高中英语(人教版)选修7同步讲练：Unit 2 Grammar Word版含答案

GRAMMAR

被动语态（一）

语态是动词的一种形式，用以表示主语和谓语之间的关系。英语的语态分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。

★动词不定式的被动式

【语境展示】观察下面各句中动词不定式的被动式的用法，然后加以总结。

1. It’s nice to be wanted.

2. The books are to be sent to the young children.

3. She didn’t like to be treated as a child.

4. The question to be discussed at the next meeting will be a hard nut to crack.

5. They were shipped to America to be sold as slaves.

6. He didn’t want the subject to be mentioned in the letter.

7. Forty-one people are said to have been seriously hurt in the accident.

【自我归纳】

1. 当动词不定式与其逻辑主语之间是动宾关系时，要用不定式的被动式。动词不定式的被动形式有两种：①一般式的被动式：to be done（句1—句6）；②完成式的被动式：________ （句7）。

2. 动词不定式的被动式在句中可以作主语（句1）、表语（句2）、宾语（句3）、________（句4）、状语（句5）、宾语补足语（句6）、主语补足语（句7）。

【即学即练】

I. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空，每空一词。

1. The book ________ (write) now and ________ (believe) to be popular with young children.

2. It has ________ (declare) that there are five students ________ (send) abroad for further study.

3. I remember ________ (tell) about the meeting ________ (hold) next month.

4. The child is happy ________ (leave) alone at home at weekends because he can play computer games freely.

5. There is a primary school ________ (build) soon in the village so a lot of building materials

________ (bring) here day and night.

II. 用被动语态完成下面对话。

1. A：Thousands of people have been killed in the past few years because of drunk driving. I think

some measures must be taken to handle it.

B：I couldn’t agree more. It is said that it has been put into Criminal Law of the People’s Republic of China already, and ______________________ (以后酒驾者将会受到严惩).

A: In my opinion, another measure to be taken is to make the public understand the harm of drunk driving.

B: I’m afraid _______________ (这个问题不好处理), for it is a tradition in China to drink at

dinners.

2. A: Lisa, I got caught in the traffic jam yesterday. You will never know how angry I was!

B: Oh, sorry to hear that. The transport in Beijing really needs to be improved.

A: Yes. A bus full of passengers had been stuck in the long queue for a long time. And the

driver got shouted at by some passengers.

B: He is not to blame for it. _________________ (汽车的数量应该控制一下) and people

should be requested to travel by public transport.

III. 用括号内动词的正确形式完成下面短文。

Space Station Unity 1. ________ (complete) within the next decade, and international teams of astronauts will then be sharing quarters for long periods of time. What can 2. ________ (do) to improve living conditions in space? Here’s what former astronauts suggest:

Food

It doesn’t taste as good in zero gravity. Food should be made spicier in order for those effects 3. ________ (overcome). International tastes must also 4. ________ (consider).

Clothing

Layered clothing could help astronauts stay comfortable. The top layer should be designed 5. ________ (remove) or added as temperatures vary.

Sleeping

Because of weightlessness, sometimes sleep 6. ________ (disturb) in space. Comfortable restraints must be provided to give a sense of stability.

Emotional Needs

People need “down time”in space just as they do on Earth. Time ought to 7. ________ (provide) for relaxation and privacy.

参考答案

【自我归纳】to have been done；定语

【即学即练】

I. 1. is being written; is believed 2. been declared; to be sent 3. being told; to be held

4. to be left

5. to be built; are being brought

II.

1. drunk drivers will be heavily punished in the future; the problem is hard to deal with

2. The number of cars is supposed to be controlled

III.

1. will be completed

2. be done

3. to be overcome

4. be considered

5. to be removed

6. is disturbed

7. be provided