础知识过关?基础知识清单 ●重点短语 1. 相当多 2. 当然，自然 3.给……的感觉，感受到 4.因为 5.出去 6.喜欢做某事 7.等待，等候 8.在乡下 9.没有人10.去夏令营11.好久不见 12.沿途13.开始做某事14.到达 15.决定做某事16.为某人买某物 17.如此……以至于……18.继续做某事 19.发现，查明20.去度假21.玩得开心 22.大多数时间23.写日记 24.任何有趣的地方25.好想要做某事 26.忘记去做某事 ●重点句型 1.“你去哪里度假了？”“我去了纽约市。” —Where did you ? —I New York City . 2.你的假期过得怎么样？your vacation ? 3.“你买了什么特别的东西？”“是的，我给我爸爸买了一些东西。”—Did you buy ?—Yes , I bought my father . 4.你觉得它怎么样？did you it ? 5.唯一的问题是晚上除了读书没什么事可做。 The only problem was there was to do in the evening but 6.由于糟糕的天气，底下的东西我们什么都看不到。 the bad weather , we couldn’t see below . 7.我想知道这里过去的生活是什么样子的。 I what life here in the past . 8.我感觉自己就像一只小鸟。I I a bird . 9.一天的差异是多大呀！ a difference a day makes ! 10. 我们决定去我们宾馆附近的沙滩。 We decided near our hotel . Unit 1 ?基础知识迁移 一、根据句意及首字母提示补全单词。 1. We must w when the traffic lights are red . 2.You can see an old museum between the two tall b .
人教版高中英语必修一unit1知识点总结
Survey n. 纵览,视察,测量v. 审视,视察,通盘考虑,调查 1. We stood on the top of the mountain and surveyed the countryside. 我们站在山顶上，眺望乡村。 2. A quick survey of the street showed that no one was about. 扫视街道, 空无一人。 Add v. 增加 1. He added some wood to increase the fire. 他加了一些木柴，使火旺些。 2. If you add 4 to 5, you get 9. 四加五等于九。 3. Add up all the money I owe you. 把我应付你的钱都加在一起。 Upset a. 烦乱的,不高兴 v. 颠覆,推翻,扰乱,使心烦意乱,使不舒服 1. I'm always upset when I don't get any mail. 我接不到任何邮件时总是心烦意乱。 2. He has an upset stomach. 他胃不舒服。 3. The news quite upset him. 这消息使他心烦意乱。 Ignore v. 不顾,不理,忽视 1. I said hello to her, but she ignored me completely! 我向她打招呼, 可她根本不理我! 2. I can't ignore his rudeness any longer. 他粗暴无礼, 我再也不能不闻不问了。 Calm n. 平稳,风平浪静 a. 平静的,冷静的 v. 平静下来,镇静 1. It was a beautiful morning, calm and serene. 那是一个宁静、明媚的早晨。 2. You should keep calm even in face of danger. 即使面临危险，你也应当保持镇静。 3. Have a brandy it'll help to calm you (down). 来点儿白兰地--能使你静下来。 calm down vt. 平静下来(镇定下来) 1. His rage was soon calmed down by the rustic peace. 乡村的宁静很快就使他的怒气平静下来。 2. I told myself to calm down. 我告诫自己要冷静下来。 have got to conj. 不得不(必须) 1. You may not like him, but you have got to admire his persistence. 你可以不喜欢他，但你不得不佩服他那种坚忍不拔的精神。 2. I couldn't have got to the meeting on time -- unless I had caught an earlier train. 我不可能及时赶到会场，除非我赶上了较找的一班火车。 Concern n. 关心,关系, 关切的事,忧虑 v. 涉及,与...有关,影响;使关心 1. How much money I earn is none of your concern. 我挣多少钱与你无关。 2. These problems concern all of us. 这些问题影响到我们每一个人。 3. This restaurant is a family concern. 这家饭店是由一家人经营的。 be concerned about vt. 关心(挂念) 1. It is reassuring to be enquired after when you're ill. It shows your friends haven't stopped being concerned about you. 如果能询问一下你是何时生病的我们也就放心了。因为你的朋友一直在关心你。 2. The government's claim to be concerned about unemployment is sheer hypocrisy. 政府声称对失业表示关注纯属做做姿态。 Cheat n. 骗子,欺骗行为 v. 欺骗,作弊 1. His father was cheated of his land. 他的父亲被人骗走了地产。 2. He never cheats to pass examination. 他考试从不作弊。 3. He was cheated (out) of his rightful inheritance. 他依法应得的遗产被人骗走了. Reason n. 理由,原因,理智,理性 v. 说服,推论,下判断 1. She can reason very clearly. 她能很清晰地思考。 2. Copernicus reasoned that the earth revolved around the sun. 哥白尼论证了地球绕着太阳转。 3. We have reason to believe that he was murdered. 我们有理由相信他是被谋杀的。 list n. 目录,名单,明细表 v. 列出,列于表上,记入名单内 1. He wrote down his name on the list. 他将他的名字写在清单上。 2. He listed all the things he had to do. 他把自己必须做的事列成表。 Share n. 部份,股份,分担 v. 共享,共有,分配 1. If you want a share of the pay, you'll have to do your fair share of the work. 要是你想得到一份报酬，你就必须做好你该分担的那一份工作。 2. She's got all her money in stocks and shares. 她所有的钱都投放到股票里去了。
高一数学必修一的知识点总结介绍
高一数学必修一的知识点总结介绍 一：集合的含义与表示 1、集合的含义：集合为一些确定的、不同的东西的全体，人们 能意识到这些东西，并且能判断一个给定的东西是否属于这个整体。 把研究对象统称为元素，把一些元素组成的总体叫集合，简称为集。 2、集合的中元素的三个特性： (1)元素的确定性：集合确定，则一元素是否属于这个集合是确 定的：属于或不属于。 (2)元素的互异性：一个给定集合中的元素是唯一的，不可重复的。 (3)元素的无序性:集合中元素的位置是可以改变的，并且改变位置不影响集合 3、集合的表示：{…} (1)用大写字母表示集合：A={我校的篮球队员},B={1,2,3,4,5} (2)集合的表示方法：列举法与描述法。 a、列举法：将集合中的元素一一列举出来{a,b,c……} b、描述法： ①区间法：将集合中元素的公共属性描述出来，写在大括号内表示集合。 {x?R|x-3>2},{x|x-3>2} ②语言描述法：例：{不是直角三角形的三角形} ③Venn图:画出一条封闭的曲线，曲线里面表示集合。
4、集合的分类： (1)有限集：含有有限个元素的集合 (2)无限集：含有无限个元素的集合 (3)空集：不含任何元素的集合 5、元素与集合的关系： (1)元素在集合里，则元素属于集合，即：a?A (2)元素不在集合里，则元素不属于集合，即：a￠A 注意：常用数集及其记法： 非负整数集(即自然数集)记作：N 正整数集N*或N+ 整数集Z 有理数集Q 实数集R 6、集合间的基本关系 (1).“包含”关系(1)—子集 定义：如果集合A的任何一个元素都是集合B的元素，我们说这两个集合有包含关系，称集合A是集合B的子集。 7、集合的运算 二、函数的概念 函数的概念：设A、B是非空的数集，如果按照某个确定的对应关系f，使对于集合A中的任意一个数x，在集合B中都有唯一确定的数f(x)和它对应，那么就称f：A---B为从集合A到集合B的一个函数.记作：y=f(x)，x∈A. (1)其中，x叫做自变量，x的取值范围A叫做函数的定义域;
人教版必修一 基础知识清单
必修一重要知识清单 1、生命活动离不开细胞：细胞是生物体结构和功能的基本单位。 ①病毒：由蛋白质和核酸构成的；生活方式：只能寄生在活细胞中才能生存，单独存在时无法生存； 遗传物质是DNA或RNA；繁殖方式是增殖 ②单细胞生物：只有一个细胞，可独立进行摄食、运动、繁殖等生命活动；如：细菌、蓝藻、酵母菌、 霉菌、草履虫、变形虫等 ③多细胞生物：生长、发育、反射、生殖等生命活动也要靠多个细胞共同完成。 2、生命系统的结构层次：细胞→组织→器官→系统→个体→种群_→群落→生态系统→生物圈 ①病毒：不属于（属于、不属于）生命活动的结构层次； ②单细胞生物：属于细胞或个体层次，并参与构建种群、群落、生态系统； ③多细胞生物：植物没有系统层次； 动物包含细胞、组织、器官、系统、个体结构层次； 3、细胞的多样性与统一性：结构差异体现了多样性；相同结构体现了统一性。 ①原核细胞：其结构包括细胞膜、细胞质、核糖体、拟核等；无核膜包被的细胞核；其 DNA是裸露的，分布在拟核和细胞质基质。 细菌：同化类型大多为异养型，个别为自养型，如硝化、光合细菌； 蓝藻：同化类型属于自养型，举例：衣藻、发菜、念珠藻、蓝球藻等； （某些原核细胞能进行光合作用的原因是：_具有光和作用相关色素及酶_） ②真核细胞：有核膜包被的细胞核，核DNA与蛋白质结合构成染色体；有多种细胞器；植物 细胞有细胞壁；（植物细胞的细胞壁与原核细胞的一样吗？） 4、细胞学说：建立者施耐登和施旺 意义：通过对动植物细胞的研究而揭示了细胞统一性和生物体结构统一性_ 内容：（1）细胞是一个有机体，一切动植物都由细胞发育而来，并由细胞和细胞产物_所构成 （2）细胞是一个_相对独立_的单位，既有它自己的生命，又对与其他细胞共同组成的整体的生命起作用
牛津译林版必修一 Unit 1 重点基础知识过关默写检测(含答案)
必修1 Unit 1School life 一、高频单词默写 1. vt. 获得; 赚, 挣得 2. adj. 一般的, 普通的; 平均的 3. n. 难事; 斗争; 努力vi. 奋斗, 努力; 挣扎 4. adj. 额外的, 外加的 5. n. & vt. 交换; 交流 6. adj. 极佳的, 非常好的 7. adv. 不知为什么; 不知怎么地 8. vt. 管理; 操作 9. n. 主持人; 主人, 东道主 10. n. 负责, 掌管vt. 使承担责任; 收费 11. vt. & n. 广播, 播放 12. n. (重要)事件; 社交活动; 比赛项目 13. n. 短途旅行, 远足 14. n. 一代, 一代人 15. vt. 选择, 挑选 二、常用单词拓展 1. enjoy v. 喜欢, 享受→n. 享受, 乐趣→adj. 有乐趣的; 令人愉快的
2. experience n. &vt. 经历, 体验→adj. 有经验的→adj. 缺乏经验的 3. respect n. & vt. 尊敬, 敬重; (事物的)方面→adj. 表示敬意的, 尊敬的→adj. 值得尊敬的; 体面的 4. devote vt. 致力于; 献身→adj. 忠实的; 深爱的→n. 奉献; 挚爱 5. challenge vt. & n. 向……挑战; 挑战→adj. 具有挑战性的 6. encourage vt. 鼓励→adj. 鼓舞的→adj. 令人鼓舞的→ n. 鼓励 7. satisfy vt. 使……满意→adj. 满意的→adj. 令人满意的→n. 满意 8. graduate vi. 毕业n. 毕业生→n. 毕业 9. fluent adj. 流利的→adv. 流利地→n. 流利 10. paint vt. 油漆; 绘画→n. 画家; 油漆匠→n. 绘画, 绘画作品 11. donate vt. 捐赠→n. 捐赠→ n. 捐赠者 12. kind adj. 友好的→adv. 友好→n. 善意 13. depend v. 依靠, 依赖→adj. 独立的→n. 独立, 独立性 14. inform vt. 通知, 告知→n. 信息 15. approve vt. &vi. 批准, 通过; 赞成, 同意→n. 批准, 赞成 16. prepare vt. 准备, 筹备→adj. 有准备的→n. 准备, 筹备 三、重点短语默写 1.免费
人教版高一英语必修一Unit1知识点详解
高一英语必修1 Unit 1 Friendship Part 1. Warming up 1.介词不同，含义有别： be good to sb./sth. 对… 好be good for sb./sth. 对… 有好处 be good at (doing) sth. 擅长，精通be good with sb./sth. 善于应付… 的 eg. She was very good to me when I was ill. Doing morning exercises is good for health. Tim is good at speaking English. He is very good with children. 他对孩子很有一套。 2.add up 合计，把…加起来add up to 合计达到… add to 增加，增添add A to B 把…加进…里面，把…和…相加 eg. Please add these figures up. These figures add up to 900. The bad weather added to our difficulities. Please add some salt to the water. Add three to four and you get seven. ▲ add vt. 补充说（后接that从句或者直接引语） eg. He added that they would return in a week. “And don’t be late,”she added. 3.point n.点，要点，观点，意义，得分v.指着 be on the point of doing sth. when......=be about to do sht. when....正要做某事，这时...... There is no point (in) doing sth. 没有必要（意义）做某事 4. until与not … until until表示动作、状态的持续，强调“一直到……为止”，或强调某个动作或状态一直持续到另一个动作或状态出现之前。常与表示延续性动作的动词连用。 not … until表示“到……为止；直到……才”，常与表示瞬间性动作的动词连用。 eg. He lived with his parents until he graduated from college. The noise of the street didn’t stop until midnight. 5. finish sth./doing sth. 后跟动名词作宾语的动词或短语还有：admit, appreciate, avoid，consider，delay, enjoy，escape, feel like, forgive, get down to, give up, imagine，mind, miss（错过）, practice, suggest, risk，can't stand（不能忍受）, can’t help (忍不住），give up, put off等。 help sb.(to) do sth. There is no way to escape doing the work. 没有办法逃脱做这项工作。 We shall appreciate hearing from you again. 能再次收到你的来信，我们将十分感激。 He put off paying the bills 6. get sth. done 使某事被做( get做使役动词，“使、叫、让”后接复合宾语) eg. When are you going to get your hair cut? I must get my homework finished first before going out to play. He got his foot hurt while playing football. ▲get sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事eg. I will get him to do the work. ▲get sb./sth. doing…使某人或者某物开始…起来eg. Let me try now. I will get the car going. ▲get + n. + adj. 使… 成为某种状态eg. Get everything ready. ★联想：have sth. done 使某事被做 have sb. do sth. 让某人做某事
必修一文言文基础知识梳理
必修一文言文基础知识梳理 烛之武退秦师 一、指出下列句中的通假字并解释 1．今老矣，无能为也已通“”，释义： 1.已，同“矣”，了。 2．行李之往来，共其乏困通“”，释义： 2.共，通“供”，供给。 3．夫晋，何厌之有通“”，释义： 3.厌，通“餍”，知足，满足。 4．秦伯说，与郑人盟通“”，释义： 4.说，通“悦”，高兴。 5．失其所与，不知通“”，释义： 5.知，通“智”，明智。
二、一词多义 1、贰 ①以其无礼于晋，且贰．于楚也 ②不迁怒，不贰．过 1、贰：①从属二主；②再，重复。 2、鄙 ①蜀之鄙．有二僧 ②越国以鄙．远，君知其难也 ③肉食者鄙．，未能远谋 ④我皆有礼，夫犹鄙．我 2、鄙：①边邑，边远的地方；②把……作为边邑；③庸俗，鄙陋；④轻视，看不起。 3、许 ①许．君焦、瑕，朝济而夕设版焉 ②杂然相许． ③潭中鱼可百许．头
④先生不知何许．人也 3、许：①答应，听从；②赞同；③约数； ④表处所，地方。 4、微 ①微．夫人之力不及此 ②参如微．时，与萧何善 ③微．言大义 ④见微．知著 ⑤国势衰微． 4、微：①假如没有；②卑贱；③幽微，精妙；④隐蔽，不显露；⑤衰败。 5、敝 ①因人之力而敝．之 ②曹操之众，远来疲敝． ③使史更敝．衣草 5、敝：①损害，衰败；②敝：疲惫；③屦
坏，破旧。 6、焉 ①焉．用亡郑以陪邻 ②若不阙秦，将焉．取之 ③子亦有不利焉． ④朝济而夕设版焉． 6、焉：①何，为什么；②哪里；③语气助词，如“啊”；④兼词，“于之”，在那里。 7、以 ①以．其无礼于晋②敢以．烦执事③越国以．鄙远④焉用亡郑以．陪邻⑤若舍郑以．为东道主⑥以．乱易整⑦阙秦以．利晋 7、以：①连词，因为；②介词，拿，来； ③连词，表顺承；④连词，表顺承；⑤介词，把；⑥介词，用；⑦连词，用来。 8、而
高中生物必修一基础知识总结
高中生物必修一基础知识总结 一、病毒： 病毒没有细胞结构，由核酸和蛋白质组成，只有依赖活细胞才能生活。 病毒只有一种核酸：DNA或RNA，有DNA病毒、RNA病毒和逆转录病毒之分。病毒还可分为动物病毒（如乙肝病毒）、植物病毒（如烟草花叶病毒）和细菌病毒（如噬菌体）。 二、生命活动离不开细胞的三点表现： 1、病毒没有细胞结构，只有依赖活细胞才能生活。 2、单细胞生物单个细胞就能完成各种生命活动（如草履虫、变形虫等）。 3、多细胞生物依赖各种分化的细胞密切合作，共同完成一系列复杂的生命活动。 三、生命系统的结构层次 细胞→组织→器官→系统→个体→种群→群落→生态系统→生物圈 种群：一定区域内，同种生物的所有个体的总和。 群落：一定区域内，所有生物个体的总和（或：一定区域内所有种群的总和）。生态系统：生物群落及其无机环境相互作用的统一整体。 四、原核细胞和原核生物 根据核膜的有无，细胞可分为原核细胞和真核细胞两大类。 原核细胞有细菌、蓝藻、放线菌、衣原体、支原体等。 细菌和蓝藻（也叫蓝细菌）属原核生物。 细菌有球形、杆（梭）形、螺旋形三种，少数呈弧形，可依次统称为∽球菌、∽杆（梭）菌、∽螺旋菌、∽弧菌。 细菌有细胞壁（但其成分不是纤维素和果胶！）、核糖体、环状DNA,但无染色体。有的细菌有鞭毛，有的细菌有荚膜，有的细菌在不良环境中能形成芽孢。 细菌以二分裂方式增加数目。 营腐生生活的细菌是分解者，营寄生生活的细菌是消费者，硝化细菌是生产者。蓝藻是一个生物类群，包括蓝球藻、念珠藻、颤藻、发菜等。 蓝藻细胞内含有藻蓝素和叶绿素，能进行光合作用，属于自养生物。
五、细胞学说 建立者：施莱登和施旺。 要点：1、细胞是一个有机体，一切动植物都由细胞发育而来，并由细胞和细胞产物所构成。 2、细胞是一个相对独立的单位，既有它自己的生命，又对与其它细胞的共同组成的整体的生命起作用。 3、新细胞可以从老细胞中产生。 建立过程：（重要事件） 1、1543年，比利时的维萨里发表巨著?人体构造?，揭示了人体在器官水平的结构。 2、法国的比夏指出器官由组织构成。 3、1665年，英国的虎克发现细胞。 4、18世纪，德国的施莱登和施旺提出细胞是构成动植物体的基本单位。 5、1858年德国的魏尔肖指出细胞通过分裂产生细胞。 六、细胞中的元素 大量元素：C、H、O、N、P、S、K、Ca、Mg(9种) 微量元素：Fe、Mn、B、Zn、Cu、Mo（6种） 占人体细胞鲜重百分比前四位的元素：O、C、H、N 占人体细胞干重百分比前四位的元素：C、O、N、H 七、细胞中的化合物 无机物：水、无机盐 有机物：糖类、脂质、蛋白质、核酸 按鲜重百分比从大到小排序：水、蛋白质、脂质、无机盐（糖类和核酸） 占细胞干重百分比最大的化合物：蛋白质。 八、蛋白质 组成元素：C、H、O、N、(S、Fe少) 基本单位：氨基酸 氨基酸分子结构共同点： 1、至少都含有一个氨基和一个羧基。
人教版高一英语必修3 Unit 1基础知识测试题(有答案)
高一英语必修3 Unit1基础知识测试题 班别__________ 姓名__________ 座号_______ 成绩：_________ 一、单词拼写(10分) 1. It is hard to know the ________ (起源) of the human race. 2. I don’t think she’s __________（原谅）me for getting her name wrong that time. 3. The homeless children were _________(渴望) for safety and love. 4. It was a night of dancing and _____________(庆祝). 5. You see, the _________(精力充沛的) young man plays basketball day and night. 6. Her ________ (believe) is very firm. 7. The team felt great _____________ (admire) for the coach. 8. As young people, they want______________(independent) from their parents. 9. She should __________(apology) to her daughter for reading her diary. 10. You can’t take photos here without ___________(permit). 二、完成下列句子翻译：（每空1分，共15分） 1.当我们看见那只熊时，我们屏住了呼吸。 When we saw that bear, we _______ ________ ________. 2.很明显，他原谅我们了。 It_______ _______ ______ he has forgiven us. 3. 他是一个守信用的人。 He is a man who _______ _______ _________. 4.不要忘记提醒我明天的会议。。 Don’t forget to ________ _________ _________ tomorrow’s meeting. 5. 我们明天动身去日本。 We will ________ _______ _________ Japan tomorrow. 三. 单项填空：（每题1分，共10分） ( ) 1. We are supposed ________for our daughter’s wedding. A．to dress in B．being dressed C．to dress up D．dressing for ( ) 2. —Why is Mr. Li so happy this morning? —Because he was honored with a(n)______ for excellence in teaching. A. present B. gift C. award D. reward ( ) 3. The government tried its best to ______the people’s need. But the people were still not ______. In fact, what the government did was not_______. A. satisfy, satisfied, satisfying B. satisfy, satisfying, satisfied C. satisfied, satisfied, satisfying D. satisfying, satisfied, satisfied ( ) 4. Great changes ______in the rural areas in the last two decades. A. have taken place B. are taken place C. are taking place D. have been taken place ( ) 5. I am looking forward to ______ your answer as soon as possible. A. receiving B. being received C. receive D. be received
人教版必修一《烛之武退秦师》文言文基础知识点梳理
烛之武退秦师备课基础知识一词多义 1.微 ①微夫人之力不及此 如果没有 ②微闻有鼠作作索索 暗暗地 ③各微侧，其两膝相比者 稍微，略微 ④猥以微贱，当侍东宫 低贱，卑下 ⑤微风鼓浪 微小，轻微 2.若 ①若使烛之武见秦君，师必退 假如 ②海内存知己，天涯若比邻 好像 ③徐公不若君之美也 及，比得上 ④若入前为寿 第二人称代词，你 ⑤桑之未落，其叶沃若 形容词词尾，相当于“貌”“……的样子” 3.许 ①许君焦、瑕 答应，允许
赞许，赞同 ③问渠那得清如许 这样，这般 ④潭中鱼可百许头 表示大约的数量 ⑤先生不知何许人也 处所，地方答案 4.鄙 ①越国以鄙远 把……当做边邑 ②蜀之鄙有二僧，其一贫，其一富边界地方 ③鄙贱之人，不知将军宽之至此也庸俗，浅陋，鄙俗 ④鄙人不知忌讳 鄙人，复合词，自称的谦辞 ⑤孔子鄙其小器 轻视 5.以 ①以其无礼于晋 介词，因为 ②敢以烦执事 介词，拿，用 ③越国以鄙远 连词，表顺承 ④若舍郑以为东道主
⑤以勇气闻于诸侯 介词，凭借 ⑥夫夷以近，则游者众 连词，表并列 ⑦则请立太子为王，以绝秦望 连词，表目的，来 ⑧木欣欣以向荣 连词，表修饰关系 ⑨皆以美于徐公 动词，认为 通假字 1.今老矣，无能为也已(已同矣) 2.行李之往来，共其乏困(共通供，供给) 3.秦伯说，与郑人盟(说通悦) 4.失其所与，不知(知通智) 古今异义 1.若舍郑以为东道主 古义：东方道路上(招待过客)的主人。 今义：请客的主人。 2.行李之往来，共其乏困 古义：出使的人。 今义：出门所带的包裹、箱子等。 3.微夫人之力不及此 古义：那人，指秦穆公。 今义：对一般人的妻子的尊称。 词类活用
高中语文必修一基础知识复习(修订版)教案资料
高中语文必修一基础知识复习 一、根据拼音写出汉字。 第一单元 q ìn （沁）园春 分m ì(泌) màn（漫）江 m àn (谩)骂 百g ě（舸） 寥ku ò（廓） xié（携 ）来 zh ēng （峥）嵘 挥斥方qi ú（遒） 万户h óu( 侯 ) 浪è（遏）飞舟 páng（彷）徨 寂liáo（寥） 彳chù(亍) 惆ch àng（怅） 凄w ǎn （婉） 颓pǐ（圮） 青x ìng （荇） 浮z ǎo（藻） 漫sù（溯 ） 长gāo（篙） h āo 草 (蒿 ) 枯g ǎo (槁 ) 斑l án（斓） sh ēng （笙）箫 青tāi（苔 ） 荆jí（棘） 火bō（钵） ni ǔ（忸）怩麦z āo（糟） 发jiào (酵 ) dùn (炖) 肉 团jī(箕) 凌w ǔ（侮 ） ch ì（叱）骂 踟chú(蹰 ) 第三单元 li áo （寥）落 长歌d àng(当)哭 fěi (菲)薄 桀ào (骜) di é（喋）血 立P ū（仆） 风尘p úp ú（仆仆） l ìn(赁)屋 àn(黯)然 è（噩）耗 尸h ái （骸） chu āng(创)伤 浸z ì(渍) g àn （干）练 zh ǎn(辗)转 y ǔn (殒)身不x ù (恤) 作y ī (揖) t ǎng(倘)使 解p ōu (剖) 步l ǚ(履) 谦x ùn (逊) ji ǒng(迥)乎不同 b ǐng(屏)息 叱zh à(咤)风云 ch à(诧)异 l ì(莅)临 第四单元 紫j īng (荆) 花 易zh ì (帜) 停b ó (泊) 超z ài (载) 登z ǎi (载) m ēng 骗(蒙) m ěng 古 (蒙) 婆su ō (娑) è梦(噩) x ī(嬉)笑 zhu àn 写(撰) ch ú菊(雏) zh ì息(窒) 绿树成y īn （阴） b ō夺(剥) b āo(剥)果皮 夏y ǎn (衍) l òng 堂(弄) 游shu ì (说) q ì据(契) ǎo 断(拗) ào 口(拗) 执ni ù (拗) d ìng(锭)壳 h ǒng 骗(哄) 起h òng (哄) 气h ōngh ōng (哄洪) ru ò（偌）大 污mi è(蔑) chu ǎi 测(揣) chu āi(揣)着 挣chu ài (揣) y ì年(翌) h éng(横)亘 h èng(横)财 酝ni àng (酿) zu ō(作)坊 一鼓zu ò气(作) 二、辨析下列汉字的字形 第一单元 沁香 分泌 谩骂 漫江 惆怅 为虎作伥 苍茫 沧桑 阻遏 碣石 彷徨 惶然 惋惜 哀婉 颓圮 杞人忧天 祭祀 沉淀 纸锭 绽放 彷徨 牌坊 惆怅 稠密 丝绸 无耻谰言 斑斓 波澜 朔风 追溯 挑衅 河畔 碾碎 辗转 堤堰 揠苗助长 偃旗息鼓 凌侮 陵墓 棱角 忸怩 纽扣 枢纽 心扉 雨雪霏霏 第三单元 ???捍卫精悍 ???陨石 殒身不恤 ???邮戳屠戮 ???翻译演绎 ???赡养瞻仰 ???暴躁枯燥 ?????姹紫嫣红叱 咤诧 异 ?????编辑缉拿作揖 ?????赡养瞻仰屋檐 ?????屐 齿如弃敝屣步 履???????箪食壶浆殚精竭虑肆无忌惮弹冠相庆 ???????间谍 通牒影碟喋血 第四单元 撤离 车辙 清澈 步履 木屐 废墟 嘘寒问暖 谄媚 陷阱 循着 遁世 黯然 谙熟
《必修一》基础知识填空
《必修一》 第一章 走进细胞 1、世界上第一个人工合成的有机物是 ，但其没有生物活性。中国科学家合成的 是世界上第一个人工合成的具有 的蛋白质。 2、以人体为例说明生命系统的8个结构层次： 细胞→ → → →个体→ → →生物圈。最基本的生命 系统是 。从生物圈到细胞，生命系统层层相依，又各自有特定的 、 和 。 3???? ?????? ?????????? ??????????????????????????????? 噬菌体非细胞生物——病毒（ ）（ ）支原体蓝藻——举例（ ）、生物的分类放线菌原核细胞细胞生物球菌细菌（ ）（ ）真核细胞 4、细胞学说 （1）建立者—— 国科学家 （2）意义——细胞学说揭示了 （3）内容——①细胞是一个有机体，一切 都由细胞发育而来 ②细胞是一个 的单位，既有它自己的生命，又对与其他细胞共同组成的整体的生命起作用。 ③新细胞可以从 中产生，这是德国的 提出的观点。 5、除 等以外，生物体都以细胞作为 和 的基本单位 6、大多数细胞都有相似的基本结构，如 、 和 ，这反映了细胞的 ，但每一种细胞又有自己独特的形态、结构和功能，这反映了细胞的 。科学家根据细胞内有无以 的 ，把细胞分为 和 两大类。 第二章 组成细胞的分子 1、细胞中的化学元素 ????????????????????常见种类：主要的有（ ）多种大量元素：（ ）等按含量分微量元素：（ ）等种类最基本元素——按作用分基本元素———主要元素———组成多种多样的化合物 作用影响生物体的生命活动统一性：体现在两者组成元素种类的共性上生物界与非生物界具有差异性：体现在两者组成元素含量的差异上 ?? ? ? ? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? （另外，两者在组成元素的种类上也有一定的差异）